linux/net/core/skbuff.c

/*
 *	Routines having to do with the 'struct sk_buff' memory handlers.
 *
 *	Authors:	Alan Cox <iiitac@pyr.swan.ac.uk>
 *			Florian La Roche <rzsfl@rz.uni-sb.de>
 *
 *	Version:	$Id: skbuff.c,v 1.90 2001/11/07 05:56:19 davem Exp $
 *
 *	Fixes:
 *		Alan Cox	:	Fixed the worst of the load
 *					balancer bugs.
 *		Dave Platt	:	Interrupt stacking fix.
 *	Richard Kooijman	:	Timestamp fixes.
 *		Alan Cox	:	Changed buffer format.
 *		Alan Cox	:	destructor hook for AF_UNIX etc.
 *		Linus Torvalds	:	Better skb_clone.
 *		Alan Cox	:	Added skb_copy.
 *		Alan Cox	:	Added all the changed routines Linus
 *					only put in the headers
 *		Ray VanTassle	:	Fixed --skb->lock in free
 *		Alan Cox	:	skb_copy copy arp field
 *		Andi Kleen	:	slabified it.
 *		Robert Olsson	:	Removed skb_head_pool
 *
 *	NOTE:
 *		The __skb_ routines should be called with interrupts
 *	disabled, or you better be *real* sure that the operation is atomic
 *	with respect to whatever list is being frobbed (e.g. via lock_sock()
 *	or via disabling bottom half handlers, etc).
 *
 *	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 *	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
 *	2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 */

/*
 *	The functions in this file will not compile correctly with gcc 2.4.x
 */

#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/in.h>
#include <linux/inet.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/netdevice.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT
#include <net/pkt_sched.h>
#endif
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>

#include <net/protocol.h>
#include <net/dst.h>
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <net/checksum.h>
#include <net/xfrm.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/system.h>

static kmem_cache_t *skbuff_head_cache;

/*
 *	Keep out-of-line to prevent kernel bloat.
 *	__builtin_return_address is not used because it is not always
 *	reliable.
 */

/**
 *	skb_over_panic	- 	private function
 *	@skb: buffer
 *	@sz: size
 *	@here: address
 *
 *	Out of line support code for skb_put(). Not user callable.
 */
void skb_over_panic(struct sk_buff *skb, int sz, void *here)
{
	printk(KERN_EMERG "skb_over_panic: text:%p len:%d put:%d head:%p "
	                  "data:%p tail:%p end:%p dev:%s\n",
	       here, skb->len, sz, skb->head, skb->data, skb->tail, skb->end,
	       skb->dev ? skb->dev->name : "<NULL>");
	BUG();
}

/**
 *	skb_under_panic	- 	private function
 *	@skb: buffer
 *	@sz: size
 *	@here: address
 *
 *	Out of line support code for skb_push(). Not user callable.
 */

void skb_under_panic(struct sk_buff *skb, int sz, void *here)
{
	printk(KERN_EMERG "skb_under_panic: text:%p len:%d put:%d head:%p "
	                  "data:%p tail:%p end:%p dev:%s\n",
	       here, skb->len, sz, skb->head, skb->data, skb->tail, skb->end,
	       skb->dev ? skb->dev->name : "<NULL>");
	BUG();
}

/* 	Allocate a new skbuff. We do this ourselves so we can fill in a few
 *	'private' fields and also do memory statistics to find all the
 *	[BEEP] leaks.
 *
 */

/**
 *	alloc_skb	-	allocate a network buffer
 *	@size: size to allocate
 *	@gfp_mask: allocation mask
 *
 *	Allocate a new &sk_buff. The returned buffer has no headroom and a
 *	tail room of size bytes. The object has a reference count of one.
 *	The return is the buffer. On a failure the return is %NULL.
 *
 *	Buffers may only be allocated from interrupts using a @gfp_mask of
 *	%GFP_ATOMIC.
 */
struct sk_buff *alloc_skb(unsigned int size, int gfp_mask)
{
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	u8 *data;

	/* Get the HEAD */
	skb = kmem_cache_alloc(skbuff_head_cache,
			       gfp_mask & ~__GFP_DMA);
	if (!skb)
		goto out;

	/* Get the DATA. Size must match skb_add_mtu(). */
	size = SKB_DATA_ALIGN(size);
	data = kmalloc(size + sizeof(struct skb_shared_info), gfp_mask);
	if (!data)
		goto nodata;

	memset(skb, 0, offsetof(struct sk_buff, truesize));
	skb->truesize = size + sizeof(struct sk_buff);
	atomic_set(&skb->users, 1);
	skb->head = data;
	skb->data = data;
	skb->tail = data;
	skb->end  = data + size;

	atomic_set(&(skb_shinfo(skb)->dataref), 1);
	skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags  = 0;
	skb_shinfo(skb)->tso_size = 0;
	skb_shinfo(skb)->tso_segs = 0;
	skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list = NULL;
out:
	return skb;
nodata:
	kmem_cache_free(skbuff_head_cache, skb);
	skb = NULL;
	goto out;
}

