The table of pointers 'current_set' has been used for retrieving
the stack and current. They used to be thread_info pointers as
they were pointing to the stack and current was taken from the
'task' field of the thread_info.
Now, the pointers of 'current_set' table are now both pointers
to task_struct and pointers to thread_info.
As they are used to get current, and the stack pointer is
retrieved from current's stack field, this patch changes
their type to task_struct, and renames secondary_ti to
secondary_current.
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
thread_info is not anymore in the stack, so the entire stack
can now be used.
There is also no risk anymore of corrupting task_cpu(p) with a
stack overflow so the patch removes the test.
When doing this, an explicit test for NULL stack pointer is
needed in validate_sp() as it is not anymore implicitely covered
by the sizeof(thread_info) gap.
In the meantime, with the previous patch all pointers to the stacks
are not anymore pointers to thread_info so this patch changes them
to void*
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This patch activates CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK which
moves the thread_info into task_struct.
Moving thread_info into task_struct has the following advantages:
- It protects thread_info from corruption in the case of stack
overflows.
- Its address is harder to determine if stack addresses are leaked,
making a number of attacks more difficult.
This has the following consequences:
- thread_info is now located at the beginning of task_struct.
- The 'cpu' field is now in task_struct, and only exists when
CONFIG_SMP is active.
- thread_info doesn't have anymore the 'task' field.
This patch:
- Removes all recopy of thread_info struct when the stack changes.
- Changes the CURRENT_THREAD_INFO() macro to point to current.
- Selects CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK.
- Modifies raw_smp_processor_id() to get ->cpu from current without
including linux/sched.h to avoid circular inclusion and without
including asm/asm-offsets.h to avoid symbol names duplication
between ASM constants and C constants.
- Modifies klp_init_thread_info() to take a task_struct pointer
argument.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Add task_stack.h to livepatch.h to fix build fails]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Make sure CURRENT_THREAD_INFO() is used with r1 which is the virtual
address of the stack, in order to ease the switch to r2 when we enable
THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK, as we have no register having the phys address of
current.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
[mpe: Split out of larger patch]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Rather than using the thread info use task_stack_page() to initialise
paca->kstack, that way it will work with THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Split out of larger patch]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Update a few comments that talk about current_thread_info() in
preparation for THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Split out of larger patch]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
We have a few places that use current_thread_info()->task to access
current. This won't work with THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK so fix them now.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Split out of larger patch]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
A few places use CURRENT_THREAD_INFO, or the C version, to find the
stack. This will no longer work with THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK so change
them to find the stack in other ways.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Split out of larger patch]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The purpose of the pointer given to call_do_softirq() and
call_do_irq() is to point the new stack. Currently that's the same
thing as the thread_info, but won't be with THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK.
So change the parameter to void* and rename it 'sp'.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Split out of larger patch]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This patch renames THREAD_INFO to TASK_STACK, because it is in fact
the offset of the pointer to the stack in task_struct so this pointer
will not be impacted by the move of THREAD_INFO.
Also make it available on 64-bit, as we'll need it there when we
activate THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Make available on 64-bit]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
[text copied from commit 9bbd4c56b0
("arm64: prep stack walkers for THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK")]
When CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK is selected, task stacks may be freed
before a task is destroyed. To account for this, the stacks are
refcounted, and when manipulating the stack of another task, it is
necessary to get/put the stack to ensure it isn't freed and/or re-used
while we do so.
This patch reworks the powerpc stack walking code to account for this.
When CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK is not selected these perform no
refcounting, and this should only be a structural change that does not
affect behaviour.
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
[mpe: Move try_get_task_stack() below tsk == NULL check in show_stack()]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
When moving to CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK, the thread_info 'cpu' field
gets moved into task_struct and only defined when CONFIG_SMP is set.
This patch ensures that TI_CPU is only used when CONFIG_SMP is set and
that task_struct 'cpu' field is not used directly out of SMP code.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Since only the virtual address of allocated blocks is used,
lets use functions returning directly virtual address.
Those functions have the advantage of also zeroing the block.
