The notion of a 'preferred' load offset for the kernel dates back to the
times when the kernel's primary mapping overlapped with the linear region,
and memory below it could not be used at all.
Today, the arm64 kernel does not really care where it is loaded in physical
memory, as long as the alignment requirements are met, and so there is no
point in unconditionally moving the kernel to a new location in memory at
boot. Instead, we can
- check for a KASLR seed, and randomly reallocate the kernel if one is
provided
- otherwise, check whether the alignment requirements are met for the
current placement of the kernel, and just run it in place if they are
- finally, do an ordinary page allocation and reallocate the kernel to a
suitably aligned buffer anywhere in memory.
By the same reasoning, there is no need to take TEXT_OFFSET into account
if it is a round multiple of the minimum alignment, which is the usual
case for relocatable kernels with TEXT_OFFSET randomization disabled.
Otherwise, it suffices to use the relative misaligment of TEXT_OFFSET
when reallocating the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The implementation of efi_random_alloc() arbitrarily truncates the
provided random seed to 16 bits, which limits the granularity of the
randomly chosen allocation offset in memory. This is currently only
an issue if the size of physical memory exceeds 128 GB, but going
forward, we will reduce the allocation alignment to 64 KB, and this
means we need to increase the granularity to ensure that the random
memory allocations are distributed evenly.
We will need to switch to 64-bit arithmetic for the multiplication,
but this does not result in 64-bit integer intrinsic calls on ARM or
on i386.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The EFI stub uses a per-architecture #define for the minimum base
and size alignment of page allocations, which is set to 4 KB for
all architecures except arm64, which uses 64 KB, to ensure that
allocations can always be (un)mapped efficiently, regardless of
the page size used by the kernel proper, which could be a kexec'ee
The API wrappers around page based allocations assume that this
alignment is always taken into account, and so efi_free() will
also round up its size argument to EFI_ALLOC_ALIGN.
Currently, efi_random_alloc() does not honour this alignment for
the allocated size, and so freeing such an allocation may result
in unrelated memory to be freed, potentially leading to issues
after boot. So let's round up size in efi_random_alloc() as well.
Fixes: 2ddbfc81ea ("efi: stub: add implementation of efi_random_alloc()")
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Add the ability to automatically pick the highest resolution video mode
(defined as the product of vertical and horizontal resolution) by using
a command-line argument of the form
video=efifb:auto
If there are multiple modes with the highest resolution, pick one with
the highest color depth.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200328160601.378299-2-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Extend the video mode argument to handle an optional color depth
specification of the form
video=efifb:<xres>x<yres>[-(rgb|bgr|<bpp>)]
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200320020028.1936003-14-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Add the ability to choose a video mode for the selected gop by using a
command-line argument of the form
video=efifb:mode=<n>
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200320020028.1936003-12-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
pixel_format must be one of
PIXEL_RGB_RESERVED_8BIT_PER_COLOR
PIXEL_BGR_RESERVED_8BIT_PER_COLOR
PIXEL_BIT_MASK
since we skip PIXEL_BLT_ONLY when finding a gop.
Remove the redundant code and add another check in find_gop to skip any
pixel formats that we don't know about, in case a later version of the
UEFI spec adds one.
Reformat the code a little.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200320020028.1936003-10-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Use the __ffs/__fls macros to calculate the position and size of the
mask.
Correct type of mask to u32 instead of unsigned long.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200320020028.1936003-9-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Move extraction of the mode information parameters outside the loop to
find the gop, and eliminate some redundant variables.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200320020028.1936003-4-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Fix the following sparse warning:
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/arm-stub.c:68:6: warning:
symbol 'install_memreserve_table' was not declared. Should it be static?
Reported-by: Hulk Robot <hulkci@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Zou Wei <zou_wei@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1587643713-28169-1-git-send-email-zou_wei@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
We have wrappers around EFI calls so that x86 can define special
versions for mixed mode, while all other architectures can use the
same simple definition that just issues the call directly.
In preparation for the arrival of yet another architecture that doesn't
need anything special here (RISC-V), let's move the default definition
into a shared header.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Loading an initrd passed via the kernel command line is deprecated: it
is limited to files that reside in the same volume as the one the kernel
itself was loaded from, and we have more flexible ways to achieve the
same. So make it configurable so new architectures can decide not to
enable it.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Most of the arm-stub code is written in an architecture independent manner.
As a result, RISC-V can reuse most of the arm-stub code.
Rename the arm-stub.c to efi-stub.c so that ARM, ARM64 and RISC-V can use it.
