Commit Graph

141 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Masahiro Yamada
05f6bbf2d7 kbuild: remove ld-version macro
There is no direct user of ld-version; you can use CONFIG_LD_VERSION
if needed.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
2021-02-22 08:22:04 +09:00
Rasmus Villemoes
8402ee182c kbuild: remove leftover comment for filechk utility
After commit 43fee2b238 ("kbuild: do not redirect the first
prerequisite for filechk"), the rule is no longer automatically passed
$< as stdin, so remove the stale comment.

Fixes: 43fee2b238 ("kbuild: do not redirect the first prerequisite for filechk")
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-10-21 00:28:53 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
132305b3b4 kbuild: stop filtering out $(GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS) from cc-option base
Commit d26e941492 ("kbuild: no gcc-plugins during cc-option tests")
was neeeded because scripts/Makefile.gcc-plugins was too early.

This is unneeded by including scripts/Makefile.gcc-plugins last,
and being careful to not add cc-option tests after it.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-08-10 01:32:59 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
f2f02ebd8f kbuild: improve cc-option to clean up all temporary files
When cc-option and friends evaluate compiler flags, the temporary file
$$TMP is created as an output object, and automatically cleaned up.
The actual file path of $$TMP is .<pid>.tmp, here <pid> is the process
ID of $(shell ...) invoked from cc-option. (Please note $$$$ is the
escape sequence of $$).

Such garbage files are cleaned up in most cases, but some compiler flags
create additional output files.

For example, -gsplit-dwarf creates a .dwo file.

When CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_SPLIT=y, you will see a bunch of .<pid>.dwo files
left in the top of build directories. You may not notice them unless you
do 'ls -a', but the garbage files will increase every time you run 'make'.

This commit changes the temporary object path to .tmp_<pid>/tmp, and
removes .tmp_<pid> directory when exiting. Separate build artifacts such
as *.dwo will be cleaned up all together because their file paths are
usually determined based on the base name of the object.

Another example is -ftest-coverage, which outputs the coverage data into
<base-name-of-object>.gcno

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-06-17 10:20:21 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
30a7729771 kbuild: use -MMD instead of -MD to exclude system headers from dependency
This omits system headers from the generated header dependency.

System headers are not updated unless you upgrade the compiler. Nor do
they contain CONFIG options, so fixdep does not need to parse them.

Having said that, the effect of this optimization will be quite small
because the kernel code generally does not include system headers
except <stdarg.h>. Host programs include a lot of system headers,
but there are not so many in the kernel tree.

At first, keeping system headers in .*.cmd files might be useful to
detect the compiler update, but there is no guarantee that <stdarg.h>
is included from every file. So, I implemented a more reliable way in
the previous commit.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-05-12 13:28:33 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
88fe89a471 kbuild: remove *.tmp file when filechk fails
Bartosz Golaszewski reports that when "make {menu,n,g,x}config" fails
due to missing packages, a temporary file is left over, which is not
ignored by git.

For example, if GTK+ is not installed:

  $ make gconfig
  *
  * Unable to find the GTK+ installation. Please make sure that
  * the GTK+ 2.0 development package is correctly installed.
  * You need gtk+-2.0 gmodule-2.0 libglade-2.0
  *
  scripts/kconfig/Makefile:208: recipe for target 'scripts/kconfig/gconf-cfg' failed
  make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/gconf-cfg] Error 1
  Makefile:567: recipe for target 'gconfig' failed
  make: *** [gconfig] Error 2
  $ git status
  HEAD detached at v5.4
  Untracked files:
    (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

          scripts/kconfig/gconf-cfg.tmp

  nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

This is because the check scripts are run with filechk, which misses
to clean up the temporary file on failure.

When the line

  { $(filechk_$(1)); } > $@.tmp;

... fails, it exits immediately due to the 'set -e'. Use trap to make
sure to delete the temporary file on exit.

For extra safety, I replaced $@.tmp with $(dot-target).tmp to make it
a hidden file.

Reported-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bgolaszewski@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-01-16 00:26:22 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
8b41fc4454 kbuild: create modules.builtin without Makefile.modbuiltin or tristate.conf
Commit bc081dd6e9 ("kbuild: generate modules.builtin") added
infrastructure to generate modules.builtin, the list of all
builtin modules.

Basically, it works like this:

  - Kconfig generates include/config/tristate.conf, the list of
    tristate CONFIG options with a value in a capital letter.

  - scripts/Makefile.modbuiltin makes Kbuild descend into
    directories to collect the information of builtin modules.

I am not a big fan of it because Kbuild ends up with traversing
the source tree twice.

I am not sure how perfectly it should work, but this approach cannot
avoid false positives; even if the relevant CONFIG option is tristate,
some Makefiles forces obj-m to obj-y.

Some examples are:

  arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/Makefile:
    obj-$(CONFIG_NVRAM:m=y)         += nvram.o

  net/ipv6/Makefile:
    obj-$(subst m,y,$(CONFIG_IPV6)) += inet6_hashtables.o

  net/netlabel/Makefile:
    obj-$(subst m,y,$(CONFIG_IPV6)) += netlabel_calipso.o

Nobody has complained about (or noticed) it, so it is probably fine to
have false positives in modules.builtin.

This commit simplifies the implementation. Let's exploit the fact
that every module has MODULE_LICENSE(). (modpost shows a warning if
MODULE_LICENSE is missing. If so, 0-day bot would already have blocked
such a module.)

I added MODULE_FILE to <linux/module.h>. When the code is being compiled
as builtin, it will be filled with the file path of the module, and
collected into modules.builtin.info. Then, scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
extracts the list of builtin modules out of it.

This new approach fixes the false-positives above, but adds another
type of false-positives; non-modular code may have MODULE_LICENSE()
by mistake. This is not a big deal, it is just the code is always
orphan. We can clean it up if we like. You can see cleanup examples by:

  $ git log --grep='make.* explicitly non-modular'

To sum up, this commits deletes lots of code, but still produces almost
equivalent results. Please note it does not increase the vmlinux size at
all. As you can see in include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h, the .modinfo
section is discarded in the link stage.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-01-07 02:18:39 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
7e826c44f5 kbuild: add stringify helper to quote a string passed to C files
Make $(squote)$(quote)...$(quote)$(squote) a helper macro.
I will reuse it in the next commit.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2020-01-07 02:18:38 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
eba19032f9 kbuild: rename any-prereq to newer-prereqs
GNU Make manual says:

  $?
      The names of all the prerequisites that are newer than the target,
      with spaces between them.

To reflect this, rename any-prereq to newer-prereqs, which is clearer
and more intuitive.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-11-11 20:10:01 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
2d3b1b8f0d kbuild: drop $(wildcard $^) check in if_changed* for faster rebuild
The incremental build of Linux kernel is pretty slow when lots of
objects are compiled. The rebuild of allmodconfig may take a few
minutes even when none of the objects needs to be rebuilt.

The time-consuming part in the incremental build is the evaluation of
if_changed* macros since they are used in the recipes to compile C and
assembly source files into objects.

