linux/arch/x86/xen/mmu.c

/*
 * Xen mmu operations
 *
 * This file contains the various mmu fetch and update operations.
 * The most important job they must perform is the mapping between the
 * domain's pfn and the overall machine mfns.
 *
 * Xen allows guests to directly update the pagetable, in a controlled
 * fashion.  In other words, the guest modifies the same pagetable
 * that the CPU actually uses, which eliminates the overhead of having
 * a separate shadow pagetable.
 *
 * In order to allow this, it falls on the guest domain to map its
 * notion of a "physical" pfn - which is just a domain-local linear
 * address - into a real "machine address" which the CPU's MMU can
 * use.
 *
 * A pgd_t/pmd_t/pte_t will typically contain an mfn, and so can be
 * inserted directly into the pagetable.  When creating a new
 * pte/pmd/pgd, it converts the passed pfn into an mfn.  Conversely,
 * when reading the content back with __(pgd|pmd|pte)_val, it converts
 * the mfn back into a pfn.
 *
 * The other constraint is that all pages which make up a pagetable
 * must be mapped read-only in the guest.  This prevents uncontrolled
 * guest updates to the pagetable.  Xen strictly enforces this, and
 * will disallow any pagetable update which will end up mapping a
 * pagetable page RW, and will disallow using any writable page as a
 * pagetable.
 *
 * Naively, when loading %cr3 with the base of a new pagetable, Xen
 * would need to validate the whole pagetable before going on.
 * Naturally, this is quite slow.  The solution is to "pin" a
 * pagetable, which enforces all the constraints on the pagetable even
 * when it is not actively in use.  This menas that Xen can be assured
 * that it is still valid when you do load it into %cr3, and doesn't
 * need to revalidate it.
 *
 * Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>, XenSource Inc, 2007
 */
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>

#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include <asm/paravirt.h>

#include <asm/xen/hypercall.h>
#include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>

#include <xen/page.h>
#include <xen/interface/xen.h>

#include "multicalls.h"
#include "mmu.h"

/*
 * This should probably be a config option.  On 32-bit, it costs 1
 * page/gig of memory; on 64-bit its 2 pages/gig.  If we want it to be
 * completely unbounded we can add another level to the p2m structure.
 */
#define MAX_GUEST_PAGES		(16ull * 1024*1024*1024 / PAGE_SIZE)
#define P2M_ENTRIES_PER_PAGE	(PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(unsigned long))

static unsigned long *p2m_top[MAX_GUEST_PAGES / P2M_ENTRIES_PER_PAGE];

static inline unsigned p2m_top_index(unsigned long pfn)
{
	BUG_ON(pfn >= MAX_GUEST_PAGES);
	return pfn / P2M_ENTRIES_PER_PAGE;
}

static inline unsigned p2m_index(unsigned long pfn)
{
	return pfn % P2M_ENTRIES_PER_PAGE;
}

void __init xen_build_dynamic_phys_to_machine(void)
{
	unsigned pfn;
	unsigned long *mfn_list = (unsigned long *)xen_start_info->mfn_list;

	BUG_ON(xen_start_info->nr_pages >= MAX_GUEST_PAGES);

	for(pfn = 0;
	    pfn < xen_start_info->nr_pages;
	    pfn += P2M_ENTRIES_PER_PAGE) {
		unsigned topidx = p2m_top_index(pfn);

		p2m_top[topidx] = &mfn_list[pfn];
	}
}

unsigned long get_phys_to_machine(unsigned long pfn)
{
	unsigned topidx, idx;

	topidx = p2m_top_index(pfn);
	if (p2m_top[topidx] == NULL)
		return INVALID_P2M_ENTRY;

	idx = p2m_index(pfn);
	return p2m_top[topidx][idx];
}

static void alloc_p2m(unsigned long **pp)
{
	unsigned long *p;
	unsigned i;

	p = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL);
	BUG_ON(p == NULL);

	for(i = 0; i < P2M_ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; i++)
		p[i] = INVALID_P2M_ENTRY;

