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Author SHA1 Message Date
Greg Kroah-Hartman
b24413180f License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
Behan Webster
aa93685afb LLVMLinux: Remove warning about returning an uninitialized variable 
Fix uninitialized return code in default case in cmpxchg-local.h

This patch fixes the code to prevent an uninitialized return value that is detected
when compiling with clang. The bug produces numerous warnings when compiling the
Linux kernel with clang.

Signed-off-by: Behan Webster <behanw@converseincode.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Charlebois <charlebm@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
 2014-04-09 13:44:35 -07:00
Ingo Molnar
5042afe7fe generic: Use raw local irq variant for generic cmpxchg 
The interrupt disabled region is extremly tiny and therefor not
latency relevant. Avoid cluttering the traces with those pointless
entries.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
 2013-02-19 08:43:37 +01:00
David Howells
df9ee29270 Fix IRQ flag handling naming 
Fix the IRQ flag handling naming.  In linux/irqflags.h under one configuration,
it maps:

	local_irq_enable() -> raw_local_irq_enable()
	local_irq_disable() -> raw_local_irq_disable()
	local_irq_save() -> raw_local_irq_save()
	...

and under the other configuration, it maps:

	raw_local_irq_enable() -> local_irq_enable()
	raw_local_irq_disable() -> local_irq_disable()
	raw_local_irq_save() -> local_irq_save()
	...

This is quite confusing.  There should be one set of names expected of the
arch, and this should be wrapped to give another set of names that are expected
by users of this facility.

Change this to have the arch provide:

	flags = arch_local_save_flags()
	flags = arch_local_irq_save()
	arch_local_irq_restore(flags)
	arch_local_irq_disable()
	arch_local_irq_enable()
	arch_irqs_disabled_flags(flags)
	arch_irqs_disabled()
	arch_safe_halt()

Then linux/irqflags.h wraps these to provide:

	raw_local_save_flags(flags)
	raw_local_irq_save(flags)
	raw_local_irq_restore(flags)
	raw_local_irq_disable()
	raw_local_irq_enable()
	raw_irqs_disabled_flags(flags)
	raw_irqs_disabled()
	raw_safe_halt()

with type checking on the flags 'arguments', and then wraps those to provide:

	local_save_flags(flags)
	local_irq_save(flags)
	local_irq_restore(flags)
	local_irq_disable()
	local_irq_enable()
	irqs_disabled_flags(flags)
	irqs_disabled()
	safe_halt()

with tracing included if enabled.

The arch functions can now all be inline functions rather than some of them
having to be macros.

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> [X86, FRV, MN10300]
Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> [Tile]
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> [Microblaze]
Tested-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [ARM]
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <haavard.skinnemoen@atmel.com> [AVR]
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> [IA-64]
Acked-by: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> [M32R]
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org> [M68K/M68KNOMMU]
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> [MIPS]
Acked-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> [PA-RISC]
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> [PowerPC]
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> [S390]
Acked-by: Chen Liqin <liqin.chen@sunplusct.com> [Score]
Acked-by: Matt Fleming <matt@console-pimps.org> [SH]
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> [Sparc]
Acked-by: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> [Xtensa]
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> [Alpha]
Reviewed-by: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> [H8300]
Cc: starvik@axis.com [CRIS]
Cc: jesper.nilsson@axis.com [CRIS]
Cc: linux-cris-kernel@axis.com
 2010-10-07 14:08:55 +01:00
Mathieu Desnoyers
068fbad288 Add cmpxchg_local to asm-generic for per cpu atomic operations 
Emulates the cmpxchg_local by disabling interrupts around variable modification.
This is not reentrant wrt NMIs and MCEs. It is only protected against normal
interrupts, but this is enough for architectures without such interrupt sources
or if used in a context where the data is not shared with such handlers.

It can be used as a fallback for architectures lacking a real cmpxchg
instruction.

For architectures that have a real cmpxchg but does not have NMIs or MCE,
testing which of the generic vs architecture specific cmpxchg is the fastest
should be done.

asm-generic/cmpxchg.h defines a cmpxchg that uses cmpxchg_local. It is meant to
be used as a cmpxchg fallback for architectures that do not support SMP.

* Patch series comments

Using cmpxchg_local shows a performance improvements of the fast path goes from
a 66% speedup on a Pentium 4 to a 14% speedup on AMD64.