This patch doesn't introduce any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Atish Patra <atish.patra@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200415195422.19866-2-atish.patra@wdc.com
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Arnd reports that commit
9302c1bb8e ("efi/libstub: Rewrite file I/O routine")
reworks the file I/O routines in a way that triggers the following
warning:
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/file.c:240:1: warning: the frame size
of 1200 bytes is larger than 1024 bytes [-Wframe-larger-than=]
We can work around this issue dropping an instance of efi_char16_t[256]
from the stack frame, and reusing the 'filename' field of the file info
struct that we use to obtain file information from EFI (which contains
the file name even though we already know it since we used it to open
the file in the first place)
Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200409130434.6736-8-ardb@kernel.org
Commit
d5cdf4cfea ("efi/x86: Don't relocate the kernel unless necessary")
tries to avoid relocating the kernel in the EFI stub as far as possible.
However, when systemd-boot is used to boot a unified kernel image [1],
the image is constructed by embedding the bzImage as a .linux section in
a PE executable that contains a small stub loader from systemd that will
call the EFI stub handover entry, together with additional sections and
potentially an initrd. When this image is constructed, by for example
dracut, the initrd is placed after the bzImage without ensuring that at
least init_size bytes are available for the bzImage. If the kernel is
not relocated by the EFI stub, this could result in the compressed
kernel's startup code in head_{32,64}.S overwriting the initrd.
To prevent this, unconditionally relocate the kernel if the EFI stub was
entered via the handover entry point.
[1] https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION/#type-2-efi-unified-kernel-images
Fixes: d5cdf4cfea ("efi/x86: Don't relocate the kernel unless necessary")
Reported-by: Sergey Shatunov <me@prok.pw>
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200406180614.429454-2-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200409130434.6736-5-ardb@kernel.org
Commit
3ee372ccce ("x86/boot/compressed/64: Remove .bss/.pgtable from bzImage")
removed the .bss section from the bzImage.
However, while a PE loader is required to zero-initialize the .bss
section before calling the PE entry point, the EFI handover protocol
does not currently document any requirement that .bss be initialized by
the bootloader prior to calling the handover entry.
When systemd-boot is used to boot a unified kernel image [1], the image
is constructed by embedding the bzImage as a .linux section in a PE
executable that contains a small stub loader from systemd together with
additional sections and potentially an initrd. As the .bss section
within the bzImage is no longer explicitly present as part of the file,
it is not initialized before calling the EFI handover entry.
Furthermore, as the size of the embedded .linux section is only the size
of the bzImage file itself, the .bss section's memory may not even have
been allocated.
In particular, this can result in efi_disable_pci_dma being true even
when it was not specified via the command line or configuration option,
which in turn causes crashes while booting on some systems.
To avoid issues, place all EFI stub global variables into the .data
section instead of .bss. As of this writing, only boolean flags for a
few command line arguments and the sys_table pointer were in .bss and
will now move into the .data section.
[1] https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION/#type-2-efi-unified-kernel-images
Fixes: 3ee372ccce ("x86/boot/compressed/64: Remove .bss/.pgtable from bzImage")
Reported-by: Sergey Shatunov <me@prok.pw>
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200406180614.429454-1-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200409130434.6736-4-ardb@kernel.org
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Merge tag 'v5.7-rc1' into locking/kcsan, to resolve conflicts and refresh
Resolve these conflicts:
arch/x86/Kconfig
arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
Do a minor "evil merge" to move the KCSAN entry up a bit by a few lines
in the Kconfig to reduce the probability of future conflicts.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
- Ensure that the compiler and linker versions are aligned so that ld
doesn't complain about not understanding a .note.gnu.property section
(emitted when pointer authentication is enabled).
- Force -mbranch-protection=none when the feature is not enabled, in
case a compiler may choose a different default value.
- Remove CONFIG_DEBUG_ALIGN_RODATA. It was never in defconfig and rarely
enabled.
- Fix checking 16-bit Thumb-2 instructions checking mask in the
emulation of the SETEND instruction (it could match the bottom half of
a 32-bit Thumb-2 instruction).
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Merge tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 fixes from Catalin Marinas:
- Ensure that the compiler and linker versions are aligned so that ld
doesn't complain about not understanding a .note.gnu.property section
(emitted when pointer authentication is enabled).
- Force -mbranch-protection=none when the feature is not enabled, in
case a compiler may choose a different default value.
- Remove CONFIG_DEBUG_ALIGN_RODATA. It was never in defconfig and
rarely enabled.
- Fix checking 16-bit Thumb-2 instructions checking mask in the
emulation of the SETEND instruction (it could match the bottom half
of a 32-bit Thumb-2 instruction).
* tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux:
arm64: armv8_deprecated: Fix undef_hook mask for thumb setend
arm64: remove CONFIG_DEBUG_ALIGN_RODATA feature
arm64: Always force a branch protection mode when the compiler has one
arm64: Kconfig: ptrauth: Add binutils version check to fix mismatch
init/kconfig: Add LD_VERSION Kconfig
When CONFIG_DEBUG_ALIGN_RODATA is enabled, kernel segments mapped with
different permissions (r-x for .text, r-- for .rodata, rw- for .data,
etc) are rounded up to 2 MiB so they can be mapped more efficiently.
In particular, it permits the segments to be mapped using level 2
block entries when using 4k pages, which is expected to result in less
TLB pressure.
However, the mappings for the bulk of the kernel will use level 2
entries anyway, and the misaligned fringes are organized such that they
can take advantage of the contiguous bit, and use far fewer level 3
entries than would be needed otherwise.
This makes the value of this feature dubious at best, and since it is not
enabled in defconfig or in the distro configs, it does not appear to be
in wide use either. So let's just remove it.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Misc cleanups and small enhancements all around the map"
* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/boot/compressed: Fix debug_puthex() parameter type
x86/setup: Fix static memory detection
x86/vmlinux: Drop unneeded linker script discard of .eh_frame
x86/*/Makefile: Use -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables to suppress .eh_frame sections
x86/boot/compressed: Remove .eh_frame section from bzImage
x86/boot/compressed/64: Remove .bss/.pgtable from bzImage
x86/boot/compressed/64: Use 32-bit (zero-extended) MOV for z_output_len
x86/boot/compressed/64: Use LEA to initialize boot stack pointer
Commit:
ec93fc371f ("efi/libstub: Add support for loading the initrd from a device path")
added a diagnostic print to the ARM version of the EFI stub that
reports whether an initrd has been loaded that was passed
via the command line using initrd=.
However, it failed to take into account that, for historical reasons,
the file loading routines return EFI_SUCCESS when no file was found,
and the only way to decide whether a file was loaded is to inspect
the 'size' argument that is passed by reference. So let's inspect
this returned size, to prevent the print from being emitted even if
no initrd was loaded at all.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Commit:
9f9223778e ("efi/libstub/arm: Make efi_entry() an ordinary PE/COFF entrypoint")
did some code refactoring to get rid of the EFI entry point assembler
code, and in the process, it got rid of the assignment of image_addr
to the value of _text. Instead, it switched to using the image_base
field of the efi_loaded_image struct provided by UEFI, which should
contain the same value.
However, Michael reports that this is not the case: older GRUB builds
corrupt this value in some way, and since we can easily switch back to
referring to _text to discover this value, let's simply do that.
While at it, fix another issue in commit 9f9223778e, which may result
in the unassigned image_addr to be misidentified as the preferred load
offset of the kernel, which is unlikely but will cause a boot crash if
it does occur.
Finally, let's add a warning if the _text vs. image_base discrepancy is
detected, so we can tell more easily how widespread this issue actually
is.
Reported-by: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com>
Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
The header flag XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G will inform us whether
allocations above 4 GiB for kernel, command line, etc are permitted,
so we take it into account when calling efi_allocate_pages() etc.
However, CONFIG_EFI_STUB implies CONFIG_RELOCATABLE, and so the flag
is guaranteed to be set on x86_64 builds, whereas i386 builds are
guaranteed to run under firmware that will not allocate above 4 GB
in the first place.
So drop the check, and just pass ULONG_MAX as the upper bound for
all allocations.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200303225054.28741-1-ardb@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200308080859.21568-27-ardb@kernel.org
Add alignment slack to the PE image size, so that we can realign the
decompression buffer within the space allocated for the image.
Only relocate the kernel if it has been loaded at an unsuitable address:
- Below LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, or
- Above 64T for 64-bit and 512MiB for 32-bit
For 32-bit, the upper limit is conservative, but the exact limit can be
difficult to calculate.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200303221205.4048668-6-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200308080859.21568-20-ardb@kernel.org
Even though it is uncommon, there are cases where the Exit() EFI boot
service might return, e.g., when we were booted via the EFI handover
protocol from OVMF and the kernel image was specified on the command
line, in which case Exit() attempts to terminate the boot manager,
which is not an EFI application itself.
So let's drop into an infinite loop instead of randomly executing code
that isn't expecting it.
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> # build
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
[ardb: put 'hlt' in deadloop]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200303080648.21427-1-ardb@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200308080859.21568-15-ardb@kernel.org
code32_start is meant for 16-bit real-mode bootloaders to inform the
kernel where the 32-bit protected mode code starts. Nothing in the
protected mode kernel except the EFI stub uses it.
efi_main() currently returns boot_params, with code32_start set inside it
to tell efi_stub_entry() where startup_32 is located. Since it was invoked
by efi_stub_entry() in the first place, boot_params is already known.