	if (cmpxchg(pp, NULL, p) != NULL)
		free_page((unsigned long)p);
}

void set_phys_to_machine(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long mfn)
{
	unsigned topidx, idx;

	if (unlikely(xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))) {
		BUG_ON(pfn != mfn && mfn != INVALID_P2M_ENTRY);
		return;
	}

	topidx = p2m_top_index(pfn);
	if (p2m_top[topidx] == NULL) {
		/* no need to allocate a page to store an invalid entry */
		if (mfn == INVALID_P2M_ENTRY)
			return;
		alloc_p2m(&p2m_top[topidx]);
	}

	idx = p2m_index(pfn);
	p2m_top[topidx][idx] = mfn;
}

xmaddr_t arbitrary_virt_to_machine(unsigned long address)
{
	unsigned int level;
	pte_t *pte = lookup_address(address, &level);
	unsigned offset = address & PAGE_MASK;

	BUG_ON(pte == NULL);

	return XMADDR((pte_mfn(*pte) << PAGE_SHIFT) + offset);
}

void make_lowmem_page_readonly(void *vaddr)
{
	pte_t *pte, ptev;
	unsigned long address = (unsigned long)vaddr;
	unsigned int level;

	pte = lookup_address(address, &level);
	BUG_ON(pte == NULL);

	ptev = pte_wrprotect(*pte);

	if (HYPERVISOR_update_va_mapping(address, ptev, 0))
		BUG();
}

void make_lowmem_page_readwrite(void *vaddr)
{
	pte_t *pte, ptev;
	unsigned long address = (unsigned long)vaddr;
	unsigned int level;

	pte = lookup_address(address, &level);
	BUG_ON(pte == NULL);

	ptev = pte_mkwrite(*pte);

	if (HYPERVISOR_update_va_mapping(address, ptev, 0))
		BUG();
}


void xen_set_pmd(pmd_t *ptr, pmd_t val)
{
	struct multicall_space mcs;
	struct mmu_update *u;

	preempt_disable();

	mcs = xen_mc_entry(sizeof(*u));
	u = mcs.args;
	u->ptr = virt_to_machine(ptr).maddr;
	u->val = pmd_val_ma(val);
	MULTI_mmu_update(mcs.mc, u, 1, NULL, DOMID_SELF);

	xen_mc_issue(PARAVIRT_LAZY_MMU);

	preempt_enable();
}

/*
 * Associate a virtual page frame with a given physical page frame
 * and protection flags for that frame.
 */
void set_pte_mfn(unsigned long vaddr, unsigned long mfn, pgprot_t flags)
{
	pgd_t *pgd;
	pud_t *pud;
	pmd_t *pmd;
	pte_t *pte;

	pgd = swapper_pg_dir + pgd_index(vaddr);
	if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
		BUG();
		return;
	}
	pud = pud_offset(pgd, vaddr);
	if (pud_none(*pud)) {
		BUG();
		return;
	}
	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, vaddr);
	if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
		BUG();
		return;
	}
	pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, vaddr);
	/* <mfn,flags> stored as-is, to permit clearing entries */
	xen_set_pte(pte, mfn_pte(mfn, flags));

	/*
	 * It's enough to flush this one mapping.
	 * (PGE mappings get flushed as well)
	 */
	__flush_tlb_one(vaddr);
}

void xen_set_pte_at(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
		    pte_t *ptep, pte_t pteval)
{
	/* updates to init_mm may be done without lock */
	if (mm == &init_mm)
		preempt_disable();

	if (mm == current->mm || mm == &init_mm) {
		if (paravirt_get_lazy_mode() == PARAVIRT_LAZY_MMU) {
			struct multicall_space mcs;
			mcs = xen_mc_entry(0);

