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linux/arch/arm/lib/memmove.S
Nicolas Pitre 7549423000 [ARM] 2947/1: copy template with new memcpy/memmove 
Patch from Nicolas Pitre

This patch provides a new implementation for optimized memory copy
functions on ARM.  It is made of two levels: a template that consists of
the core copy code and separate files that define macros to be used with
the core code depending on the type of copy needed. This allows for best
performances while sharing the same core for implementing memcpy(),
copy_from_user() and copy_to_user() for instance.

Two reasons for this work:

1) the current copy_to_user/copy_from_user implementation assumes no
   task switch will ever occur in the middle of each copied page making
   it completely unsafe with CONFIG_PREEMPT=y.

2) current copy implementations are measurably suboptimal and optimizing
   different implementations separately is a pain and more opportunities
   for bugs.

The reason for (1) is the fact that copy inside user pages are performed
with the ldm instruction which has no mean for testing user protections
and could possibly race with process preemption bypassing the COW mechanism
for example.  This is a longstanding issue that we said ought to be fixed
for about two years now.  The solution is to substitute those ldm insns
with a series of ldrt or strt insns to enforce user memory protection.
At least on StrongARM and XScale cores the ldm is not faster than the
equivalent ldr/str insns with a warm i-cache so there is no measurable
performance degradation with that change. The fact that the copy code is
a template makes it pretty easy to reuse the same core code as for memcpy
and benefit from the same performance optimizations.

Now (2) is best demonstrated with actual throughput measurements.
First, here is a summary of memcopy tests performed on a StrongARM core:

	PTR alignment	buffer size	kernel version	this version
	------------------------------------------------------------
	  aligned	     32		 59.73		107.43
	unaligned	     32		 61.31		 74.72
	  aligned	    100		132.47		136.15
	unaligned	    100	    	103.84		123.76
	  aligned	   4096		130.67		130.80
	unaligned	   4096	    	130.68		130.64
	  aligned	1048576		 68.03		68.18
	unaligned	1048576		 68.03		68.18

The buffer size is in bytes and the measured speed in MB/s.  The copy
was performed repeatedly with given buffer and throughput averaged over
3 seconds.

Here we can see that the current kernel version has a higher entry cost
that shows up with small buffers.  As buffer size grows both implementation
converge to the same throughput.

Now here's the exact same test performed on an XScale core (PXA255):

	PTR alignment	buffer size	kernel version	this version
	------------------------------------------------------------
	  aligned	     32		 46.99		 77.58
	unaligned	     32		 53.61		 59.59
	  aligned	    100		107.19		136.59
	unaligned	    100		 83.61		 97.58
	  aligned	   4096		129.13		129.98
	unaligned	   4096		128.36		128.53
	  aligned	1048576		 53.76		 59.41
	unaligned	1048576		 33.67		 56.96

Again we can see the entry setup cost being higher for the current kernel
before getting to the main copy loop.  Then throughput results converge
as long as the buffer remains in the cache. Then the 1MB case shows more
differences probably due to better pld placement and/or less instruction
interlocks in this proposed implementation.

Disclaimer: The PXA system was running with slower clocks than the
StrongARM system so trying to infer any conclusion by comparing those
separate sets of results side by side would be completely inappropriate.

So...  What this patch does is to replace both memcpy and memmove with
an implementation based on the provided copy code template.  The memmove
code is kept separate since it is used only if the memory areas involved
do overlap in which case the code is a transposition of the template but
with the copy occurring in the opposite direction (trying to fit that
mode into the template turned it into a mess not worth it for memmove
alone).  And obviously both memcpy and memmove were tested with all kinds
of pointer alignments and buffer sizes to exercise all code paths for
correctness.

The next patch will provide the now trivial replacement implementation
copy_to_user and copy_from_user.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2005-11-01 19:52:23 +00:00