Return the address of startup_32 instead.
This will allow a 64-bit kernel to live above 4Gb, for example, and it's
cleaner as well.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200301230436.2246909-5-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200308080859.21568-13-ardb@kernel.org
While discussing a patch to discard .eh_frame from the compressed
vmlinux using the linker script, Fangrui Song pointed out [1] that these
sections shouldn't exist in the first place because arch/x86/Makefile
uses -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables.
It turns out this is because the Makefiles used to build the compressed
kernel redefine KBUILD_CFLAGS, dropping this flag.
Add the flag to the Makefile for the compressed kernel, as well as the
EFI stub Makefile to fix this.
Also add the flag to boot/Makefile and realmode/rm/Makefile so that the
kernel's boot code (boot/setup.elf) and realmode trampoline
(realmode/rm/realmode.elf) won't be compiled with .eh_frame sections,
since their linker scripts also just discard them.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200222185806.ywnqhfqmy67akfsa@google.com/
Suggested-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200224232129.597160-2-nivedita@alum.mit.edu
Add support for booting 64-bit x86 kernels from 32-bit firmware running
on 64-bit capable CPUs without requiring the bootloader to implement
the EFI handover protocol or allocate the setup block, etc etc, all of
which can be done by the stub itself, using code that already exists.
Instead, create an ordinary EFI application entrypoint but implemented
in 32-bit code [so that it can be invoked by 32-bit firmware], and stash
the address of this 32-bit entrypoint in the .compat section where the
bootloader can find it.
Note that we use the setup block embedded in the binary to go through
startup_32(), but it gets reallocated and copied in efi_pe_entry(),
using the same code that runs when the x86 kernel is booted in EFI
mode from native firmware. This requires the loaded image protocol to
be installed on the kernel image's EFI handle, and point to the kernel
image itself and not to its loader. This, in turn, requires the
bootloader to use the LoadImage() boot service to load the 64-bit
image from 32-bit firmware, which is in fact supported by firmware
based on EDK2. (Only StartImage() will fail, and instead, the newly
added entrypoint needs to be invoked)
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Currently, we either return with an error [from efi_pe_entry()] or
enter a deadloop [in efi_main()] if any fatal errors occur during
execution of the EFI stub. Let's switch to calling the Exit() EFI boot
service instead in both cases, so that we
a) can get rid of the deadloop, and simply return to the boot manager
if any errors occur during execution of the stub, including during
the call to ExitBootServices(),
b) can also return cleanly from efi_pe_entry() or efi_main() in mixed
mode, once we introduce support for LoadImage/StartImage based mixed
mode in the next patch.
Note that on systems running downstream GRUBs [which do not use LoadImage
or StartImage to boot the kernel, and instead, pass their own image
handle as the loaded image handle], calling Exit() will exit from GRUB
rather than from the kernel, but this is a tolerable side effect.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Add the definitions and use the special wrapper so that the loaded_image
UEFI protocol can be safely used from mixed mode.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
One of the advantages of using what basically amounts to a callback
interface into the bootloader for loading the initrd is that it provides
a natural place for the bootloader or firmware to measure the initrd
contents while they are being passed to the kernel.
Unfortunately, this is not a guarantee that the initrd will in fact be
loaded and its /init invoked by the kernel, since the command line may
contain the 'noinitrd' option, in which case the initrd is ignored, but
this will not be reflected in the PCR that covers the initrd measurement.
This could be addressed by measuring the command line as well, and
including that PCR in the attestation policy, but this locks down the
command line completely, which may be too restrictive.
So let's take the noinitrd argument into account in the stub, too. This
forces any PCR that covers the initrd to assume a different value when
noinitrd is passed, allowing an attestation policy to disregard the
command line if there is no need to take its measurement into account
for other reasons.
As Peter points out, this would still require the agent that takes the
measurements to measure a separator event into the PCR in question at
ExitBootServices() time, to prevent replay attacks using the known
measurement from the TPM log.
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
There are currently two ways to specify the initrd to be passed to the
Linux kernel when booting via the EFI stub:
- it can be passed as a initrd= command line option when doing a pure PE
boot (as opposed to the EFI handover protocol that exists for x86)
- otherwise, the bootloader or firmware can load the initrd into memory,
and pass the address and size via the bootparams struct (x86) or
device tree (ARM)
In the first case, we are limited to loading from the same file system
that the kernel was loaded from, and it is also problematic in a trusted
boot context, given that we cannot easily protect the command line from
tampering without either adding complicated white/blacklisting of boot
arguments or locking down the command line altogether.