/**
 *	alloc_skb_from_cache	-	allocate a network buffer
 *	@cp: kmem_cache from which to allocate the data area
 *           (object size must be big enough for @size bytes + skb overheads)
 *	@size: size to allocate
 *	@gfp_mask: allocation mask
 *
 *	Allocate a new &sk_buff. The returned buffer has no headroom and
 *	tail room of size bytes. The object has a reference count of one.
 *	The return is the buffer. On a failure the return is %NULL.
 *
 *	Buffers may only be allocated from interrupts using a @gfp_mask of
 *	%GFP_ATOMIC.
 */
struct sk_buff *alloc_skb_from_cache(kmem_cache_t *cp,
				     unsigned int size, int gfp_mask)
{
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	u8 *data;

	/* Get the HEAD */
	skb = kmem_cache_alloc(skbuff_head_cache,
			       gfp_mask & ~__GFP_DMA);
	if (!skb)
		goto out;

	/* Get the DATA. */
	size = SKB_DATA_ALIGN(size);
	data = kmem_cache_alloc(cp, gfp_mask);
	if (!data)
		goto nodata;

	memset(skb, 0, offsetof(struct sk_buff, truesize));
	skb->truesize = size + sizeof(struct sk_buff);
	atomic_set(&skb->users, 1);
	skb->head = data;
	skb->data = data;
	skb->tail = data;
	skb->end  = data + size;

	atomic_set(&(skb_shinfo(skb)->dataref), 1);
	skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags  = 0;
	skb_shinfo(skb)->tso_size = 0;
	skb_shinfo(skb)->tso_segs = 0;
	skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list = NULL;
out:
	return skb;
nodata:
	kmem_cache_free(skbuff_head_cache, skb);
	skb = NULL;
	goto out;
}


static void skb_drop_fraglist(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct sk_buff *list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list;

	skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list = NULL;

	do {
		struct sk_buff *this = list;
		list = list->next;
		kfree_skb(this);
	} while (list);
}

static void skb_clone_fraglist(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct sk_buff *list;

	for (list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list; list; list = list->next)
		skb_get(list);
}

void skb_release_data(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	if (!skb->cloned ||
	    !atomic_sub_return(skb->nohdr ? (1 << SKB_DATAREF_SHIFT) + 1 : 1,
			       &skb_shinfo(skb)->dataref)) {
		if (skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags) {
			int i;
			for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++)
				put_page(skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].page);
		}

		if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list)
			skb_drop_fraglist(skb);

		kfree(skb->head);
	}
}

/*
 *	Free an skbuff by memory without cleaning the state.
 */
void kfree_skbmem(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	skb_release_data(skb);
	kmem_cache_free(skbuff_head_cache, skb);
}

/**
 *	__kfree_skb - private function
 *	@skb: buffer
 *
 *	Free an sk_buff. Release anything attached to the buffer.
 *	Clean the state. This is an internal helper function. Users should
 *	always call kfree_skb
 */

void __kfree_skb(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	BUG_ON(skb->list != NULL);

	dst_release(skb->dst);
#ifdef CONFIG_XFRM
	secpath_put(skb->sp);
#endif
	if (skb->destructor) {
		WARN_ON(in_irq());
		skb->destructor(skb);
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
	nf_conntrack_put(skb->nfct);
#ifdef CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER
	nf_bridge_put(skb->nf_bridge);
#endif
#endif
/* XXX: IS this still necessary? - JHS */
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_SCHED
	skb->tc_index = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT
	skb->tc_verd = 0;
	skb->tc_classid = 0;
#endif
#endif

	kfree_skbmem(skb);
}

/**
 *	skb_clone	-	duplicate an sk_buff
 *	@skb: buffer to clone
 *	@gfp_mask: allocation priority
 *
 *	Duplicate an &sk_buff. The new one is not owned by a socket. Both
 *	copies share the same packet data but not structure. The new
 *	buffer has a reference count of 1. If the allocation fails the
 *	function returns %NULL otherwise the new buffer is returned.
 *
 *	If this function is called from an interrupt gfp_mask() must be
 *	%GFP_ATOMIC.
 */

struct sk_buff *skb_clone(struct sk_buff *skb, int gfp_mask)
{
	struct sk_buff *n = kmem_cache_alloc(skbuff_head_cache, gfp_mask);

	if (!n) 
		return NULL;

#define C(x) n->x = skb->x

	n->next = n->prev = NULL;
	n->list = NULL;
	n->sk = NULL;
	C(stamp);
	C(dev);
	C(real_dev);
	C(h);
	C(nh);
	C(mac);
	C(dst);
	dst_clone(skb->dst);
	C(sp);
#ifdef CONFIG_INET
	secpath_get(skb->sp);
#endif
	memcpy(n->cb, skb->cb, sizeof(skb->cb));
	C(len);
	C(data_len);
	C(csum);
	C(local_df);
	n->cloned = 1;
	n->nohdr = 0;
	C(pkt_type);
	C(ip_summed);
	C(priority);
	C(protocol);
	C(security);
	n->destructor = NULL;
#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
	C(nfmark);
	C(nfcache);
	C(nfct);
	nf_conntrack_get(skb->nfct);
	C(nfctinfo);
#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER_DEBUG
	C(nf_debug);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER
	C(nf_bridge);
	nf_bridge_get(skb->nf_bridge);
#endif
#endif /*CONFIG_NETFILTER*/
#if defined(CONFIG_HIPPI)
	C(private);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_SCHED
	C(tc_index);
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT
	n->tc_verd = SET_TC_VERD(skb->tc_verd,0);
	n->tc_verd = CLR_TC_OK2MUNGE(skb->tc_verd);
	n->tc_verd = CLR_TC_MUNGED(skb->tc_verd);
	C(input_dev);
	C(tc_classid);
#endif

