Some ISDN files that got removed in net-next had some changes
done in mainline, take the removals.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
One of the more common cases of allocation size calculations is finding
the size of a structure that has a zero-sized array at the end, along
with memory for some number of elements for that array. For example:
struct objagg_stats {
...
struct objagg_obj_stats_info stats_info[];
};
size = sizeof(*objagg_stats) + sizeof(objagg_stats->stats_info[0]) * count;
instance = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
Instead of leaving these open-coded and prone to type mistakes, we can
now use the new struct_size() helper:
instance = kzalloc(struct_size(instance, stats_info, count), GFP_KERNEL);
Notice that, in this case, variable alloc_size is not necessary, hence it
is removed.
This code was detected with the help of Coccinelle.
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavo@embeddedor.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Here are just two small patches, that fix up some found SPDX identifier
issues.
The first patch fixes an error in a previous SPDX fixup patch, that
causes build errors when doing 'make clean' on the tree (the fact that
almost no one noticed it reflects the fact that kernel developers don't
like doing that option very often...)
The second patch fixes up a number of places in the tree where people
mistyped the string "SPDX-License-Identifier". Given that people can
not even type their own name all the time without mistakes, this was
bound to happen, and odds are, we will have to add some type of check
for this to checkpatch.pl to catch this happening in the future.
Both of these have passed testing by 0-day.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'spdx-5.2-rc3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull SPDX fixes from Greg KH:
"Here are just two small patches, that fix up some found SPDX
identifier issues.
The first patch fixes an error in a previous SPDX fixup patch, that
causes build errors when doing 'make clean' on the tree (the fact that
almost no one noticed it reflects the fact that kernel developers
don't like doing that option very often...)
The second patch fixes up a number of places in the tree where people
mistyped the string "SPDX-License-Identifier". Given that people can
not even type their own name all the time without mistakes, this was
bound to happen, and odds are, we will have to add some type of check
for this to checkpatch.pl to catch this happening in the future.
Both of these have passed testing by 0-day"
* tag 'spdx-5.2-rc3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
treewide: fix typos of SPDX-License-Identifier
crypto: ux500 - fix license comment syntax error
Fix kernel-doc notation in lib/sort.c by using correct function parameter
names.
lib/sort.c:59: warning: Excess function parameter 'size' description in 'swap_words_32'
lib/sort.c:83: warning: Excess function parameter 'size' description in 'swap_words_64'
lib/sort.c:110: warning: Excess function parameter 'size' description in 'swap_bytes'
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/60e25d3d-68d1-bde2-3b39-e4baa0b14907@infradead.org
Fixes: 37d0ec34d1 ("lib/sort: make swap functions more generic")
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Prior to the adoption of SPDX, it was difficult for tools to determine
the correct license due to incomplete or badly formatted license text.
The SPDX solves this issue, assuming people can correctly spell
"SPDX-License-Identifier" although this assumption is broken in some
places.
Since scripts/spdxcheck.py parses only lines that exactly matches to
the correct tag, it cannot (should not) detect this kind of error.
If the correct tag is missing, scripts/checkpatch.pl warns like this:
WARNING: Missing or malformed SPDX-License-Identifier tag in line *
So, people should notice it before the patch submission, but in reality
broken tags sometimes slip in. The checkpatch warning is not useful for
checking the committed files globally since large number of files still
have no SPDX tag.
Also, I am not sure about the legal effect when the SPDX tag is broken.
Anyway, these typos are absolutely worth fixing. It is pretty easy to
find suspicious lines by grep.
$ git grep --not -e SPDX-License-Identifier --and -e SPDX- -- \
:^LICENSES :^scripts/spdxcheck.py :^*/license-rules.rst
arch/arm/kernel/bugs.c:// SPDX-Identifier: GPL-2.0
drivers/phy/st/phy-stm32-usbphyc.c:// SPDX-Licence-Identifier: GPL-2.0
drivers/pinctrl/sh-pfc/pfc-r8a77980.c:// SPDX-Lincense-Identifier: GPL 2.0
lib/test_stackinit.c:// SPDX-Licenses: GPLv2
sound/soc/codecs/max9759.c:// SPDX-Licence-Identifier: GPL-2.0
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Here is another set of reviewed patches that adds SPDX tags to different
kernel files, based on a set of rules that are being used to parse the
comments to try to determine that the license of the file is
"GPL-2.0-or-later" or "GPL-2.0-only". Only the "obvious" versions of
these matches are included here, a number of "non-obvious" variants of
text have been found but those have been postponed for later review and
analysis.
There is also a patch in here to add the proper SPDX header to a bunch
of Kbuild files that we have missed in the past due to new files being
added and forgetting that Kbuild uses two different file names for
Makefiles. This issue was reported by the Kbuild maintainer.