Suggested-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
In __secondary_start() we load the thread_info of the idle task of the
secondary CPU from current_set[cpu], and then convert it into a stack
pointer before storing that back to paca->kstack.
As pointed out in commit f761622e59 ("powerpc: Initialise
paca->kstack before early_setup_secondary") it's important that we
initialise paca->kstack before calling the MMU setup code, in
particular slb_initialize(), because it will bolt the SLB entry for
the kstack into the SLB.
However we have already setup paca->kstack in cpu_idle_thread_init(),
since commit 3b5750644b ("[POWERPC] Bolt in SLB entry for kernel
stack on secondary cpus") (May 2008).
It's also in cpu_idle_thread_init() that we initialise current_set[cpu]
with the thread_info pointer, so there is no issue of the timing being
different between the two.
Therefore the initialisation of paca->kstack in __setup_secondary() is
completely redundant, so remove it.
This has the added benefit of removing code that runs in real mode,
and is therefore restricted by the RMO, and so opens the way for us to
enable THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Currently in system_call_exit() we have an optimisation where we
disable MSR_RI (recoverable interrupt) and MSR_EE (external interrupt
enable) in a single mtmsrd instruction.
Unfortunately this will no longer work with THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK,
because then the load of TI_FLAGS might fault and faulting with MSR_RI
clear is treated as an unrecoverable exception which leads to a
panic().
So change the code to only clear MSR_EE prior to loading TI_FLAGS,
leaving the clear of MSR_RI until later. We have some latitude in
where do the clear of MSR_RI. A bit of experimentation has shown that
this location gives the least slow down.
This still causes a noticeable slow down in our null_syscall
performance. On a Power9 DD2.2:
Before After Delta Delta %
955 cycles 999 cycles -44 -4.6%
On the plus side this does simplify the code somewhat, because we
don't have to reenable MSR_RI on the restore_math() or
syscall_exit_work() paths which was necessitated previously by the
optimisation.
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
kcov provides kernel coverage data that's useful for fuzzing tools like
syzkaller.
Wire up kcov support on powerpc. Disable kcov instrumentation on the same
files where we currently disable gcov and UBSan instrumentation, plus some
additional exclusions which appear necessary to boot on book3e machines.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Donnellan <andrew.donnellan@au1.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net> # e6500
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
On 8xx, large pages (512kb or 8M) are used to map kernel linear
memory. Aligning to 8M reduces TLB misses as only 8M pages are used
in that case. We make 8M the default for data.
This patchs allows the user to do it via Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This patch implements handling of STRICT_KERNEL_RWX with
large TLBs directly in the TLB miss handlers.
To do so, etext and sinittext are aligned on 512kB boundaries
and the miss handlers use 512kB pages instead of 8Mb pages for
addresses close to the boundaries.
It sets RO PP flags for addresses under sinittext.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
setibat() and clearibat() allows to manipulate IBATs independently
of DBATs.
update_bats() allows to update bats after init. This is done
with MMU off.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX requires a special alignment
for DATA for some subarches. Today it is just defined
as an #ifdef in vmlinux.lds.S
In order to get more flexibility, this patch moves the
definition of this alignment in Kconfig
On some subarches, CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX will
require a special alignment of _etext.
This patch also adds a configuration item for it in Kconfig
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
At the time being, initial MMU setup allows 24 Mbytes
of DATA and 8 Mbytes of code.
Some debug setup like CONFIG_KASAN generate huge
kernels with text size over the 8M limit and data over the
24 Mbytes limit.
Here is an 8xx kernel compiled with CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE for
one of my boards:
[root@po16846vm linux-powerpc]# size -x vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
0x111019c 0x41b0d4 0x490de0 26984528 19bc050 vmlinux
This patch maps up to 32 Mbytes code based on _einittext symbol
and allows 32 Mbytes of memory instead of 24.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
40x/booke have another path to reach 3f from transfer_to_handler,
make sure it also calls ACCOUNT_CPU_USER_ENTRY() when
CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_NATIVE is selected.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
For pages without _PAGE_USER, PP field is 00
For pages with _PAGE_USER, PP field is 10 for RW and 11 for RO.
