This compile error triggers on Sparc64:
kernel/sched.c:7140: error: 'cpu_coregroup_mask' undeclared here (not in a function)
Because after the recent scheduler domain cleanups the scheduler
uses this arch method as a function pointer in a scheduler
topology data structure - which is not possible with a macro.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110412140040.3020ef55.sfr@canb.auug.org.au
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Remove the SD_LV_ enum and use dynamic level assignments.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.969433965@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to remove the last dependency on the statid domain levels,
move the sd_data storage into the topology structure.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.924926412@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to get rid of static sched_domain::level assignments, reverse
the topology iteration.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.876506131@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since all the __build_$DOM_sched_domain() functions do pretty much the
same thing, unify them.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.826347257@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to make the topology contruction fully dynamic, remove the
still hard-coded list of possible domains and stick them in a
data-structure.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.770335383@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to unify the sched domain creation more, create proper
cpu_$DOM_mask() functions for those domains that didn't already have
one.
Use the sched_domains_tmpmask for the weird NUMA domain span.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.717702108@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since we're all serialized by sched_domains_mutex we can use
sched_domains_tmpmask and avoid having to do allocations. This means
we can use sched_domains_debug() for cpu_attach_domain() again.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.664347467@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since sched domain creation is fully serialized by the
sched_domains_mutex we can create a single persistent tmpmask to use
during domain creation.
This removes the need for s_data::send_covered.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.607287405@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
There's only one nodemask user left so remove it with a direct
computation and save some memory and reduce some code-flow
complexity.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.505608966@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Don't treat ALLNODES/NODE different for difference's sake. Simply
always create the ALLNODES domain and let the sd_degenerate() checks
kill it when its redundant. This simplifies the code flow.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.455464579@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since we now allocate SD_LV_MAX * nr_cpu_ids sched_domain/sched_group
structures when rebuilding the scheduler toplogy it might make sense
to shrink that depending on the CONFIG_ options.
This is only needed until we get rid of SD_LV_* alltogether and
provide a full dynamic topology interface.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.406226449@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Don't use sd->level for identifying properties of the domain.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.350174079@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
If we check the root_domain reference count we can see if its been
used or not, use this observation to simplify some of the return
paths.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.298339503@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Instead of relying on static allocations for the sched_domain and
sched_group trees, dynamically allocate and RCU free them.
Allocating this dynamically also allows for some build_sched_groups()
simplification since we can now (like with other simplifications) rely
on the sched_domain tree instead of hard-coded knowledge.
One tricky to note is that detach_destroy_domains() needs to hold
rcu_read_lock() over the entire tear-down, per-cpu is not sufficient
since that can lead to partial sched_group existance (could possibly
be solved by doing the tear-down backwards but this is much more
robust).
A concequence of the above is that we can no longer print the
sched_domain debug stuff from cpu_attach_domain() since that might now
run with preemption disabled (due to classic RCU etc.) and
sched_domain_debug() does some GFP_KERNEL allocations.
Another thing to note is that we now fully rely on normal RCU and not
RCU-sched, this is because with the new and exiting RCU flavours we
grew over the years BH doesn't necessarily hold off RCU-sched grace
periods (-rt is known to break this). This would in fact already cause
us grief since we do sched_domain/sched_group iterations from softirq
context.
This patch is somewhat larger than I would like it to be, but I didn't
find any means of shrinking/splitting this.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.245307941@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Again, instead of relying on knowing the possible domains and their
order, simply rely on the sched_domain tree and whatever domains are
present in there to initialize the sched_group cpu_power.
Note: we need to iterate the CPU mask backwards because of the
cpumask_first() condition for iterating up the tree. By iterating the
mask backwards we ensure all groups of a domain are set-up before
starting on the parent groups that rely on its children to be
completely done.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.187335414@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Instead of relying on knowing the build order and various CONFIG_
flags simply remember the bottom most sched_domain when we created the
domain hierarchy.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.134511046@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Instead of calling build_sched_groups() for each possible sched_domain
we might have created, note that we can simply iterate the
sched_domain tree and call it for each sched_domain present.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.077862519@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The NODE sched_domain is 'special' in that it allocates sched_groups
per CPU, instead of sharing the sched_groups between all CPUs.