These patches have been out for review on the linux-spdx@vger mailing
list, and while they were created by automatic tools, they were
hand-verified by a bunch of different people, all whom names are on the
patches are reviewers.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'spdx-5.2-rc3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull yet more SPDX updates from Greg KH:
"Here is another set of reviewed patches that adds SPDX tags to
different kernel files, based on a set of rules that are being used to
parse the comments to try to determine that the license of the file is
"GPL-2.0-or-later" or "GPL-2.0-only". Only the "obvious" versions of
these matches are included here, a number of "non-obvious" variants of
text have been found but those have been postponed for later review
and analysis.
There is also a patch in here to add the proper SPDX header to a bunch
of Kbuild files that we have missed in the past due to new files being
added and forgetting that Kbuild uses two different file names for
Makefiles. This issue was reported by the Kbuild maintainer.
These patches have been out for review on the linux-spdx@vger mailing
list, and while they were created by automatic tools, they were
hand-verified by a bunch of different people, all whom names are on
the patches are reviewers"
* tag 'spdx-5.2-rc3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (82 commits)
treewide: Add SPDX license identifier - Kbuild
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 225
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 224
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 223
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 222
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 221
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 220
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 218
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 217
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 216
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 215
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 214
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 213
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 211
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 210
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 209
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 207
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 206
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 203
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 201
...
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as
published by the free software foundation this program is
distributed in the hope that it will be useful but without any
warranty without even the implied warranty of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu general public license
for more details
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-only
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 655 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070034.575739538@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 3 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version this program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even
the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version [author] [kishon] [vijay] [abraham]
[i] [kishon]@[ti] [com] this program is distributed in the hope that
it will be useful but without any warranty without even the implied
warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose see
the gnu general public license for more details
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version [author] [graeme] [gregory]
[gg]@[slimlogic] [co] [uk] [author] [kishon] [vijay] [abraham] [i]
[kishon]@[ti] [com] [based] [on] [twl6030]_[usb] [c] [author] [hema]
[hk] [hemahk]@[ti] [com] this program is distributed in the hope
that it will be useful but without any warranty without even the
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1105 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070033.202006027@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version this program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even
the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you
should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along
with this program if not write to the free software foundation inc
59 temple place suite 330 boston ma 02111 1307 usa
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1334 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070033.113240726@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 or at your option any
later version this program is distributed in the hope that it will
be useful but without any warranty without even the implied warranty
of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu
general public license for more details you should have received a
copy of the gnu general public license along with this program if
not write to the free software foundation inc 675 mass ave cambridge
ma 02139 usa
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 77 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Armijn Hemel <armijn@tjaldur.nl>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070032.837555891@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 3029 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070032.746973796@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
our extensions and, thus, the documentation build in general. Who knew
that those deprecation warnings it was outputting actually meant we should
change something? This set of fixes makes the build work again with
Sphinx 2.0 and eliminates the warnings for 1.8. As part of that, we also
need a few fixes to the docs for places where the new Sphinx is more
strict.
It is a bit late in the cycle for this kind of change, but it does fix
problems that people are experiencing now.
There has been some talk of raising the minimum version of Sphinx we
support. I don't want to do that abruptly, though, so these changes add
some glue to continue to support versions back to 1.3. We will be adding
some infrastructure soon to nudge users of old versions forward, with the
idea of maybe increasing our minimum version (and removing this glue)
sometime in the future.
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Merge tag 'docs-5.2-fixes2' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation fixes from Jonathan Corbet:
"The Sphinx 2.0 release contained a few incompatible API changes that
broke our extensions and, thus, the documentation build in general.
Who knew that those deprecation warnings it was outputting actually
meant we should change something? This set of fixes makes the build
work again with Sphinx 2.0 and eliminates the warnings for 1.8. As
part of that, we also need a few fixes to the docs for places where
the new Sphinx is more strict.
It is a bit late in the cycle for this kind of change, but it does fix
problems that people are experiencing now.
There has been some talk of raising the minimum version of Sphinx we
support. I don't want to do that abruptly, though, so these changes
add some glue to continue to support versions back to 1.3. We will be
adding some infrastructure soon to nudge users of old versions
forward, with the idea of maybe increasing our minimum version (and
removing this glue) sometime in the future"
* tag 'docs-5.2-fixes2' of git://git.lwn.net/linux:
drm/i915: Maintain consistent documentation subsection ordering
scripts/sphinx-pre-install: make it handle Sphinx versions
docs: Fix conf.py for Sphinx 2.0
docs: fix multiple doc build warnings in enumeration.rst
lib/list_sort: fix kerneldoc build error
docs: fix numaperf.rst and add it to the doc tree
doc: Cope with the deprecation of AutoReporter
doc: Cope with Sphinx logging deprecations
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Merge tag 'for-linus-20190524' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
- NVMe pull request from Keith, with fixes from a few folks.
