The old code only flushed a DTE or a domain TLB before it is
actually used by the IOMMU driver. While this is efficient
and works when done right it is more likely to introduce new
bugs when changing code (which happened in the past).
This patch adds code to flush all DTEs and all domain TLBs
in each IOMMU right after it is enabled (at boot and after
resume). This reduces the complexity of the driver and makes
it less likely to introduce stale-TLB bugs in the future.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
This function operates on a struct device, so give it a name
that represents that. As a side effect a new function is
introduced which operates on am iommu and a device-id. It
will be used again in a later patch.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
This patch improved the handling of commands when the IOMMU
command buffer is nearly full. In this case it issues an
completion wait command and waits until the IOMMU has
processed it before continuing queuing new commands.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
These functions all operate on protection domains and not on
singe IOMMUs. Represent that in their name.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
The logic to reset the command buffer caused more problems
than it actually helped. The logic jumped in when the IOMMU
hardware doesn't execute commands anymore but the reasons
for this are usually not fixed by just resetting the command
buffer. So the code can be removed to reduce complexity.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
This patch cleans up the implementation of completion-wait
command sending. It also switches the completion indicator
from the MMIO bit to a memory store which can be checked
without IOMMU locking.
As a side effect this patch makes the __iommu_queue_command
function obsolete and so it is removed too.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
This patch reworks the processing of invalidate-pages
commands to the IOMMU. The function building the the command
is extended so we can get rid of another function. It was
also renamed to match with the other function names.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, UV: Fix kdump reboot
x86, amd-nb: Rename CPU PCI id define for F4
sound: Add delay.h to sound/soc/codecs/sn95031.c
x86, mtrr, pat: Fix one cpu getting out of sync during resume
x86, microcode: Unregister syscore_ops after microcode unloaded
x86: Stop including <linux/delay.h> in two asm header files
* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
rcu: create new rcu_access_index() and use in mce
WARN_ON_SMP(): Add comment to explain ({0;})
The MCE subsystem needs to sample an RCU-protected index outside of
any protection for that index. If this was a pointer, we would use
rcu_access_pointer(), but there is no corresponding rcu_access_index().
This commit therefore creates an rcu_access_index() and applies it
to MCE.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Zdenek Kabelac <zkabelac@redhat.com>
After a crash dump on an SGI Altix UV system the crash kernel
fails to cause a reboot. EFI mode is disabled in the kdump
kernel, so only the reboot_type of BOOT_ACPI works.
Signed-off-by: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com>
Cc: rja@sgi.com
LKML-Reference: <E1Q5Iuo-00013b-UK@eag09.americas.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
With increasing number of PCI function ids, add the PCI function
id in the define name instead of its symbolic name in the BKDG
for more clarity. This renames function 4 define.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
LKML-Reference: <20110330183447.GA3668@aftab>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
On laptops with core i5/i7, there were reports that after resume
graphics workloads were performing poorly on a specific AP, while
the other cpu's were ok. This was observed on a 32bit kernel
specifically.
Debug showed that the PAT init was not happening on that AP
during resume and hence it contributing to the poor workload
performance on that cpu.
On this system, resume flow looked like this:
1. BP starts the resume sequence and we reinit BP's MTRR's/PAT
early on using mtrr_bp_restore()
2. Resume sequence brings all AP's online
3. Resume sequence now kicks off the MTRR reinit on all the AP's.
4. For some reason, between point 2 and 3, we moved from BP
to one of the AP's. My guess is that printk() during resume
sequence is contributing to this. We don't see similar
behavior with the 64bit kernel but there is no guarantee that
at this point the remaining resume sequence (after AP's bringup)
has to happen on BP.
5. set_mtrr() was assuming that we are still on BP and skipped the
MTRR/PAT init on that cpu (because of 1 above)
6. But we were on an AP and this led to not reprogramming PAT
on this cpu leading to bad performance.
Fix this by doing unconditional mtrr_if->set_all() in set_mtrr()
during MTRR/PAT init. This might be unnecessary if we are still
running on BP. But it is of no harm and will guarantee that after
resume, all the cpu's will be in sync with respect to the
MTRR/PAT registers.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <1301438292-28370-1-git-send-email-eric@anholt.net>
Signed-off-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Tested-by: Keith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org [v2.6.32+]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
The lonely user of the internal interface was not in the coccinelle
script.
