This implements new vDSO for x86-64. The concept is similar
to the existing vDSOs on i386 and PPC. x86-64 has had static
vsyscalls before, but these are not flexible enough anymore.
A vDSO is a ELF shared library supplied by the kernel that is mapped into
user address space. The vDSO mapping is randomized for each process
for security reasons.
Doing this was needed for clock_gettime, because clock_gettime
always needs a syscall fallback and having one at a fixed
address would have made buffer overflow exploits too easy to write.
The vdso can be disabled with vdso=0
It currently includes a new gettimeofday implemention and optimized
clock_gettime(). The gettimeofday implementation is slightly faster
than the one in the old vsyscall. clock_gettime is significantly faster
than the syscall for CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_REALTIME.
The new calls are generally faster than the old vsyscall.
Advantages over the old x86-64 vsyscalls:
- Extensible
- Randomized
- Cleaner
- Easier to virtualize (the old static address range previously causes
overhead e.g. for Xen because it has to create special page tables for it)
Weak points:
- glibc support still to be written
The VM interface is partly based on Ingo Molnar's i386 version.
Includes compile fix from Joachim Deguara
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
gcc 4.3 supports a new __attribute__((__cold__)) to mark functions cold. Any
path directly leading to a call of this function will be unlikely. And gcc
will try to generate smaller code for the function itself.
Please use with care. The code generation advantage isn't large and in most
cases it is not worth uglifying code with this.
This patch marks some common error functions like panic(), printk()
as cold. This will longer term make many unlikely()s unnecessary, although
we can keep them for now for older compilers.
BUG is not marked cold because there is currently no way to tell
gcc to mark a inline function told.
Also all __init and __exit functions are marked cold. With a non -Os
build this will tell the compiler to generate slightly smaller code
for them. I think it currently only uses less alignments for labels,
but that might change in the future.
One disadvantage over *likely() is that they cannot be easily instrumented
to verify them.
Another drawback is that only the latest gcc 4.3 snapshots support this.
Unfortunately we cannot detect this using the preprocessor. This means older
snapshots will fail now. I don't think that's a problem because they are
unreleased compilers that nobody should be using.
gcc also has a __hot__ attribute, but I don't see any sense in using
this in the kernel right now. But someday I hope gcc will be able
to use more aggressive optimizing for hot functions even in -Os,
if that happens it should be added.
Includes compile fix from Thomas Gleixner.
Cc: Jan Hubicka <jh@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler generally generates reasonable inline code for the simple
cases and for the rest it's better for code size for them to be out of line.
Also there they can be potentially optimized more in the future.
In fact they probably should be in a .S file because they're all pure
assembly, but that's for another day.
Also some code style cleanup on them while I was on it (this seems
to be the last untouched really early Linux code)
This saves ~12k text for a defconfig kernel with gcc 4.1.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Jan asked to always use the builtin memcpy on gcc 4.3 mainline because
it should generate better code than the old macro. Let's try it.
Cc: Jan Hubicka <jh@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In acpi_scan_nodes(), we immediately return -1 if acpi_numa <= 0, meaning
we haven't detected any underlying ACPI topology or we have explicitly
disabled its use from the command-line with numa=noacpi.
acpi_table_print_srat_entry() and acpi_table_parse_srat() are only
referenced within drivers/acpi/numa.c, so we can mark them as static and
remove their prototypes from the header file.
Likewise, pxm_to_node_map[] and node_to_pxm_map[] are only used within
drivers/acpi/numa.c, so we mark them as static and remove their externs
from the header file.
The automatic 'result' variable is unused in acpi_numa_init(), so it's
removed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use LOCAL_DISTANCE and REMOTE_DISTANCE in x86_64 ACPI code
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Otherwise smp_affinity would only update after the next interrupt
on x86 systems.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linux 64bit only uses the IO-APIC ID as an internal cookie. In the future
there could be some cases where the IO-APIC IDs are not unique because
they share an 8 bit space with CPUs and if there are enough CPUs
it is difficult to get them that. But Linux needs the io apic ID
internally for its data structures. Assign unique IO APIC ids on
table parsing.
TBD do for 32bit too
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On x86_64, <asm/ptrace.h> uses __user but doesn't include
<linux/compiler.h>. This could lead to build failures.