- bio and sbitmap before atomic barrier fixes (Andrea)
- Hang fix for blk-mq freeze and unfreeze (Bob)
- Single segment count regression fix (Christoph)
- AoE now has a new maintainer
- tools/io_uring/ Makefile fix, and sync with liburing (me)
* tag 'for-linus-20190524' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (23 commits)
tools/io_uring: sync with liburing
tools/io_uring: fix Makefile for pthread library link
blk-mq: fix hang caused by freeze/unfreeze sequence
block: remove the bi_seg_{front,back}_size fields in struct bio
block: remove the segment size check in bio_will_gap
block: force an unlimited segment size on queues with a virt boundary
block: don't decrement nr_phys_segments for physically contigous segments
sbitmap: fix improper use of smp_mb__before_atomic()
bio: fix improper use of smp_mb__before_atomic()
aoe: list new maintainer for aoe driver
nvme-pci: use blk-mq mapping for unmanaged irqs
nvme: update MAINTAINERS
nvme: copy MTFA field from identify controller
nvme: fix memory leak for power latency tolerance
nvme: release namespace SRCU protection before performing controller ioctls
nvme: merge nvme_ns_ioctl into nvme_ioctl
nvme: remove the ifdef around nvme_nvm_ioctl
nvme: fix srcu locking on error return in nvme_get_ns_from_disk
nvme: Fix known effects
nvme-pci: Sync queues on reset
...
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version this program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even
the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you
should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along
with this program if not see the file copying or write to the free
software foundation inc
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 12 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190523091651.231300438@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
library are free software you can redistribute them and or modify
them under the terms of the gnu general public license as published
by the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or
at your option any later version this program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even
the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you
should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along
with this program see the file copying if not write to the free
software foundation inc 59 temple place suite 330 boston ma 02111
1307 usa
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520075212.429390570@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the
terms of the gnu general public license as published by the free
software foundation either version 2 or at your option any later
version [drbd] is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but
without any warranty without even the implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu
general public license for more details you should have received a
copy of the gnu general public license along with [drbd] see the
file copying if not write to the free software foundation 675 mass
ave cambridge ma 02139 usa
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 16 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520075212.050796421@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this file is part of the linux kernel and is made available under
the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 or at your
option any later version incorporated herein by reference
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 18 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Armijn Hemel <armijn@tjaldur.nl>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520075211.321157221@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version this program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even
the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you
should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along
with this program if not write to the free software foundation inc
675 mass ave cambridge ma 02139 usa
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 441 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc)
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520071858.739733335@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation inc 53 temple place ste 330 boston ma
02111 1307 usa either version 2 of the license or at your option any
later version incorporated herein by reference
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 13 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520170858.645641371@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public licence as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the licence or at
your option any later version
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 114 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520170857.552531963@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
gnupg is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it
under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version gnupg is distributed in the hope that
it will be useful but without any warranty without even the implied
warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose see
the gnu general public license for more details you should have
received a copy of the gnu general public license along with this
program if not write to the free software foundation inc 59 temple
place suite 330 boston ma 02111 1307 usa note this code is heavily
based on the gnu mp library actually it s the same code with only
minor changes in the way the data is stored this is to support the
abstraction of an optional secure memory allocation which may be
used to avoid revealing of sensitive data due to paging etc the gnu
mp library itself is published under the lgpl however i decided to
publish this code under the plain gpl
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 14 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520170856.639982569@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This barrier only applies to the read-modify-write operations; in
particular, it does not apply to the atomic_set() primitive.
Replace the barrier with an smp_mb().
Fixes: 6c0ca7ae29 ("sbitmap: fix wakeup hang after sbq resize")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Parri <andrea.parri@amarulasolutions.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Commit 043b3f7b63 ("lib/list_sort: simplify and remove
MAX_LIST_LENGTH_BITS") added some useful kerneldoc info, but also broke the
docs build:
./lib/list_sort.c:128: WARNING: Definition list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
./lib/list_sort.c:161: WARNING: Unexpected indentation.
./lib/list_sort.c:162: WARNING: Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
Fix the offending literal block and make the error go away.
Fixes: 043b3f7b63 ("lib/list_sort: simplify and remove MAX_LIST_LENGTH_BITS")
Cc: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Here are series of patches that add SPDX tags to different kernel files,
based on two different things:
- SPDX entries are added to a bunch of files that we missed a year ago
that do not have any license information at all.
These were either missed because the tool saw the MODULE_LICENSE()
tag, or some EXPORT_SYMBOL tags, and got confused and thought the
file had a real license, or the files have been added since the last
big sweep, or they were Makefile/Kconfig files, which we didn't
touch last time.