In detail:

Tested-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Measurements on a Pentium4, 3GHz, Hyperthread.
SLUB Performance testing
========================
1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test

* slub HEAD, test 1
kmalloc(8) = 201 cycles         kfree = 351 cycles
kmalloc(16) = 198 cycles        kfree = 359 cycles
kmalloc(32) = 200 cycles        kfree = 381 cycles
kmalloc(64) = 224 cycles        kfree = 394 cycles
kmalloc(128) = 285 cycles       kfree = 424 cycles
kmalloc(256) = 411 cycles       kfree = 546 cycles
kmalloc(512) = 480 cycles       kfree = 619 cycles
kmalloc(1024) = 623 cycles      kfree = 750 cycles
kmalloc(2048) = 686 cycles      kfree = 811 cycles
kmalloc(4096) = 482 cycles      kfree = 538 cycles
kmalloc(8192) = 680 cycles      kfree = 734 cycles
kmalloc(16384) = 713 cycles     kfree = 843 cycles

* Slub HEAD, test 2
kmalloc(8) = 190 cycles         kfree = 351 cycles
kmalloc(16) = 195 cycles        kfree = 360 cycles
kmalloc(32) = 201 cycles        kfree = 370 cycles
kmalloc(64) = 245 cycles        kfree = 389 cycles
kmalloc(128) = 283 cycles       kfree = 413 cycles
kmalloc(256) = 409 cycles       kfree = 547 cycles
kmalloc(512) = 476 cycles       kfree = 616 cycles
kmalloc(1024) = 628 cycles      kfree = 753 cycles
kmalloc(2048) = 684 cycles      kfree = 811 cycles
kmalloc(4096) = 480 cycles      kfree = 539 cycles
kmalloc(8192) = 661 cycles      kfree = 746 cycles
kmalloc(16384) = 741 cycles     kfree = 856 cycles

* cmpxchg_local Slub test
kmalloc(8) = 83 cycles          kfree = 363 cycles
kmalloc(16) = 85 cycles         kfree = 372 cycles
kmalloc(32) = 92 cycles         kfree = 377 cycles
kmalloc(64) = 115 cycles        kfree = 397 cycles
kmalloc(128) = 179 cycles       kfree = 438 cycles
kmalloc(256) = 314 cycles       kfree = 564 cycles
kmalloc(512) = 398 cycles       kfree = 615 cycles
kmalloc(1024) = 573 cycles      kfree = 745 cycles
kmalloc(2048) = 629 cycles      kfree = 816 cycles
kmalloc(4096) = 473 cycles      kfree = 548 cycles
kmalloc(8192) = 659 cycles      kfree = 745 cycles
kmalloc(16384) = 724 cycles     kfree = 843 cycles

2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test

* slub HEAD, test 1
kmalloc(8)/kfree = 322 cycles
kmalloc(16)/kfree = 318 cycles
kmalloc(32)/kfree = 318 cycles
kmalloc(64)/kfree = 325 cycles
kmalloc(128)/kfree = 318 cycles
kmalloc(256)/kfree = 328 cycles
kmalloc(512)/kfree = 328 cycles
kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 328 cycles
kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 328 cycles
kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 678 cycles
kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 1013 cycles
kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 1157 cycles

* Slub HEAD, test 2
kmalloc(8)/kfree = 323 cycles
kmalloc(16)/kfree = 318 cycles
kmalloc(32)/kfree = 318 cycles
kmalloc(64)/kfree = 318 cycles
kmalloc(128)/kfree = 318 cycles
kmalloc(256)/kfree = 328 cycles
kmalloc(512)/kfree = 328 cycles
kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 328 cycles
kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 328 cycles
kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 648 cycles
kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 1009 cycles
kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 1105 cycles

* cmpxchg_local Slub test
kmalloc(8)/kfree = 112 cycles
kmalloc(16)/kfree = 103 cycles
kmalloc(32)/kfree = 103 cycles
kmalloc(64)/kfree = 103 cycles
kmalloc(128)/kfree = 112 cycles
kmalloc(256)/kfree = 111 cycles
kmalloc(512)/kfree = 111 cycles
kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 111 cycles
kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 121 cycles
kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 650 cycles
kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 1042 cycles
kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 1149 cycles

Tested-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Measurements on a AMD64 2.0 GHz dual-core

In this test, we seem to remove 10 cycles from the kmalloc fast path.
On small allocations, it gives a 14% performance increase. kfree fast
path also seems to have a 10 cycles improvement.