This patch sets _PAGE_USER to 0x002 and _PAGE_RW to 0x001
is order to simplify TLB handling by reducing amount of shifts.
The location of _PAGE_PRESENT and _PAGE_HASHPTE doesn't matter
as they are only SW related flags.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
PAGE_ACCESSED is only needed for CONFIG_SWAP. When CONFIG_SWAP
is not set, just ignore it. If CONFIG_SWAP is set and PAGE_ACCESSED
is not, let's take a minor fault.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
PP bits take user access into account, so no need to check _PAGE_USER
here. A DSI or ISI will be generated if needed.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
PAGE_DIRTY corresponds to the C bit. If writing on
a page for which the C bit is not set, a DataStoreTLBMiss
is generated. No need to check it in DataLoadTLBMiss.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
_PAGE_RW and _PAGE_DIRTY do not matter for ITLB misses.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
ITLB miss on kernel pages only occur with CONFIG_MODULES and
CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Since commit c62ce9ef97 ("powerpc: remove remaining bits from
CONFIG_APUS"), tophys() has become a pure constant operation.
PAGE_OFFSET is known at compile time so the physical address
can be builtin directly.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Use SPRN_SPRG2 to store the current thread PGDIR and
avoid reading thread_struct.pgdir at every TLB miss.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
When calling RTAS, the stack pointer is stored in SPRN_SPRG2
in order to be able to restore it in case of machine check in RTAS.
As machine check is not a perfomance critical path, this patch
frees SPRN_SPRG2 by using a field in thread struct instead.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
There is no reason to re-read each time the pointer at
location 0xf0 as it is fixed and known.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Looks like book3s/32 doesn't set RI on machine check, so
checking RI before calling die() will always be fatal
allthought this is not an issue in most cases.
Fixes: b96672dd84 ("powerpc: Machine check interrupt is a non-maskable interrupt")
Fixes: daf00ae71d ("powerpc/traps: restore recoverability of machine_check interrupts")
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
MSR[RI] has already been cleared a few lines above.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
When no machine description matches, display it clearly
before looping forever.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
In cpufeatures_process_feature(), if a provided CPU feature is unknown and
enable_unknown is false, we erroneously print that the feature is being
enabled and return true, even though no feature has been enabled, and
may also set feature bits based on the last entry in the match table.
Fix this so that we only set feature bits from the match table if we have
actually enabled a feature from that table, and when failing to enable an
unknown feature, always print the "not enabling" message and return false.
Coincidentally, some older gccs (<GCC 7), when invoked with
-fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc, cause a spurious uninitialised variable
warning in this function:
arch/powerpc/kernel/dt_cpu_ftrs.c: In function ‘cpufeatures_process_feature’:
arch/powerpc/kernel/dt_cpu_ftrs.c:686:7: warning: ‘m’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
if (m->cpu_ftr_bit_mask)
An upcoming patch will enable support for kcov, which requires this option.
This patch avoids the warning.
Fixes: 5a61ef74f2 ("powerpc/64s: Support new device tree binding for discovering CPU features")
Reported-by: Segher Boessenkool <segher@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
[ajd: add commit message]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Donnellan <andrew.donnellan@au1.ibm.com>
The xmon debugger IPI handler waits in the callback function while
xmon is still active. This means they don't complete the IPI, and the
initiator always times out waiting for them.
Things manage to work after the timeout because there is some fallback
logic to keep NMI IPI state sane in case of the timeout, but this is a
bit ugly.
This patch changes NMI IPI back to half-asynchronous (i.e., wait for
everyone to call in, do not wait for IPI function to complete), but
the complexity is avoided by going one step further and allowing new
IPIs to be issued before the IPI functions to all complete.
If synchronization against that is required, it is left up to the
caller, but current callers don't require that. In fact with the
timeout handling, callers must be able to cope with this already.