In the second case, we force the bootloader to duplicate knowledge about
the boot protocol which is already encoded in the stub, and which may be
subject to change over time, e.g., bootparams struct definitions, memory
allocation/alignment requirements for the placement of the initrd etc etc.
In the ARM case, it also requires the bootloader to modify the hardware
description provided by the firmware, as it is passed in the same file.
On systems where the initrd is measured after loading, it creates a time
window where the initrd contents might be manipulated in memory before
handing over to the kernel.
Address these concerns by adding support for loading the initrd into
memory by invoking the EFI LoadFile2 protocol installed on a vendor
GUIDed device path that specifically designates a Linux initrd.
This addresses the above concerns, by putting the EFI stub in charge of
placement in memory and of passing the base and size to the kernel proper
(via whatever means it desires) while still leaving it up to the firmware
or bootloader to obtain the file contents, potentially from other file
systems than the one the kernel itself was loaded from. On platforms that
implement measured boot, it permits the firmware to take the measurement
right before the kernel actually consumes the contents.
Acked-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Provide descriptions for the functions invoking the EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL.
Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Reviewed-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200221114716.4372-1-xypron.glpk@gmx.de
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Update the description of of efi_relocate_kernel() to match Sphinx style.
Update parameter references in the description of other memory functions
to use @param style.
Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200220065317.9096-1-xypron.glpk@gmx.de
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Add the protocol definitions, GUIDs and mixed mode glue so that
the EFI loadfile protocol can be used from the stub. This will
be used in a future patch to load the initrd.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
We will be adding support for loading the initrd from a GUIDed
device path in a subsequent patch, so update the prototype of
the LocateDevicePath() boot service to make it callable from
our code.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
We currently parse the command non-destructively, to avoid having to
allocate memory for a copy before passing it to the standard parsing
routines that are used by the core kernel, and which modify the input
to delineate the parsed tokens with NUL characters.
Instead, we call strstr() and strncmp() to go over the input multiple
times, and match prefixes rather than tokens, which implies that we
would match, e.g., 'nokaslrfoo' in the stub and disable KASLR, while
the kernel would disregard the option and run with KASLR enabled.
In order to avoid having to reason about whether and how this behavior
may be abused, let's clean up the parsing routines, and rebuild them
on top of the existing helpers.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
On x86, the preferred load address of the initrd is still below 4 GB,
even though in some cases, we can cope with an initrd that is loaded
above that.
To simplify the code, and to make it more straightforward to introduce
other ways to load the initrd, pass the soft and hard memory limits at
the same time, and let the code handling the initrd= command line option
deal with this.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The file I/O routine that is used to load initrd or dtb files from
the EFI system partition suffers from a few issues:
- it converts the u8[] command line back to a UTF-16 string, which is
pointless since we only handle initrd or dtb arguments provided via
the loaded image protocol anyway, which is where we got the UTF-16[]
command line from in the first place when booting via the PE entry
point,
- in the far majority of cases, only a single initrd= option is present,
but it optimizes for multiple options, by going over the command line
twice, allocating heap buffers for dynamically sized arrays, etc.
- the coding style is hard to follow, with few comments, and all logic
including string parsing etc all combined in a single routine.
Let's fix this by rewriting most of it, based on the idea that in the
case of multiple initrds, we can just allocate a new, bigger buffer
and copy over the data before freeing the old one.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Split off the file I/O support code into a separate source file so
it ends up in a separate object file in the static library, allowing
the linker to omit it if the routines are not used.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
efi_random_alloc() is only used on arm64, but as it shares a source
file with efi_random_get_seed(), the latter will pull in the former
on other architectures as well.
Let's take advantage of the fact that libstub is a static library,
and so the linker will only incorporate objects that are needed to
satisfy dependencies in other objects. This means we can move the
random alloc code to a separate source file that gets built
unconditionally, but only used when needed.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
We now support cmdline data that is located in memory that is not
32-bit addressable, so relax the allocation limit on systems where
this feature is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Move all the declarations that are only used in stub code from
linux/efi.h to efistub.h which is only included locally.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
We now support bootparams structures that are located in memory that
is not 32-bit addressable, so relax the allocation limit on systems
where this feature is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Align the naming of efi_file_io_interface_t and efi_file_handle_t with
the UEFI spec, and call them efi_simple_file_system_protocol_t and
efi_file_protocol_t, respectively, using the same convention we use
for all other type definitions that originate in the UEFI spec.
While at it, move the definitions to efistub.h, so they are only seen
by code that needs them.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Most of the EFI stub source files of all architectures reside under
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub, where they share a Makefile with special
CFLAGS and an include file with declarations that are only relevant
for stub code.
