Using:
gcc (GCC) 4.5.0 20100610 (prerelease)
The following warnings appear:
fs/readdir.c: In function `filldir64':
fs/readdir.c:240:15: warning: `dirent' is used uninitialized in this function
fs/readdir.c: In function `filldir':
fs/readdir.c:155:15: warning: `dirent' is used uninitialized in this function
fs/compat.c: In function `compat_filldir64':
fs/compat.c:1071:11: warning: `dirent' is used uninitialized in this function
fs/compat.c: In function `compat_filldir':
fs/compat.c:984:15: warning: `dirent' is used uninitialized in this function
The warnings are related to the use of the NAME_OFFSET() macro. Luckily,
it appears as though the standard offsetof() macro is what is being
implemented by NAME_OFFSET(), thus we can fix the warning and use a more
standard code construct at the same time.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Winchester <kjwinchester@gmail.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add more information about patch descriptions.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are no more uses of NIPQUAD or NIPQUAD_FMT. Remove the definitions.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Removal of these started in 2.3.43pre3, ca. 10 years ago.
Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We should use the __same_type() helper in __must_be_array().
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The asm-generic/iomap.h provides these functions already, but the
non-generic fallback defines do not.
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
PROC_MM doesn't exist in Kconfig. Looking around it looks like a
left-over from 2.6.0 or even 2.4 times, last mentioned in a fedora patch
for 2.6.10. I believe it's time to get rid of that last tiny parts here
that are still around.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Egger <siccegge@cs.fau.de>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On some SoC chips, HW resources may be in use during any particular idle
period. As a consequence, the cpuidle states that the SoC is safe to
enter can change from idle period to idle period. In addition, the
latency and threshold of each cpuidle state can vary, depending on the
operating condition when the CPU becomes idle, e.g. the current cpu
frequency, the current state of the HW blocks, etc.
cpuidle core and the menu governor, in the current form, are geared
towards cpuidle states that are static, i.e. the availabiltiy of the
states, their latencies, their thresholds are non-changing during run
time. cpuidle does not provide any hook that cpuidle drivers can use to
adjust those values on the fly for the current idle period before the menu
governor selects the target cpuidle state.
This patch extends cpuidle core and the menu governor to handle states
that are dynamic. There are three additions in the patch and the patch
maintains backwards-compatibility with existing cpuidle drivers.
1) add prepare() to struct cpuidle_device. A cpuidle driver can hook
into the callback and cpuidle will call prepare() before calling the
governor's select function. The callback gives the cpuidle driver a
chance to update the dynamic information of the cpuidle states for the
current idle period, e.g. state availability, latencies, thresholds,
power values, etc.
2) add CPUIDLE_FLAG_IGNORE as one of the state flags. In the prepare()
function, a cpuidle driver can set/clear the flag to indicate to the
menu governor whether a cpuidle state should be ignored, i.e. not
available, during the current idle period.
3) add power_specified bit to struct cpuidle_device. The menu governor
currently assumes that the cpuidle states are arranged in the order of
increasing latency, threshold, and power savings. This is true or can
be made true for static states. Once the state parameters are dynamic,
the latencies, thresholds, and power savings for the cpuidle states can
increase or decrease by different amounts from idle period to idle
period. So the assumption of increasing latency, threshold, and power
savings from Cn to C(n+1) can no longer be guaranteed.
It can be straightforward to calculate the power consumption of each
available state and to specify it in power_usage for the idle period.
Using the power_usage fields, the menu governor then selects the state
that has the lowest power consumption and that still satisfies all other
critieria. The power_specified bit defaults to 0. For existing cpuidle
drivers, cpuidle detects that power_specified is 0 and fills in a dummy
set of power_usage values.
Signed-off-by: Ai Li <aili@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When taking a memory snapshot in hibernate_snapshot(), all (directly
called) memory allocations use GFP_ATOMIC. Hence swap misusage during
hibernation never occurs.
But from a pessimistic point of view, there is no guarantee that no page
allcation has __GFP_WAIT. It is better to have a global indication "we
enter hibernation, don't use swap!".
This patch tries to freeze new-swap-allocation during hibernation. (All
user processes are frozenm so swapin is not a concern).
This way, no updates will happen to swap_map[] between
hibernate_snapshot() and save_image(). Swap is thawed when swsusp_free()
is called. We can be assured that swap corruption will not occur.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ondrej Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since 2.6.31, swap_map[]'s refcounting was changed to show that a used
swap entry is just for swap-cache, can be reused. Then, while scanning
free entry in swap_map[], a swap entry may be able to be reclaimed and
reused. It was caused by commit c9e444103b ("mm: reuse unused swap
entry if necessary").