Fixes: 5b73151fff ("powerpc: NMI IPI make NMI IPIs fully sychronous")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.19+
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The NMI IPI timeout logic is broken, if __smp_send_nmi_ipi() times out
on the first condition, delay_us will be zero which will send it into
the second spin loop with no timeout so it will spin forever.
Fixes: 5b73151fff ("powerpc: NMI IPI make NMI IPIs fully sychronous")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.19+
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
We weren't using SYSCALL_DEFINE for sys_switch_endian(), which means
it wasn't able to be traced by CONFIG_FTRACE_SYSCALLS.
By using the macro we create the right metadata and the syscall is
visible. eg:
# cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
# echo 1 | tee events/syscalls/sys_*_switch_endian/enable
# ~/switch_endian_test
# cat trace
...
switch_endian_t-3604 [009] .... 315.175164: sys_switch_endian()
switch_endian_t-3604 [009] .... 315.175167: sys_switch_endian -> 0x5555aaaa5555aaaa
switch_endian_t-3604 [009] .... 315.175169: sys_switch_endian()
switch_endian_t-3604 [009] .... 315.175169: sys_switch_endian -> 0x5555aaaa5555aaaa
Fixes: 529d235a0e ("powerpc: Add a proper syscall for switching endianness")
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Commit 8792468da5 "powerpc: Add the ability to save FPU without
giving it up" unexpectedly removed the MSR_FE0 and MSR_FE1 bits from
the bitmask used to update the MSR of the previous thread in
__giveup_fpu() causing a KVM-PR MacOS guest to lockup and panic the
host kernel.
Leaving FE0/1 enabled means unrelated processes might receive FPEs
when they're not expecting them and crash. In particular if this
happens to init the host will then panic.
eg (transcribed):
qemu-system-ppc[837]: unhandled signal 8 at 12cc9ce4 nip 12cc9ce4 lr 12cc9ca4 code 0
systemd[1]: unhandled signal 8 at 202f02e0 nip 202f02e0 lr 001003d4 code 0
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x0000000b
Reinstate these bits to the MSR bitmask to enable MacOS guests to run
under 32-bit KVM-PR once again without issue.
Fixes: 8792468da5 ("powerpc: Add the ability to save FPU without giving it up")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.6+
Signed-off-by: Mark Cave-Ayland <mark.cave-ayland@ilande.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
This patch adds a debugfs interface to force scheduling a recovery event.
This can be used to recover a specific PE or schedule a "special" recovery
even that checks for errors at the PHB level.
To force a recovery of a normal PE, use:
echo '<#pe>:<#phb>' > /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/eeh_force_recover
To force a scan for broken PHBs:
echo 'hwcheck' > /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/eeh_force_recover
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Currently when we detect an error we automatically invoke the EEH recovery
handler. This can be annoying when debugging EEH problems, or when working
on EEH itself so this patch adds a debugfs knob that will prevent a
recovery event from being queued up when an issue is detected.
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Add a helper to find the pci_controller structure based on the domain
number / phb id.
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Bobroff <sbobroff@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
To use this function at all #define DEBUG needs to be set in eeh_cache.c.
Considering that printing at pr_debug is probably not all that useful since
it adds the additional hurdle of requiring you to enable the debug print if
dynamic_debug is in use so this patch bumps it to pr_info.
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Bobroff <sbobroff@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Adds a debugfs file that can be read to view the contents of the EEH
address cache. This is pretty similar to the existing
eeh_addr_cache_print() function, but that function is intended to debug
issues inside of the kernel since it's #ifdef`ed out by default, and writes
into the kernel log.
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Bobroff <sbobroff@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
The EEH address cache is used to map a physical MMIO address back to a PCI
device. It's useful to know when it's being manipulated, but currently this
requires recompiling with #define DEBUG set. This is pointless since we
have dynamic_debug nowdays, so remove the #ifdef guard and add a pr_debug()
for the remove case too.
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Bobroff <sbobroff@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
There's no need to the custom getter/setter functions so we should remove
them in favour of using the generic one. While we're here, change the type
of eeh_max_freeze to u32 and print the value in decimal rather than
hex because printing it in hex makes no sense.
Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Bobroff <sbobroff@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