1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test

* cmpxchg_local slub
kmalloc(8) = 63 cycles      kfree = 126 cycles
kmalloc(16) = 66 cycles     kfree = 129 cycles
kmalloc(32) = 76 cycles     kfree = 138 cycles
kmalloc(64) = 100 cycles    kfree = 288 cycles
kmalloc(128) = 128 cycles   kfree = 309 cycles
kmalloc(256) = 170 cycles   kfree = 315 cycles
kmalloc(512) = 221 cycles   kfree = 357 cycles
kmalloc(1024) = 324 cycles  kfree = 393 cycles
kmalloc(2048) = 354 cycles  kfree = 440 cycles
kmalloc(4096) = 394 cycles  kfree = 330 cycles
kmalloc(8192) = 523 cycles  kfree = 481 cycles
kmalloc(16384) = 643 cycles kfree = 649 cycles

* Base
kmalloc(8) = 74 cycles      kfree = 113 cycles
kmalloc(16) = 76 cycles     kfree = 116 cycles
kmalloc(32) = 85 cycles     kfree = 133 cycles
kmalloc(64) = 111 cycles    kfree = 279 cycles
kmalloc(128) = 138 cycles   kfree = 294 cycles
kmalloc(256) = 181 cycles   kfree = 304 cycles
kmalloc(512) = 237 cycles   kfree = 327 cycles
kmalloc(1024) = 340 cycles  kfree = 379 cycles
kmalloc(2048) = 378 cycles  kfree = 433 cycles
kmalloc(4096) = 399 cycles  kfree = 329 cycles
kmalloc(8192) = 528 cycles  kfree = 624 cycles
kmalloc(16384) = 651 cycles kfree = 737 cycles

2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test

* cmpxchg_local slub
kmalloc(8)/kfree = 96 cycles
kmalloc(16)/kfree = 97 cycles
kmalloc(32)/kfree = 97 cycles
kmalloc(64)/kfree = 97 cycles
kmalloc(128)/kfree = 97 cycles
kmalloc(256)/kfree = 105 cycles
kmalloc(512)/kfree = 108 cycles
kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 105 cycles
kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 107 cycles
kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 390 cycles
kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 626 cycles
kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 662 cycles

* Base
kmalloc(8)/kfree = 116 cycles
kmalloc(16)/kfree = 116 cycles
kmalloc(32)/kfree = 116 cycles
kmalloc(64)/kfree = 116 cycles
kmalloc(128)/kfree = 116 cycles
kmalloc(256)/kfree = 126 cycles
kmalloc(512)/kfree = 126 cycles
kmalloc(1024)/kfree = 126 cycles
kmalloc(2048)/kfree = 126 cycles
kmalloc(4096)/kfree = 384 cycles
kmalloc(8192)/kfree = 749 cycles
kmalloc(16384)/kfree = 786 cycles

Tested-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
I can confirm Mathieus' measurement now:

Athlon64:

regular NUMA/discontig

1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
10000 times kmalloc(8) -> 79 cycles kfree -> 92 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16) -> 79 cycles kfree -> 93 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32) -> 88 cycles kfree -> 95 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64) -> 124 cycles kfree -> 132 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128) -> 157 cycles kfree -> 247 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256) -> 200 cycles kfree -> 257 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512) -> 250 cycles kfree -> 277 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 337 cycles kfree -> 314 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 365 cycles kfree -> 330 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 352 cycles kfree -> 240 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192) -> 456 cycles kfree -> 340 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384) -> 646 cycles kfree -> 471 cycles
2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
10000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 124 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 124 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 124 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 124 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 124 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 132 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 132 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 132 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 132 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 319 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192)/kfree -> 486 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384)/kfree -> 539 cycles

cmpxchg_local NUMA/discontig

1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
10000 times kmalloc(8) -> 55 cycles kfree -> 90 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16) -> 55 cycles kfree -> 92 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32) -> 70 cycles kfree -> 91 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64) -> 100 cycles kfree -> 141 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128) -> 128 cycles kfree -> 233 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256) -> 172 cycles kfree -> 251 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512) -> 225 cycles kfree -> 275 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 325 cycles kfree -> 311 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 346 cycles kfree -> 330 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 351 cycles kfree -> 238 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192) -> 450 cycles kfree -> 342 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384) -> 630 cycles kfree -> 546 cycles
2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
10000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 81 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 81 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 81 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 81 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 81 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 91 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 90 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 91 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 90 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 318 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(8192)/kfree -> 483 cycles
10000 times kmalloc(16384)/kfree -> 536 cycles

Changelog:
- Ran though checkpatch.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 2008-02-07 08:42:30 -08:00