But this caused deta corruption at resume. The scenario is
- Assume a clean-swap cache, but mapped.
- at hibernation_snapshot[], clean-swap-cache is saved as
clean-swap-cache and swap_map[] is marked as SWAP_HAS_CACHE.
- then, save_image() is called. And reuse SWAP_HAS_CACHE entry to save
image, and break the contents.
After resume:
- the memory reclaim runs and finds clean-not-referenced-swap-cache and
discards it because it's marked as clean. But here, the contents on
disk and swap-cache is inconsistent.
Hance memory is corrupted.
This patch avoids the bug by not reclaiming swap-entry during hibernation.
This is a quick fix for backporting.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Reported-by: Ondreg Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org>
Tested-by: Ondreg Zary <linux@rainbow-software.org>
Tested-by: Andrea Gelmini <andrea.gelmini@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This implements hardware performance events for the EV67 and later CPUs
within the Linux performance events subsystem. Only using the performance
monitoring unit in HP/Compaq's so called "Aggregrate mode" is supported.
The code has been implemented in a manner that makes extension to other
older Alpha CPUs relatively straightforward should some mug wish to
indulge themselves.
Signed-off-by: Michael Cree <mcree@orcon.net.nz>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Jay Estabrook <jay.estabrook@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Cree <mcree@orcon.net.nz>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Jay Estabrook <jay.estabrook@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The following patches implement hardware performance events for the Alpha
EV67 and later CPUs. I have had this running on a Compaq XP1000 (EV67,
single CPU) for a few days now. Pretty cool -- discovered that the glibc
exp2() library routine uses on average 985 cycles to execute 777 CPU
instructions whereas Compaq's CPML library version of exp2() uses on
average 32 cycles to execute 47 CPU instructions to achieve the same
thing!
This patch:
Add performance monitor interrupt counternd and export the count to user
space via /proc/interrupts.
Signed-off-by: Michael Cree <mcree@orcon.net.nz>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Jay Estabrook <jay.estabrook@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
WB_SYNC_NONE writeback is done in rounds of 1024 pages so that we don't
write out some huge inode for too long while starving writeout of other
inodes. To avoid livelocks, we record time we started writeback in
wbc->wb_start and do not write out inodes which were dirtied after this
time. But currently, writeback_inodes_wb() resets wb_start each time it
is called thus effectively invalidating this logic and making any
WB_SYNC_NONE writeback prone to livelocks.
This patch makes sure wb_start is set only once when we start writeback.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use compile-allocated memory instead of dynamic allocated memory for
mm_slots_hash.
Use hash_ptr() instead divisions for bucket calculation.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix "system goes unresponsive under memory pressure and lots of
dirty/writeback pages" bug.
http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/4/4/86
In the above thread, Andreas Mohr described that
Invoking any command locked up for minutes (note that I'm
talking about attempted additional I/O to the _other_,
_unaffected_ main system HDD - such as loading some shell
binaries -, NOT the external SSD18M!!).
This happens when the two conditions are both meet:
- under memory pressure
- writing heavily to a slow device
OOM also happens in Andreas' system. The OOM trace shows that 3 processes
are stuck in wait_on_page_writeback() in the direct reclaim path. One in
do_fork() and the other two in unix_stream_sendmsg(). They are blocked on
this condition:
(sc->order && priority < DEF_PRIORITY - 2)
which was introduced in commit 78dc583d (vmscan: low order lumpy reclaim
also should use PAGEOUT_IO_SYNC) one year ago. That condition may be too
permissive. In Andreas' case, 512MB/1024 = 512KB. If the direct reclaim
for the order-1 fork() allocation runs into a range of 512KB
hard-to-reclaim LRU pages, it will be stalled.
It's a severe problem in three ways.
Firstly, it can easily happen in daily desktop usage. vmscan priority can
easily go below (DEF_PRIORITY - 2) on _local_ memory pressure. Even if
the system has 50% globally reclaimable pages, it still has good
opportunity to have 0.1% sized hard-to-reclaim ranges. For example, a
simple dd can easily create a big range (up to 20%) of dirty pages in the
LRU lists. And order-1 to order-3 allocations are more than common with
SLUB. Try "grep -v '1 :' /proc/slabinfo" to get the list of high order
slab caches. For example, the order-1 radix_tree_node slab cache may
stall applications at swap-in time; the order-3 inode cache on most
filesystems may stall applications when trying to read some file; the
order-2 proc_inode_cache may stall applications when trying to open a
/proc file.
