Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The ESSA instruction has a new option that allows to tag pages that
are not used as a page table. Without the tag the hypervisor has to
assume that any guest page could be used in a page table inside the
guest. This forces the hypervisor to flush all guest TLB entries
whenever a host page table entry is invalidated. With the tag
the host can skip the TLB flush if the page is tagged as normal page.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Sebastian reported a crash caused by a jump label mismatch after resume.
This happens because we do not save the kernel text section during suspend
and therefore also do not restore it during resume, but use the kernel image
that restores the old system.
This means that after a suspend/resume cycle we lost all modifications done
to the kernel text section.
The reason for this is the pfn_is_nosave() function, which incorrectly
returns that read-only pages don't need to be saved. This is incorrect since
we mark the kernel text section read-only.
We still need to make sure to not save and restore pages contained within
NSS and DCSS segment.
To fix this add an extra case for the kernel text section and only save
those pages if they are not contained within an NSS segment.
Fixes the following crash (and the above bugs as well):
Jump label code mismatch at netif_receive_skb_internal+0x28/0xd0
Found: c0 04 00 00 00 00
Expected: c0 f4 00 00 00 11
New: c0 04 00 00 00 00
Kernel panic - not syncing: Corrupted kernel text
CPU: 0 PID: 9 Comm: migration/0 Not tainted 3.19.0-01975-gb1b096e70f23 #4
Call Trace:
[<0000000000113972>] show_stack+0x72/0xf0
[<000000000081f15e>] dump_stack+0x6e/0x90
[<000000000081c4e8>] panic+0x108/0x2b0
[<000000000081be64>] jump_label_bug.isra.2+0x104/0x108
[<0000000000112176>] __jump_label_transform+0x9e/0xd0
[<00000000001121e6>] __sm_arch_jump_label_transform+0x3e/0x50
[<00000000001d1136>] multi_cpu_stop+0x12e/0x170
[<00000000001d1472>] cpu_stopper_thread+0xb2/0x168
[<000000000015d2ac>] smpboot_thread_fn+0x134/0x1b0
[<0000000000158baa>] kthread+0x10a/0x110
[<0000000000824a86>] kernel_thread_starter+0x6/0xc
Reported-and-tested-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The different architectures used their own (and different) declarations:
extern __visible const void __nosave_begin, __nosave_end;
extern const void __nosave_begin, __nosave_end;
extern long __nosave_begin, __nosave_end;
Consolidate them using the first variant in <asm/sections.h>.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make various functions static, add declarations to header files to
fix a couple of sparse findings.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Function handles may change while the system was in hibernation
use list pci functions and update the function handles.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Some functions that do arch specific resume actions are called
directly from swsusp_asm64.S . Before we add another function call
provide a generic s390_early_resume function which can be used
for this purpose.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Since commit 5f954c34 ([S390] hibernation: fix lowcore handling)
the absolute zero lowcore is lost during suspend/resume.
For example, this leads to the problem that the re-IPL device
for kdump is no longer set after resume.
With this patch during suspend a buffer is allocated in the new PM
notifier "suspend_pm_cb" and then the absolute zero lowcore is saved
to that buffer. The resume code then copies back this buffer to
absolute zero and afterwards the PM notifier releases the memory.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
For s390 there is one additional byte associated with each page,
the storage key. This byte contains the referenced and changed
bits and needs to be included into the hibernation image.
If the storage keys are not restored to their previous state all
original pages would appear to be dirty. This can cause
inconsistencies e.g. with read-only filesystems.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
pfn_is_nosave doesn't return the correct value for the second lowcore
page if lowcore protection is enabled. Make sure it always returns
the correct value.
While at it simplify the whole thing.
NSS special handling is done by the tprot check like it already works
for DCSS as well. So remove the extra code for NSS.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Merge the nearly empty C files and move everything from power/ to
kernel/. That way the files are easier to handle.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