#endif
	C(truesize);
	atomic_set(&n->users, 1);
	C(head);
	C(data);
	C(tail);
	C(end);

	atomic_inc(&(skb_shinfo(skb)->dataref));
	skb->cloned = 1;

	return n;
}

static void copy_skb_header(struct sk_buff *new, const struct sk_buff *old)
{
	/*
	 *	Shift between the two data areas in bytes
	 */
	unsigned long offset = new->data - old->data;

	new->list	= NULL;
	new->sk		= NULL;
	new->dev	= old->dev;
	new->real_dev	= old->real_dev;
	new->priority	= old->priority;
	new->protocol	= old->protocol;
	new->dst	= dst_clone(old->dst);
#ifdef CONFIG_INET
	new->sp		= secpath_get(old->sp);
#endif
	new->h.raw	= old->h.raw + offset;
	new->nh.raw	= old->nh.raw + offset;
	new->mac.raw	= old->mac.raw + offset;
	memcpy(new->cb, old->cb, sizeof(old->cb));
	new->local_df	= old->local_df;
	new->pkt_type	= old->pkt_type;
	new->stamp	= old->stamp;
	new->destructor = NULL;
	new->security	= old->security;
#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
	new->nfmark	= old->nfmark;
	new->nfcache	= old->nfcache;
	new->nfct	= old->nfct;
	nf_conntrack_get(old->nfct);
	new->nfctinfo	= old->nfctinfo;
#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER_DEBUG
	new->nf_debug	= old->nf_debug;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER
	new->nf_bridge	= old->nf_bridge;
	nf_bridge_get(old->nf_bridge);
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_SCHED
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT
	new->tc_verd = old->tc_verd;
#endif
	new->tc_index	= old->tc_index;
#endif
	atomic_set(&new->users, 1);
	skb_shinfo(new)->tso_size = skb_shinfo(old)->tso_size;
	skb_shinfo(new)->tso_segs = skb_shinfo(old)->tso_segs;
}

/**
 *	skb_copy	-	create private copy of an sk_buff
 *	@skb: buffer to copy
 *	@gfp_mask: allocation priority
 *
 *	Make a copy of both an &sk_buff and its data. This is used when the
 *	caller wishes to modify the data and needs a private copy of the
 *	data to alter. Returns %NULL on failure or the pointer to the buffer
 *	on success. The returned buffer has a reference count of 1.
 *
 *	As by-product this function converts non-linear &sk_buff to linear
 *	one, so that &sk_buff becomes completely private and caller is allowed
 *	to modify all the data of returned buffer. This means that this
 *	function is not recommended for use in circumstances when only
 *	header is going to be modified. Use pskb_copy() instead.
 */

struct sk_buff *skb_copy(const struct sk_buff *skb, int gfp_mask)
{
	int headerlen = skb->data - skb->head;
	/*
	 *	Allocate the copy buffer
	 */
	struct sk_buff *n = alloc_skb(skb->end - skb->head + skb->data_len,
				      gfp_mask);
	if (!n)
		return NULL;

	/* Set the data pointer */
	skb_reserve(n, headerlen);
	/* Set the tail pointer and length */
	skb_put(n, skb->len);
	n->csum	     = skb->csum;
	n->ip_summed = skb->ip_summed;

	if (skb_copy_bits(skb, -headerlen, n->head, headerlen + skb->len))
		BUG();

	copy_skb_header(n, skb);
	return n;
}


/**
 *	pskb_copy	-	create copy of an sk_buff with private head.
 *	@skb: buffer to copy
 *	@gfp_mask: allocation priority
 *
 *	Make a copy of both an &sk_buff and part of its data, located
 *	in header. Fragmented data remain shared. This is used when
 *	the caller wishes to modify only header of &sk_buff and needs
 *	private copy of the header to alter. Returns %NULL on failure
 *	or the pointer to the buffer on success.
 *	The returned buffer has a reference count of 1.
 */

struct sk_buff *pskb_copy(struct sk_buff *skb, int gfp_mask)
{
	/*
	 *	Allocate the copy buffer
	 */
	struct sk_buff *n = alloc_skb(skb->end - skb->head, gfp_mask);

	if (!n)
		goto out;

	/* Set the data pointer */
	skb_reserve(n, skb->data - skb->head);
	/* Set the tail pointer and length */
	skb_put(n, skb_headlen(skb));
	/* Copy the bytes */
	memcpy(n->data, skb->data, n->len);
	n->csum	     = skb->csum;
	n->ip_summed = skb->ip_summed;

	n->data_len  = skb->data_len;
	n->len	     = skb->len;

	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags) {
		int i;

		for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++) {
			skb_shinfo(n)->frags[i] = skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];
			get_page(skb_shinfo(n)->frags[i].page);
		}
		skb_shinfo(n)->nr_frags = i;
	}