Secondly, once triggered, it will stall unrelated processes (not doing IO
at all) in the system. This "one slow USB device stalls the whole system"
avalanching effect is very bad.
Thirdly, once stalled, the stall time could be intolerable long for the
users. When there are 20MB queued writeback pages and USB 1.1 is writing
them in 1MB/s, wait_on_page_writeback() will stuck for up to 20 seconds.
Not to mention it may be called multiple times.
So raise the bar to only enable PAGEOUT_IO_SYNC when priority goes below
DEF_PRIORITY/3, or 6.25% LRU size. As the default dirty throttle ratio is
20%, it will hardly be triggered by pure dirty pages. We'd better treat
PAGEOUT_IO_SYNC as some last resort workaround -- its stall time is so
uncomfortably long (easily goes beyond 1s).
The bar is only raised for (order < PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER) allocations,
which are easy to satisfy in 1TB memory boxes. So, although 6.25% of
memory could be an awful lot of pages to scan on a system with 1TB of
memory, it won't really have to busy scan that much.
Andreas tested an older version of this patch and reported that it mostly
fixed his problem. Mel Gorman helped improve it and KOSAKI Motohiro will
fix it further in the next patch.
Reported-by: Andreas Mohr <andi@lisas.de>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kmalloc() may fail, if so return -ENOMEM.
Signed-off-by: Kulikov Vasiliy <segooon@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memcg also need to trace page isolation information as global reclaim.
This patch does it.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman recently added some vmscan tracepoints. Unfortunately they are
covered only global reclaim. But we want to trace memcg reclaim too.
Thus, this patch convert them to DEFINE_TRACE macro. it help to reuse
tracepoint definition for other similar usage (i.e. memcg). This patch
have no functionally change.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memcg also need to trace reclaim progress as direct reclaim. This patch
add it.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman recently added some vmscan tracepoints. Unfortunately they are
covered only global reclaim. But we want to trace memcg reclaim too.
Thus, this patch convert them to DEFINE_TRACE macro. it help to reuse
tracepoint definition for other similar usage (i.e. memcg). This patch
have no functionally change.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Presently shrink_slab() has the following scanning equation.
lru_scanned max_pass
basic_scan_objects = 4 x ------------- x -----------------------------
lru_pages shrinker->seeks (default:2)
scan_objects = min(basic_scan_objects, max_pass * 2)
If we pass very small value as lru_pages instead real number of lru pages,
shrink_slab() drop much objects rather than necessary. And now,
__zone_reclaim() pass 'order' as lru_pages by mistake. That produces a
bad result.
For example, if we receive very low memory pressure (scan = 32, order =
0), shrink_slab() via zone_reclaim() always drop _all_ icache/dcache
objects. (see above equation, very small lru_pages make very big
scan_objects result).
This patch fixes it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix layout, typos]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is not appropriate for apply_to_page_range() to directly call any mmu
notifiers, because it is a general purpose function whose effect depends
on what context it is called in and what the callback function does.
In particular, if it is being used as part of an mmu notifier
implementation, the recursive calls can be particularly problematic.
It is up to apply_to_page_range's caller to do any notifier calls if
necessary. It does not affect any in-tree users because they all operate
on init_mm, and mmu notifiers only pertain to usermode mappings.
[stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com: remove unused local `start']
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rik van Riel pointed out reading reclaim_stat should be protected
lru_lock, otherwise vmscan might sweep 2x much pages.
This fault was introduced by
commit 4f98a2fee8
Author: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Date: Sat Oct 18 20:26:32 2008 -0700
vmscan: split LRU lists into anon & file sets
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
'slab_reclaimable' and 'nr_pages' are unsigned. Subtraction is unsafe
because negative results would be misinterpreted.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
drivers/base/node.c: In function 'node_read_meminfo':
drivers/base/node.c:139: warning: the frame size of 848 bytes is
larger than 512 bytes
Fix it by splitting the sprintf() into three parts. It has no functional
change.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Set the flag if do_swap_page is decowing the page the same way do_wp_page
would too.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On swapin it is fairly common for a page to be owned exclusively by one
process. In that case we want to add the page to the anon_vma of that
process's VMA, instead of to the root anon_vma.
This will reduce the amount of rmap searching that the swapout code needs
to do.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
/proc/pid/oom_adj is now deprecated so that that it may eventually be
removed. The target date for removal is August 2012.