- Add GPL-2.0-only or GPL-2.0-or-later tags to files where our scan
tools can determine the license text in the file itself. Where this
happens, the license text is removed, in order to cut down on the
700+ different ways we have in the kernel today, in a quest to get
rid of all of these.
These patches have been out for review on the linux-spdx@vger mailing
list, and while they were created by automatic tools, they were
hand-verified by a bunch of different people, all whom names are on the
patches are reviewers.
The reason for these "large" patches is if we were to continue to
progress at the current rate of change in the kernel, adding license
tags to individual files in different subsystems, we would be finished
in about 10 years at the earliest.
There will be more series of these types of patches coming over the next
few weeks as the tools and reviewers crunch through the more "odd"
variants of how to say "GPLv2" that developers have come up with over
the years, combined with other fun oddities (GPL + a BSD disclaimer?)
that are being unearthed, with the goal for the whole kernel to be
cleaned up.
These diffstats are not small, 3840 files are touched, over 10k lines
removed in just 24 patches.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'spdx-5.2-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull SPDX update from Greg KH:
"Here is a series of patches that add SPDX tags to different kernel
files, based on two different things:
- SPDX entries are added to a bunch of files that we missed a year
ago that do not have any license information at all.
These were either missed because the tool saw the MODULE_LICENSE()
tag, or some EXPORT_SYMBOL tags, and got confused and thought the
file had a real license, or the files have been added since the
last big sweep, or they were Makefile/Kconfig files, which we
didn't touch last time.
- Add GPL-2.0-only or GPL-2.0-or-later tags to files where our scan
tools can determine the license text in the file itself. Where this
happens, the license text is removed, in order to cut down on the
700+ different ways we have in the kernel today, in a quest to get
rid of all of these.
These patches have been out for review on the linux-spdx@vger mailing
list, and while they were created by automatic tools, they were
hand-verified by a bunch of different people, all whom names are on
the patches are reviewers.
The reason for these "large" patches is if we were to continue to
progress at the current rate of change in the kernel, adding license
tags to individual files in different subsystems, we would be finished
in about 10 years at the earliest.
There will be more series of these types of patches coming over the
next few weeks as the tools and reviewers crunch through the more
"odd" variants of how to say "GPLv2" that developers have come up with
over the years, combined with other fun oddities (GPL + a BSD
disclaimer?) that are being unearthed, with the goal for the whole
kernel to be cleaned up.
These diffstats are not small, 3840 files are touched, over 10k lines
removed in just 24 patches"
* tag 'spdx-5.2-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (24 commits)
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 25
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 24
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 23
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 22
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 21
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 20
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 19
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 18
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 17
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 15
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 14
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 13
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 12
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 11
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 10
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 9
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 7
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 5
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 4
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 3
...
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
licensed under the fsf s gnu public license v2 or later
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 2 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Jilayne Lovejoy <opensource@jilayne.com>
Reviewed-by: Steve Winslow <swinslow@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190519154041.526489261@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which:
- Have no license information of any form
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:
- Have no license information of any form
- Have MODULE_LICENCE("GPL*") inside which was used in the initial
scan/conversion to ignore the file
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:
- Have no license information of any form
- Have EXPORT_.*_SYMBOL_GPL inside which was used in the
initial scan/conversion to ignore the file
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Pull networking fixes from David Miller:1) Use after free in __dev_map_entry_free(), from Eric Dumazet.
1) Use after free in __dev_map_entry_free(), from Eric Dumazet.
2) Fix TCP retransmission timestamps on passive Fast Open, from Yuchung
Cheng.
3) Orphan NFC, we'll take the patches directly into my tree. From
Johannes Berg.
4) We can't recycle cloned TCP skbs, from Eric Dumazet.
5) Some flow dissector bpf test fixes, from Stanislav Fomichev.
6) Fix RCU marking and warnings in rhashtable, from Herbert Xu.
7) Fix some potential fib6 leaks, from Eric Dumazet.
8) Fix a _decode_session4 uninitialized memory read bug fix that got
lost in a merge. From Florian Westphal.
9) Fix ipv6 source address routing wrt. exception route entries, from
Wei Wang.
10) The netdev_xmit_more() conversion was not done %100 properly in mlx5
driver, fix from Tariq Toukan.