	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list) {
		skb_shinfo(n)->frag_list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list;
		skb_clone_fraglist(n);
	}

	copy_skb_header(n, skb);
out:
	return n;
}

/**
 *	pskb_expand_head - reallocate header of &sk_buff
 *	@skb: buffer to reallocate
 *	@nhead: room to add at head
 *	@ntail: room to add at tail
 *	@gfp_mask: allocation priority
 *
 *	Expands (or creates identical copy, if &nhead and &ntail are zero)
 *	header of skb. &sk_buff itself is not changed. &sk_buff MUST have
 *	reference count of 1. Returns zero in the case of success or error,
 *	if expansion failed. In the last case, &sk_buff is not changed.
 *
 *	All the pointers pointing into skb header may change and must be
 *	reloaded after call to this function.
 */

int pskb_expand_head(struct sk_buff *skb, int nhead, int ntail, int gfp_mask)
{
	int i;
	u8 *data;
	int size = nhead + (skb->end - skb->head) + ntail;
	long off;

	if (skb_shared(skb))
		BUG();

	size = SKB_DATA_ALIGN(size);

	data = kmalloc(size + sizeof(struct skb_shared_info), gfp_mask);
	if (!data)
		goto nodata;

	/* Copy only real data... and, alas, header. This should be
	 * optimized for the cases when header is void. */
	memcpy(data + nhead, skb->head, skb->tail - skb->head);
	memcpy(data + size, skb->end, sizeof(struct skb_shared_info));

	for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++)
		get_page(skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].page);

	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list)
		skb_clone_fraglist(skb);

	skb_release_data(skb);

	off = (data + nhead) - skb->head;

	skb->head     = data;
	skb->end      = data + size;
	skb->data    += off;
	skb->tail    += off;
	skb->mac.raw += off;
	skb->h.raw   += off;
	skb->nh.raw  += off;
	skb->cloned   = 0;
	skb->nohdr    = 0;
	atomic_set(&skb_shinfo(skb)->dataref, 1);
	return 0;

nodata:
	return -ENOMEM;
}

/* Make private copy of skb with writable head and some headroom */

struct sk_buff *skb_realloc_headroom(struct sk_buff *skb, unsigned int headroom)
{
	struct sk_buff *skb2;
	int delta = headroom - skb_headroom(skb);

	if (delta <= 0)
		skb2 = pskb_copy(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);
	else {
		skb2 = skb_clone(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);
		if (skb2 && pskb_expand_head(skb2, SKB_DATA_ALIGN(delta), 0,
					     GFP_ATOMIC)) {
			kfree_skb(skb2);
			skb2 = NULL;
		}
	}
	return skb2;
}


/**
 *	skb_copy_expand	-	copy and expand sk_buff
 *	@skb: buffer to copy
 *	@newheadroom: new free bytes at head
 *	@newtailroom: new free bytes at tail
 *	@gfp_mask: allocation priority
 *
 *	Make a copy of both an &sk_buff and its data and while doing so
 *	allocate additional space.
 *
 *	This is used when the caller wishes to modify the data and needs a
 *	private copy of the data to alter as well as more space for new fields.
 *	Returns %NULL on failure or the pointer to the buffer
 *	on success. The returned buffer has a reference count of 1.
 *
 *	You must pass %GFP_ATOMIC as the allocation priority if this function
 *	is called from an interrupt.
 *
 *	BUG ALERT: ip_summed is not copied. Why does this work? Is it used
 *	only by netfilter in the cases when checksum is recalculated? --ANK
 */
struct sk_buff *skb_copy_expand(const struct sk_buff *skb,
				int newheadroom, int newtailroom, int gfp_mask)
{
	/*
	 *	Allocate the copy buffer
	 */
	struct sk_buff *n = alloc_skb(newheadroom + skb->len + newtailroom,
				      gfp_mask);
	int head_copy_len, head_copy_off;

	if (!n)
		return NULL;

	skb_reserve(n, newheadroom);

	/* Set the tail pointer and length */
	skb_put(n, skb->len);

	head_copy_len = skb_headroom(skb);
	head_copy_off = 0;
	if (newheadroom <= head_copy_len)
		head_copy_len = newheadroom;
	else
		head_copy_off = newheadroom - head_copy_len;

	/* Copy the linear header and data. */
	if (skb_copy_bits(skb, -head_copy_len, n->head + head_copy_off,
			  skb->len + head_copy_len))
		BUG();

	copy_skb_header(n, skb);

	return n;
}

/**
 *	skb_pad			-	zero pad the tail of an skb
 *	@skb: buffer to pad
 *	@pad: space to pad
 *
 *	Ensure that a buffer is followed by a padding area that is zero
 *	filled. Used by network drivers which may DMA or transfer data
 *	beyond the buffer end onto the wire.
 *
 *	May return NULL in out of memory cases.
 */
 
struct sk_buff *skb_pad(struct sk_buff *skb, int pad)
{
	struct sk_buff *nskb;
	