I notice the following code in if_changed* is expensive:

  $(filter-out $(PHONY) $(wildcard $^),$^)

In the incremental build, every object has its .*.cmd file, which
contains the auto-generated list of included headers. So, $^ are
expanded into the long list of the source file + included headers,
and $(wildcard $^) checks whether they exist.

It may not be clear why this check exists there.

Here is the record of my research.

[1] The first code addition into Kbuild

This code dates back to 2002. It is the pre-git era. So, I copy-pasted
it from the historical git tree.

| commit 4a6db0791528c220655b063cf13fefc8470dbfee (HEAD)
| Author: Kai Germaschewski <kai@tp1.ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
| Date:   Mon Jun 17 00:22:37 2002 -0500
|
|     kbuild: Handle removed headers
|
|     New and old way to handle dependencies would choke when a file
|     #include'd by other files was removed, since the dependency on it was
|     still recorded, but since it was gone, make has no idea what to do about
|     it (and would complain with "No rule to make <file> ...")
|
|     We now add targets for all the previously included files, so make will
|     just ignore them if they disappear.
|
| diff --git a/Rules.make b/Rules.make
| index 6ef827d3df39..7db5301ea7db 100644
| --- a/Rules.make
| +++ b/Rules.make
| @@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ if_changed = $(if $(strip $? \
|  # execute the command and also postprocess generated .d dependencies
|  # file
|
| -if_changed_dep = $(if $(strip $? \
| +if_changed_dep = $(if $(strip $? $(filter-out FORCE $(wildcard $^),$^)\
|                           $(filter-out $(cmd_$(1)),$(cmd_$@))\
|                           $(filter-out $(cmd_$@),$(cmd_$(1)))),\
|         @set -e; \
| diff --git a/scripts/fixdep.c b/scripts/fixdep.c
| index b5d7bee8efc7..db45bd1888c0 100644
| --- a/scripts/fixdep.c
| +++ b/scripts/fixdep.c
| @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ void parse_dep_file(void *map, size_t len)
|                 exit(1);
|         }
|         memcpy(s, m, p-m); s[p-m] = 0;
| -       printf("%s: \\\n", target);
| +       printf("deps_%s := \\\n", target);
|         m = p+1;
|
|         clear_config();
| @@ -314,7 +314,8 @@ void parse_dep_file(void *map, size_t len)
|                 }
|                 m = p + 1;
|         }
| -       printf("\n");
| +       printf("\n%s: $(deps_%s)\n\n", target, target);
| +       printf("$(deps_%s):\n", target);
|  }
|
|  void print_deps(void)

The "No rule to make <file> ..." error can be solved by passing -MP to
the compiler, but I think the detection of header removal is a good
feature. When a header is removed, all source files that previously
included it should be re-compiled. This makes sure we has correctly
got rid of #include directives of it.

This is also related with the behavior of $?. The GNU Make manual says:

  $?
      The names of all the prerequisites that are newer than the target,
      with spaces between them.

This does not explain whether a non-existent prerequisite is considered
to be newer than the target.

At this point of time, GNU Make 3.7x was used, where the $? did not
include non-existent prerequisites. Therefore,

  $(filter-out FORCE $(wildcard $^),$^)

was useful to detect the header removal, and to rebuild the related
objects if it is the case.

[2] Change of $? behavior

Later, the behavior of $? was changed (fixed) to include prerequisites
that did not exist.

First, GNU Make commit 64e16d6c00a5 ("Various changes getting ready for
the release of 3.81.") changed it, but in the release test of 3.81, it
turned out to break the kernel build.

See these:

 - http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-make/2006-03/msg00003.html
 - https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?16002
 - https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?16051

Then, GNU Make commit 6d8d9b74d9c5 ("Numerous updates to tests for
issues found on Cygwin and Windows.") reverted it for the 3.81 release
to give Linux kernel time to adjust to the new behavior.

After the 3.81 release, GNU Make commit 7595f38f62af ("Fixed a number
of documentation bugs, plus some build/install issues:") re-added it.

[3] Adjustment to the new $? behavior on Kbuild side

Meanwhile, the kernel build was changed by commit 4f1933620f ("kbuild:
change kbuild to not rely on incorrect GNU make behavior") to adjust to
the new $? behavior.

[4] GNU Make 3.82 released in 2010

GNU Make 3.82 was the first release that integrated the correct $?
behavior. At this point, Kbuild dealt with GNU Make versions with
different $? behaviors.

 3.81 or older:
    $? does not contain any non-existent prerequisite.
    $(filter-out $(PHONY) $(wildcard $^),$^) was useful to detect
    removed include headers.

 3.82 or newer:
    $? contains non-existent prerequisites. When a header is removed,
    it appears in $?. $(filter-out $(PHONY) $(wildcard $^),$^) became
    a redundant check.

With the correct $? behavior, we could have dropped the expensive
check for 3.82 or later, but we did not. (Maybe nobody noticed this
optimization.)

[5] The .SECONDARY special target trips up $?

Some time later, I noticed $? did not work as expected under some
circumstances. As above, $? should contain non-existent prerequisites,
but the ones specified as SECONDARY do not appear in $?.

I asked this in GNU Make ML, and it seems a bug:

  https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-make/2019-01/msg00001.html

Since commit 8e9b61b293 ("kbuild: move .SECONDARY special target to
Kbuild.include"), all files, including headers listed in .*.cmd files,
are treated as secondary.

So, we are back into the incorrect $? behavior.

If we Kbuild want to react to the header removal, we need to keep
$(filter-out $(PHONY) $(wildcard $^),$^) but this makes the rebuild
so slow.

[Summary]

 - I believe noticing the header removal and recompiling related objects
   is a nice feature for the build system.

 - If $? worked correctly, $(filter-out $(PHONY),$?) would be enough
   to detect the header removal.

 - Currently, $? does not work correctly when used with .SECONDARY,
   and Kbuild is hit by this bug.

 - I filed a bug report for this, but not fixed yet as of writing.

 - Currently, the header removal is detected by the following expensive
   code:

    $(filter-out $(PHONY) $(wildcard $^),$^)

 - I do not want to revert commit 8e9b61b293 ("kbuild: move
   .SECONDARY special target to Kbuild.include"). Specifying
   .SECONDARY globally is clean, and it matches to the Kbuild policy.

This commit proactively removes the expensive check since it makes the
incremental build faster. A downside is Kbuild will no longer be able
to notice the header removal.

You can confirm it by the full-build followed by a header removal, and
then re-build.

  $ make defconfig all
    [ full build ]
  $ rm include/linux/device.h
  $ make
    CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
    CALL    scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh
    DESCEND  objtool
    CHK     include/generated/compile.h
  Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready  (#11)
    Building modules, stage 2.
    MODPOST 12 modules

Previously, Kbuild noticed a missing header and emits a build error.
Now, Kbuild is fine with it. This is an unusual corner-case, not a big
deal. Once the $? bug is fixed in GNU Make, everything will work fine.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-11-11 20:10:01 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
13dc8c029c kbuild: remove ar-option and KBUILD_ARFLAGS
Commit 40df759e2b ("kbuild: Fix build with binutils <= 2.19")
introduced ar-option and KBUILD_ARFLAGS to deal with old binutils.