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fix section mismatch warnings:
set_phys_range_identity() is called by __init xen_set_identity(),
so also mark set_phys_range_identity() as __init.
then:
__early_alloc_p2m() is called set_phys_range_identity(), so also mark
__early_alloc_p2m() as __init.
WARNING: arch/x86/built-in.o(.text+0x7856): Section mismatch in reference from the function __early_alloc_p2m() to the function .init.text:extend_brk()
The function __early_alloc_p2m() references
the function __init extend_brk().
This is often because __early_alloc_p2m lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of extend_brk is wrong.
WARNING: arch/x86/built-in.o(.text+0x7967): Section mismatch in reference from the function set_phys_range_identity() to the function .init.text:extend_brk()
The function set_phys_range_identity() references
the function __init extend_brk().
This is often because set_phys_range_identity lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of extend_brk is wrong.
[v2: Per Stephen Hemming recommonedation made __early_alloc_p2m static]
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Currently, microcode doesn't unregister syscore_ops after it's
unloaded. So if we modprobe then rmmod microcode, the stale
microcode syscore_ops info will stay on syscore_ops_list.
Later when we're trying to reboot/halt/shutdown the machine, kernel
will panic on syscore_shutdown().
With the patch applied, I can reboot/halt/shutdown my machine successfully.
Signed-off-by: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Cc: Tigran Aivazian <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
LKML-Reference: <1301387672-23661-1-git-send-email-dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Stop including <linux/delay.h> in x86 header files which don't
need it. This will let the compiler complain when this header is
not included by source files when it should, so that
contributors can fix the problem before building on other
architectures starts to fail.
Credits go to Geert for the idea.
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@suse.de>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
LKML-Reference: <20110325152014.297890ec@endymion.delvare>
[ this also fixes an upstream build bug in drivers/media/rc/ite-cir.c ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Omit the segment prefix in the UP case. GS is not used then
and we will generate segfaults if cmpxchg16b is used otherwise.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch fixes problem with packets that are not multiple of 64bytes.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hoban <adrian.hoban@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Aidan O'Mahony <aidan.o.mahony@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Gabriele Paoloni <gabriele.paoloni@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tadeusz Struk <tadeusz.struk@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The cs5535-pms cell doesn't actually need to be cloned, so we can drop that
and simply have the olpc-xo1.c driver use "cs5535-pms" directly.
Also, rename the cs5535-acpi clones to what we actually use for the (currently
out-of-tree) SCI driver. In the process, that fixes a subtle bug in
olpc-xo1.c which broke powerdown on XO-1s.. olpc-xo1-ac-acpi was a typo, not
something that actually existed.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Drake <dsd@laptop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@queued.net>
Signed-off-by: Samuel Ortiz <sameo@linux.intel.com>
Replace mfd_shared_platform_driver_register with mfd_clone_cell. The
former was called by an mfd client, and registered both a platform driver
and device. The latter is called by an mfd driver, and registers only a
platform device.
The downside of this is that mfd drivers need to be modified whenever
new clients are added that share a cell; the upside is that it fits
Linux's driver model better. It's also simpler.
This also converts cs5535-mfd/olpc-xo1 from the old API. cs5535-mfd
now creates the olpc-xo1-{acpi,pms} devices, while olpc-xo1 binds to
them via platform drivers.