	/* If the skbuff is non linear tailroom is always zero.. */
	if (skb_tailroom(skb) >= pad) {
		memset(skb->data+skb->len, 0, pad);
		return skb;
	}
	
	nskb = skb_copy_expand(skb, skb_headroom(skb), skb_tailroom(skb) + pad, GFP_ATOMIC);
	kfree_skb(skb);
	if (nskb)
		memset(nskb->data+nskb->len, 0, pad);
	return nskb;
}	
 
/* Trims skb to length len. It can change skb pointers, if "realloc" is 1.
 * If realloc==0 and trimming is impossible without change of data,
 * it is BUG().
 */

int ___pskb_trim(struct sk_buff *skb, unsigned int len, int realloc)
{
	int offset = skb_headlen(skb);
	int nfrags = skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < nfrags; i++) {
		int end = offset + skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size;
		if (end > len) {
			if (skb_cloned(skb)) {
				if (!realloc)
					BUG();
				if (pskb_expand_head(skb, 0, 0, GFP_ATOMIC))
					return -ENOMEM;
			}
			if (len <= offset) {
				put_page(skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].page);
				skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags--;
			} else {
				skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size = len - offset;
			}
		}
		offset = end;
	}

	if (offset < len) {
		skb->data_len -= skb->len - len;
		skb->len       = len;
	} else {
		if (len <= skb_headlen(skb)) {
			skb->len      = len;
			skb->data_len = 0;
			skb->tail     = skb->data + len;
			if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list && !skb_cloned(skb))
				skb_drop_fraglist(skb);
		} else {
			skb->data_len -= skb->len - len;
			skb->len       = len;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 *	__pskb_pull_tail - advance tail of skb header
 *	@skb: buffer to reallocate
 *	@delta: number of bytes to advance tail
 *
 *	The function makes a sense only on a fragmented &sk_buff,
 *	it expands header moving its tail forward and copying necessary
 *	data from fragmented part.
 *
 *	&sk_buff MUST have reference count of 1.
 *
 *	Returns %NULL (and &sk_buff does not change) if pull failed
 *	or value of new tail of skb in the case of success.
 *
 *	All the pointers pointing into skb header may change and must be
 *	reloaded after call to this function.
 */

/* Moves tail of skb head forward, copying data from fragmented part,
 * when it is necessary.
 * 1. It may fail due to malloc failure.
 * 2. It may change skb pointers.
 *
 * It is pretty complicated. Luckily, it is called only in exceptional cases.
 */
unsigned char *__pskb_pull_tail(struct sk_buff *skb, int delta)
{
	/* If skb has not enough free space at tail, get new one
	 * plus 128 bytes for future expansions. If we have enough
	 * room at tail, reallocate without expansion only if skb is cloned.
	 */
	int i, k, eat = (skb->tail + delta) - skb->end;

	if (eat > 0 || skb_cloned(skb)) {
		if (pskb_expand_head(skb, 0, eat > 0 ? eat + 128 : 0,
				     GFP_ATOMIC))
			return NULL;
	}

	if (skb_copy_bits(skb, skb_headlen(skb), skb->tail, delta))
		BUG();

	/* Optimization: no fragments, no reasons to preestimate
	 * size of pulled pages. Superb.
	 */
	if (!skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list)
		goto pull_pages;

	/* Estimate size of pulled pages. */
	eat = delta;
	for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++) {
		if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size >= eat)
			goto pull_pages;
		eat -= skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size;
	}

	/* If we need update frag list, we are in troubles.
	 * Certainly, it possible to add an offset to skb data,
	 * but taking into account that pulling is expected to
	 * be very rare operation, it is worth to fight against
	 * further bloating skb head and crucify ourselves here instead.
	 * Pure masohism, indeed. 8)8)
	 */
	if (eat) {
		struct sk_buff *list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list;
		struct sk_buff *clone = NULL;
		struct sk_buff *insp = NULL;

		do {
			if (!list)
				BUG();

			if (list->len <= eat) {
				/* Eaten as whole. */
				eat -= list->len;
				list = list->next;
				insp = list;
			} else {
				/* Eaten partially. */

				if (skb_shared(list)) {
					/* Sucks! We need to fork list. :-( */
					clone = skb_clone(list, GFP_ATOMIC);
					if (!clone)
						return NULL;
					insp = list->next;
					list = clone;
				} else {
					/* This may be pulled without
					 * problems. */
					insp = list;
				}
				if (!pskb_pull(list, eat)) {
					if (clone)
						kfree_skb(clone);
					return NULL;
				}
				break;
			}
		} while (eat);

		/* Free pulled out fragments. */
		while ((list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list) != insp) {
			skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list = list->next;
			kfree_skb(list);
		}
		/* And insert new clone at head. */
		if (clone) {
			clone->next = list;
			skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list = clone;
		}
	}
	/* Success! Now we may commit changes to skb data. */

pull_pages:
	eat = delta;
	k = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++) {
		if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size <= eat) {
			put_page(skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].page);
			eat -= skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size;
		} else {
			skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[k] = skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];
			if (eat) {
				skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[k].page_offset += eat;
				skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[k].size -= eat;
				eat = 0;
			}
			k++;
		}
	}
	skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags = k;

	skb->tail     += delta;
	skb->data_len -= delta;

	return skb->tail;
}

/* Copy some data bits from skb to kernel buffer. */

int skb_copy_bits(const struct sk_buff *skb, int offset, void *to, int len)
{
	int i, copy;
	int start = skb_headlen(skb);

	if (offset > (int)skb->len - len)
		goto fault;