			MULTI_update_va_mapping(mcs.mc, addr, pteval, 0);
			xen_mc_issue(PARAVIRT_LAZY_MMU);
			goto out;
		} else
			if (HYPERVISOR_update_va_mapping(addr, pteval, 0) == 0)
				goto out;
	}
	xen_set_pte(ptep, pteval);

out:
	if (mm == &init_mm)
		preempt_enable();
}

pteval_t xen_pte_val(pte_t pte)
{
	pteval_t ret = pte.pte;

	if (ret & _PAGE_PRESENT)
		ret = machine_to_phys(XMADDR(ret)).paddr | _PAGE_PRESENT;

	return ret;
}

pgdval_t xen_pgd_val(pgd_t pgd)
{
	pgdval_t ret = pgd.pgd;
	if (ret & _PAGE_PRESENT)
		ret = machine_to_phys(XMADDR(ret)).paddr | _PAGE_PRESENT;
	return ret;
}

pte_t xen_make_pte(pteval_t pte)
{
	if (pte & _PAGE_PRESENT) {
		pte = phys_to_machine(XPADDR(pte)).maddr;
		pte &= ~(_PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT);
	}

	return (pte_t){ .pte = pte };
}

pgd_t xen_make_pgd(pgdval_t pgd)
{
	if (pgd & _PAGE_PRESENT)
		pgd = phys_to_machine(XPADDR(pgd)).maddr;

	return (pgd_t){ pgd };
}

pmdval_t xen_pmd_val(pmd_t pmd)
{
	pmdval_t ret = native_pmd_val(pmd);
	if (ret & _PAGE_PRESENT)
		ret = machine_to_phys(XMADDR(ret)).paddr | _PAGE_PRESENT;
	return ret;
}

void xen_set_pud(pud_t *ptr, pud_t val)
{
	struct multicall_space mcs;
	struct mmu_update *u;

	preempt_disable();

	mcs = xen_mc_entry(sizeof(*u));
	u = mcs.args;
	u->ptr = virt_to_machine(ptr).maddr;
	u->val = pud_val_ma(val);
	MULTI_mmu_update(mcs.mc, u, 1, NULL, DOMID_SELF);

	xen_mc_issue(PARAVIRT_LAZY_MMU);

	preempt_enable();
}

void xen_set_pte(pte_t *ptep, pte_t pte)
{
	ptep->pte_high = pte.pte_high;
	smp_wmb();
	ptep->pte_low = pte.pte_low;
}

void xen_set_pte_atomic(pte_t *ptep, pte_t pte)
{
	set_64bit((u64 *)ptep, pte_val_ma(pte));
}

void xen_pte_clear(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep)
{
	ptep->pte_low = 0;
	smp_wmb();		/* make sure low gets written first */
	ptep->pte_high = 0;
}

void xen_pmd_clear(pmd_t *pmdp)
{
	xen_set_pmd(pmdp, __pmd(0));
}

pmd_t xen_make_pmd(pmdval_t pmd)
{
	if (pmd & _PAGE_PRESENT)
		pmd = phys_to_machine(XPADDR(pmd)).maddr;

	return native_make_pmd(pmd);
}

/*
  (Yet another) pagetable walker.  This one is intended for pinning a
  pagetable.  This means that it walks a pagetable and calls the
  callback function on each page it finds making up the page table,
  at every level.  It walks the entire pagetable, but it only bothers
  pinning pte pages which are below pte_limit.  In the normal case
  this will be TASK_SIZE, but at boot we need to pin up to
  FIXADDR_TOP.  But the important bit is that we don't pin beyond
  there, because then we start getting into Xen's ptes.
*/
static int pgd_walk(pgd_t *pgd_base, int (*func)(struct page *, enum pt_level),
		    unsigned long limit)
{
	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_base;
	int flush = 0;
	unsigned long addr = 0;
	unsigned long pgd_next;