While this might have some benefits on large NUMA and avoid remote
memory accesses when iterating the sched_groups, this does break
current code that assumes sched_groups are shared between all
sched_domains (since the dynamic cpu_power patches).
So refactor the NODE groups to behave like all other groups.
(The ALLNODES domain again shared its groups across the CPUs for some
reason).
If someone does measure a performance decrease due to this change we
need to revisit this and come up with another way to have both dynamic
cpu_power and NUMA work nice together.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122941.978111700@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Notice that the mask being computed is the same as the domain span we
just computed. By using the domain_span we can avoid some mask
allocations and computations.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122941.925028189@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The code in update_group_power() does what init_sched_groups_power()
does and more, so remove the special init_ code and call the generic
code instead.
Also move the sd->span_weight initialization because
update_group_power() needs it.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122941.875856012@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Non weak static functions clearly are not arch specific, so remove the
arch_ prefix.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122941.820460566@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The scheduler load balancer has specific code to deal with cases of
unbalanced system due to lots of unmovable tasks (for example because of
hard CPU affinity). In those situation, it excludes the busiest CPU that
has pinned tasks for load balance consideration such that it can perform
second 2nd load balance pass on the rest of the system.
This all works as designed if there is only one cgroup in the system.
However, when we have multiple cgroups, this logic has false positives and
triggers multiple load balance passes despite there are actually no pinned
tasks at all.
The reason it has false positives is that the all pinned logic is deep in
the lowest function of can_migrate_task() and is too low level:
load_balance_fair() iterates each task group and calls balance_tasks() to
migrate target load. Along the way, balance_tasks() will also set a
all_pinned variable. Given that task-groups are iterated, this all_pinned
variable is essentially the status of last group in the scanning process.
Task group can have number of reasons that no load being migrated, none
due to cpu affinity. However, this status bit is being propagated back up
to the higher level load_balance(), which incorrectly think that no tasks
were moved. It kick off the all pinned logic and start multiple passes
attempt to move load onto puller CPU.
To fix this, move the all_pinned aggregation up at the iterator level.
This ensures that the status is aggregated over all task-groups, not just
last one in the list.
Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/BANLkTi=ernzNawaR5tJZEsV_QVnfxqXmsQ@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In function find_busiest_group(), the sched-domain avg_load isn't
calculated at all if there is a group imbalance within the domain. This
will cause erroneous imbalance calculation.
The reason is that calculate_imbalance() sees sds->avg_load = 0 and it
will dump entire sds->max_load into imbalance variable, which is used
later on to migrate entire load from busiest CPU to the puller CPU.
This has two really bad effect:
1. stampede of task migration, and they won't be able to break out
of the bad state because of positive feedback loop: large load
delta -> heavier load migration -> larger imbalance and the cycle
goes on.
2. severe imbalance in CPU queue depth. This causes really long
scheduling latency blip which affects badly on application that
has tight latency requirement.
The fix is to have kernel calculate domain avg_load in both cases. This
will ensure that imbalance calculation is always sensible and the target
is usually half way between busiest and puller CPU.
Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110408002322.3A0D812217F@elm.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6:
ALSA: hda - Don't query connections for widgets have no connections
ALSA: HDA: Fix single internal mic on ALC275 (Sony Vaio VPCSB1C5E)
ALSA: hda - HDMI: Fix MCP7x audio infoframe checksums
ALSA: usb-audio: define another USB ID for a buggy USB MIDI cable
ALSA: HDA: Fix dock mic for Lenovo X220-tablet
ASoC: format_register_str: Don't clip register values
ASoC: PXA: Fix oops in __pxa2xx_pcm_prepare
ASoC: zylonite: set .codec_dai_name in initializer
* git://git.infradead.org/mtd-2.6:
mtd: atmel_nand: use CPU I/O when buffer is in vmalloc(ed) region
mtd: atmel_nand: modify test case for using DMA operations
mtd: atmel_nand: fix support for CPUs that do not support DMA access
mtd: atmel_nand: trivial: change DMA usage information trace
mtd: mtdswap: fix printk format warning
* 'bugfixes' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6:
NFS: Change initial mount authflavor only when server returns NFS4ERR_WRONGSEC
NFS: Fix a signed vs. unsigned secinfo bug
Revert "net/sunrpc: Use static const char arrays"
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs-2.6:
quota: Don't write quota info in dquot_commit()
ext3: Fix writepage credits computation for ordered mode
Since 1c48a5c93d (dt: Eliminate of_platform_{,un}register_driver)
mpc8xxx_wdt no longer builds as it tries to refer to a 'match' variable
rather than ofdev->dev.of_match that it checks just before.
