On some CPUs we can prevent the Meltdown vulnerability by flushing the
L1-D cache on exit from kernel to user mode, and from hypervisor to
guest.
This is known to be the case on at least Power7, Power8 and Power9. At
this time we do not know the status of the vulnerability on other CPUs
such as the 970 (Apple G5), pasemi CPUs (AmigaOne X1000) or Freescale
CPUs. As more information comes to light we can enable this, or other
mechanisms on those CPUs.
The vulnerability occurs when the load of an architecturally
inaccessible memory region (eg. userspace load of kernel memory) is
speculatively executed to the point where its result can influence the
address of a subsequent speculatively executed load.
In order for that to happen, the first load must hit in the L1,
because before the load is sent to the L2 the permission check is
performed. Therefore if no kernel addresses hit in the L1 the
vulnerability can not occur. We can ensure that is the case by
flushing the L1 whenever we return to userspace. Similarly for
hypervisor vs guest.
In order to flush the L1-D cache on exit, we add a section of nops at
each (h)rfi location that returns to a lower privileged context, and
patch that with some sequence. Newer firmwares are able to advertise
to us that there is a special nop instruction that flushes the L1-D.
If we do not see that advertised, we fall back to doing a displacement
flush in software.
For guest kernels we support migration between some CPU versions, and
different CPUs may use different flush instructions. So that we are
prepared to migrate to a machine with a different flush instruction
activated, we may have to patch more than one flush instruction at
boot if the hypervisor tells us to.
In the end this patch is mostly the work of Nicholas Piggin and
Michael Ellerman. However a cast of thousands contributed to analysis
of the issue, earlier versions of the patch, back ports testing etc.
Many thanks to all of them.
Tested-by: Jon Masters <jcm@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
A small batch of fixes, about 50% tagged for stable and the rest for recently
merged code.
There's one more fix for the >128T handling on hash. Once a process had
requested a single mmap above 128T we would then always search above 128T. The
correct behaviour is to consider the hint address in isolation for each mmap
request.
Then a couple of fixes for the IMC PMU, a missing EXPORT_SYMBOL in VAS, a fix
for STRICT_KERNEL_RWX on 32-bit, and a fix to correctly identify P9 DD2.1 but in
code that is currently not used by default.
Thanks to:
Aneesh Kumar K.V, Christophe Leroy, Madhavan Srinivasan, Sukadev Bhattiprolu.
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Merge tag 'powerpc-4.15-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
Pull powerpc fixes from Michael Ellerman:
"A small batch of fixes, about 50% tagged for stable and the rest for
recently merged code.
There's one more fix for the >128T handling on hash. Once a process
had requested a single mmap above 128T we would then always search
above 128T. The correct behaviour is to consider the hint address in
isolation for each mmap request.
Then a couple of fixes for the IMC PMU, a missing EXPORT_SYMBOL in
VAS, a fix for STRICT_KERNEL_RWX on 32-bit, and a fix to correctly
identify P9 DD2.1 but in code that is currently not used by default.
Thanks to: Aneesh Kumar K.V, Christophe Leroy, Madhavan Srinivasan,
Sukadev Bhattiprolu"
* tag 'powerpc-4.15-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
powerpc/64s: Fix Power9 DD2.1 logic in DT CPU features
powerpc/perf: Fix IMC_MAX_PMU macro
powerpc/perf: Fix pmu_count to count only nest imc pmus
powerpc: Fix boot on BOOK3S_32 with CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
powerpc/perf/imc: Use cpu_to_node() not topology_physical_package_id()
powerpc/vas: Export chip_to_vas_id()
powerpc/64s/slice: Use addr limit when computing slice mask
On powerpc32, patch_instruction() is called by apply_feature_fixups()
which is called from early_init()
There is the following note in front of early_init():
* Note that the kernel may be running at an address which is different
* from the address that it was linked at, so we must use RELOC/PTRRELOC
* to access static data (including strings). -- paulus
Therefore, slab_is_available() cannot be called yet, and
text_poke_area must be addressed with PTRRELOC()
Fixes: 95902e6c88 ("powerpc/mm: Implement STRICT_KERNEL_RWX on PPC32")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.14+
Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Non-highlights:
- Five fixes for the >128T address space handling, both to fix bugs in our
implementation and to bring the semantics exactly into line with x86.
Highlights:
- Support for a new OPAL call on bare metal machines which gives us a true NMI
(ie. is not masked by MSR[EE]=0) for debugging etc.
