linux/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c

#include <linux/init.h>

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include <asm/cache.h>
#include <asm/apic.h>
#include <asm/uv/uv.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>

/*
 *	TLB flushing, formerly SMP-only
 *		c/o Linus Torvalds.
 *
 *	These mean you can really definitely utterly forget about
 *	writing to user space from interrupts. (Its not allowed anyway).
 *
 *	Optimizations Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
 *
 *	More scalable flush, from Andi Kleen
 *
 *	Implement flush IPI by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR, Alex Shi
 */

/*
 * We cannot call mmdrop() because we are in interrupt context,
 * instead update mm->cpu_vm_mask.
 */
void leave_mm(int cpu)
{
	struct mm_struct *active_mm = this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm);
	if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.state) == TLBSTATE_OK)
		BUG();
	if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(active_mm))) {
		cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(active_mm));
		load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
		/*
		 * This gets called in the idle path where RCU
		 * functions differently.  Tracing normally
		 * uses RCU, so we have to call the tracepoint
		 * specially here.
		 */
		trace_tlb_flush_rcuidle(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(leave_mm);

void switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
	       struct task_struct *tsk)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	switch_mm_irqs_off(prev, next, tsk);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

void switch_mm_irqs_off(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
			struct task_struct *tsk)
{
	unsigned cpu = smp_processor_id();

	if (likely(prev != next)) {
		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)) {
			/*
			 * If our current stack is in vmalloc space and isn't
			 * mapped in the new pgd, we'll double-fault.  Forcibly
			 * map it.
			 */
			unsigned int stack_pgd_index = pgd_index(current_stack_pointer());

			pgd_t *pgd = next->pgd + stack_pgd_index;

			if (unlikely(pgd_none(*pgd)))
				set_pgd(pgd, init_mm.pgd[stack_pgd_index]);
		}

		this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.state, TLBSTATE_OK);
		this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm, next);

		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next));

		/*
		 * Re-load page tables.
		 *
		 * This logic has an ordering constraint:
		 *
		 *  CPU 0: Write to a PTE for 'next'
		 *  CPU 0: load bit 1 in mm_cpumask.  if nonzero, send IPI.
		 *  CPU 1: set bit 1 in next's mm_cpumask
		 *  CPU 1: load from the PTE that CPU 0 writes (implicit)
		 *
		 * We need to prevent an outcome in which CPU 1 observes
		 * the new PTE value and CPU 0 observes bit 1 clear in
		 * mm_cpumask.  (If that occurs, then the IPI will never
		 * be sent, and CPU 0's TLB will contain a stale entry.)
		 *
		 * The bad outcome can occur if either CPU's load is
		 * reordered before that CPU's store, so both CPUs must
		 * execute full barriers to prevent this from happening.
		 *
		 * Thus, switch_mm needs a full barrier between the
		 * store to mm_cpumask and any operation that could load
		 * from next->pgd.  TLB fills are special and can happen
		 * due to instruction fetches or for no reason at all,
		 * and neither LOCK nor MFENCE orders them.
		 * Fortunately, load_cr3() is serializing and gives the
		 * ordering guarantee we need.
		 *
		 */
		load_cr3(next->pgd);

		trace_tlb_flush(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);

		/* Stop flush ipis for the previous mm */
		cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(prev));

		/* Load per-mm CR4 state */
		load_mm_cr4(next);

#ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
		/*
		 * Load the LDT, if the LDT is different.
		 *
		 * It's possible that prev->context.ldt doesn't match
		 * the LDT register.  This can happen if leave_mm(prev)
		 * was called and then modify_ldt changed
		 * prev->context.ldt but suppressed an IPI to this CPU.
		 * In this case, prev->context.ldt != NULL, because we
		 * never set context.ldt to NULL while the mm still
		 * exists.  That means that next->context.ldt !=
		 * prev->context.ldt, because mms never share an LDT.
		 */
		if (unlikely(prev->context.ldt != next->context.ldt))
			load_mm_ldt(next);
#endif
	} else {
		this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.state, TLBSTATE_OK);
		BUG_ON(this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm) != next);

		if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next))) {
			/*
			 * On established mms, the mm_cpumask is only changed
			 * from irq context, from ptep_clear_flush() while in
			 * lazy tlb mode, and here. Irqs are blocked during
			 * schedule, protecting us from simultaneous changes.
			 */
			cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next));