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <jacmet@sunsite.dk>
Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Signed-off-by: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@iguana.be>
When attempting an initial mount, we should only attempt other
authflavors if AUTH_UNIX receives a NFS4ERR_WRONGSEC error.
This allows other errors to be passed back to userspace programs.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
* 'fbdev-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lethal/fbdev-2.6:
efifb: Add override for 11" Macbook Air 3,1
efifb: Support overriding fields FW tells us with the DMI data.
fb: Reduce priority of resource conflict message
savagefb: Remove obsolete else clause in savage_setup_i2c_bus
savagefb: Set up I2C based on chip family instead of card id
savagefb: Replace magic register address with define
drivers/video/bfin-lq035q1-fb.c: introduce missing kfree
video: s3c-fb: fix checkpatch errors and warning
efifb: support AMD Radeon HD 6490
s3fb: fix Virge/GX2
fbcon: Remove unused 'display *p' variable from fb_flashcursor()
fbdev: sh_mobile_lcdcfb: fix module lock acquisition
fbdev: sh_mobile_lcdcfb: add blanking support
viafb: initialize margins correct
viafb: refresh rate bug collection
sh: mach-ap325rxa: move backlight control code
sh: mach-ecovec24: support for main lcd backlight
* 'rmobile-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lethal/sh-2.6:
ARM: arch-shmobile: only run FSI init on respective boards
ARM: arch-shmobile: only run HDMI init on respective boards
ARM: mach-shmobile: Correctly check for CONFIG_MACH_MACKEREL
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86-32, fpu: Fix FPU exception handling on non-SSE systems
x86, hibernate: Initialize mmu_cr4_features during boot
x86-32, NUMA: Fix ACPI NUMA init broken by recent x86-64 change
x86: visws: Fixup irq overhaul fallout
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched: Clean up rebalance_domains() load-balance interval calculation
* 'timers-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86/mrst/vrtc: Fix boot crash in mrst_rtc_init()
rtc, x86/mrst/vrtc: Fix boot crash in rtc_read_alarm()
* 'irq-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
genirq: Fix cpumask leak in __setup_irq()
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
perf probe: Fix listing incorrect line number with inline function
perf probe: Fix to find recursively inlined function
perf probe: Fix multiple --vars options behavior
perf probe: Fix to remove redundant close
perf probe: Fix to ensure function declared file
* 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/ubifs-2.6:
UBI: do not select KALLSYMS_ALL
UBI: do not compare array with NULL
UBI: check if we are in RO mode in the erase routine
UBIFS: fix debugging failure in dbg_check_space_info
UBIFS: fix error path in dbg_debugfs_init_fs
UBIFS: unify error path dbg_debugfs_init_fs
UBIFS: do not select KALLSYMS_ALL
UBIFS: fix assertion warnings
UBIFS: fix oops on error path in read_pnode
UBIFS: do not read flash unnecessarily
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/hid:
HID: Add support for CH Pro Throttle
HID: hid-magicmouse: Increase evdev buffer size
HID: add FF support for Logitech G25/G27
HID: roccat: Add support for wireless variant of Pyra
HID: Fix typo Keyoutch -> Keytouch
HID: add support for Skycable 0x3f07 wireless presenter
Fix build failure issue for hv_mouse
When build 2.6.39-rc1 kernel, it will be blocked at build hv_mouse.
drivers/staging/hv/hv_mouse.c: In function ‘ReleaseInputDevice’:
drivers/staging/hv/hv_mouse.c:293: error: implicit declaration of function ‘udelay’
Signed-off-by: Youquan Song <youquan.song@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The normal mmap paths all avoid creating a mapping where the pgoff
inside the mapping could wrap around due to overflow. However, an
expanding mremap() can take such a non-wrapping mapping and make it
bigger and cause a wrapping condition.
Noticed by Robert Swiecki when running a system call fuzzer, where it
caused a BUG_ON() due to terminally confusing the vma_prio_tree code. A
vma dumping patch by Hugh then pinpointed the crazy wrapped case.
Reported-and-tested-by: Robert Swiecki <robert@swiecki.net>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