11) Clean up botched merge on netfilter kselftest, from Florian
Westphal.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (74 commits)
of_net: fix of_get_mac_address retval if compiled without CONFIG_OF
net: fix kernel-doc warnings for socket.c
net: Treat sock->sk_drops as an unsigned int when printing
kselftests: netfilter: fix leftover net/net-next merge conflict
mlxsw: core: Prevent reading unsupported slave address from SFP EEPROM
mlxsw: core: Prevent QSFP module initialization for old hardware
vsock/virtio: Initialize core virtio vsock before registering the driver
net/mlx5e: Fix possible modify header actions memory leak
net/mlx5e: Fix no rewrite fields with the same match
net/mlx5e: Additional check for flow destination comparison
net/mlx5e: Add missing ethtool driver info for representors
net/mlx5e: Fix number of vports for ingress ACL configuration
net/mlx5e: Fix ethtool rxfh commands when CONFIG_MLX5_EN_RXNFC is disabled
net/mlx5e: Fix wrong xmit_more application
net/mlx5: Fix peer pf disable hca command
net/mlx5: E-Switch, Correct type to u16 for vport_num and int for vport_index
net/mlx5: Add meaningful return codes to status_to_err function
net/mlx5: Imply MLXFW in mlx5_core
Revert "tipc: fix modprobe tipc failed after switch order of device registration"
vsock/virtio: free packets during the socket release
...
Variable 'entropy' was wrongly documented as 'seed', changed comment to
reflect actual variable name.
../lib/random32.c:179: warning: Function parameter or member 'entropy' not described in 'prandom_seed'
../lib/random32.c:179: warning: Excess function parameter 'seed' description in 'prandom_seed'
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mazenauer <philippe.mazenauer@outlook.de>
Acked-by: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It turned out that DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK is still broken even after recent
recue efforts that when there is a large number of objects like
kmemleak_object which is normal on a debug kernel,
# grep kmemleak /proc/slabinfo
kmemleak_object 2243606 3436210 ...
reading /proc/slab_allocators could easily loop forever while processing
the kmemleak_object cache and any additional freeing or allocating
objects will trigger a reprocessing. To make a situation worse,
soft-lockups could easily happen in this sitatuion which will call
printk() to allocate more kmemleak objects to guarantee an infinite
loop.
Also, since it seems no one had noticed when it was totally broken
more than 2-year ago - see the commit fcf88917dd ("slab: fix a crash
by reading /proc/slab_allocators"), probably nobody cares about it
anymore due to the decline of the SLAB. Just remove it entirely.
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Christoph Hellwig writes:
This is a series doing two somewhat interwinded things. It improves
the asm-generic nommu uaccess helper to optionally be entirely generic
and not require any arch helpers for the actual uaccess. For the
generic uaccess.h to actually be generically useful I also had to kill
off the mess we made of <asm/segment.h>, which really shouldn't exist
on most architectures.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
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Merge tag 'asm-generic-nommu' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic
Pull nommu generic uaccess updates from Arnd Bergmann:
"asm-generic: kill <asm/segment.h> and improve nommu generic uaccess helpers
Christoph Hellwig writes:
This is a series doing two somewhat interwinded things. It improves
the asm-generic nommu uaccess helper to optionally be entirely
generic and not require any arch helpers for the actual uaccess.
For the generic uaccess.h to actually be generically useful I also
had to kill off the mess we made of <asm/segment.h>, which really
shouldn't exist on most architectures"
* tag 'asm-generic-nommu' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic:
asm-generic: optimize generic uaccess for 8-byte loads and stores
asm-generic: provide entirely generic nommu uaccess
arch: mostly remove <asm/segment.h>
asm-generic: don't include <asm/segment.h> from <asm/uaccess.h>
As cmpxchg is a non-RCU mechanism it will cause sparse warnings
when we use it for RCU. This patch adds explicit casts to silence
those warnings. This should probably be moved to RCU itself in
future.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The opaque type rhash_lock_head should not be marked with __rcu
because it can never be dereferenced. We should apply the RCU
marking when we turn it into a pointer which can be dereferenced.
This patch does exactly that. This fixes a number of sparse
warnings as well as getting rid of some unnecessary RCU checking.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The kernel has only two users of proc_do_large_bitmap(), the kernel CPU
watchdog, and the ip_local_reserved_ports. Refer to watchdog_cpumask
and ip_local_reserved_ports in Documentation for further details on
these. When you input a large buffer into these, when it is larger than
PAGE_SIZE- 1, the input data gets misparsed, and the user get
incorrectly informed that the desired input value was set. This commit
implements a test which mimics and exploits that use case, it uses a
bitmap size, as in the watchdog case. The bitmap is used to test the
bitmap proc handler, proc_do_large_bitmap().
The next commit fixes this issue.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: move proc_do_large_bitmap() export to EOF]
[mcgrof@kernel.org: use new target description for backward compatibility]
[mcgrof@kernel.org: augment test number to 50, ran into issues with bash string comparisons when testing up to 50 cases.]