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@queued.net>
Signed-off-by: Samuel Ortiz <sameo@linux.intel.com>
* 'syscore' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/suspend-2.6:
Introduce ARCH_NO_SYSDEV_OPS config option (v2)
cpufreq: Use syscore_ops for boot CPU suspend/resume (v2)
KVM: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev class and sysdev
PCI / Intel IOMMU: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev class and sysdev
timekeeping: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev class and sysdev
x86: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev classes and sysdevs
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwessel/linux-2.6-kgdb:
kdb: add usage string of 'per_cpu' command
kgdb,x86_64: fix compile warning found with sparse
kdb: code cleanup to use macro instead of value
kgdboc,kgdbts: strlen() doesn't count the terminator
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
perf, x86: Complain louder about BIOSen corrupting CPU/PMU state and continue
perf, x86: P4 PMU - Read proper MSR register to catch unflagged overflows
perf symbols: Look at .dynsym again if .symtab not found
perf build-id: Add quirk to deal with perf.data file format breakage
perf session: Pass evsel in event_ops->sample()
perf: Better fit max unprivileged mlock pages for tools needs
perf_events: Fix stale ->cgrp pointer in update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx()
perf top: Fix uninitialized 'counter' variable
tracing: Fix set_ftrace_filter probe function display
perf, x86: Fix Intel fixed counters base initialization
* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
futex: Fix WARN_ON() test for UP
WARN_ON_SMP(): Allow use in if() statements on UP
x86, dumpstack: Use %pB format specifier for stack trace
vsprintf: Introduce %pB format specifier
lockdep: Remove unused 'factor' variable from lockdep_stats_show()
Fix sparse warning:
arch/x86/kernel/kgdb.c:123:9: warning: switch with no cases
Reported-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Eric Dumazet reported that hardware PMU events do not work on his
system, due to the BIOS corrupting PMU state:
Performance Events: PEBS fmt0+, Core2 events, Broken BIOS detected, using software events only.
[Firmware Bug]: the BIOS has corrupted hw-PMU resources (MSR 186 is 43003c)
Linus suggested that we continue in the face of such BIOS-induced CPU
state corruption:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2011/3/24/608
Such BIOSes will have to be fixed - Linux developers rely on a working and
fully capable PMU and the BIOS interfering with the CPU's PMU state is simply
not acceptable.
So this patch changes perf to continue when it detects such BIOS
interaction, some hardware events may be unreliable due to the BIOS
writing and re-writing them - there's not much the kernel can do
about that but to detect the corruption and report it.
Reported-and-tested-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
That call escaped the name space cleanup. Fix it up.
We really want to call there. The chip might have changed since the
irq was setup initially. So let the core code and the chip decide what
to do. The status is just an unreliable snapshot.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
The xlate() function returns 0 or a negative error code. Returning the
error code blindly will be seen as an huge irq number by the calling
function because irq_create_of_mapping() returns an unsigned value.
Return 0 (NO_IRQ) as required.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
The read of a proper MSR register was missed and instead of
counter the configration register was tested (it has
ARCH_P4_UNFLAGGED_BIT always cleared) leading to unknown NMI
hitting the system. As result the user may obtain "Dazed and
confused, but trying to continue" message. Fix it by reading a
proper MSR register.
When an NMI happens on a P4, the perf nmi handler checks the
configuration register to see if the overflow bit is set or not
before taking appropriate action. Unfortunately, various P4
machines had a broken overflow bit, so a backup mechanism was
implemented. This mechanism checked to see if the counter
rolled over or not.
A previous commit that implemented this backup mechanism was
broken. Instead of reading the counter register, it used the
configuration register to determine if the counter rolled over
or not. Reading that bit would give incorrect results.
This would lead to 'Dazed and confused' messages for the end
user when using the perf tool (or if the nmi watchdog is
running).
The fix is to read the counter register before determining if
the counter rolled over or not.
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <4D8BAB49.3080701@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
For some performance events it's useful to set the EDGE and INV
bits and the CMASK mask in the counter control register. The list
of predefined events Intel releases for each CPU has some events which
require these settings to get more "natural" to use higher level events.
oprofile currently doesn't allow this.
This patch adds new extra configuration fields for them, so that
they can be specified in oprofilefs.
An updated oprofile daemon can then make use of this to set them.
v2: Write back masked extra value to variable.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
* 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-acpi-2.6: (42 commits)
ACPI: minor printk format change in acpi_pad
ACPI: make acpi_pad /sys output more readable
ACPICA: Update version to 20110316
ACPICA: Header support for SLIC table
ACPI: Make sure the FADT is at least rev 2 before using the reset register
ACPI: Bug compatibility for Windows on the ACPI reboot vector
ACPICA: Fix access width for reset vector
ACPI battery: fribble sysfs files from a resume notifier
ACPI button: remove unused procfs I/F
ACPI, APEI, Add PCIe AER error information printing support
PCIe, AER, use pre-generated prefix in error information printing
ACPI, APEI, Add ERST record ID cache
ACPI: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev class and sysdev
ACPI: Remove the unused EC sysdev class
ACPI: use __cpuinit for the acpi_processor_set_pdc() call tree
ACPI: use __init where possible in processor driver
Thermal_Framework-Fix_crash_during_hwmon_unregister
ACPICA: Update version to 20110211.