			/*
			 * We were in lazy tlb mode and leave_mm disabled
			 * tlb flush IPI delivery. We must reload CR3
			 * to make sure to use no freed page tables.
			 *
			 * As above, load_cr3() is serializing and orders TLB
			 * fills with respect to the mm_cpumask write.
			 */
			load_cr3(next->pgd);
			trace_tlb_flush(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
			load_mm_cr4(next);
			load_mm_ldt(next);
		}
	}
}

/*
 * The flush IPI assumes that a thread switch happens in this order:
 * [cpu0: the cpu that switches]
 * 1) switch_mm() either 1a) or 1b)
 * 1a) thread switch to a different mm
 * 1a1) set cpu_tlbstate to TLBSTATE_OK
 *	Now the tlb flush NMI handler flush_tlb_func won't call leave_mm
 *	if cpu0 was in lazy tlb mode.
 * 1a2) update cpu active_mm
 *	Now cpu0 accepts tlb flushes for the new mm.
 * 1a3) cpu_set(cpu, new_mm->cpu_vm_mask);
 *	Now the other cpus will send tlb flush ipis.
 * 1a4) change cr3.
 * 1a5) cpu_clear(cpu, old_mm->cpu_vm_mask);
 *	Stop ipi delivery for the old mm. This is not synchronized with
 *	the other cpus, but flush_tlb_func ignore flush ipis for the wrong
 *	mm, and in the worst case we perform a superfluous tlb flush.
 * 1b) thread switch without mm change
 *	cpu active_mm is correct, cpu0 already handles flush ipis.
 * 1b1) set cpu_tlbstate to TLBSTATE_OK
 * 1b2) test_and_set the cpu bit in cpu_vm_mask.
 *	Atomically set the bit [other cpus will start sending flush ipis],
 *	and test the bit.
 * 1b3) if the bit was 0: leave_mm was called, flush the tlb.
 * 2) switch %%esp, ie current
 *
 * The interrupt must handle 2 special cases:
 * - cr3 is changed before %%esp, ie. it cannot use current->{active_,}mm.
 * - the cpu performs speculative tlb reads, i.e. even if the cpu only
 *   runs in kernel space, the cpu could load tlb entries for user space
 *   pages.
 *
 * The good news is that cpu_tlbstate is local to each cpu, no
 * write/read ordering problems.
 */

static void flush_tlb_func_common(const struct flush_tlb_info *f,
				  bool local, enum tlb_flush_reason reason)
{
	if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.state) != TLBSTATE_OK) {
		leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
		return;
	}

	if (f->end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL) {
		local_flush_tlb();
		if (local)
			count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_LOCAL_FLUSH_ALL);
		trace_tlb_flush(reason, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
	} else {
		unsigned long addr;
		unsigned long nr_pages =
			(f->end - f->start) / PAGE_SIZE;
		addr = f->start;
		while (addr < f->end) {
			__flush_tlb_single(addr);
			addr += PAGE_SIZE;
		}
		if (local)
			count_vm_tlb_events(NR_TLB_LOCAL_FLUSH_ONE, nr_pages);
		trace_tlb_flush(reason, nr_pages);
	}
}

static void flush_tlb_func_local(void *info, enum tlb_flush_reason reason)
{
	const struct flush_tlb_info *f = info;

	flush_tlb_func_common(f, true, reason);
}

static void flush_tlb_func_remote(void *info)
{
	const struct flush_tlb_info *f = info;

	inc_irq_stat(irq_tlb_count);

	if (f->mm && f->mm != this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm))
		return;

	count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH_RECEIVED);
	flush_tlb_func_common(f, false, TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN);
}

void native_flush_tlb_others(const struct cpumask *cpumask,
			     const struct flush_tlb_info *info)
{
	count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH);
	if (info->end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL)
		trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SEND_IPI, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
	else
		trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SEND_IPI,
				(info->end - info->start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);

	if (is_uv_system()) {
		unsigned int cpu;

		cpu = smp_processor_id();
		cpumask = uv_flush_tlb_others(cpumask, info);
		if (cpumask)
			smp_call_function_many(cpumask, flush_tlb_func_remote,
					       (void *)info, 1);
		return;
	}
	smp_call_function_many(cpumask, flush_tlb_func_remote,
			       (void *)info, 1);
}