[mcgrof@kernel.org: introduce and use verify_diff_proc_file() to use diff]
[mcgrof@kernel.org: use mktemp for tmp file]
[mcgrof@kernel.org: merge shell test and C code]
[mcgrof@kernel.org: commit log love]
[mcgrof@kernel.org: export proc_do_large_bitmap() to allow for the test
[mcgrof@kernel.org: check for the return value when writing to the proc file]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190320222831.8243-6-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "init: Do not select DEBUG_KERNEL by default", v5.
CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL has been designed to just enable Kconfig options.
Kernel code generatoin should not depend on CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL.
Proposed alternative plan: let's add a new symbol, something like
DEBUG_MISC ("Miscellaneous debug code that should be under a more
specific debug option but isn't"), make it depend on DEBUG_KERNEL and be
"default DEBUG_KERNEL" but allow itself to be turned off, and then
mechanically change the small handful of "#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL" to
"#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MISC".
This patch (of 5):
Introduce DEBUG_MISC ("Miscellaneous debug code that should be under a
more specific debug option but isn't"), make it depend on DEBUG_KERNEL
and be "default DEBUG_KERNEL" but allow itself to be turned off, and
then mechanically change the small handful of "#ifdef
CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL" to "#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MISC".
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190413224438.10802-2-okaya@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Anders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Cc: Jozsef Kadlecsik <kadlec@blackhole.kfki.hu>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tbogendoerfer@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Local 'ret' is unneeded and was poorly named: the variable `ret'
generally means the "the value which this function will return".
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "lib: rework bitmap_parselist and tests", v5.
bitmap_parselist has been evolved from a pretty simple idea for long and
now lacks for refactoring. It is not structured, has nested loops and a
set of opaque-named variables.
Things are more complicated because bitmap_parselist() is a part of user
interface, and its behavior should not change.
In this patchset
- bitmap_parselist_user() made a wrapper on bitmap_parselist();
- bitmap_parselist() reworked (patch 2);
- time measurement in test_bitmap_parselist switched to ktime_get
(patch 3);
- new tests introduced (patch 4), and
- bitmap_parselist_user() testing enabled with the same testset as
bitmap_parselist() (patch 5).
This patch (of 5):
Currently we parse user data byte after byte which leads to
overcomplification of parsing algorithm. The only user of
bitmap_parselist_user() is not performance-critical, and so we can
duplicate user data to kernel buffer and simply call bitmap_parselist().
This rework lets us unify and simplify bitmap_parselist() and
bitmap_parselist_user(), which is done in the following patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190405173211.11373-2-ynorov@marvell.com
Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <ynorov@marvell.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The integer exponentiation is used in few places and might be used in
the future by other call sites. Move it to wider use.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190323172531.80025-2-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Cc: Ray Jui <rjui@broadcom.com>
Cc: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For better maintenance and expansion move the mathematic helpers to the
separate folder.
No functional change intended.
Note, the int_sqrt() is not used as a part of lib, so, moved to regular
obj.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190323172531.80025-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@gmail.com>
Cc: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Ray Jui <rjui@broadcom.com>
[mchehab+samsung@kernel.org: fix broken doc references for div64.c and gcd.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/734f49bae5d4052b3c25691dfefad59bea2e5843.1555580999.git.mchehab+samsung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_RETPOLINE has severely degraded indirect function call
performance, so it's worth putting some effort into reducing the number
of times cmp() is called.
This patch avoids badly unbalanced merges on unlucky input sizes. It
slightly increases the code size, but saves an average of 0.2*n calls to
cmp().
x86-64 code size 739 -> 803 bytes (+64)
Unfortunately, there's not a lot of low-hanging fruit in a merge sort;
it already performs only n*log2(n) - K*n + O(1) compares. The leading
coefficient is already at the theoretical limit (log2(n!) corresponds to
K=1.4427), so we're fighting over the linear term, and the best
mergesort can do is K=1.2645, achieved when n is a power of 2.
The differences between mergesort variants appear when n is *not* a
power of 2; K is a function of the fractional part of log2(n). Top-down
mergesort does best of all, achieving a minimum K=1.2408, and an average
(over all sizes) K=1.248. However, that requires knowing the number of
entries to be sorted ahead of time, and making a full pass over the
input to count it conflicts with a second performance goal, which is
cache blocking.
Obviously, we have to read the entire list into L1 cache at some point,
and performance is best if it fits. But if it doesn't fit, each full
pass over the input causes a cache miss per element, which is
undesirable.
While textbooks explain bottom-up mergesort as a succession of merging
passes, practical implementations do merging in depth-first order: as
soon as two lists of the same size are available, they are merged. This
allows as many merge passes as possible to fit into L1; only the final
few merges force cache misses.
This cache-friendly depth-first merge order depends on us merging the
beginning of the input as much as possible before we've even seen the
end of the input (and thus know its size).