	BUG_ON(limit > FIXADDR_TOP);

	if (xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))
		return 0;

	for (; addr != FIXADDR_TOP; pgd++, addr = pgd_next) {
		pud_t *pud;
		unsigned long pud_limit, pud_next;

		pgd_next = pud_limit = pgd_addr_end(addr, FIXADDR_TOP);

		if (!pgd_val(*pgd))
			continue;

		pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);

		if (PTRS_PER_PUD > 1) /* not folded */
			flush |= (*func)(virt_to_page(pud), PT_PUD);

		for (; addr != pud_limit; pud++, addr = pud_next) {
			pmd_t *pmd;
			unsigned long pmd_limit;

			pud_next = pud_addr_end(addr, pud_limit);

			if (pud_next < limit)
				pmd_limit = pud_next;
			else
				pmd_limit = limit;

			if (pud_none(*pud))
				continue;

			pmd = pmd_offset(pud, 0);

			if (PTRS_PER_PMD > 1) /* not folded */
				flush |= (*func)(virt_to_page(pmd), PT_PMD);

			for (; addr != pmd_limit; pmd++) {
				addr += (PAGE_SIZE * PTRS_PER_PTE);
				if ((pmd_limit-1) < (addr-1)) {
					addr = pmd_limit;
					break;
				}

				if (pmd_none(*pmd))
					continue;

				flush |= (*func)(pmd_page(*pmd), PT_PTE);
			}
		}
	}

	flush |= (*func)(virt_to_page(pgd_base), PT_PGD);

	return flush;
}

static spinlock_t *lock_pte(struct page *page)
{
	spinlock_t *ptl = NULL;

#if NR_CPUS >= CONFIG_SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
	ptl = __pte_lockptr(page);
	spin_lock(ptl);
#endif

	return ptl;
}

static void do_unlock(void *v)
{
	spinlock_t *ptl = v;
	spin_unlock(ptl);
}

static void xen_do_pin(unsigned level, unsigned long pfn)
{
	struct mmuext_op *op;
	struct multicall_space mcs;

	mcs = __xen_mc_entry(sizeof(*op));
	op = mcs.args;
	op->cmd = level;
	op->arg1.mfn = pfn_to_mfn(pfn);
	MULTI_mmuext_op(mcs.mc, op, 1, NULL, DOMID_SELF);
}

static int pin_page(struct page *page, enum pt_level level)
{
	unsigned pgfl = TestSetPagePinned(page);
	int flush;

	if (pgfl)
		flush = 0;		/* already pinned */
	else if (PageHighMem(page))
		/* kmaps need flushing if we found an unpinned
		   highpage */
		flush = 1;
	else {
		void *pt = lowmem_page_address(page);
		unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
		struct multicall_space mcs = __xen_mc_entry(0);
		spinlock_t *ptl;

		flush = 0;

		ptl = NULL;
		if (level == PT_PTE)
			ptl = lock_pte(page);

		MULTI_update_va_mapping(mcs.mc, (unsigned long)pt,
					pfn_pte(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL_RO),
					level == PT_PGD ? UVMF_TLB_FLUSH : 0);

		if (level == PT_PTE)
			xen_do_pin(MMUEXT_PIN_L1_TABLE, pfn);

		if (ptl) {
			/* Queue a deferred unlock for when this batch
			   is completed. */
			xen_mc_callback(do_unlock, ptl);
		}
	}

	return flush;
}

/* This is called just after a mm has been created, but it has not
   been used yet.  We need to make sure that its pagetable is all
   read-only, and can be pinned. */
void xen_pgd_pin(pgd_t *pgd)
{
	xen_mc_batch();

	if (pgd_walk(pgd, pin_page, TASK_SIZE)) {
		/* re-enable interrupts for kmap_flush_unused */
		xen_mc_issue(0);
		kmap_flush_unused();
		xen_mc_batch();
	}

	xen_do_pin(MMUEXT_PIN_L3_TABLE, PFN_DOWN(__pa(pgd)));
	xen_mc_issue(0);
}

/* The init_mm pagetable is really pinned as soon as its created, but
   that's before we have page structures to store the bits.  So do all
   the book-keeping now. */
static __init int mark_pinned(struct page *page, enum pt_level level)
{
	SetPagePinned(page);
	return 0;
}

void __init xen_mark_init_mm_pinned(void)
{
	pgd_walk(init_mm.pgd, mark_pinned, FIXADDR_TOP);
}

static int unpin_page(struct page *page, enum pt_level level)
{
	unsigned pgfl = TestClearPagePinned(page);

	if (pgfl && !PageHighMem(page)) {
		void *pt = lowmem_page_address(page);
		unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
		spinlock_t *ptl = NULL;
		struct multicall_space mcs;

		if (level == PT_PTE) {
			ptl = lock_pte(page);

			xen_do_pin(MMUEXT_UNPIN_TABLE, pfn);
		}

		mcs = __xen_mc_entry(0);