A warning will be printed to the kernel log if a task attempts to use this
interface. Future warning will be suppressed until the kernel is rebooted
to prevent spamming the kernel log.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This a complete rewrite of the oom killer's badness() heuristic which is
used to determine which task to kill in oom conditions. The goal is to
make it as simple and predictable as possible so the results are better
understood and we end up killing the task which will lead to the most
memory freeing while still respecting the fine-tuning from userspace.
Instead of basing the heuristic on mm->total_vm for each task, the task's
rss and swap space is used instead. This is a better indication of the
amount of memory that will be freeable if the oom killed task is chosen
and subsequently exits. This helps specifically in cases where KDE or
GNOME is chosen for oom kill on desktop systems instead of a memory
hogging task.
The baseline for the heuristic is a proportion of memory that each task is
currently using in memory plus swap compared to the amount of "allowable"
memory. "Allowable," in this sense, means the system-wide resources for
unconstrained oom conditions, the set of mempolicy nodes, the mems
attached to current's cpuset, or a memory controller's limit. The
proportion is given on a scale of 0 (never kill) to 1000 (always kill),
roughly meaning that if a task has a badness() score of 500 that the task
consumes approximately 50% of allowable memory resident in RAM or in swap
space.
The proportion is always relative to the amount of "allowable" memory and
not the total amount of RAM systemwide so that mempolicies and cpusets may
operate in isolation; they shall not need to know the true size of the
machine on which they are running if they are bound to a specific set of
nodes or mems, respectively.
Root tasks are given 3% extra memory just like __vm_enough_memory()
provides in LSMs. In the event of two tasks consuming similar amounts of
memory, it is generally better to save root's task.
Because of the change in the badness() heuristic's baseline, it is also
necessary to introduce a new user interface to tune it. It's not possible
to redefine the meaning of /proc/pid/oom_adj with a new scale since the
ABI cannot be changed for backward compatability. Instead, a new tunable,
/proc/pid/oom_score_adj, is added that ranges from -1000 to +1000. It may
be used to polarize the heuristic such that certain tasks are never
considered for oom kill while others may always be considered. The value
is added directly into the badness() score so a value of -500, for
example, means to discount 50% of its memory consumption in comparison to
other tasks either on the system, bound to the mempolicy, in the cpuset,
or sharing the same memory controller.
/proc/pid/oom_adj is changed so that its meaning is rescaled into the
units used by /proc/pid/oom_score_adj, and vice versa. Changing one of
these per-task tunables will rescale the value of the other to an
equivalent meaning. Although /proc/pid/oom_adj was originally defined as
a bitshift on the badness score, it now shares the same linear growth as
/proc/pid/oom_score_adj but with different granularity. This is required
so the ABI is not broken with userspace applications and allows oom_adj to
be deprecated for future removal.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Oleg pointed out current PF_EXITING check is wrong. Because PF_EXITING
is per-thread flag, not per-process flag. He said,
Two threads, group-leader L and its sub-thread T. T dumps the code.
In this case both threads have ->mm != NULL, L has PF_EXITING.
The first problem is, select_bad_process() always return -1 in this
case (even if the caller is T, this doesn't matter).
The second problem is that we should add TIF_MEMDIE to T, not L.
I think we can remove this dubious PF_EXITING check. but as first step,
This patch add the protection of multi threaded issue.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In a system under heavy load it was observed that even after the
oom-killer selects a task to die, the task may take a long time to die.
Right after sending a SIGKILL to the task selected by the oom-killer this
task has its priority increased so that it can exit() soon, freeing
memory. That is accomplished by:
/*
* We give our sacrificial lamb high priority and access to
* all the memory it needs. That way it should be able to
* exit() and clear out its resources quickly...
*/
p->rt.time_slice = HZ;
set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_MEMDIE);
It sounds plausible giving the dying task an even higher priority to be
sure it will be scheduled sooner and free the desired memory. It was
suggested on LKML using SCHED_FIFO:1, the lowest RT priority so that this
task won't interfere with any running RT task.
If the dying task is already an RT task, leave it untouched. Another good
suggestion, implemented here, was to avoid boosting the dying task
priority in case of mem_cgroup OOM.
Signed-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lclaudio@uudg.org>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current "child->mm == p->mm" check prevents selection of vfork()ed
task. But we don't have any reason to don't consider vfork().
Removed.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
presently has_intersects_mems_allowed() has own thread iterate logic, but
it should use while_each_thread().
It slightly improve the code readability.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Presently if oom_kill_allocating_task is enabled and current have
OOM_DISABLED, following printk in oom_kill_process is called twice.
pr_err("%s: Kill process %d (%s) score %lu or sacrifice child\n",
message, task_pid_nr(p), p->comm, points);
So, OOM_DISABLE check should be more early.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
select_bad_process() and badness() have the same OOM_DISABLE check. This
patch kills one.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a kernel thread is using use_mm(), badness() returns a positive value.