/*
 * See Documentation/x86/tlb.txt for details.  We choose 33
 * because it is large enough to cover the vast majority (at
 * least 95%) of allocations, and is small enough that we are
 * confident it will not cause too much overhead.  Each single
 * flush is about 100 ns, so this caps the maximum overhead at
 * _about_ 3,000 ns.
 *
 * This is in units of pages.
 */
static unsigned long tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling __read_mostly = 33;

void flush_tlb_mm_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
				unsigned long end, unsigned long vmflag)
{
	int cpu;

	struct flush_tlb_info info = {
		.mm = mm,
	};

	cpu = get_cpu();

	/* Synchronize with switch_mm. */
	smp_mb();

	/* Should we flush just the requested range? */
	if ((end != TLB_FLUSH_ALL) &&
	    !(vmflag & VM_HUGETLB) &&
	    ((end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) <= tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling) {
		info.start = start;
		info.end = end;
	} else {
		info.start = 0UL;
		info.end = TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
	}

	if (mm == current->active_mm)
		flush_tlb_func_local(&info, TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN);
	if (cpumask_any_but(mm_cpumask(mm), cpu) < nr_cpu_ids)
		flush_tlb_others(mm_cpumask(mm), &info);
	put_cpu();
}


static void do_flush_tlb_all(void *info)
{
	count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH_RECEIVED);
	__flush_tlb_all();
	if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.state) == TLBSTATE_LAZY)
		leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
}

void flush_tlb_all(void)
{
	count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH);
	on_each_cpu(do_flush_tlb_all, NULL, 1);
}

static void do_kernel_range_flush(void *info)
{
	struct flush_tlb_info *f = info;
	unsigned long addr;

	/* flush range by one by one 'invlpg' */
	for (addr = f->start; addr < f->end; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
		__flush_tlb_single(addr);
}

void flush_tlb_kernel_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{

	/* Balance as user space task's flush, a bit conservative */
	if (end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL ||
	    (end - start) > tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling * PAGE_SIZE) {
		on_each_cpu(do_flush_tlb_all, NULL, 1);
	} else {
		struct flush_tlb_info info;
		info.start = start;
		info.end = end;
		on_each_cpu(do_kernel_range_flush, &info, 1);
	}
}

void arch_tlbbatch_flush(struct arch_tlbflush_unmap_batch *batch)
{
	struct flush_tlb_info info = {
		.mm = NULL,
		.start = 0UL,
		.end = TLB_FLUSH_ALL,
	};

	int cpu = get_cpu();

	if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &batch->cpumask))
		flush_tlb_func_local(&info, TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN);
	if (cpumask_any_but(&batch->cpumask, cpu) < nr_cpu_ids)
		flush_tlb_others(&batch->cpumask, &info);
	cpumask_clear(&batch->cpumask);

	put_cpu();
}

static ssize_t tlbflush_read_file(struct file *file, char __user *user_buf,
			     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	char buf[32];
	unsigned int len;

	len = sprintf(buf, "%ld\n", tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling);
	return simple_read_from_buffer(user_buf, count, ppos, buf, len);
}

static ssize_t tlbflush_write_file(struct file *file,
		 const char __user *user_buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	char buf[32];
	ssize_t len;
	int ceiling;

	len = min(count, sizeof(buf) - 1);
	if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buf, len))
		return -EFAULT;

	buf[len] = '\0';
	if (kstrtoint(buf, 0, &ceiling))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (ceiling < 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling = ceiling;
	return count;
}

static const struct file_operations fops_tlbflush = {
	.read = tlbflush_read_file,
	.write = tlbflush_write_file,
	.llseek = default_llseek,
};

static int __init create_tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling(void)
{
	debugfs_create_file("tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
			    arch_debugfs_dir, NULL, &fops_tlbflush);
	return 0;
}
late_initcall(create_tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling);