forked from Minki/linux
91ed53491f
The I2C core became quite huge and its monolithic structure makes maintenance hard. So, prepare to break out some functionality into separate files by renaming the source file. Note that we keep the resulting object name constant to avoid regressions. Reviewed-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>
47 lines
2.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
47 lines
2.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
I\ :sup:`2`\ C and SMBus Subsystem
|
|
==================================
|
|
|
|
I\ :sup:`2`\ C (or without fancy typography, "I2C") is an acronym for
|
|
the "Inter-IC" bus, a simple bus protocol which is widely used where low
|
|
data rate communications suffice. Since it's also a licensed trademark,
|
|
some vendors use another name (such as "Two-Wire Interface", TWI) for
|
|
the same bus. I2C only needs two signals (SCL for clock, SDA for data),
|
|
conserving board real estate and minimizing signal quality issues. Most
|
|
I2C devices use seven bit addresses, and bus speeds of up to 400 kHz;
|
|
there's a high speed extension (3.4 MHz) that's not yet found wide use.
|
|
I2C is a multi-master bus; open drain signaling is used to arbitrate
|
|
between masters, as well as to handshake and to synchronize clocks from
|
|
slower clients.
|
|
|
|
The Linux I2C programming interfaces support only the master side of bus
|
|
interactions, not the slave side. The programming interface is
|
|
structured around two kinds of driver, and two kinds of device. An I2C
|
|
"Adapter Driver" abstracts the controller hardware; it binds to a
|
|
physical device (perhaps a PCI device or platform_device) and exposes a
|
|
:c:type:`struct i2c_adapter <i2c_adapter>` representing each
|
|
I2C bus segment it manages. On each I2C bus segment will be I2C devices
|
|
represented by a :c:type:`struct i2c_client <i2c_client>`.
|
|
Those devices will be bound to a :c:type:`struct i2c_driver
|
|
<i2c_driver>`, which should follow the standard Linux driver
|
|
model. (At this writing, a legacy model is more widely used.) There are
|
|
functions to perform various I2C protocol operations; at this writing
|
|
all such functions are usable only from task context.
|
|
|
|
The System Management Bus (SMBus) is a sibling protocol. Most SMBus
|
|
systems are also I2C conformant. The electrical constraints are tighter
|
|
for SMBus, and it standardizes particular protocol messages and idioms.
|
|
Controllers that support I2C can also support most SMBus operations, but
|
|
SMBus controllers don't support all the protocol options that an I2C
|
|
controller will. There are functions to perform various SMBus protocol
|
|
operations, either using I2C primitives or by issuing SMBus commands to
|
|
i2c_adapter devices which don't support those I2C operations.
|
|
|
|
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/i2c.h
|
|
:internal:
|
|
|
|
.. kernel-doc:: drivers/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c
|
|
:functions: i2c_register_board_info
|
|
|
|
.. kernel-doc:: drivers/i2c/i2c-core-base.c
|
|
:export:
|