		MULTI_update_va_mapping(mcs.mc, (unsigned long)pt,
					pfn_pte(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL),
					level == PT_PGD ? UVMF_TLB_FLUSH : 0);

		if (ptl) {
			/* unlock when batch completed */
			xen_mc_callback(do_unlock, ptl);
		}
	}

	return 0;		/* never need to flush on unpin */
}

/* Release a pagetables pages back as normal RW */
static void xen_pgd_unpin(pgd_t *pgd)
{
	xen_mc_batch();

	xen_do_pin(MMUEXT_UNPIN_TABLE, PFN_DOWN(__pa(pgd)));

	pgd_walk(pgd, unpin_page, TASK_SIZE);

	xen_mc_issue(0);
}

void xen_activate_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next)
{
	spin_lock(&next->page_table_lock);
	xen_pgd_pin(next->pgd);
	spin_unlock(&next->page_table_lock);
}

void xen_dup_mmap(struct mm_struct *oldmm, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
	xen_pgd_pin(mm->pgd);
	spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
}


#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/* Another cpu may still have their %cr3 pointing at the pagetable, so
   we need to repoint it somewhere else before we can unpin it. */
static void drop_other_mm_ref(void *info)
{
	struct mm_struct *mm = info;

	if (__get_cpu_var(cpu_tlbstate).active_mm == mm)
		leave_mm(smp_processor_id());

	/* If this cpu still has a stale cr3 reference, then make sure
	   it has been flushed. */
	if (x86_read_percpu(xen_current_cr3) == __pa(mm->pgd)) {
		load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
		arch_flush_lazy_cpu_mode();
	}
}

static void drop_mm_ref(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	cpumask_t mask;
	unsigned cpu;

	if (current->active_mm == mm) {
		if (current->mm == mm)
			load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
		else
			leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
		arch_flush_lazy_cpu_mode();
	}

	/* Get the "official" set of cpus referring to our pagetable. */
	mask = mm->cpu_vm_mask;

	/* It's possible that a vcpu may have a stale reference to our
	   cr3, because its in lazy mode, and it hasn't yet flushed
	   its set of pending hypercalls yet.  In this case, we can
	   look at its actual current cr3 value, and force it to flush
	   if needed. */
	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
		if (per_cpu(xen_current_cr3, cpu) == __pa(mm->pgd))
			cpu_set(cpu, mask);
	}

	if (!cpus_empty(mask))
		xen_smp_call_function_mask(mask, drop_other_mm_ref, mm, 1);
}
#else
static void drop_mm_ref(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	if (current->active_mm == mm)
		load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
}
#endif

/*
 * While a process runs, Xen pins its pagetables, which means that the
 * hypervisor forces it to be read-only, and it controls all updates
 * to it.  This means that all pagetable updates have to go via the
 * hypervisor, which is moderately expensive.
 *
 * Since we're pulling the pagetable down, we switch to use init_mm,
 * unpin old process pagetable and mark it all read-write, which
 * allows further operations on it to be simple memory accesses.
 *
 * The only subtle point is that another CPU may be still using the
 * pagetable because of lazy tlb flushing.  This means we need need to
 * switch all CPUs off this pagetable before we can unpin it.
 */
void xen_exit_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	get_cpu();		/* make sure we don't move around */
	drop_mm_ref(mm);
	put_cpu();

	spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);

	/* pgd may not be pinned in the error exit path of execve */
	if (PagePinned(virt_to_page(mm->pgd)))
		xen_pgd_unpin(mm->pgd);

	spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
}