	/* Copy header. */
	if ((copy = start - offset) > 0) {
		if (copy > len)
			copy = len;
		memcpy(to, skb->data + offset, copy);
		if ((len -= copy) == 0)
			return 0;
		offset += copy;
		to     += copy;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++) {
		int end;

		BUG_TRAP(start <= offset + len);

		end = start + skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size;
		if ((copy = end - offset) > 0) {
			u8 *vaddr;

			if (copy > len)
				copy = len;

			vaddr = kmap_skb_frag(&skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i]);
			memcpy(to,
			       vaddr + skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].page_offset+
			       offset - start, copy);
			kunmap_skb_frag(vaddr);

			if ((len -= copy) == 0)
				return 0;
			offset += copy;
			to     += copy;
		}
		start = end;
	}

	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list) {
		struct sk_buff *list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list;

		for (; list; list = list->next) {
			int end;

			BUG_TRAP(start <= offset + len);

			end = start + list->len;
			if ((copy = end - offset) > 0) {
				if (copy > len)
					copy = len;
				if (skb_copy_bits(list, offset - start,
						  to, copy))
					goto fault;
				if ((len -= copy) == 0)
					return 0;
				offset += copy;
				to     += copy;
			}
			start = end;
		}
	}
	if (!len)
		return 0;

fault:
	return -EFAULT;
}

/**
 *	skb_store_bits - store bits from kernel buffer to skb
 *	@skb: destination buffer
 *	@offset: offset in destination
 *	@from: source buffer
 *	@len: number of bytes to copy
 *
 *	Copy the specified number of bytes from the source buffer to the
 *	destination skb.  This function handles all the messy bits of
 *	traversing fragment lists and such.
 */

int skb_store_bits(const struct sk_buff *skb, int offset, void *from, int len)
{
	int i, copy;
	int start = skb_headlen(skb);

	if (offset > (int)skb->len - len)
		goto fault;

	if ((copy = start - offset) > 0) {
		if (copy > len)
			copy = len;
		memcpy(skb->data + offset, from, copy);
		if ((len -= copy) == 0)
			return 0;
		offset += copy;
		from += copy;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++) {
		skb_frag_t *frag = &skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];
		int end;

		BUG_TRAP(start <= offset + len);

		end = start + frag->size;
		if ((copy = end - offset) > 0) {
			u8 *vaddr;

			if (copy > len)
				copy = len;

			vaddr = kmap_skb_frag(frag);
			memcpy(vaddr + frag->page_offset + offset - start,
			       from, copy);
			kunmap_skb_frag(vaddr);

			if ((len -= copy) == 0)
				return 0;
			offset += copy;
			from += copy;
		}
		start = end;
	}

	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list) {
		struct sk_buff *list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list;

		for (; list; list = list->next) {
			int end;

			BUG_TRAP(start <= offset + len);

			end = start + list->len;
			if ((copy = end - offset) > 0) {
				if (copy > len)
					copy = len;
				if (skb_store_bits(list, offset - start,
						   from, copy))
					goto fault;
				if ((len -= copy) == 0)
					return 0;
				offset += copy;
				from += copy;
			}
			start = end;
		}
	}
	if (!len)
		return 0;

fault:
	return -EFAULT;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_store_bits);

/* Checksum skb data. */

unsigned int skb_checksum(const struct sk_buff *skb, int offset,
			  int len, unsigned int csum)
{
	int start = skb_headlen(skb);
	int i, copy = start - offset;
	int pos = 0;

	/* Checksum header. */
	if (copy > 0) {
		if (copy > len)
			copy = len;
		csum = csum_partial(skb->data + offset, copy, csum);
		if ((len -= copy) == 0)
			return csum;
		offset += copy;
		pos	= copy;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++) {
		int end;

		BUG_TRAP(start <= offset + len);

		end = start + skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size;
		if ((copy = end - offset) > 0) {
			unsigned int csum2;
			u8 *vaddr;
			skb_frag_t *frag = &skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];

			if (copy > len)
				copy = len;
			vaddr = kmap_skb_frag(frag);
			csum2 = csum_partial(vaddr + frag->page_offset +
					     offset - start, copy, 0);
			kunmap_skb_frag(vaddr);
			csum = csum_block_add(csum, csum2, pos);
			if (!(len -= copy))
				return csum;
			offset += copy;
			pos    += copy;
		}
		start = end;
	}

	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list) {
		struct sk_buff *list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list;

		for (; list; list = list->next) {
			int end;

			BUG_TRAP(start <= offset + len);

			end = start + list->len;
			if ((copy = end - offset) > 0) {
				unsigned int csum2;
				if (copy > len)
					copy = len;
				csum2 = skb_checksum(list, offset - start,
						     copy, 0);
				csum = csum_block_add(csum, csum2, pos);
				if ((len -= copy) == 0)
					return csum;
				offset += copy;
				pos    += copy;
			}
			start = end;
		}
	}
	if (len)
		BUG();

	return csum;
}

/* Both of above in one bottle. */

unsigned int skb_copy_and_csum_bits(const struct sk_buff *skb, int offset,
				    u8 *to, int len, unsigned int csum)
{
	int start = skb_headlen(skb);
	int i, copy = start - offset;
	int pos = 0;