Currently, we carry a lot of stub specific stuff in linux/efi.h only
because eboot.c in arch/x86 needs them as well. So let's move eboot.c
into libstub/, and move the contents of eboot.h that we still care
about into efistub.h
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The implementation of efi_high_alloc() uses a complicated way of
traversing the memory map to find an available region that is located
as close as possible to the provided upper limit, and calls AllocatePages
subsequently to create the allocation at that exact address.
This is precisely what the EFI_ALLOCATE_MAX_ADDRESS allocation type
argument to AllocatePages() does, and considering that EFI_ALLOC_ALIGN
only exceeds EFI_PAGE_SIZE on arm64, let's use AllocatePages() directly
and implement the alignment using code that the compiler can remove if
it does not exceed EFI_PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Create a new source file mem.c to keep the routines involved in memory
allocation and deallocation and manipulation of the EFI memory map.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The arm64 kernel no longer requires the FDT blob to fit inside a
naturally aligned 2 MB memory block, so remove the code that aligns
the allocation to 2 MB.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Instead of setting the visibility pragma for a small set of symbol
declarations that could result in absolute references that we cannot
support in the stub, declare hidden visibility for all code in the
EFI stub, which is more robust and future proof.
To ensure that the #pragma is taken into account before any other
includes are processed, put it in a header file of its own and
include it via the compiler command line using the -include option.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
The UEFI spec defines (and deprecates) a misguided and shortlived
memory protection feature that is based on splitting memory regions
covering PE/COFF executables into separate code and data regions,
without annotating them as belonging to the same executable image.
When the OS assigns the virtual addresses of these regions, it may
move them around arbitrarily, without taking into account that the
PE/COFF code sections may contain relative references into the data
sections, which means the relative placement of these segments has
to be preserved or the executable image will be corrupted.
The original workaround on arm64 was to ensure that adjacent regions
of the same type were mapped adjacently in the virtual mapping, but
this requires sorting of the memory map, which we would prefer to
avoid.
Considering that the native physical mapping of the PE/COFF images
does not suffer from this issue, let's preserve it at runtime, and
install it as the virtual mapping as well.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Expose efi_entry() as the PE/COFF entrypoint directly, instead of
jumping into a wrapper that fiddles with stack buffers and other
stuff that the compiler is much better at. The only reason this
code exists is to obtain a pointer to the base of the image, but
we can get the same value from the loaded_image protocol, which
we already need for other reasons anyway.
Update the return type as well, to make it consistent with what
is required for a PE/COFF executable entrypoint.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Add an option to disable the busmaster bit in the control register on
all PCI bridges before calling ExitBootServices() and passing control
to the runtime kernel. System firmware may configure the IOMMU to prevent
malicious PCI devices from being able to attack the OS via DMA. However,
since firmware can't guarantee that the OS is IOMMU-aware, it will tear
down IOMMU configuration when ExitBootServices() is called. This leaves
a window between where a hostile device could still cause damage before
Linux configures the IOMMU again.
If CONFIG_EFI_DISABLE_PCI_DMA is enabled or "efi=disable_early_pci_dma"
is passed on the command line, the EFI stub will clear the busmaster bit
on all PCI bridges before ExitBootServices() is called. This will
prevent any malicious PCI devices from being able to perform DMA until
the kernel reenables busmastering after configuring the IOMMU.
This option may cause failures with some poorly behaved hardware and
should not be enabled without testing. The kernel commandline options
"efi=disable_early_pci_dma" or "efi=no_disable_early_pci_dma" may be
used to override the default. Note that PCI devices downstream from PCI
bridges are disconnected from their drivers first, using the UEFI
driver model API, so that DMA can be disabled safely at the bridge
level.
[ardb: disconnect PCI I/O handles first, as suggested by Arvind]
Co-developed-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <matthewgarrett@google.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200103113953.9571-18-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Introduce the ability to define macros to perform argument translation
for the calls that need it, and define them for the boot services that
we currently use.
When calling 32-bit firmware methods in mixed mode, all output
parameters that are 32-bit according to the firmware, but 64-bit in the
kernel (ie OUT UINTN * or OUT VOID **) must be initialized in the
kernel, or the upper 32 bits may contain garbage. Define macros that
zero out the upper 32 bits of the output before invoking the firmware
method.