According to Documentation/process/changes.rst, the current minimal
supported version of binutils is 2.21 so you can assume the 'D' option
is always supported. Not only GNU ar but also llvm-ar supports it.

With the 'D' option hard-coded, there is no more user of ar-option
or KBUILD_ARFLAGS.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
2019-10-01 09:20:33 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
b2eff09218 kbuild: remove unused objectify macro
Commit 415008af32 ("docs-rst: convert lsm from DocBook to ReST")
removed the last users of this macro.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-07-27 12:18:19 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
c04d1e46fc kbuild: remove unused hostcc-option
We can re-add this whenever it is needed. At this moment, it is unused.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-07-17 22:37:51 +09:00
Linus Torvalds
39ceda5ce1 Kbuild updates for v5.3
- remove headers_{install,check}_all targets
 
 - remove unreasonable 'depends on !UML' from CONFIG_SAMPLES
 
 - re-implement 'make headers_install' more cleanly
 
 - add new header-test-y syntax to compile-test headers
 
 - compile-test exported headers to ensure they are compilable in
   user-space
 
 - compile-test headers under include/ to ensure they are self-contained
 
 - remove -Waggregate-return, -Wno-uninitialized, -Wno-unused-value flags
 
 - add -Werror=unknown-warning-option for Clang
 
 - add 128-bit built-in types support to genksyms
 
 - fix missed rebuild of modules.builtin
 
 - propagate 'No space left on device' error in fixdep to Make
 
 - allow Clang to use its integrated assembler
 
 - improve some coccinelle scripts
 
 - add a new flag KBUILD_ABS_SRCTREE to request Kbuild to use absolute
   path for $(srctree).
 
 - do not ignore errors when compression utility is missing
 
 - misc cleanups
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

 - remove headers_{install,check}_all targets

 - remove unreasonable 'depends on !UML' from CONFIG_SAMPLES

 - re-implement 'make headers_install' more cleanly

 - add new header-test-y syntax to compile-test headers

 - compile-test exported headers to ensure they are compilable in
   user-space

 - compile-test headers under include/ to ensure they are self-contained

 - remove -Waggregate-return, -Wno-uninitialized, -Wno-unused-value
   flags

 - add -Werror=unknown-warning-option for Clang

 - add 128-bit built-in types support to genksyms

 - fix missed rebuild of modules.builtin

 - propagate 'No space left on device' error in fixdep to Make

 - allow Clang to use its integrated assembler

 - improve some coccinelle scripts

 - add a new flag KBUILD_ABS_SRCTREE to request Kbuild to use absolute
   path for $(srctree).

 - do not ignore errors when compression utility is missing

 - misc cleanups

* tag 'kbuild-v5.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (49 commits)
  kbuild: use -- separater intead of $(filter-out ...) for cc-cross-prefix
  kbuild: Inform user to pass ARCH= for make mrproper
  kbuild: fix compression errors getting ignored
  kbuild: add a flag to force absolute path for srctree
  kbuild: replace KBUILD_SRCTREE with boolean building_out_of_srctree
  kbuild: remove src and obj from the top Makefile
  scripts/tags.sh: remove unused environment variables from comments
  scripts/tags.sh: drop SUBARCH support for ARM
  kbuild: compile-test kernel headers to ensure they are self-contained
  kheaders: include only headers into kheaders_data.tar.xz
  kheaders: remove meaningless -R option of 'ls'
  kbuild: support header-test-pattern-y
  kbuild: do not create wrappers for header-test-y
  kbuild: compile-test exported headers to ensure they are self-contained
  init/Kconfig: add CONFIG_CC_CAN_LINK
  kallsyms: exclude kasan local symbols on s390
  kbuild: add more hints about SUBDIRS replacement
  coccinelle: api/stream_open: treat all wait_.*() calls as blocking
  coccinelle: put_device: Add a cast to an expression for an assignment
  coccinelle: put_device: Adjust a message construction
  ...
2019-07-12 16:03:16 -07:00
Masahiro Yamada
d4a74bbfee kbuild: use -- separater intead of $(filter-out ...) for cc-cross-prefix
arch/mips/Makefile passes prefixes that start with '-' to cc-cross-prefix
when $(tool-archpref) evaluates to the empty string.

They are filtered-out before the $(shell ...) invocation. Otherwise,
'command -v' would be confused.

  $ command -v -linux-gcc
  bash: command: -l: invalid option
  command: usage: command [-pVv] command [arg ...]

Since commit 913ab9780f ("kbuild: use more portable 'command -v' for
cc-cross-prefix"), cc-cross-prefix throws away the stderr output, so
the console is not polluted in any way.

This is not a big deal in practice, but I see a slightly better taste
in adding '--' to teach it that '-linux-gcc' is an argument instead of
a command option.

This will cause extra forking of subshell, but it will not be noticeable
performance regression.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-07-11 23:34:52 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
c2341e2a4f kbuild: save $(strip ...) for calling if_changed and friends
The string returned by $(filter-out ...) does not contain any leading
or trailing spaces.

With the previous commit, 'any-prereq' no longer contains any
excessive spaces.

Nor does 'cmd-check' since it expands to a $(filter-out ...) call.

So, only the space that matters is the one between 'any-prereq'
and 'cmd-check'.

By removing it from the code, we can save $(strip ...) evaluation.
This refactoring is possible because $(any-prereq)$(cmd-check) is only
passed to the first argument of $(if ...), so we are only interested
in whether or not it is empty.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-07-01 10:03:40 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
93f31bbda4 kbuild: save $(strip ...) for calling any-prepreq
The string returned by $(filter-out ...) does not contain any leading
or trailing spaces.

So, only the space that matters is the one between

  $(filter-out $(PHONY),$?)

and

  $(filter-out $(PHONY) $(wildcard $^),$^)

By removing it from the code, we can save $(strip ...) evaluation.
This refactoring is possible because $(any-prereq) is only passed to
the first argument of $(if ...), so we are only interested in whether
or not it is empty.

This is also the prerequisite for the next commit.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-07-01 10:03:15 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
50bcca6ac4 kbuild: rename arg-check to cmd-check
I prefer 'cmd-check' for consistency.

We have 'echo-cmd', 'cmd', 'cmd_and_fixdep', etc. in this file.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-07-01 10:03:07 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
a5bae54c10 kbuild: move hdr-inst shorthand to top Makefile
Now that hdr-inst is used only in the top Makefile, move it there
from scripts/Kbuild.include.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-06-15 19:57:02 +09:00
Mauro Carvalho Chehab
cd238effef docs: kbuild: convert docs to ReST and rename to *.rst
The kbuild documentation clearly shows that the documents
there are written at different times: some use markdown,
some use their own peculiar logic to split sections.

Convert everything to ReST without affecting too much
the author's style and avoiding adding uneeded markups.

The conversion is actually:
  - add blank lines and identation in order to identify paragraphs;
  - fix tables markups;
  - add some lists markups;
  - mark literal blocks;
  - adjust title markups.