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/*
* linux/arch/arm/lib/memmove.S
*
* Author: Nicolas Pitre
* Created: Sep 28, 2005
* Copyright: (C) MontaVista Software Inc.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*/
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/assembler.h>
/*
* This can be used to enable code to cacheline align the source pointer.
* Experiments on tested architectures (StrongARM and XScale) didn't show
* this a worthwhile thing to do. That might be different in the future.
*/
//#define CALGN(code...) code
#define CALGN(code...)
.text
/*
* Prototype: void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
*
* Note:
*
* If the memory regions don't overlap, we simply branch to memcpy which is
* normally a bit faster. Otherwise the copy is done going downwards. This
* is a transposition of the code from copy_template.S but with the copy
* occurring in the opposite direction.
*/
ENTRY(memmove)
subs ip, r0, r1
cmphi r2, ip
bls memcpy
stmfd sp!, {r0, r4, lr}
add r1, r1, r2
add r0, r0, r2
subs r2, r2, #4
blt 8f
ands ip, r0, #3
PLD( pld [r1, #-4] )
bne 9f
ands ip, r1, #3
bne 10f
1: subs r2, r2, #(28)
stmfd sp!, {r5 - r8}
blt 5f
CALGN( ands ip, r1, #31 )
CALGN( sbcnes r4, ip, r2 ) @ C is always set here
CALGN( bcs 2f )
CALGN( adr r4, 6f )
CALGN( subs r2, r2, ip ) @ C is set here
CALGN( add pc, r4, ip )
PLD( pld [r1, #-4] )
2: PLD( subs r2, r2, #96 )
PLD( pld [r1, #-32] )
PLD( blt 4f )
PLD( pld [r1, #-64] )
PLD( pld [r1, #-96] )
3: PLD( pld [r1, #-128] )
4: ldmdb r1!, {r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8, ip, lr}
subs r2, r2, #32
stmdb r0!, {r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8, ip, lr}
bge 3b
PLD( cmn r2, #96 )
PLD( bge 4b )
5: ands ip, r2, #28
rsb ip, ip, #32
addne pc, pc, ip @ C is always clear here
b 7f
6: nop
ldr r3, [r1, #-4]!
ldr r4, [r1, #-4]!
ldr r5, [r1, #-4]!
ldr r6, [r1, #-4]!
ldr r7, [r1, #-4]!
ldr r8, [r1, #-4]!
ldr lr, [r1, #-4]!
add pc, pc, ip
nop
nop
str r3, [r0, #-4]!
str r4, [r0, #-4]!
str r5, [r0, #-4]!
str r6, [r0, #-4]!
str r7, [r0, #-4]!
str r8, [r0, #-4]!
str lr, [r0, #-4]!
CALGN( bcs 2b )
7: ldmfd sp!, {r5 - r8}
8: movs r2, r2, lsl #31
ldrneb r3, [r1, #-1]!
ldrcsb r4, [r1, #-1]!
ldrcsb ip, [r1, #-1]
strneb r3, [r0, #-1]!
strcsb r4, [r0, #-1]!
strcsb ip, [r0, #-1]
ldmfd sp!, {r0, r4, pc}
9: cmp ip, #2
ldrgtb r3, [r1, #-1]!
ldrgeb r4, [r1, #-1]!
ldrb lr, [r1, #-1]!
strgtb r3, [r0, #-1]!
strgeb r4, [r0, #-1]!
subs r2, r2, ip
strb lr, [r0, #-1]!
blt 8b
ands ip, r1, #3
beq 1b
10: bic r1, r1, #3
cmp ip, #2
ldr r3, [r1, #0]
beq 17f
blt 18f
.macro backward_copy_shift push pull
subs r2, r2, #28
blt 14f
CALGN( ands ip, r1, #31 )
CALGN( rsb ip, ip, #32 )
CALGN( sbcnes r4, ip, r2 ) @ C is always set here
CALGN( subcc r2, r2, ip )
CALGN( bcc 15f )
11: stmfd sp!, {r5 - r9}
PLD( pld [r1, #-4] )
PLD( subs r2, r2, #96 )
PLD( pld [r1, #-32] )
PLD( blt 13f )
PLD( pld [r1, #-64] )
PLD( pld [r1, #-96] )
12: PLD( pld [r1, #-128] )
13: ldmdb r1!, {r7, r8, r9, ip}
mov lr, r3, push #\push
subs r2, r2, #32
ldmdb r1!, {r3, r4, r5, r6}
orr lr, lr, ip, pull #\pull
mov ip, ip, push #\push
orr ip, ip, r9, pull #\pull
mov r9, r9, push #\push
orr r9, r9, r8, pull #\pull
mov r8, r8, push #\push
orr r8, r8, r7, pull #\pull
mov r7, r7, push #\push
orr r7, r7, r6, pull #\pull
mov r6, r6, push #\push
orr r6, r6, r5, pull #\pull
mov r5, r5, push #\push
orr r5, r5, r4, pull #\pull
mov r4, r4, push #\push
orr r4, r4, r3, pull #\pull
stmdb r0!, {r4 - r9, ip, lr}
bge 12b
PLD( cmn r2, #96 )
PLD( bge 13b )
ldmfd sp!, {r5 - r9}
14: ands ip, r2, #28
beq 16f
15: mov lr, r3, push #\push
ldr r3, [r1, #-4]!
subs ip, ip, #4
orr lr, lr, r3, pull #\pull
str lr, [r0, #-4]!
bgt 15b
CALGN( cmp r2, #0 )
CALGN( bge 11b )
16: add r1, r1, #(\pull / 8)
b 8b
.endm
backward_copy_shift push=8 pull=24
17: backward_copy_shift push=16 pull=16
18: backward_copy_shift push=24 pull=8
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