- Support for Power9 DD2 in the CXL driver.
- Improvements to machine check handling so that uncorrectable errors can be
reported into the generic memory_failure() machinery.
- Some fixes and improvements for VPHN, which is used under PowerVM to notify
the Linux partition of topology changes.
- Plumbing to enable TM (transactional memory) without suspend on some Power9
processors (PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NO_SUSPEND).
- Support for emulating vector loads form cache-inhibited memory, on some
Power9 revisions.
- Disable the fast-endian switch "syscall" by default (behind a CONFIG), we
believe it has never had any users.
- A major rework of the API drivers use when initiating and waiting for long
running operations performed by OPAL firmware, and changes to the
powernv_flash driver to use the new API.
- Several fixes for the handling of FP/VMX/VSX while processes are using
transactional memory.
- Optimisations of TLB range flushes when using the radix MMU on Power9.
- Improvements to the VAS facility used to access coprocessors on Power9, and
related improvements to the way the NX crypto driver handles requests.
- Implementation of PMEM_API and UACCESS_FLUSHCACHE for 64-bit.
Thanks to:
Alexey Kardashevskiy, Alistair Popple, Allen Pais, Andrew Donnellan, Aneesh
Kumar K.V, Arnd Bergmann, Balbir Singh, Benjamin Herrenschmidt, Breno Leitao,
Christophe Leroy, Christophe Lombard, Cyril Bur, Frederic Barrat, Gautham R.
Shenoy, Geert Uytterhoeven, Guilherme G. Piccoli, Gustavo Romero, Haren
Myneni, Joel Stanley, Kamalesh Babulal, Kautuk Consul, Markus Elfring, Masami
Hiramatsu, Michael Bringmann, Michael Neuling, Michal Suchanek, Naveen N. Rao,
Nicholas Piggin, Oliver O'Halloran, Paul Mackerras, Pedro Miraglia Franco de
Carvalho, Philippe Bergheaud, Sandipan Das, Seth Forshee, Shriya, Stephen
Rothwell, Stewart Smith, Sukadev Bhattiprolu, Tyrel Datwyler, Vaibhav Jain,
Vaidyanathan Srinivasan, William A. Kennington III.
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Merge tag 'powerpc-4.15-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
Pull powerpc updates from Michael Ellerman:
"A bit of a small release, I suspect in part due to me travelling for
KS. But my backlog of patches to review is smaller than usual, so I
think in part folks just didn't send as much this cycle.
Non-highlights:
- Five fixes for the >128T address space handling, both to fix bugs
in our implementation and to bring the semantics exactly into line
with x86.
Highlights:
- Support for a new OPAL call on bare metal machines which gives us a
true NMI (ie. is not masked by MSR[EE]=0) for debugging etc.
- Support for Power9 DD2 in the CXL driver.
- Improvements to machine check handling so that uncorrectable errors
can be reported into the generic memory_failure() machinery.
- Some fixes and improvements for VPHN, which is used under PowerVM
to notify the Linux partition of topology changes.
- Plumbing to enable TM (transactional memory) without suspend on
some Power9 processors (PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NO_SUSPEND).
- Support for emulating vector loads form cache-inhibited memory, on
some Power9 revisions.
- Disable the fast-endian switch "syscall" by default (behind a
CONFIG), we believe it has never had any users.
- A major rework of the API drivers use when initiating and waiting
for long running operations performed by OPAL firmware, and changes
to the powernv_flash driver to use the new API.
- Several fixes for the handling of FP/VMX/VSX while processes are
using transactional memory.
- Optimisations of TLB range flushes when using the radix MMU on
Power9.
- Improvements to the VAS facility used to access coprocessors on
Power9, and related improvements to the way the NX crypto driver
handles requests.
- Implementation of PMEM_API and UACCESS_FLUSHCACHE for 64-bit.
Thanks to: Alexey Kardashevskiy, Alistair Popple, Allen Pais, Andrew
Donnellan, Aneesh Kumar K.V, Arnd Bergmann, Balbir Singh, Benjamin
Herrenschmidt, Breno Leitao, Christophe Leroy, Christophe Lombard,
Cyril Bur, Frederic Barrat, Gautham R. Shenoy, Geert Uytterhoeven,
Guilherme G. Piccoli, Gustavo Romero, Haren Myneni, Joel Stanley,
Kamalesh Babulal, Kautuk Consul, Markus Elfring, Masami Hiramatsu,
Michael Bringmann, Michael Neuling, Michal Suchanek, Naveen N. Rao,
Nicholas Piggin, Oliver O'Halloran, Paul Mackerras, Pedro Miraglia
Franco de Carvalho, Philippe Bergheaud, Sandipan Das, Seth Forshee,
Shriya, Stephen Rothwell, Stewart Smith, Sukadev Bhattiprolu, Tyrel
Datwyler, Vaibhav Jain, Vaidyanathan Srinivasan, and William A.
Kennington III"
* tag 'powerpc-4.15-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux: (151 commits)
powerpc/64s: Fix Power9 DD2.0 workarounds by adding DD2.1 feature
powerpc/64s: Fix masking of SRR1 bits on instruction fault
powerpc/64s: mm_context.addr_limit is only used on hash
powerpc/64s/radix: Fix 128TB-512TB virtual address boundary case allocation
powerpc/64s/hash: Allow MAP_FIXED allocations to cross 128TB boundary
powerpc/64s/hash: Fix fork() with 512TB process address space
powerpc/64s/hash: Fix 128TB-512TB virtual address boundary case allocation
powerpc/64s/hash: Fix 512T hint detection to use >= 128T
powerpc: Fix DABR match on hash based systems
powerpc/signal: Properly handle return value from uprobe_deny_signal()
powerpc/fadump: use kstrtoint to handle sysfs store
powerpc/lib: Implement UACCESS_FLUSHCACHE API
powerpc/lib: Implement PMEM API
powerpc/powernv/npu: Don't explicitly flush nmmu tlb
powerpc/powernv/npu: Use flush_all_mm() instead of flush_tlb_mm()
powerpc/powernv/idle: Round up latency and residency values
powerpc/kprobes: refactor kprobe_lookup_name for safer string operations
powerpc/kprobes: Blacklist emulate_update_regs() from kprobes
powerpc/kprobes: Do not disable interrupts for optprobes and kprobes_on_ftrace
powerpc/kprobes: Disable preemption before invoking probe handler for optprobes
...
Implement the architecture specific portitions of the UACCESS_FLUSHCACHE
API. This provides functions for the copy_user_flushcache iterator that
ensure that when the copy is finished the destination buffer contains
a copy of the original and that the destination buffer is clean in the
processor caches.
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Implement the architecture specific cache maintence functions that make
up the "PMEM API". Currently the writeback and invalidate functions
are the same since the function of the DCBST (data cache block store)
instruction is typically interpreted as "writeback to the point of
coherency" rather than to memory. As a result implementing the API
requires a full cache flush rather than just a cache write back. This
will probably change in the not-too-distant future.
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Commit 3cdfcbfd32 ("powerpc: Change analyse_instr so it doesn't
modify *regs") introduced emulate_update_regs() to perform part of what
emulate_step() was doing earlier. However, this function was not added
to the kprobes blacklist. Add it so as to prevent it from being probed.
Signed-off-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
We have some dependencies & conflicts between patches in fixes and
things to go in next, both in the radix TLB flush code and the IMC PMU
driver. So merge fixes into next.
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
According to the GCC documentation, the behaviour of __builtin_clz()
and __builtin_clzl() is undefined if the value of the input argument
is zero. Without handling this special case, these builtins have been
used for emulating the following instructions:
* Count Leading Zeros Word (cntlzw[.])
* Count Leading Zeros Doubleword (cntlzd[.])
This fixes the emulated behaviour of these instructions by adding an
additional check for this special case.
Fixes: 3cdfcbfd32 ("powerpc: Change analyse_instr so it doesn't modify *regs")
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This fixes the emulated behaviour of existing fixed-point shift right
algebraic instructions that are supposed to set both the CA and CA32
bits of XER when running on a system that is compliant with POWER ISA
v3.0 independent of whether the system is executing in 32-bit mode or
64-bit mode. The following instructions are affected:
* Shift Right Algebraic Word Immediate (srawi[.])
* Shift Right Algebraic Word (sraw[.])
* Shift Right Algebraic Doubleword Immediate (sradi[.])
* Shift Right Algebraic Doubleword (srad[.])
Fixes: 0016a4cf55 ("powerpc: Emulate most Book I instructions in emulate_step()")
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
There are existing fixed-point arithmetic instructions that always set the
CA bit of XER to reflect the carry out of bit 0 in 64-bit mode and out of
bit 32 in 32-bit mode. In ISA v3.0, these instructions also always set the
CA32 bit of XER to reflect the carry out of bit 32.
This fixes the emulated behaviour of such instructions when running on a
system that is compliant with POWER ISA v3.0. The following instructions
are affected:
* Add Immediate Carrying (addic)
* Add Immediate Carrying and Record (addic.)
* Subtract From Immediate Carrying (subfic)
* Add Carrying (addc[.])
* Subtract From Carrying (subfc[.])
* Add Extended (adde[.])
* Subtract From Extended (subfe[.])
* Add to Minus One Extended (addme[.])
* Subtract From Minus One Extended (subfme[.])
* Add to Zero Extended (addze[.])
* Subtract From Zero Extended (subfze[.])
Fixes: 0016a4cf55 ("powerpc: Emulate most Book I instructions in emulate_step()")
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds definitions for the OV32 and CA32 bits of XER that
were introduced in POWER ISA v3.0. There are some existing
instructions that currently set the OV and CA bits based on
certain conditions.
The emulation behaviour of all these instructions needs to
be updated to set these new bits accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
mullw should do a 32 bit signed multiply and create a 64 bit signed
result. It currently truncates the result to 32 bits.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
mcrf broke when we changed analyse_instr() to not modify the register
state. The instruction writes to the CR, so we need to store the result
in op->ccval, not op->val.
Fixes: 3cdfcbfd32 ("powerpc: Change analyse_instr so it doesn't modify *regs")
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
set_cr0() broke when we changed analyse_instr() to not modify the
register state. Instead of looking at regs->gpr[x] which has not
been updated yet, we need to look at op->val.
Fixes: 3cdfcbfd32 ("powerpc: Change analyse_instr so it doesn't modify *regs")
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Commit 350779a29f ("powerpc: Handle most loads and stores in
instruction emulation code", 2017-08-30) changed the register usage
in get_vr and put_vr with the aim of leaving the register number in
r3 untouched on return. Unfortunately, r6 was not a good choice, as
the callers as of 350779a29f store a MSR value in r6. Then, in
commit c22435a5f3 ("powerpc: Emulate FP/vector/VSX loads/stores
correctly when regs not live", 2017-08-30), the saving and restoring
of the MSR got moved into get_vr and put_vr. Either way, the effect
is that we put a value in MSR that only has the 0x3f8 bits non-zero,
meaning that we are switching to 32-bit mode. That leads to a crash
like this:
Unable to handle kernel paging request for instruction fetch
Faulting instruction address: 0x0007bea0
Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#12]
LE SMP NR_CPUS=2048 NUMA PowerNV
Modules linked in: vmx_crypto binfmt_misc ip_tables x_tables autofs4 crc32c_vpmsum
CPU: 6 PID: 32659 Comm: trashy_testcase Tainted: G D 4.13.0-rc2-00313-gf3026f57e6ed-dirty #23
task: c000000f1bb9e780 task.stack: c000000f1ba98000
NIP: 000000000007bea0 LR: c00000000007b054 CTR: c00000000007be70
REGS: c000000f1ba9b960 TRAP: 0400 Tainted: G D (4.13.0-rc2-00313-gf3026f57e6ed-dirty)
MSR: 10000000400010a1 <HV,ME,IR,LE> CR: 48000228 XER: 00000000
CFAR: c00000000007be74 SOFTE: 1
GPR00: c00000000007b054 c000000f1ba9bbe0 c000000000e6e000 000000000000001d
GPR04: c000000f1ba9bc00 c00000000007be70 00000000000000e8 9000000002009033
GPR08: 0000000002000000 100000000282f033 000000000b0a0900 0000000000001009
GPR12: 0000000000000000 c00000000fd42100 0706050303020100 a5a5a5a5a5a5a5a5
GPR16: 2e2e2e2e2e2de70c 2e2e2e2e2e2e2e2d 0000000000ff00ff 0606040202020000
GPR20: 000000000000005b ffffffffffffffff 0000000003020100 0000000000000000
GPR24: c000000f1ab90020 c000000f1ba9bc00 0000000000000001 0000000000000001
GPR28: c000000f1ba9bc90 c000000f1ba9bea0 000000000b0a0908 0000000000000001
NIP [000000000007bea0] 0x7bea0
LR [c00000000007b054] emulate_loadstore+0x1044/0x1280
Call Trace:
[c000000f1ba9bbe0] [c000000000076b80] analyse_instr+0x60/0x34f0 (unreliable)
[c000000f1ba9bc70] [c00000000007b7ec] emulate_step+0x23c/0x544
[c000000f1ba9bce0] [c000000000053424] arch_uprobe_skip_sstep+0x24/0x40
[c000000f1ba9bd00] [c00000000024b2f8] uprobe_notify_resume+0x598/0xba0
[c000000f1ba9be00] [c00000000001c284] do_notify_resume+0xd4/0xf0
[c000000f1ba9be30] [c00000000000bd44] ret_from_except_lite+0x70/0x74
Instruction dump:
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
---[ end trace a7ae7a7f3e0256b5 ]---
To fix this, we just revert to using r3 as before, since the callers
don't rely on r3 being left unmodified.
Fortunately, this can't be triggered by a misaligned load or store,
because vector loads and stores truncate misaligned addresses rather
than taking an alignment interrupt. It can be triggered using
uprobes.
Fixes: 350779a29f ("powerpc: Handle most loads and stores in instruction emulation code")
Reported-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Tested-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Older compilers think val may be used uninitialized:
arch/powerpc/lib/sstep.c: In function 'emulate_loadstore':
arch/powerpc/lib/sstep.c:2758:23: error: 'val' may be used uninitialized in this function
We know better, but initialise val to 0 to avoid breaking the build.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
memset() is patched after initialisation to activate the
optimised part which uses cache instructions.
Today we have a 'b 2f' to skip the optimised patch, which then gets
replaced by a NOP, implying a useless cycle consumption.
As we have a 'bne 2f' just before, we could use that instruction
for the live patching, hence removing the need to have a
dedicated 'b 2f' to be replaced by a NOP.
This patch changes the 'bne 2f' by a 'b 2f'. During init, that
'b 2f' is then replaced by 'bne 2f'
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
There is no need to extend the set value to an int when the length
is lower than 4 as in that case we only do byte stores.
We can therefore immediately branch to the part handling it.
By separating it from the normal case, we are able to eliminate
a few actions on the destination pointer.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Commit 9445aa1a30 ("ppc: move exports to definitions")
added EXPORT_SYMBOL() for memset() and flush_hash_pages() in
the middle of the functions.
This patch moves them at the end of the two functions.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Commit 694fc88ce2 ("powerpc/string: Implement optimized
memset variants") added memset16(), memset32() and memset64()
for the 64 bits PPC.
On 32 bits, memset64() is not relevant, and as shown below,
the generic version of memset32() gives a good code, so only
memset16() is candidate for an optimised version.
000009c0 <memset32>:
9c0: 2c 05 00 00 cmpwi r5,0
9c4: 39 23 ff fc addi r9,r3,-4
9c8: 4d 82 00 20 beqlr
9cc: 7c a9 03 a6 mtctr r5
9d0: 94 89 00 04 stwu r4,4(r9)
9d4: 42 00 ff fc bdnz 9d0 <memset32+0x10>
9d8: 4e 80 00 20 blr
The last part of memset() handling the not 4-bytes multiples
operates on bytes, making it unsuitable for handling word without
modification. As it would increase memset() complexity, it is
better to implement memset16() from scratch. In addition it
has the advantage of allowing a more optimised memset16() than what
we would have by using the memset() function.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Michael Ellerman reported that emulate_loadstore() was trying to
access element 32 of regs->gpr[], which doesn't exist, when
emulating a string store instruction. This is because the string
load and store instructions (lswi, lswx, stswi and stswx) are
defined to wrap around from register 31 to register 0 if the number
of bytes being loaded or stored is sufficiently large. This wrapping
was not implemented in the emulation code. To fix it, we mask the
register number after incrementing it.
Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Fixes: c9f6f4ed95 ("powerpc: Implement emulation of string loads and stores")
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds emulation for the lfiwax, lfiwzx and stfiwx instructions.
This necessitated adding a new flag to indicate whether a floating
point or an integer conversion was needed for LOAD_FP and STORE_FP,
so this moves the size field in op->type up 4 bits.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This replaces almost all of the instruction emulation code in
fix_alignment() with calls to analyse_instr(), emulate_loadstore()
and emulate_dcbz(). The only emulation code left is the SPE
emulation code; analyse_instr() etc. do not handle SPE instructions
at present.