At its new index.rst, let's add a :orphan: while this is not linked to
the main index.rst file, in order to avoid build warnings.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
2019-06-14 14:21:21 -06:00
Masahiro Yamada
913ab9780f kbuild: use more portable 'command -v' for cc-cross-prefix
To print the pathname that will be used by shell in the current
environment, 'command -v' is a standardized way. [1]

'which' is also often used in scripts, but it is less portable.

When I worked on commit bd55f96fa9 ("kbuild: refactor cc-cross-prefix
implementation"), I was eager to use 'command -v' but it did not work.
(The reason is explained below.)

I kept 'which' as before but got rid of '> /dev/null 2>&1' as I
thought it was no longer needed. Sorry, I was wrong.

It works well on my Ubuntu machine, but Alexey Brodkin reports noisy
warnings on CentOS7 when 'which' fails to find the given command in
the PATH environment.

  $ which foo
  which: no foo in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin)

Given that behavior of 'which' depends on system (and it may not be
installed by default), I want to try 'command -v' once again.

The specification [1] clearly describes the behavior of 'command -v'
when the given command is not found:

  Otherwise, no output shall be written and the exit status shall reflect
  that the name was not found.

However, we need a little magic to use 'command -v' from Make.

$(shell ...) passes the argument to a subshell for execution, and
returns the standard output of the command.

Here is a trick. GNU Make may optimize this by executing the command
directly instead of forking a subshell, if no shell special characters
are found in the command and omitting the subshell will not change the
behavior.

In this case, no shell special character is used. So, Make will try
to run it directly. However, 'command' is a shell-builtin command,
then Make would fail to find it in the PATH environment:

  $ make ARCH=m68k defconfig
  make: command: Command not found
  make: command: Command not found
  make: command: Command not found

In fact, Make has a table of shell-builtin commands because it must
ask the shell to execute them.

Until recently, 'command' was missing in the table.

This issue was fixed by the following commit:

| commit 1af314465e5dfe3e8baa839a32a72e83c04f26ef
| Author: Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org>
| Date:   Sun Nov 12 18:10:28 2017 -0500
|
|     * job.c: Add "command" as a known shell built-in.
|
|     This is not a POSIX shell built-in but it's common in UNIX shells.
|     Reported by Nick Bowler <nbowler@draconx.ca>.

Because the latest release is GNU Make 4.2.1 in 2016, this commit is
not included in any released versions. (But some distributions may
have back-ported it.)

We need to trick Make to spawn a subshell. There are various ways to
do so:

 1) Use a shell special character '~' as dummy

    $(shell : ~; command -v $(c)gcc)

 2) Use a variable reference that always expands to the empty string
    (suggested by David Laight)

    $(shell command$${x:+} -v $(c)gcc)

 3) Use redirect

    $(shell command -v $(c)gcc 2>/dev/null)

I chose 3) to not confuse people. The stderr would not be polluted
anyway, but it will provide extra safety, and is easy to understand.

Tested on Make 3.81, 3.82, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2.1

[1] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/command.html

Fixes: bd55f96fa9 ("kbuild: refactor cc-cross-prefix implementation")
Cc: linux-stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.1
Reported-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Tested-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
2019-06-08 00:38:47 +09:00
Greg Kroah-Hartman
96ac6d4351 treewide: Add SPDX license identifier - Kbuild
Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which:

 - Have no license information of any form

These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:

      GPL-2.0

Reported-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-05-30 11:32:33 -07:00
Nick Desaulniers
055efab312 kbuild: drop support for cc-ldoption
If you want to see if your linker supports a certain flag, then ask the
linker directly with ld-option (not the compiler with cc-ldoption).
Checking for linker flag support is an antipattern that complicates the
usage of various linkers other than bfd via -fuse-ld={bfd|gold|lld}.

Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com
Suggested-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-05-21 00:02:59 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
cdd750bfb1 kbuild: remove 'addtree' and 'flags' magic for header search paths
The 'addtree' and 'flags' in scripts/Kbuild.include are so compilecated
and ugly.

As I mentioned in [1], Kbuild should stop automatic prefixing of header
search path options.

I fixed up (almost) all Makefiles in the kernel. Now 'addtree' and
'flags' have been removed.

Kbuild still caters to add $(srctree)/$(src) and $(objtree)/$(obj)
to the header search path for O= building, but never touches extra
compiler options from ccflags-y etc.

[1]: https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9632347/

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-05-18 11:49:57 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
d3a918c659 kbuild: remove cc-version macro
There is no more direct user of this macro; it is only used by
cc-ifversion.

Calling this macro is not efficient since it invokes the compiler to
get the compiler version. CONFIG_GCC_VERSION is already calculated in
the Kconfig stage, so Makefile can reuse it.

Here is a note about the slight difference between cc-version and
CONFIG_GCC_VERSION:

When using Clang, cc-version is evaluated to '0402' because Clang
defines __GNUC__ and __GNUC__MINOR__, and looks like GCC 4.2 in the
version point of view. On the other hand, CONFIG_GCC_VERSION=0
when $(CC) is clang.

There are currently two users of cc-ifversion:
  arch/mips/loongson64/Platform
  arch/powerpc/Makefile

They are not affected by this change.

The format of cc-version is <major><minor>, while CONFIG_GCC_VERSION
<major><minor><patch>. I adjusted cc-ifversion for the difference of
the number of digits.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-03-04 22:34:59 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
bd55f96fa9 kbuild: refactor cc-cross-prefix implementation
- $(word 1, <text>) is equivalent to $(firstword <text>)

 - hardcode "gcc" instead of $(CC)

 - minimize the shell script part

A little more notes in case $(filter-out -%, ...) is not clear.

arch/mips/Makefile passes prefixes depending on the configuration.

CROSS_COMPILE := $(call cc-cross-prefix, $(tool-archpref)-linux- \
    $(tool-archpref)-linux-gnu- $(tool-archpref)-unknown-linux-gnu-)

In the Kconfig stage (e.g. when you run 'make defconfig'), neither
CONFIG_32BIT nor CONFIG_64BIT is defined. So, $(tool-archpref) is
empty. As a result, "-linux -linux-gnu- -unknown-linux-gnu" is passed
into cc-cross-prefix. The command 'which' assumes arguments starting
with a hyphen as command options, then emits the following messages:

  Illegal option -l
  Illegal option -l
  Illegal option -u

I think it is strange to define CROSS_COMPILE depending on the CONFIG
options since you need to feed $(CC) to Kconfig, but it is how MIPS
Makefile currently works. Anyway, it would not hurt to filter-out
invalid strings beforehand.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-02-27 21:41:27 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
afa974b771 kbuild: add real-prereqs shorthand for $(filter-out FORCE,$^)
In Kbuild, if_changed and friends must have FORCE as a prerequisite.

Hence, $(filter-out FORCE,$^) or $(filter-out $(PHONY),$^) is a common
idiom to get the names of all the prerequisites except phony targets.

Add real-prereqs as a shorthand.