	/* Copy header. */
	if (copy > 0) {
		if (copy > len)
			copy = len;
		csum = csum_partial_copy_nocheck(skb->data + offset, to,
						 copy, csum);
		if ((len -= copy) == 0)
			return csum;
		offset += copy;
		to     += copy;
		pos	= copy;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++) {
		int end;

		BUG_TRAP(start <= offset + len);

		end = start + skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size;
		if ((copy = end - offset) > 0) {
			unsigned int csum2;
			u8 *vaddr;
			skb_frag_t *frag = &skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];

			if (copy > len)
				copy = len;
			vaddr = kmap_skb_frag(frag);
			csum2 = csum_partial_copy_nocheck(vaddr +
							  frag->page_offset +
							  offset - start, to,
							  copy, 0);
			kunmap_skb_frag(vaddr);
			csum = csum_block_add(csum, csum2, pos);
			if (!(len -= copy))
				return csum;
			offset += copy;
			to     += copy;
			pos    += copy;
		}
		start = end;
	}

	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list) {
		struct sk_buff *list = skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list;

		for (; list; list = list->next) {
			unsigned int csum2;
			int end;

			BUG_TRAP(start <= offset + len);

			end = start + list->len;
			if ((copy = end - offset) > 0) {
				if (copy > len)
					copy = len;
				csum2 = skb_copy_and_csum_bits(list,
							       offset - start,
							       to, copy, 0);
				csum = csum_block_add(csum, csum2, pos);
				if ((len -= copy) == 0)
					return csum;
				offset += copy;
				to     += copy;
				pos    += copy;
			}
			start = end;
		}
	}
	if (len)
		BUG();
	return csum;
}

void skb_copy_and_csum_dev(const struct sk_buff *skb, u8 *to)
{
	unsigned int csum;
	long csstart;

	if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_HW)
		csstart = skb->h.raw - skb->data;
	else
		csstart = skb_headlen(skb);

	if (csstart > skb_headlen(skb))
		BUG();

	memcpy(to, skb->data, csstart);

	csum = 0;
	if (csstart != skb->len)
		csum = skb_copy_and_csum_bits(skb, csstart, to + csstart,
					      skb->len - csstart, 0);

	if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_HW) {
		long csstuff = csstart + skb->csum;

		*((unsigned short *)(to + csstuff)) = csum_fold(csum);
	}
}

/**
 *	skb_dequeue - remove from the head of the queue
 *	@list: list to dequeue from
 *
 *	Remove the head of the list. The list lock is taken so the function
 *	may be used safely with other locking list functions. The head item is
 *	returned or %NULL if the list is empty.
 */

struct sk_buff *skb_dequeue(struct sk_buff_head *list)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct sk_buff *result;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&list->lock, flags);
	result = __skb_dequeue(list);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list->lock, flags);
	return result;
}

/**
 *	skb_dequeue_tail - remove from the tail of the queue
 *	@list: list to dequeue from
 *
 *	Remove the tail of the list. The list lock is taken so the function
 *	may be used safely with other locking list functions. The tail item is
 *	returned or %NULL if the list is empty.
 */
struct sk_buff *skb_dequeue_tail(struct sk_buff_head *list)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct sk_buff *result;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&list->lock, flags);
	result = __skb_dequeue_tail(list);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list->lock, flags);
	return result;
}

/**
 *	skb_queue_purge - empty a list
 *	@list: list to empty
 *
 *	Delete all buffers on an &sk_buff list. Each buffer is removed from
 *	the list and one reference dropped. This function takes the list
 *	lock and is atomic with respect to other list locking functions.
 */
void skb_queue_purge(struct sk_buff_head *list)
{
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	while ((skb = skb_dequeue(list)) != NULL)
		kfree_skb(skb);
}

/**
 *	skb_queue_head - queue a buffer at the list head
 *	@list: list to use
 *	@newsk: buffer to queue
 *
 *	Queue a buffer at the start of the list. This function takes the
 *	list lock and can be used safely with other locking &sk_buff functions
 *	safely.
 *
 *	A buffer cannot be placed on two lists at the same time.
 */
void skb_queue_head(struct sk_buff_head *list, struct sk_buff *newsk)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&list->lock, flags);
	__skb_queue_head(list, newsk);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list->lock, flags);
}

/**
 *	skb_queue_tail - queue a buffer at the list tail
 *	@list: list to use
 *	@newsk: buffer to queue
 *
 *	Queue a buffer at the tail of the list. This function takes the
 *	list lock and can be used safely with other locking &sk_buff functions
 *	safely.
 *
 *	A buffer cannot be placed on two lists at the same time.
 */
void skb_queue_tail(struct sk_buff_head *list, struct sk_buff *newsk)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&list->lock, flags);
	__skb_queue_tail(list, newsk);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list->lock, flags);
}
/**
 *	skb_unlink	-	remove a buffer from a list
 *	@skb: buffer to remove
 *
 *	Place a packet after a given packet in a list. The list locks are taken
 *	and this function is atomic with respect to other list locked calls
 *
 *	Works even without knowing the list it is sitting on, which can be
 *	handy at times. It also means that THE LIST MUST EXIST when you
 *	unlink. Thus a list must have its contents unlinked before it is
 *	destroyed.
 */
void skb_unlink(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	struct sk_buff_head *list = skb->list;

	if (list) {
		unsigned long flags;

		spin_lock_irqsave(&list->lock, flags);
		if (skb->list == list)
			__skb_unlink(skb, skb->list);
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list->lock, flags);
	}
}