One result of this is that we can now handle alignment faults on
all the new VSX load and store instructions that were added in POWER9.
VSX loads/stores will take alignment faults for unaligned accesses
to cache-inhibited memory.
Another effect is that we no longer rely on the DAR and DSISR values
set by the processor.
With this, we now need to include the instruction emulation code
unconditionally.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This moves the parts of emulate_step() that deal with emulating
load and store instructions into a new function called
emulate_loadstore(). This is to make it possible to reuse this
code in the alignment handler.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds code to the load and store emulation code to byte-swap
the data appropriately when the process being emulated is set to
the opposite endianness to that of the kernel.
This also enables the emulation for the multiple-register loads
and stores (lmw, stmw, lswi, stswi, lswx, stswx) to work for
little-endian. In little-endian mode, the partial word at the
end of a transfer for lsw*/stsw* (when the byte count is not a
multiple of 4) is loaded/stored at the least-significant end of
the register. Additionally, this fixes a bug in the previous
code in that it could call read_mem/write_mem with a byte count
that was not 1, 2, 4 or 8.
Note that this only works correctly on processors with "true"
little-endian mode, such as IBM POWER processors from POWER6 on, not
the so-called "PowerPC" little-endian mode that uses address swizzling
as implemented on the old 32-bit 603, 604, 740/750, 74xx CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds code to the instruction emulation code to set regs->dar
to the address of any memory access that fails. This address is
not necessarily the same as the effective address of the instruction,
because if the memory access is unaligned, it might cross a page
boundary and fault on the second page.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds code to analyse_instr() and emulate_step() to understand the
dcbz (data cache block zero) instruction. The emulate_dcbz() function
is made public so it can be used by the alignment handler in future.
(The apparently unnecessary cropping of the address to 32 bits is
there because it will be needed in that situation.)
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds lfdp[x] and stfdp[x] to the set of instructions that
analyse_instr() and emulate_step() understand.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds code to analyse_instr() and emulate_step() to handle the
vector element loads and stores:
lvebx, lvehx, lvewx, stvebx, stvehx, stvewx.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
At present, the analyse_instr/emulate_step code checks for the
relevant MSR_FP/VEC/VSX bit being set when a FP/VMX/VSX load
or store is decoded, but doesn't recheck the bit before reading or
writing the relevant FP/VMX/VSX register in emulate_step().
Since we don't have preemption disabled, it is possible that we get
preempted between checking the MSR bit and doing the register access.
If that happened, then the registers would have been saved to the
thread_struct for the current process. Accesses to the CPU registers
would then potentially read stale values, or write values that would
never be seen by the user process.
Another way that the registers can become non-live is if a page
fault occurs when accessing user memory, and the page fault code
calls a copy routine that wants to use the VMX or VSX registers.
To fix this, the code for all the FP/VMX/VSX loads gets restructured
so that it forms an image in a local variable of the desired register
contents, then disables preemption, checks the MSR bit and either
sets the CPU register or writes the value to the thread struct.
Similarly, the code for stores checks the MSR bit, copies either the
CPU register or the thread struct to a local variable, then reenables
preemption and then copies the register image to memory.
If the instruction being emulated is in the kernel, then we must not
use the register values in the thread_struct. In this case, if the
relevant MSR enable bit is not set, then emulate_step refuses to
emulate the instruction.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
At the moment, emulation of loads and stores of up to 8 bytes to
unaligned addresses on a little-endian system uses a sequence of
single-byte loads or stores to memory. This is rather inefficient,
and the code is hard to follow because it has many ifdefs.
In addition, the Power ISA has requirements on how unaligned accesses
are performed, which are not met by doing all accesses as
sequences of single-byte accesses.
Emulation of VSX loads and stores uses __copy_{to,from}_user,
which means the emulation code has no control on the size of
accesses.
To simplify this, we add new copy_mem_in() and copy_mem_out()
functions for accessing memory. These use a sequence of the largest
possible aligned accesses, up to 8 bytes (or 4 on 32-bit systems),
to copy memory between a local buffer and user memory. We then
rewrite {read,write}_mem_unaligned and the VSX load/store
emulation using these new functions.
These new functions also simplify the code in do_fp_load() and
do_fp_store() for the unaligned cases.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The addpcis instruction puts the sum of the next instruction address
plus a constant into a register. Since the result depends on the
address of the instruction, it will give an incorrect result if it
is single-stepped out of line, which is what the *probes subsystem
will currently do if a probe is placed on an addpcis instruction.