Note:
We cannot replace $(filter %.o,$^) in cmd_link_multi-m because $^ may
include auto-generated dependencies from the .*.cmd file when a single
object module is changed into a multi object module. Refer to commit
69ea912fda ("kbuild: remove unneeded link_multi_deps"). I added some
comment to avoid accidental breakage.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
2019-01-28 09:11:17 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
bd352a739f kbuild: remove unused baseprereq
Commit eea199b445 ("kbuild: remove unnecessary LEX_PREFIX and
YACC_PREFIX") removed the last users of this macro.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-01-14 12:19:40 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
ba97df4558 kbuild: use assignment instead of define ... endef for filechk_* rules
You do not have to use define ... endef for filechk_* rules.

For simple cases, the use of assignment looks cleaner, IMHO.

I updated the usage for scripts/Kbuild.include in case somebody
misunderstands the 'define ... endif' is the requirement.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
2019-01-06 10:22:35 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
ad77408635 kbuild: change filechk to surround the given command with { }
filechk_* rules often consist of multiple 'echo' lines. They must be
surrounded with { } or ( ) to work correctly. Otherwise, only the
string from the last 'echo' would be written into the target.

Let's take care of that in the 'filechk' in scripts/Kbuild.include
to clean up filechk_* rules.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-01-06 09:46:51 +09:00
Linus Torvalds
668c35f69c Kbuild updates for v4.21
Kbuild core:
  - remove unneeded $(call cc-option,...) switches
  - consolidate Clang compiler flags into CLANG_FLAGS
  - announce the deprecation of SUBDIRS
  - fix single target build for external module
  - simplify the dependencies of 'prepare' stage targets
  - allow fixdep to directly write to .*.cmd files
  - simplify dependency generation for CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
  - change if_changed_rule to accept multi-line recipe
  - move .SECONDARY special target to scripts/Kbuild.include
  - remove redundant 'set -e'
  - improve parallel execution for CONFIG_HEADERS_CHECK
  - misc cleanups
 
 Treewide fixes and cleanups
  - set Clang flags correctly for PowerPC boot images
  - fix UML build error with CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS
  - remove unneeded patterns from .gitignore files
  - refactor firmware/Makefile
  - remove unneeded rules for *offsets.s
  - avoid unneeded regeneration of intermediate .s files
  - clean up ./Kbuild
 
 Modpost:
  - remove unused -M, -K options
  - fix false positive warnings about section mismatch
  - use simple devtable lookup instead of linker magic
  - misc cleanups
 
 Coccinelle:
  - relax boolinit.cocci checks for overall consistency
  - fix warning messages of boolinit.cocci
 
 Other tools:
  - improve -dirty check of scripts/setlocalversion
  - add a tool to generate compile_commands.json from .*.cmd files
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v4.21' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
 "Kbuild core:
   - remove unneeded $(call cc-option,...) switches
   - consolidate Clang compiler flags into CLANG_FLAGS
   - announce the deprecation of SUBDIRS
   - fix single target build for external module
   - simplify the dependencies of 'prepare' stage targets
   - allow fixdep to directly write to .*.cmd files
   - simplify dependency generation for CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
   - change if_changed_rule to accept multi-line recipe
   - move .SECONDARY special target to scripts/Kbuild.include
   - remove redundant 'set -e'
   - improve parallel execution for CONFIG_HEADERS_CHECK
   - misc cleanups

  Treewide fixes and cleanups
   - set Clang flags correctly for PowerPC boot images
   - fix UML build error with CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS
   - remove unneeded patterns from .gitignore files
   - refactor firmware/Makefile
   - remove unneeded rules for *offsets.s
   - avoid unneeded regeneration of intermediate .s files
   - clean up ./Kbuild

  Modpost:
   - remove unused -M, -K options
   - fix false positive warnings about section mismatch
   - use simple devtable lookup instead of linker magic
   - misc cleanups

  Coccinelle:
   - relax boolinit.cocci checks for overall consistency
   - fix warning messages of boolinit.cocci

  Other tools:
   - improve -dirty check of scripts/setlocalversion
   - add a tool to generate compile_commands.json from .*.cmd files"

* tag 'kbuild-v4.21' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (51 commits)
  kbuild: remove unused cmd_gentimeconst
  kbuild: remove $(obj)/ prefixes in ./Kbuild
  treewide: add intermediate .s files to targets
  treewide: remove explicit rules for *offsets.s
  firmware: refactor firmware/Makefile
  firmware: remove unnecessary patterns from .gitignore
  scripts: remove unnecessary ihex2fw and check-lc_ctypes from .gitignore
  um: remove unused filechk_gen_header in Makefile
  scripts: add a tool to produce a compile_commands.json file
  kbuild: add -Werror=implicit-int flag unconditionally
  kbuild: add -Werror=strict-prototypes flag unconditionally
  kbuild: add -fno-PIE flag unconditionally
  scripts: coccinelle: Correct warning message
  scripts: coccinelle: only suggest true/false in files that already use them
  kbuild: handle part-of-module correctly for *.ll and *.symtypes
  kbuild: refactor part-of-module
  kbuild: refactor quiet_modtag
  kbuild: remove redundant quiet_modtag for $(obj-m)
  kbuild: refactor Makefile.asm-generic
  user/Makefile: Fix typo and capitalization in comment section
  ...
2018-12-29 12:03:17 -08:00
Ingo Molnar
6ac389346e Revert "kbuild/Makefile: Prepare for using macros in inline assembly code to work around asm() related GCC inlining bugs"
This reverts commit 77b0bf55bc.

See this commit for details about the revert:

  e769742d35 ("Revert "x86/jump-labels: Macrofy inline assembly code to work around GCC inlining bugs"")

 Conflicts:
	arch/x86/Makefile

Reported-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Richard Biener <rguenther@suse.de>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Segher Boessenkool <segher@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-12-19 12:00:28 +01:00
Masahiro Yamada
8e9b61b293 kbuild: move .SECONDARY special target to Kbuild.include
In commit 54a702f705 ("kbuild: mark $(targets) as .SECONDARY and
remove .PRECIOUS markers"), I missed one important feature of the
.SECONDARY target:

    .SECONDARY with no prerequisites causes all targets to be
    treated as secondary.

... which agrees with the policy of Kbuild.

Let's move it to scripts/Kbuild.include, with no prerequisites.

Note:
If an intermediate file is generated by $(call if_changed,...), you
still need to add it to "targets" so its .*.cmd file is included.

The arm/arm64 crypto files are generated by $(call cmd,shipped),
so they do not need to be added to "targets", but need to be added
to "clean-files" so "make clean" can properly clean them away.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-12-02 14:11:49 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
67126965ee kbuild: refactor if_changed
'@set -e; $(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1)' can be replaced with '$(cmd)'.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-12-01 23:13:14 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
e5d289100d kbuild: remove trailing semicolon from cmd_* passed to if_changed_rule
With the change of rule_cc_o_c / rule_as_o_S in the last commit, each
command is executed in a separate subshell. Rip off unneeded semicolons.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-12-01 23:13:14 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
3a2429e1fa kbuild: change if_changed_rule for multi-line recipe
The 'define' ... 'endef' directive is useful to confine a series of
shell commands into a single macro:

  define foo
          [action1]
          [action2]
          [action3]
  endif

Each action is executed in a separate subshell.