/**
 *	skb_append	-	append a buffer
 *	@old: buffer to insert after
 *	@newsk: buffer to insert
 *
 *	Place a packet after a given packet in a list. The list locks are taken
 *	and this function is atomic with respect to other list locked calls.
 *	A buffer cannot be placed on two lists at the same time.
 */

void skb_append(struct sk_buff *old, struct sk_buff *newsk)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&old->list->lock, flags);
	__skb_append(old, newsk);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&old->list->lock, flags);
}


/**
 *	skb_insert	-	insert a buffer
 *	@old: buffer to insert before
 *	@newsk: buffer to insert
 *
 *	Place a packet before a given packet in a list. The list locks are taken
 *	and this function is atomic with respect to other list locked calls
 *	A buffer cannot be placed on two lists at the same time.
 */

void skb_insert(struct sk_buff *old, struct sk_buff *newsk)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&old->list->lock, flags);
	__skb_insert(newsk, old->prev, old, old->list);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&old->list->lock, flags);
}

#if 0
/*
 * 	Tune the memory allocator for a new MTU size.
 */
void skb_add_mtu(int mtu)
{
	/* Must match allocation in alloc_skb */
	mtu = SKB_DATA_ALIGN(mtu) + sizeof(struct skb_shared_info);

	kmem_add_cache_size(mtu);
}
#endif

static inline void skb_split_inside_header(struct sk_buff *skb,
					   struct sk_buff* skb1,
					   const u32 len, const int pos)
{
	int i;

	memcpy(skb_put(skb1, pos - len), skb->data + len, pos - len);

	/* And move data appendix as is. */
	for (i = 0; i < skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags; i++)
		skb_shinfo(skb1)->frags[i] = skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];

	skb_shinfo(skb1)->nr_frags = skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags;
	skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags  = 0;
	skb1->data_len		   = skb->data_len;
	skb1->len		   += skb1->data_len;
	skb->data_len		   = 0;
	skb->len		   = len;
	skb->tail		   = skb->data + len;
}

static inline void skb_split_no_header(struct sk_buff *skb,
				       struct sk_buff* skb1,
				       const u32 len, int pos)
{
	int i, k = 0;
	const int nfrags = skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags;

	skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags = 0;
	skb1->len		  = skb1->data_len = skb->len - len;
	skb->len		  = len;
	skb->data_len		  = len - pos;

	for (i = 0; i < nfrags; i++) {
		int size = skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size;

		if (pos + size > len) {
			skb_shinfo(skb1)->frags[k] = skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];

			if (pos < len) {
				/* Split frag.
				 * We have two variants in this case:
				 * 1. Move all the frag to the second
				 *    part, if it is possible. F.e.
				 *    this approach is mandatory for TUX,
				 *    where splitting is expensive.
				 * 2. Split is accurately. We make this.
				 */
				get_page(skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].page);
				skb_shinfo(skb1)->frags[0].page_offset += len - pos;
				skb_shinfo(skb1)->frags[0].size -= len - pos;
				skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i].size	= len - pos;
				skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags++;
			}
			k++;
		} else
			skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags++;
		pos += size;
	}
	skb_shinfo(skb1)->nr_frags = k;
}

/**
 * skb_split - Split fragmented skb to two parts at length len.
 * @skb: the buffer to split
 * @skb1: the buffer to receive the second part
 * @len: new length for skb
 */
void skb_split(struct sk_buff *skb, struct sk_buff *skb1, const u32 len)
{
	int pos = skb_headlen(skb);

	if (len < pos)	/* Split line is inside header. */
		skb_split_inside_header(skb, skb1, len, pos);
	else		/* Second chunk has no header, nothing to copy. */
		skb_split_no_header(skb, skb1, len, pos);
}

void __init skb_init(void)
{
	skbuff_head_cache = kmem_cache_create("skbuff_head_cache",
					      sizeof(struct sk_buff),
					      0,
					      SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN,
					      NULL, NULL);
	if (!skbuff_head_cache)
		panic("cannot create skbuff cache");
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(___pskb_trim);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kfree_skb);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__pskb_pull_tail);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_skb);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pskb_copy);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pskb_expand_head);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_checksum);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_clone);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_clone_fraglist);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_copy);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_copy_and_csum_bits);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_copy_and_csum_dev);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_copy_bits);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_copy_expand);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_over_panic);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_pad);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_realloc_headroom);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_under_panic);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_dequeue);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_dequeue_tail);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_insert);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_queue_purge);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_queue_head);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_queue_tail);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_unlink);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_append);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_split);