ACPICA: Add mechanism to defer _REG methods for some installed handlers
ACPICA: Add support for FunctionalFixedHW in acpi_ut_get_region_name
...
It is possible to add a p2m override on pages that are currently mapped
to INVALID_P2M_ENTRY; in particular, this will happen when using
ballooned pages in gntdev. This means that set_phys_to_machine must be
used instead of __set_phys_to_machine.
Signed-off-by: Daniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6:
deal with races in /proc/*/{syscall,stack,personality}
proc: enable writing to /proc/pid/mem
proc: make check_mem_permission() return an mm_struct on success
proc: hold cred_guard_mutex in check_mem_permission()
proc: disable mem_write after exec
mm: implement access_remote_vm
mm: factor out main logic of access_process_vm
mm: use mm_struct to resolve gate vma's in __get_user_pages
mm: arch: rename in_gate_area_no_task to in_gate_area_no_mm
mm: arch: make in_gate_area take an mm_struct instead of a task_struct
mm: arch: make get_gate_vma take an mm_struct instead of a task_struct
x86: mark associated mm when running a task in 32 bit compatibility mode
x86: add context tag to mark mm when running a task in 32-bit compatibility mode
auxv: require the target to be tracable (or yourself)
close race in /proc/*/environ
report errors in /proc/*/*map* sanely
pagemap: close races with suid execve
make sessionid permissions in /proc/*/task/* match those in /proc/*
fix leaks in path_lookupat()
Fix up trivial conflicts in fs/proc/base.c
The Xen PV drivers in a crashed HVM guest can not connect to the dom0
backend drivers because both frontend and backend drivers are still in
connected state. To run the connection reset function only in case of a
crashdump, the is_kdump_kernel() function needs to be available for the PV
driver modules.
Consolidate elfcorehdr_addr, setup_elfcorehdr and saved_max_pfn into
kernel/crash_dump.c Also export elfcorehdr_addr to make is_kdump_kernel()
usable for modules.
Leave 'elfcorehdr' as early_param(). This changes powerpc from __setup()
to early_param(). It adds an address range check from x86 also on ia64
and powerpc.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: additional #includes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove elfcorehdr_addr export]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix for Tejun's mm/nobootmem.c changes]
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no user now.
Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1. Add an option to include RapidIO support if the PCI is available.
2. Add FSL_RIO configuration option to enable controller selection.
3. Add RapidIO support option into x86 and MIPS architectures.
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com>
Acked-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Li Yang <leoli@freescale.com>
Cc: Thomas Moll <thomas.moll@sysgo.com>
Cc: Micha Nelissen <micha@neli.hopto.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
minix bit operations are only used by minix filesystem and useless by
other modules. Because byte order of inode and block bitmaps is different
on each architecture like below:
m68k:
big-endian 16bit indexed bitmaps
h8300, microblaze, s390, sparc, m68knommu:
big-endian 32 or 64bit indexed bitmaps
m32r, mips, sh, xtensa:
big-endian 32 or 64bit indexed bitmaps for big-endian mode
little-endian bitmaps for little-endian mode
Others:
little-endian bitmaps
In order to move minix bit operations from asm/bitops.h to architecture
independent code in minix filesystem, this provides two config options.
CONFIG_MINIX_FS_BIG_ENDIAN_16BIT_INDEXED is only selected by m68k.
CONFIG_MINIX_FS_NATIVE_ENDIAN is selected by the architectures which use
native byte order bitmaps (h8300, microblaze, s390, sparc, m68knommu,
m32r, mips, sh, xtensa). The architectures which always use little-endian
bitmaps do not select these options.
Finally, we can remove minix bit operations from asm/bitops.h for all
architectures.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As the result of conversions, there are no users of ext2 non-atomic bit
operations except for ext2 filesystem itself. Now we can put them into
architecture independent code in ext2 filesystem, and remove from
asm/bitops.h for all architectures.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