However, rule_cc_o_c and rule_as_o_S in scripts/Makefile.build are
written as follows (with a trailing semicolon in each cmd_*):

  define rule_cc_o_c
          [action1] ; \
          [action2] ; \
          [action3] ;
  endef

All shell commands are concatenated with '; \' so that it looks like
a single command from the Makefile point of view. This does not
exploit the benefits of 'define' ... 'endef' form because a single
shell command can be more simply written, like this:

  rule_cc_o_c = \
          [action1] ; \
          [action2] ; \
          [action3] ;

I guess the intention for the command concatenation was to let the
'@set -e' in if_changed_rule cover all the commands.

We can improve the readability by moving '@set -e' to the 'cmd' macro.
The combo of $(call echo-cmd,*) $(cmd_*) in rule_cc_o_c and rule_as_o_S
have been replaced with $(call cmd,*). The trailing back-slashes have
been removed.

Here is a note about the performance: the commands in rule_cc_o_c and
rule_as_o_S were previously executed all together in a single subshell,
but now each line in a separate subshell. This means Make will spawn
extra subshells [1]. I measured the build performance for
  x86_64_defconfig + CONFIG_MODVERSIONS + CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
and I saw slight performance regression, but I believe code readability
and maintainability wins.

[1] Precisely, GNU Make may optimize this by executing the command
    directly instead of forking a subshell, if no shell special
    characters are found in the command line and omitting the subshell
    will not change the behavior.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-12-01 23:13:14 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
bbda5ec671 kbuild: simplify dependency generation for CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
My main motivation of this commit is to clean up scripts/Kbuild.include
and scripts/Makefile.build.

Currently, CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS works with a tricky gimmick;
possibly exported symbols are detected by letting $(CPP) replace
EXPORT_SYMBOL* with a special string '=== __KSYM_*===', which is
post-processed by sed, and passed to fixdep. The extra preprocessing
is costly, and hacking cmd_and_fixdep is ugly.

I came up with a new way to find exported symbols; insert a dummy
symbol __ksym_marker_* to each potentially exported symbol. Those
dummy symbols are picked up by $(NM), post-processed by sed, then
appended to .*.cmd files. I collected the post-process part to a
new shell script scripts/gen_ksymdeps.sh for readability. The dummy
symbols are put into the .discard.* section so that the linker
script rips them off the final vmlinux or modules.

A nice side-effect is building with CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS will
be much faster.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
2018-12-01 23:13:14 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
392885ee82 kbuild: let fixdep directly write to .*.cmd files
Currently, fixdep writes dependencies to .*.tmp, which is renamed to
.*.cmd after everything succeeds. This is a very safe way to avoid
corrupted .*.cmd files. The if_changed_dep has carried this safety
mechanism since it was added in 2002.

If fixdep fails for some reasons or a user terminates the build while
fixdep is running, the incomplete output from the fixdep could be
troublesome.

This is my insight about some bad scenarios:

[1] If the compiler succeeds to generate *.o file, but fixdep fails
    to write necessary dependencies to .*.cmd file, Make will miss
    to rebuild the object when headers or CONFIG options are changed.
    In this case, fixdep should not generate .*.cmd file at all so
    that 'arg-check' will surely trigger the rebuild of the object.

[2] A partially constructed .*.cmd file may not be a syntactically
    correct makefile. The next time Make runs, it would include it,
    then fail to parse it. Once this happens, 'make clean' is be the
    only way to fix it.

In fact, [1] is no longer a problem since commit 9c2af1c737 ("kbuild:
add .DELETE_ON_ERROR special target"). Make deletes a target file on
any failure in its recipe. Because fixdep is a part of the recipe of
*.o target, if it fails, the *.o is deleted anyway. However, I am a
bit worried about the slight possibility of [2].

So, here is a solution. Let fixdep directly write to a .*.cmd file,
but allow makefiles to include it only when its corresponding target
exists.

This effectively reverts commit 2982c95357 ("kbuild: remove redundant
$(wildcard ...) for cmd_files calculation"), and commit 00d78ab2ba
("kbuild: remove dead code in cmd_files calculation in top Makefile")
because now we must check the presence of targets.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-12-01 23:13:14 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
9951674207 kbuild: remove cc-name variable
There is one more user of $(cc-name) in the top Makefile. It is supposed
to detect Clang before invoking Kconfig, so it should still be there
in the $(shell ...) form. All the other users of $(cc-name) have been
replaced with $(CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG). Hence, scripts/Kbuild.include does
not need to define cc-name any more.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-11-02 22:49:01 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
3f80babd9c kbuild: remove unused cc-fullversion variable
The last user of cc-fullversion was removed by commit f2910f0e68
("powerpc: remove old GCC version checks").

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-11-02 00:15:26 +09:00
Linus Torvalds
ac747c0715 Kbuild updates for v4.20
- optimize kallsyms slightly
 
 - remove check for old CFLAGS usage
 
 - add some compiler flags unconditionally instead of evaluating
   $(call cc-option,...)
 
 - fix variable shadowing in host tools
 
 - refactor scripts/mkmakefile
 
 - refactor various makefiles
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v4.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

 - optimize kallsyms slightly

 - remove check for old CFLAGS usage

 - add some compiler flags unconditionally instead of evaluating
   $(call cc-option,...)

 - fix variable shadowing in host tools

 - refactor scripts/mkmakefile

 - refactor various makefiles

* tag 'kbuild-v4.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  modpost: Create macro to avoid variable shadowing
  ASN.1: Remove unnecessary shadowed local variable
  kbuild: use 'else ifeq' for checksrc to improve readability
  kbuild: remove unneeded link_multi_deps
  kbuild: add -Wno-unused-but-set-variable flag unconditionally
  kbuild: add -Wdeclaration-after-statement flag unconditionally
  kbuild: add -Wno-pointer-sign flag unconditionally
  modpost: remove leftover symbol prefix handling for module device table
  kbuild: simplify command line creation in scripts/mkmakefile
  kbuild: do not pass $(objtree) to scripts/mkmakefile
  kbuild: remove user ID check in scripts/mkmakefile
  kbuild: remove VERSION and PATCHLEVEL from $(objtree)/Makefile
  kbuild: add --include-dir flag only for out-of-tree build
  kbuild: remove dead code in cmd_files calculation in top Makefile
  kbuild: hide most of targets when running config or mixed targets
  kbuild: remove old check for CFLAGS use
  kbuild: prefix Makefile.dtbinst path with $(srctree) unconditionally
  kallsyms: remove left-over Blackfin code
  kallsyms: reduce size a little on 64-bit
2018-10-28 13:22:35 -07:00
Nadav Amit
77b0bf55bc kbuild/Makefile: Prepare for using macros in inline assembly code to work around asm() related GCC inlining bugs
Using macros in inline assembly allows us to work around bugs
in GCC's inlining decisions.

Compile macros.S and use it to assemble all C files.
Currently only x86 will use it.