When a 32-bit EFI call takes 64-bit arguments, the mixed-mode call must
push the two 32-bit halves as separate arguments onto the stack. This
can be achieved by splitting the argument into its two halves when
calling the assembler thunk. Define a macro to do this for the
free_pages boot service.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200103113953.9571-17-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Drop leading underscores and use bool not int for true/false
variables set on the command line.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-25-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The macros efi_call_early and efi_call_runtime are used to call EFI
boot services and runtime services, respectively. However, the naming
is confusing, given that the early vs runtime distinction may suggest
that these are used for calling the same set of services either early
or late (== at runtime), while in reality, the sets of services they
can be used with are completely disjoint, and efi_call_runtime is also
only usable in 'early' code.
So do a global sweep to replace all occurrences with efi_bs_call or
efi_rt_call, respectively, where BS and RT match the idiom used by
the UEFI spec to refer to boot time or runtime services.
While at it, use 'func' as the macro parameter name for the function
pointers, which is less likely to collide and cause weird build errors.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-24-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
None of the definitions of the efi_table_attr() still refer to
their 'table' argument so let's get rid of it entirely.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-23-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
After refactoring the mixed mode support code, efi_call_proto()
no longer uses its protocol argument in any of its implementation,
so let's remove it altogether.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-22-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Mixed mode translates calls from the 64-bit kernel into the 32-bit
firmware by wrapping them in a call to a thunking routine that
pushes a 32-bit word onto the stack for each argument passed to the
function, regardless of the argument type. This works surprisingly
well for most services and protocols, with the exception of ones that
take explicit 64-bit arguments.
efi_free() invokes the FreePages() EFI boot service, which takes
a efi_physical_addr_t as its address argument, and this is one of
those 64-bit types. This means that the 32-bit firmware will
interpret the (addr, size) pair as a single 64-bit quantity, and
since it is guaranteed to have the high word set (as size > 0),
it will always fail due to the fact that EFI memory allocations are
always < 4 GB on 32-bit firmware.
So let's fix this by giving the thunking code a little hand, and
pass two values for the address, and a third one for the size.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-21-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We have a helper efi_system_table() that gives us the address of the
EFI system table in memory, so there is no longer point in passing
it around from each function to the next.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-20-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
As a first step towards getting rid of the need to pass around a function
parameter 'sys_table_arg' pointing to the EFI system table, remove the
references to it in the printing code, which is represents the majority
of the use cases.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-19-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Use a single implementation for efi_char16_printk() across all
architectures.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-17-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The efi_call macros on ARM have a dependency on a variable 'sys_table_arg'
existing in the scope of the macro instantiation. Since this variable
always points to the same data structure, let's create a global getter
for it and use that instead.
Note that the use of a global variable with external linkage is avoided,
given the problems we had in the past with early processing of the GOT
tables.
While at it, drop the redundant casts in the efi_table_attr and
efi_call_proto macros.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-16-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The EFI file I/O routines built on top of the file I/O firmware
services are incompatible with mixed mode, so there is no need
to obfuscate them by using protocol wrappers whose only purpose
is to hide the mixed mode handling. So let's switch to plain
indirect calls instead.
This also means we can drop the mixed_mode aliases from the various
types involved.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-15-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Annotate all the firmware routines (boot services, runtime services and
protocol methods) called in the boot context as __efiapi, and make
it expand to __attribute__((ms_abi)) on 64-bit x86. This allows us
to use the compiler to generate the calls into firmware that use the
MS calling convention instead of the SysV one.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-13-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We will soon remove another level of pointer casting, so let's make
sure all type handling involving firmware calls at boot time is correct.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-12-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Now that we have incorporated the mixed mode protocol definitions
into the native ones using unions, we no longer need the separate
32/64 bit struct definitions, with the exception of the EFI system
table definition and the boot services, runtime services and
configuration table definitions. So drop the unused ones.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-11-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Currently, we support mixed mode by casting all boot time firmware
calls to 64-bit explicitly on native 64-bit systems, and to 32-bit
on 32-bit systems or 64-bit systems running with 32-bit firmware.
Due to this explicit awareness of the bitness in the code, we do a
lot of casting even on generic code that is shared with other
architectures, where mixed mode does not even exist. This casting
leads to loss of coverage of type checking by the compiler, which
we should try to avoid.
So instead of distinguishing between 32-bit vs 64-bit, distinguish
between native vs mixed, and limit all the nasty casting and
pointer mangling to the code that actually deals with mixed mode.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-10-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In preparation of moving to a native vs. mixed mode split rather than a
32 vs. 64 bit split when it comes to invoking EFI firmware services,
update all the native protocol definitions and redefine them as unions
containing an anonymous struct for the native view and a struct called
'mixed_mode' describing the 32-bit view of the protocol when called from
64-bit code.
While at it, flesh out some PCI I/O member definitions that we will be
needing shortly.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-9-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Iterating over a EFI handle array is a bit finicky, since we have
to take mixed mode into account, where handles are only 32-bit
while the native efi_handle_t type is 64-bit.