This is not a big issue because caller take care of it correctly. But
there is one exception, /proc/<pid>/oom_score calls badness() directly and
doesn't care that the task is a regular process.
Another example, /proc/1/oom_score return !0 value. But it's unkillable.
This incorrectness makes administration a little confusing.
This patch fixes it.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When oom_kill_allocating_task is enabled, an argument task of
oom_kill_process is not selected by select_bad_process(), It's just
out_of_memory() caller task. It mean the task can be unkillable. check
it first.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Presently we have the same task check in two places. Unify it.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Presently select_bad_process() has a PF_KTHREAD check, but
oom_kill_process doesn't. It mean oom_kill_process() may choose wrong
task, especially, when the child are using use_mm().
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Presently, badness() doesn't care about either CPUSET nor mempolicy. Then
if the victim child process have disjoint nodemask, OOM Killer might kill
innocent process.
This patch fixes it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When shrink_inactive_list() isolates pages, it updates a number of
counters using temporary variables to gather them. These consume stack
and it's in the main path that calls ->writepage(). This patch moves the
accounting updates outside of the main path to reduce stack usage.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
shrink_page_list() sets up a pagevec to release pages as according as they
are free. It uses significant amounts of stack on the pagevec. This
patch adds pages to be freed via pagevec to a linked list which is then
freed en-masse at the end. This avoids using stack in the main path that
potentially calls writepage().
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
shrink_inactive_list() sets up a pagevec to release unfreeable pages. It
uses significant amounts of stack doing this. This patch splits
shrink_inactive_list() to take the stack usage out of the main path so
that callers to writepage() do not contain an unused pagevec on the stack.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove temporary variable that is only used once and does not help clarify
code.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, max_scan of shrink_inactive_list() is always passed less than
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX. then, we can remove scanning pages loop in it. This
patch also help stack diet.
detail
- remove "while (nr_scanned < max_scan)" loop
- remove nr_freed (now, we use nr_reclaimed directly)
- remove nr_scan (now, we use nr_scanned directly)
- rename max_scan to nr_to_scan
- pass nr_to_scan into isolate_pages() directly instead
using SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since 2.6.28 zone->prev_priority is unused. Then it can be removed
safely. It reduce stack usage slightly.
Now I have to say that I'm sorry. 2 years ago, I thought prev_priority
can be integrate again, it's useful. but four (or more) times trying
haven't got good performance number. Thus I give up such approach.
The rest of this changelog is notes on prev_priority and why it existed in
the first place and why it might be not necessary any more. This information
is based heavily on discussions between Andrew Morton, Rik van Riel and
Kosaki Motohiro who is heavily quotes from.
Historically prev_priority was important because it determined when the VM
would start unmapping PTE pages. i.e. there are no balances of note within
the VM, Anon vs File and Mapped vs Unmapped. Without prev_priority, there
is a potential risk of unnecessarily increasing minor faults as a large
amount of read activity of use-once pages could push mapped pages to the
end of the LRU and get unmapped.
There is no proof this is still a problem but currently it is not considered
to be. Active files are not deactivated if the active file list is smaller
than the inactive list reducing the liklihood that file-mapped pages are
being pushed off the LRU and referenced executable pages are kept on the
active list to avoid them getting pushed out by read activity.
Even if it is a problem, prev_priority prev_priority wouldn't works
nowadays. First of all, current vmscan still a lot of UP centric code. it
expose some weakness on some dozens CPUs machine. I think we need more and
more improvement.
The problem is, current vmscan mix up per-system-pressure, per-zone-pressure
and per-task-pressure a bit. example, prev_priority try to boost priority to
other concurrent priority. but if the another task have mempolicy restriction,
it is unnecessary, but also makes wrong big latency and exceeding reclaim.
per-task based priority + prev_priority adjustment make the emulation of
per-system pressure. but it have two issue 1) too rough and brutal emulation
2) we need per-zone pressure, not per-system.
Another example, currently DEF_PRIORITY is 12. it mean the lru rotate about
2 cycle (1/4096 + 1/2048 + 1/1024 + .. + 1) before invoking OOM-Killer.
but if 10,0000 thrreads enter DEF_PRIORITY reclaim at the same time, the
system have higher memory pressure than priority==0 (1/4096*10,000 > 2).
prev_priority can't solve such multithreads workload issue. In other word,
prev_priority concept assume the sysmtem don't have lots threads."
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