Background:

The inlining pass of GCC doesn't include an assembler, so it's not aware
of basic properties of the generated code, such as its size in bytes,
or that there are such things as discontiuous blocks of code and data
due to the newfangled linker feature called 'sections' ...

Instead GCC uses a lazy and fragile heuristic: it does a linear count of
certain syntactic and whitespace elements in inlined assembly block source
code, such as a count of new-lines and semicolons (!), as a poor substitute
for "code size and complexity".

Unsurprisingly this heuristic falls over and breaks its neck whith certain
common types of kernel code that use inline assembly, such as the frequent
practice of putting useful information into alternative sections.

As a result of this fresh, 20+ years old GCC bug, GCC's inlining decisions
are effectively disabled for inlined functions that make use of such asm()
blocks, because GCC thinks those sections of code are "large" - when in
reality they are often result in just a very low number of machine
instructions.

This absolute lack of inlining provess when GCC comes across such asm()
blocks both increases generated kernel code size and causes performance
overhead, which is particularly noticeable on paravirt kernels, which make
frequent use of these inlining facilities in attempt to stay out of the
way when running on baremetal hardware.

Instead of fixing the compiler we use a workaround: we set an assembly macro
and call it from the inlined assembly block. As a result GCC considers the
inline assembly block as a single instruction. (Which it often isn't but I digress.)

This uglifies and bloats the source code - for example just the refcount
related changes have this impact:

 Makefile                 |    9 +++++++--
 arch/x86/Makefile        |    7 +++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/macros.S |    7 +++++++
 scripts/Kbuild.include   |    4 +++-
 scripts/mod/Makefile     |    2 ++
 5 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

Yay readability and maintainability, it's not like assembly code is hard to read
and maintain ...

We also hope that GCC will eventually get fixed, but we are not holding
our breath for that. Yet we are optimistic, it might still happen, any decade now.

[ mingo: Wrote new changelog describing the background. ]

Tested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181003213100.189959-3-namit@vmware.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-10-04 10:57:09 +02:00
Masahiro Yamada
487c7c7702 kbuild: prefix Makefile.dtbinst path with $(srctree) unconditionally
$(srctree) always points to the top of the source tree whether
KBUILD_SRC is set or not.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-09-13 00:00:43 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
36bf9da291 x86/build: Remove jump label quirk for GCC older than 4.5.2
Commit cafa0010cd ("Raise the minimum required gcc version to 4.6")
bumped the minimum GCC version to 4.6 for all architectures.

Remove the workaround code.

It was the only user of cc-if-fullversion.  Remove the macro as well.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1535348714-25457-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com
2018-08-30 11:37:08 +02:00
Masahiro Yamada
d503ac531a kbuild: rename LDFLAGS to KBUILD_LDFLAGS
Commit a0f97e06a4 ("kbuild: enable 'make CFLAGS=...' to add
additional options to CC") renamed CFLAGS to KBUILD_CFLAGS.

Commit 222d394d30 ("kbuild: enable 'make AFLAGS=...' to add
additional options to AS") renamed AFLAGS to KBUILD_AFLAGS.

Commit 06c5040cdb ("kbuild: enable 'make CPPFLAGS=...' to add
additional options to CPP") renamed CPPFLAGS to KBUILD_CPPFLAGS.

For some reason, LDFLAGS was not renamed.

Using a well-known variable like LDFLAGS may result in accidental
override of the variable.

Kbuild generally uses KBUILD_ prefixed variables for the internally
appended options, so here is one more conversion to sanitize the
naming convention.

I did not touch Makefiles under tools/ since the tools build system
is a different world.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
2018-08-24 08:22:08 +09:00
Linus Torvalds
01f0e5cded Kconfig updates for v4.19
- show clearer error messages where pkg-config is needed, but not
   installed
 
 - rename SYMBOL_AUTO to SYMBOL_NO_WRITE to reflect its semantics
 
 - create all necessary directories by Kconfig tool itself instead
   of Makefile
 
 - update the .config unconditionally when syncconfig is invoked
 
 - use 'include' directive instead of '-include' where
   include/config/{auto,tristate}.conf is mandatory
 
 - do not try to update the .config when running install targets
 
 - add .DELETE_ON_ERROR to delete partially updated files
 
 - misc cleanups and fixes
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Merge tag 'kconfig-v4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kconfig updates from Masahiro Yamada:

 - show clearer error messages where pkg-config is needed, but not
   installed

 - rename SYMBOL_AUTO to SYMBOL_NO_WRITE to reflect its semantics

 - create all necessary directories by Kconfig tool itself instead of
   Makefile

 - update the .config unconditionally when syncconfig is invoked

 - use 'include' directive instead of '-include' where
   include/config/{auto,tristate}.conf is mandatory

 - do not try to update the .config when running install targets

 - add .DELETE_ON_ERROR to delete partially updated files

 - misc cleanups and fixes

* tag 'kconfig-v4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  kconfig: remove P_ENV property type
  kconfig: remove unused sym_get_env_prop() function
  kconfig: fix the rule of mainmenu_stmt symbol
  init/Kconfig: Use short unix-style option instead of --longname
  Kbuild: Makefile.modbuiltin: include auto.conf and tristate.conf mandatory
  kbuild: remove auto.conf from prerequisite of phony targets
  kbuild: do not update config for 'make kernelrelease'
  kbuild: do not update config when running install targets
  kbuild: add .DELETE_ON_ERROR special target
  kbuild: use 'include' directive to load auto.conf from top Makefile
  kconfig: allow all config targets to write auto.conf if missing
  kconfig: make syncconfig update .config regardless of sym_change_count
  kconfig: create directories needed for syncconfig by itself
  kconfig: remove unneeded directory generation from local*config
  kconfig: split out useful helpers in confdata.c
  kconfig: rename file_write_dep and move it to confdata.c
  kconfig: fix typos in description of "choice" in kconfig-language.txt
  kconfig: handle format string before calling conf_message_callback()
  kconfig: rename SYMBOL_AUTO to SYMBOL_NO_WRITE
  kconfig: check for pkg-config on make {menu,n,g,x}config
2018-08-15 12:50:10 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
e026bcc561 Kbuild updates for v4.19
- verify depmod is installed before modules_install
 
 - support build salt in case build ids must be unique between builds
 
 - allow users to specify additional host compiler flags via HOST*FLAGS,
   and rename internal variables to KBUILD_HOST*FLAGS
 
 - update buildtar script to drop vax support, add arm64 support
 
 - update builddeb script for better debarch support
 
 - document the pit-fall of if_changed usage
 
 - fix parallel build of UML with O= option
 
 - make 'samples' target depend on headers_install to fix build errors
 
 - remove deprecated host-progs variable
 
 - add a new coccinelle script for refcount_t vs atomic_t check
 
 - improve double-test coccinelle script
 
 - misc cleanups and fixes
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Merge tag 'kbuild-v4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

 - verify depmod is installed before modules_install

 - support build salt in case build ids must be unique between builds

 - allow users to specify additional host compiler flags via HOST*FLAGS,
   and rename internal variables to KBUILD_HOST*FLAGS