The simple eager merge pattern causes bad performance when n is just
over a power of 2. If n=1028, the final merge is between 1024- and
4-element lists, which is wasteful of comparisons. (This is actually
worse on average than n=1025, because a 1204:1 merge will, on average,
end after 512 compares, while 1024:4 will walk 4/5 of the list.)
Because of this, bottom-up mergesort achieves K < 0.5 for such sizes,
and has an average (over all sizes) K of around 1. (My experiments show
K=1.01, while theory predicts K=0.965.)
There are "worst-case optimal" variants of bottom-up mergesort which
avoid this bad performance, but the algorithms given in the literature,
such as queue-mergesort and boustrodephonic mergesort, depend on the
breadth-first multi-pass structure that we are trying to avoid.
This implementation is as eager as possible while ensuring that all
merge passes are at worst 1:2 unbalanced. This achieves the same
average K=1.207 as queue-mergesort, which is 0.2*n better then
bottom-up, and only 0.04*n behind top-down mergesort.
Specifically, defers merging two lists of size 2^k until it is known
that there are 2^k additional inputs following. This ensures that the
final uneven merges triggered by reaching the end of the input will be
at worst 2:1. This will avoid cache misses as long as 3*2^k elements
fit into the cache.
(I confess to being more than a little bit proud of how clean this code
turned out. It took a lot of thinking, but the resultant inner loop is
very simple and efficient.)
Refs:
Bottom-up Mergesort: A Detailed Analysis
Wolfgang Panny, Helmut Prodinger
Algorithmica 14(4):340--354, October 1995
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01294131https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.6.5260
The cost distribution of queue-mergesort, optimal mergesorts, and
power-of-two rules
Wei-Mei Chen, Hsien-Kuei Hwang, Gen-Huey Chen
Journal of Algorithms 30(2); Pages 423--448, February 1999
https://doi.org/10.1006/jagm.1998.0986https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.4.5380
Queue-Mergesort
Mordecai J. Golin, Robert Sedgewick
Information Processing Letters, 48(5):253--259, 10 December 1993
https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(93)90088-qhttps://sci-hub.tw/10.1016/0020-0190(93)90088-Q
Feedback from Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/fd560853cc4dca0d0f02184ffa888b4c1be89abc.1552704200.git.lkml@sdf.org
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Acked-by: Andrey Abramov <st5pub@yandex.ru>
Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@siemens.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rather than a fixed-size array of pending sorted runs, use the ->prev
links to keep track of things. This reduces stack usage, eliminates
some ugly overflow handling, and reduces the code size.
Also:
* merge() no longer needs to handle NULL inputs, so simplify.
* The same applies to merge_and_restore_back_links(), which is renamed
to the less ponderous merge_final(). (It's a static helper function,
so we don't need a super-descriptive name; comments will do.)
* Document the actual return value requirements on the (*cmp)()
function; some callers are already using this feature.
x86-64 code size 1086 -> 739 bytes (-347)
(Yes, I see checkpatch complaining about no space after comma in
"__attribute__((nonnull(2,3,4,5)))". Checkpatch is wrong.)
Feedback from Rasmus Villemoes, Andy Shevchenko and Geert Uytterhoeven.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove __pure usage due to mysterious warning]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f63c410e0ff76009c9b58e01027e751ff7fdb749.1552704200.git.lkml@sdf.org
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Acked-by: Andrey Abramov <st5pub@yandex.ru>
Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@siemens.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Similar to what's being done in the net code, this takes advantage of
the fact that most invocations use only a few common swap functions, and
replaces indirect calls to them with (highly predictable) conditional
branches. (The downside, of course, is that if you *do* use a custom
swap function, there are a few extra predicted branches on the code
path.)
This actually *shrinks* the x86-64 code, because it inlines the various
swap functions inside do_swap, eliding function prologues & epilogues.
x86-64 code size 767 -> 703 bytes (-64)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d10c5d4b393a1847f32f5b26f4bbaa2857140e1e.1552704200.git.lkml@sdf.org
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Acked-by: Andrey Abramov <st5pub@yandex.ru>
Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@siemens.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This uses fewer comparisons than the previous code (approaching half as
many for large random inputs), but produces identical results; it
actually performs the exact same series of swap operations.
Specifically, it reduces the average number of compares from
2*n*log2(n) - 3*n + o(n)
to
n*log2(n) + 0.37*n + o(n).
This is still 1.63*n worse than glibc qsort() which manages n*log2(n) -
1.26*n, but at least the leading coefficient is correct.
Standard heapsort, when sifting down, performs two comparisons per
level: one to find the greater child, and a second to see if the current
node should be exchanged with that child.
Bottom-up heapsort observes that it's better to postpone the second
comparison and search for the leaf where -infinity would be sent to,
then search back *up* for the current node's destination.