This fixes the problem by adding emulation of it to analyse_instr().
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The architecture shows the least-significant bit of the instruction
word as reserved for the popcnt[bwd], prty[wd] and bpermd
instructions, that is, these instructions never update CR0.
Therefore this changes the emulation of these instructions to
skip the CR0 update.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The case added for the isel instruction was added inside a switch
statement which uses the 10-bit minor opcode field in the 0x7fe
bits of the instruction word. However, for the isel instruction,
the minor opcode field is only the 0x3e bits, and the 0x7c0 bits
are used for the "BC" field, which indicates which CR bit to use
to select the result.
Therefore, for the isel emulation to work correctly when BC != 0,
we need to match on ((instr >> 1) & 0x1f) == 15). To do this, we
pull the isel case out of the switch statement and put it in an
if statement of its own.
Fixes: e27f71e5ff ("powerpc/lib/sstep: Add isel instruction emulation")
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
When a 64-bit processor is executing in 32-bit mode, the update forms
of load and store instructions are required by the architecture to
write the full 64-bit effective address into the RA register, though
only the bottom 32 bits are used to address memory. Currently,
the instruction emulation code writes the truncated address to the
RA register. This fixes it by keeping the full 64-bit EA in the
instruction_op structure, truncating the address in emulate_step()
where it is used to address memory, rather than in the address
computations in analyse_instr().
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This extends the instruction emulation infrastructure in sstep.c to
handle all the load and store instructions defined in the Power ISA
v3.0, except for the atomic memory operations, ldmx (which was never
implemented), lfdp/stfdp, and the vector element load/stores.
The instructions added are:
Integer loads and stores: lbarx, lharx, lqarx, stbcx., sthcx., stqcx.,
lq, stq.
VSX loads and stores: lxsiwzx, lxsiwax, stxsiwx, lxvx, lxvl, lxvll,
lxvdsx, lxvwsx, stxvx, stxvl, stxvll, lxsspx, lxsdx, stxsspx, stxsdx,
lxvw4x, lxsibzx, lxvh8x, lxsihzx, lxvb16x, stxvw4x, stxsibx, stxvh8x,
stxsihx, stxvb16x, lxsd, lxssp, lxv, stxsd, stxssp, stxv.
These instructions are handled both in the analyse_instr phase and in
the emulate_step phase.
The code for lxvd2ux and stxvd2ux has been taken out, as those
instructions were never implemented in any processor and have been
taken out of the architecture, and their opcodes have been reused for
other instructions in POWER9 (lxvb16x and stxvb16x).
The emulation for the VSX loads and stores uses helper functions
which don't access registers or memory directly, which can hopefully
be reused by KVM later.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This removes the checks for the FP/VMX/VSX enable bits in the MSR
from analyse_instr() and adds them to emulate_step() instead.
The reason for this is that we may want to use analyse_instr() in
a situation where the FP/VMX/VSX register values are stored in the
current thread_struct and the FP/VMX/VSX enable bits in the MSR
image in the pt_regs are zero. Since analyse_instr() doesn't make
any changes to register state, it is reasonable for it to indicate
what the effect of an instruction would be even though the relevant
enable bit is off.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The analyse_instr function currently doesn't just work out what an
instruction does, it also executes those instructions whose effect
is only to update CPU registers that are stored in struct pt_regs.
This is undesirable because optprobes uses analyse_instr to work out
if an instruction could be successfully emulated in future.
This changes analyse_instr so it doesn't modify *regs; instead it
stores information in the instruction_op structure to indicate what
registers (GPRs, CR, XER, LR) would be set and what value they would
be set to. A companion function called emulate_update_regs() can
then use that information to update a pt_regs struct appropriately.
As a minor cleanup, this replaces inline asm using the cntlzw and
cntlzd instructions with calls to __builtin_clz() and __builtin_clzl().
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Based on Matthew Wilcox's patches for other architectures.
Signed-off-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds emulation for the isel instruction.
Tested for correctness against the isel instruction and its extended
mnemonics (lt, gt, eq) on ppc64le.
Signed-off-by: Matt Brown <matthew.brown.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cyril Bur <cyrilbur@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds emulation for the prtyw and prtyd instructions.
Tested for logical correctness against the prtyw and prtyd instructions
on ppc64le.