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix a bug introduced with the CLFLUSH changes: we must always flush pages
changed in cpa(), not just when they are reverted.
Reenable CLFLUSH usage with that now (it was temporarily disabled
for .22)
Add some BUG_ONs
Contains fixes from Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Set var->transp.offset and var->transp.length in 32bpp mode to indicate
that the 8 otherwise unused bits can be used for transparency.
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Ferre <nicolas.ferre@rfo.atmel.com>
Cc: "Antonino A. Daplas" <adaplas@pol.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fixes STN LCD support for the atmel_lcdfb framebuffer driver.
This patch is the result of a work from Jan Altenberg and has
been tested on a Hitachi SP06Q002 on at91sam9261ek.
It adds a Kconfig switch that enables the proper LCD in the
board configuration file (STN or TFT). The switch is used
in arch/arm/mach-at91/at91sam9261_devices.c & board-sam9261ek.c
as an example.
This patch includes the "Fix wrong line_length calculation"
little one from Jan and Haavard (submitted earlier).
AT91 platform informations are directly submitted trough
the at91 maintainer, here :
http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/543158
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Ferre <nicolas.ferre@rfo.atmel.com>
Cc: "Antonino A. Daplas" <adaplas@gmail.com>
Cc: Jan Altenberg <jan.altenberg@linutronix.de>
Cc: Patrice Vilchez <patrice.vilchez@rfo.atmel.com>
Cc: Andrew Victor <andrew@sanpeople.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds support for the Simtek STK17TA8 timekeeping chip.
The STK17TA8 is quite similar to the DS1553, but differs in register layout
and in various control bits in the registers. I chose to make this a new
driver to avoid confusion in the code and to not get lost in #ifdefs.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hommel <thomas.hommel@gefanuc.com>
Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We now read and write the century byte in the max6900 chip. We probably
don't need to do so on Linux-only system, but it's necessary when the chip
is shared by another OS that uses the century byte.
Signed-off-by: Dale Farnsworth <dale@farnsworth.org>
Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Various people have expressed surprise that their modular RTC drivers don't
seem to work for initializing the system time at boot. To help avoid such
unpleasantness, make the Kconfig text point out that the driver probably
needs to be statically linked.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Acked-by: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change Kconfig objects from "menu, config" into "menuconfig" so that the user
can disable the whole feature without having to enter the menu first.
Signed-off-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
Cc: Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Acked-by: Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Unclutter the ISDN menu a tiny bit by moving ISDN4Linux and the CAPI2.0
layers into their own menu.
Signed-off-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
Cc: Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Acked-by: Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove a menu statement and several dependencies from the Kconfig files in
the drivers/isdn tree as they have become unnecessary by the transformation
of CONFIG_ISDN from "menu, config" into "menuconfig".
(Modified version of a patch originally proposed by Jan Engelhardt.)
Signed-off-by: Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Cc: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@computergmbh.de>
Acked-by: Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reading from the signal{1,2} files requires a spu_acquire_saved, so make these
files write-only for contexts created with SPU_CREATE_NOSCHED.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ps3fb: Set FBINFO_READS_FAST to speed up text console scrolling (on average
50%, according to my tests)
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Cc: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "Antonino A. Daplas" <adaplas@pol.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ps3fb: Shrink the default virtual frame buffer size from 18 to 9 MiB, as
nobody really uses the double buffering feature and Linux can use an
additional 9 MiB. It can still be overridden on the kernel command line using
`ps3fb=18M'.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Cc: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "Antonino A. Daplas" <adaplas@pol.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ps3fb: VT_HW_CONSOLE_BINDING must be enabled to make console unbinding work,
which is needed to give up all hypervisor resources before reboot or kexec.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Cc: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "Antonino A. Daplas" <adaplas@pol.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The PS3 bootwrapper files use instructions only available on 64-bit CPUs.
Add the code generation directive '.machine "ppc64"' for toolchains
configured for 32-bit CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com>
Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a FLASH ROM Storage Driver for the PS3:
- Implemented as a misc character device driver
- Uses a fixed 256 KiB buffer allocated from boot memory as the hypervisor
requires the writing of aligned 256 KiB blocks
Cc: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a BD/DVD/CD-ROM Storage Driver for the PS3:
- Implemented as a SCSI device driver
- Uses software scatter-gather with a 64 KiB bounce buffer as the hypervisor
doesn't support scatter-gather
Cc: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a Disk Storage Driver for the PS3:
- Implemented as a block device driver with a dynamic major
- Disk names (and partitions) are of the format ps3d%c(%u)
- Uses software scatter-gather with a 64 KiB bounce buffer as the hypervisor
doesn't support scatter-gather
Cc: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
allnoconfig results in this:
CC arch/powerpc/mm/tlb_32.o
In file included from include/asm/tlb.h:60,
from arch/powerpc/mm/tlb_32.c:30:
include/asm-generic/tlb.h: In function 'tlb_flush_mmu':
include/asm-generic/tlb.h:76: error: implicit declaration of function 'release_pages'
include/asm-generic/tlb.h: In function 'tlb_remove_page':
include/asm-generic/tlb.h:105: error: implicit declaration of function 'page_cache_release'
Signed-off-by: Mariusz Kozlowski <m.kozlowski@tuxland.pl>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
freezing-of-tasks.txt mentions firmware issues without mentioning the use
of the new notifier API to overcome them. Here's an update.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The version of SLOB in -mm always scans its free list from the beginning,
which results in small allocations and free segments clustering at the
beginning of the list over time. This causes the average search to scan
over a large stretch at the beginning on each allocation.
By starting each page search where the last one left off, we evenly
distribute the allocations and greatly shorten the average search.
Without this patch, kernel compiles on a 1.5G machine take a large amount
of system time for list scanning. With this patch, compiles are within a
few seconds of performance of a SLAB kernel with no notable change in
system time.
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spufs/fault.c is always built in
the kernel there is no need to export handle_mm_fault anymore.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
WARNING: arch/i386/kernel/built-in.o(.text+0xb6a7): Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:find_num_cache_leaves (between 'init_intel_cacheinfo' and 'cache_shared_cpu_map_setup')
It could be __init_refok, but gcc >= 4.0 anyway inlines it into the
__cpuinit init_intel_cacheinfo(), and IMHO it's too small for "noinline
__init".
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The patch is necessary on one of my boxen, where programming the stop
sequence twice leads to PIT malfunction.
Sigh !
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
i386 and sparc64 have the identical code to update the cmos clock. Move it
into kernel/time/ntp.c as there are other architectures coming along with the
same requirements.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add some more debug information to the hrtimer and clock events code.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After discussing w/ Thomas over IRC, it seems the issue is the sched tick
fires on every cpu at the same time, causing extra lock contention.
This smaller change, adds an extra offset per cpu so the ticks don't line up.
This patch also drops the idle latency from 40us down to under 20us.
Signed-off-by: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a device is replaced by a better rated device, then the broadcast
mode needs to be evaluated again. When the new device has no requirement
for broadcasting, then the broadcast bits for the CPU must be cleared.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need to make sure, that the clockevent devices are resumed, before
the tick is resumed. The current resume logic does not guarantee this.
Add CLOCK_EVT_MODE_RESUME and call the set mode functions of the clock
event devices before resuming the tick / oneshot functionality.
Fixup the existing users.
Thanks to Nigel Cunningham for tracking down a long standing thinko,
which affected the jinxed VAIO.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: xen build fix]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix following section mismatch warning:
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x121e62): Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:__alloc_bootmem (between 'vgacon_startup' and 'vgacon_scrolldelta')
Browsing the code it seems that vgacon_scrollback_startup() is only called
during the init phase so the reference to the .init.text section is OK.
Teach modpost not to warn using ___init_refok.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Acked-by: "Antonino A. Daplas" <adaplas@pol.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For display purposes, treat uid's and gid's as unsigned ints for now.
Also fix a typo.
Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Flush workqueue before releasing bioset and mopools in dm-crypt. There can
be finished but not yet released request.
Call chain causing oops:
run workqueue
dec_pending
bio_endio(...);
<remove device request - remove mempool>
mempool_free(io, cc->io_pool);
This usually happens when cryptsetup create temporary
luks mapping in the beggining of crypt device activation.
When dm-core calls destructor crypt_dtr, no new request
are possible.
Signed-off-by: Milan Broz <mbroz@redhat.com>
Cc: Chuck Ebbert <cebbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Acked-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Cc: Christophe Saout <christophe@saout.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