Since sifting down usually proceeds to the leaf level (that's where half
the nodes are), this does O(1) second comparisons rather than log2(n).
That saves a lot of (expensive since Spectre) indirect function calls.
The one time it's worse than the previous code is if there are large
numbers of duplicate keys, when the top-down algorithm is O(n) and
bottom-up is O(n log n). For distinct keys, it's provably always
better, doing 1.5*n*log2(n) + O(n) in the worst case.
(The code is not significantly more complex. This patch also merges the
heap-building and -extracting sift-down loops, resulting in a net code
size savings.)
x86-64 code size 885 -> 767 bytes (-118)
(I see the checkpatch complaint about "else if (n -= size)". The
alternative is significantly uglier.)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2de8348635a1a421a72620677898c7fd5bd4b19d.1552704200.git.lkml@sdf.org
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Acked-by: Andrey Abramov <st5pub@yandex.ru>
Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@siemens.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "lib/sort & lib/list_sort: faster and smaller", v2.
Because CONFIG_RETPOLINE has made indirect calls much more expensive, I
thought I'd try to reduce the number made by the library sort functions.
The first three patches apply to lib/sort.c.
Patch #1 is a simple optimization. The built-in swap has special cases
for aligned 4- and 8-byte objects. But those are almost never used;
most calls to sort() work on larger structures, which fall back to the
byte-at-a-time loop. This generalizes them to aligned *multiples* of 4
and 8 bytes. (If nothing else, it saves an awful lot of energy by not
thrashing the store buffers as much.)
Patch #2 grabs a juicy piece of low-hanging fruit. I agree that nice
simple solid heapsort is preferable to more complex algorithms (sorry,
Andrey), but it's possible to implement heapsort with far fewer
comparisons (50% asymptotically, 25-40% reduction for realistic sizes)
than the way it's been done up to now. And with some care, the code
ends up smaller, as well. This is the "big win" patch.
Patch #3 adds the same sort of indirect call bypass that has been added
to the net code of late. The great majority of the callers use the
builtin swap functions, so replace the indirect call to sort_func with a
(highly preditable) series of if() statements. Rather surprisingly,
this decreased code size, as the swap functions were inlined and their
prologue & epilogue code eliminated.
lib/list_sort.c is a bit trickier, as merge sort is already close to
optimal, and we don't want to introduce triumphs of theory over
practicality like the Ford-Johnson merge-insertion sort.
Patch #4, without changing the algorithm, chops 32% off the code size
and removes the part[MAX_LIST_LENGTH+1] pointer array (and the
corresponding upper limit on efficiently sortable input size).
Patch #5 improves the algorithm. The previous code is already optimal
for power-of-two (or slightly smaller) size inputs, but when the input
size is just over a power of 2, there's a very unbalanced final merge.
There are, in the literature, several algorithms which solve this, but
they all depend on the "breadth-first" merge order which was replaced by
commit 835cc0c847 with a more cache-friendly "depth-first" order.
Some hard thinking came up with a depth-first algorithm which defers
merges as little as possible while avoiding bad merges. This saves
0.2*n compares, averaged over all sizes.
The code size increase is minimal (64 bytes on x86-64, reducing the net
savings to 26%), but the comments expanded significantly to document the
clever algorithm.
TESTING NOTES: I have some ugly user-space benchmarking code which I
used for testing before moving this code into the kernel. Shout if you
want a copy.
I'm running this code right now, with CONFIG_TEST_SORT and
CONFIG_TEST_LIST_SORT, but I confess I haven't rebooted since the last
round of minor edits to quell checkpatch. I figure there will be at
least one round of comments and final testing.
This patch (of 5):
Rather than having special-case swap functions for 4- and 8-byte
objects, special-case aligned multiples of 4 or 8 bytes. This speeds up
most users of sort() by avoiding fallback to the byte copy loop.
Despite what ca96ab859a ("lib/sort: Add 64 bit swap function") claims,
very few users of sort() sort pointers (or pointer-sized objects); most
sort structures containing at least two words. (E.g.
drivers/acpi/fan.c:acpi_fan_get_fps() sorts an array of 40-byte struct
acpi_fan_fps.)
The functions also got renamed to reflect the fact that they support
multiple words. In the great tradition of bikeshedding, the names were
by far the most contentious issue during review of this patch series.
x86-64 code size 872 -> 886 bytes (+14)
With feedback from Andy Shevchenko, Rasmus Villemoes and Geert
Uytterhoeven.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f24f932df3a7fa1973c1084154f1cea596bcf341.1552704200.git.lkml@sdf.org
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Acked-by: Andrey Abramov <st5pub@yandex.ru>
Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@siemens.com>
Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