Signed-off-by: Matt Brown <matthew.brown.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cyril Bur <cyrilbur@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds emulation for the bpermd instruction.
Tested for correctness against the bpermd instruction on ppc64le.
Signed-off-by: Matt Brown <matthew.brown.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cyril Bur <cyrilbur@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This adds emulations for the popcntb, popcntw, and popcntd instructions.
Tested for correctness against the popcnt{b,w,d} instructions on ppc64le.
Signed-off-by: Matt Brown <matthew.brown.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cyril Bur <cyrilbur@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This patch adds emulation of the cmpb instruction, enabling xmon to
emulate this instruction.
Tested for correctness against the cmpb asm instruction on ppc64le.
Signed-off-by: Matt Brown <matthew.brown.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cyril Bur <cyrilbur@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
binutils >= 2.26 now warns about misuse of register expressions in
assembler operands that are actually literals, for example:
arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.S:535: Warning: invalid register expression
In practice these are almost all uses of r0 that should just be a
literal 0.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
[mpe: Mention r0 is almost always the culprit, fold in purgatory change]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Nothing that really stands out, just a bunch of fixes that have come in in the
last couple of weeks.
None of these are actually fixes for code that is new in 4.13. It's roughly half
older bugs, with fixes going to stable, and half fixes/updates for Power9.
Thanks to:
Aneesh Kumar K.V, Anton Blanchard, Balbir Singh, Benjamin Herrenschmidt,
Madhavan Srinivasan, Michael Neuling, Nicholas Piggin, Oliver O'Halloran.
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Merge tag 'powerpc-4.13-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
Pull powerpc fixes from Michael Ellerman:
"Nothing that really stands out, just a bunch of fixes that have come
in in the last couple of weeks.
None of these are actually fixes for code that is new in 4.13. It's
roughly half older bugs, with fixes going to stable, and half
fixes/updates for Power9.
Thanks to: Aneesh Kumar K.V, Anton Blanchard, Balbir Singh, Benjamin
Herrenschmidt, Madhavan Srinivasan, Michael Neuling, Nicholas Piggin,
Oliver O'Halloran"
* tag 'powerpc-4.13-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
powerpc/64: Fix atomic64_inc_not_zero() to return an int
powerpc: Fix emulation of mfocrf in emulate_step()
powerpc: Fix emulation of mcrf in emulate_step()
powerpc/perf: Add POWER9 alternate PM_RUN_CYC and PM_RUN_INST_CMPL events
powerpc/perf: Fix SDAR_MODE value for continous sampling on Power9
powerpc/asm: Mark cr0 as clobbered in mftb()
powerpc/powernv: Fix local TLB flush for boot and MCE on POWER9
powerpc/mm/radix: Synchronize updates to the process table
powerpc/mm/radix: Properly clear process table entry
powerpc/powernv: Tell OPAL about our MMU mode on POWER9
powerpc/kexec: Fix radix to hash kexec due to IAMR/AMOR
Testing the fortified string functions[1] would cause a kernel panic on
boot in test_feature_fixups() due to a buffer overflow in memcmp.
This boils down to things like this:
extern unsigned int ftr_fixup_test1;
extern unsigned int ftr_fixup_test1_orig;
check(memcmp(&ftr_fixup_test1, &ftr_fixup_test1_orig, size) == 0);
We know that these are asm labels so it is safe to read up to 'size'
bytes at those addresses.
However, because we have passed the address of a single unsigned int to
memcmp, the compiler believes the underlying object is in fact a single
unsigned int. So if size > sizeof(unsigned int), there will be a panic
at runtime.
We can fix this by changing the types: instead of calling the asm labels
unsigned ints, call them unsigned int[]s. Therefore the size isn't
incorrectly determined at compile time and we get a regular unsafe
memcmp and no panic.
[1] http://openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2017/05/09/2
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1497903987-21002-7-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Suggested-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Tested-by: Andrew Donnellan <andrew.donnellan@au1.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Donnellan <andrew.donnellan@au1.ibm.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
From POWER4 onwards, mfocrf() only places the specified CR field into
the destination GPR, and the rest of it is set to 0. The PowerPC AS
from version 3.0 now requires this behaviour.
The emulation code currently puts the entire CR into the destination GPR.
Fix it.
Fixes: 6888199f7f ("[POWERPC] Emulate more instructions in software")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v2.6.22+
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Acked-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