 - update buildtar script to drop vax support, add arm64 support

 - update builddeb script for better debarch support

 - document the pit-fall of if_changed usage

 - fix parallel build of UML with O= option

 - make 'samples' target depend on headers_install to fix build errors

 - remove deprecated host-progs variable

 - add a new coccinelle script for refcount_t vs atomic_t check

 - improve double-test coccinelle script

 - misc cleanups and fixes

* tag 'kbuild-v4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (41 commits)
  coccicheck: return proper error code on fail
  Coccinelle: doubletest: reduce side effect false positives
  kbuild: remove deprecated host-progs variable
  kbuild: make samples really depend on headers_install
  um: clean up archheaders recipe
  kbuild: add %asm-generic to no-dot-config-targets
  um: fix parallel building with O= option
  scripts: Add Python 3 support to tracing/draw_functrace.py
  builddeb: Add automatic support for sh{3,4}{,eb} architectures
  builddeb: Add automatic support for riscv* architectures
  builddeb: Add automatic support for m68k architecture
  builddeb: Add automatic support for or1k architecture
  builddeb: Add automatic support for sparc64 architecture
  builddeb: Add automatic support for mips{,64}r6{,el} architectures
  builddeb: Add automatic support for mips64el architecture
  builddeb: Add automatic support for ppc64 and powerpcspe architectures
  builddeb: Introduce functions to simplify kconfig tests in set_debarch
  builddeb: Drop check for 32-bit s390
  builddeb: Change architecture detection fallback to use dpkg-architecture
  builddeb: Skip architecture detection when KBUILD_DEBARCH is set
  ...
2018-08-15 12:09:03 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
1202f4fdbc arm64 updates for 4.19
A bunch of good stuff in here:
 
 - Wire up support for qspinlock, replacing our trusty ticket lock code
 
 - Add an IPI to flush_icache_range() to ensure that stale instructions
   fetched into the pipeline are discarded along with the I-cache lines
 
 - Support for the GCC "stackleak" plugin
 
 - Support for restartable sequences, plus an arm64 port for the selftest
 
 - Kexec/kdump support on systems booting with ACPI
 
 - Rewrite of our syscall entry code in C, which allows us to zero the
   GPRs on entry from userspace
 
 - Support for chained PMU counters, allowing 64-bit event counters to be
   constructed on current CPUs
 
 - Ensure scheduler topology information is kept up-to-date with CPU
   hotplug events
 
 - Re-enable support for huge vmalloc/IO mappings now that the core code
   has the correct hooks to use break-before-make sequences
 
 - Miscellaneous, non-critical fixes and cleanups
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux

Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
 "A bunch of good stuff in here. Worth noting is that we've pulled in
  the x86/mm branch from -tip so that we can make use of the core
  ioremap changes which allow us to put down huge mappings in the
  vmalloc area without screwing up the TLB. Much of the positive
  diffstat is because of the rseq selftest for arm64.

  Summary:

   - Wire up support for qspinlock, replacing our trusty ticket lock
     code

   - Add an IPI to flush_icache_range() to ensure that stale
     instructions fetched into the pipeline are discarded along with the
     I-cache lines

   - Support for the GCC "stackleak" plugin

   - Support for restartable sequences, plus an arm64 port for the
     selftest

   - Kexec/kdump support on systems booting with ACPI

   - Rewrite of our syscall entry code in C, which allows us to zero the
     GPRs on entry from userspace

   - Support for chained PMU counters, allowing 64-bit event counters to
     be constructed on current CPUs

   - Ensure scheduler topology information is kept up-to-date with CPU
     hotplug events

   - Re-enable support for huge vmalloc/IO mappings now that the core
     code has the correct hooks to use break-before-make sequences

   - Miscellaneous, non-critical fixes and cleanups"

* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (90 commits)
  arm64: alternative: Use true and false for boolean values
  arm64: kexec: Add comment to explain use of __flush_icache_range()
  arm64: sdei: Mark sdei stack helper functions as static
  arm64, kaslr: export offset in VMCOREINFO ELF notes
  arm64: perf: Add cap_user_time aarch64
  efi/libstub: Only disable stackleak plugin for arm64
  arm64: drop unused kernel_neon_begin_partial() macro
  arm64: kexec: machine_kexec should call __flush_icache_range
  arm64: svc: Ensure hardirq tracing is updated before return
  arm64: mm: Export __sync_icache_dcache() for xen-privcmd
  drivers/perf: arm-ccn: Use devm_ioremap_resource() to map memory
  arm64: Add support for STACKLEAK gcc plugin
  arm64: Add stack information to on_accessible_stack
  drivers/perf: hisi: update the sccl_id/ccl_id when MT is supported
  arm64: fix ACPI dependencies
  rseq/selftests: Add support for arm64
  arm64: acpi: fix alignment fault in accessing ACPI
  efi/arm: map UEFI memory map even w/o runtime services enabled
  efi/arm: preserve early mapping of UEFI memory map longer for BGRT
  drivers: acpi: add dependency of EFI for arm64
  ...
2018-08-14 16:39:13 -07:00
Masahiro Yamada
43fee2b238 kbuild: do not redirect the first prerequisite for filechk
Currently, filechk unconditionally opens the first prerequisite and
redirects it as the stdin of a filechk_* rule.  Hence, every target
using $(call filechk,...) must list something as the first prerequisite
even if it is unneeded.

'< $<' is actually unneeded in most cases.  Each rule can explicitly
adds it if necessary.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-07-28 10:34:10 +09:00
Masahiro Yamada
9c2af1c737 kbuild: add .DELETE_ON_ERROR special target
If Make gets a fatal signal while a shell is executing, it may delete
the target file that the recipe was supposed to update.  This is needed
to make sure that it is remade from scratch when Make is next run; if
Make is interrupted after the recipe has begun to write the target file,
it results in an incomplete file whose time stamp is newer than that
of the prerequisites files.  Make automatically deletes the incomplete
file on interrupt unless the target is marked .PRECIOUS.

The situation is just the same as when the shell fails for some reasons.
Usually when a recipe line fails, if it has changed the target file at
all, the file is corrupted, or at least it is not completely updated.
Yet the file’s time stamp says that it is now up to date, so the next
time Make runs, it will not try to update that file.

However, Make does not cater to delete the incomplete target file in
this case.  We need to add .DELETE_ON_ERROR somewhere in the Makefile
to request it.

scripts/Kbuild.include seems a suitable place to add it because it is
included from almost all sub-makes.

Please note .DELETE_ON_ERROR is not effective for phony targets.

The external module building should never ever touch the kernel tree.
The following recipe fails if include/generated/autoconf.h is missing.
However, include/config/auto.conf is not deleted since it is a phony
target.

 PHONY += include/config/auto.conf

 include/config/auto.conf:
         $(Q)test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e $@ || (          \
         echo >&2;                                                       \
         echo >&2 "  ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid.";           \
         echo >&2 "         include/generated/autoconf.h or $@ are missing.";\
         echo >&2 "         Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \
         echo >&2 ;                                                      \
         /bin/false)

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2018-07-25 23:25:31 +09:00