So introduce a helper, and replace the various occurrences of
this pattern.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-8-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Use efi_table_attr macro to deal with 32/64-bit firmware using the same
source code.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-5-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Use typedef for the GOP structures, in anticipation of unifying
32/64-bit code. Also use more appropriate types in the non-bitness
specific structures for the framebuffer address and pointers.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224151025.32482-4-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Commit:
0d95981438 ("x86: efi/random: Invoke EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL to seed the UEFI RNG table")
causes the drivers/efi/libstub/random.c code to get used on x86 for the first time.
But this code was not written with EFI mixed mode in mind (running a 64
bit kernel on 32 bit EFI firmware), this causes the kernel to crash during
early boot when running in mixed mode.
The problem is that in mixed mode pointers are 64 bit, but when running on
a 32 bit firmware, EFI calls which return a pointer value by reference only
fill the lower 32 bits of the passed pointer, leaving the upper 32 bits
uninitialized which leads to crashes.
This commit fixes this by initializing pointers which are passed by
reference to EFI calls to NULL before passing them, so that the upper 32
bits are initialized to 0.
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 0d95981438 ("x86: efi/random: Invoke EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL to seed the UEFI RNG table")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191224132909.102540-3-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
efi_graphics_output_protocol::query_mode() returns info in
callee-allocated memory which must be freed by the caller, which
we aren't doing.
We don't actually need to call query_mode() in order to obtain the
info for the current graphics mode, which is already there in
gop->mode->info, so just access it directly in the setup_gop32/64()
functions.
Also nothing uses the size of the info structure, so don't update the
passed-in size (which is the size of the gop_handle table in bytes)
unnecessarily.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Cc: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191206165542.31469-5-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
If we've found a usable instance of the Graphics Output Protocol
(GOP) with a framebuffer, it is possible that one of the later EFI
calls fails while checking if any support console output. In this
case status may be an EFI error code even though we found a usable
GOP.
Fix this by explicitly return EFI_SUCCESS if a usable GOP has been
located.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Cc: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191206165542.31469-4-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
If we don't find a usable instance of the Graphics Output Protocol
(GOP) because none of them have a framebuffer (i.e. they were all
PIXEL_BLT_ONLY), but all the EFI calls succeeded, we will return
EFI_SUCCESS even though we didn't find a usable GOP.
Fix this by explicitly returning EFI_NOT_FOUND if no usable GOPs are
found, allowing the caller to probe for UGA instead.
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Cc: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191206165542.31469-3-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
- Update the ACPICA code in the kernel to upstream revision 20191018
including:
* Fixes for Clang warnings (Bob Moore).
* Fix for possible overflow in get_tick_count() (Bob Moore).
* Introduction of acpi_unload_table() (Bob Moore).
* Debugger and utilities updates (Erik Schmauss).
* Fix for unloading tables loaded via configfs (Nikolaus Voss).
- Add support for EFI specific purpose memory to optionally allow
either application-exclusive or core-kernel-mm managed access to
differentiated memory (Dan Williams).
- Fix and clean up processing of the HMAT table (Brice Goglin,
Qian Cai, Tao Xu).
- Update the ACPI EC driver to make it work on systems with
hardware-reduced ACPI (Daniel Drake).
- Always build in support for the Generic Event Device (GED) to
allow one kernel binary to work both on systems with full
hardware ACPI and hardware-reduced ACPI (Arjan van de Ven).
- Fix the table unload mechanism to unregister platform devices
created when the given table was loaded (Andy Shevchenko).
- Rework the lid blacklist handling in the button driver and add
more lid quirks to it (Hans de Goede).
- Improve ACPI-based device enumeration for some platforms based
on Intel BayTrail SoCs (Hans de Goede).
- Add an OpRegion driver for the Cherry Trail Crystal Cove PMIC
and prevent handlers from being registered for unhandled PMIC
OpRegions (Hans de Goede).
- Unify ACPI _HID/_UID matching (Andy Shevchenko).
- Clean up documentation and comments (Cao jin, James Pack, Kacper
Piwiński).
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Merge tag 'acpi-5.5-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull ACPI updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"These update the ACPICA code in the kernel to upstream revision
20191018, add support for EFI specific purpose memory, update the ACPI
EC driver to make it work on systems with hardware-reduced ACPI,
improve ACPI-based device enumeration for some platforms, rework the
lid blacklist handling in the button driver and add more lid quirks to
it, unify ACPI _HID/_UID matching, fix assorted issues and clean up
the code and documentation.
Specifics:
- Update the ACPICA code in the kernel to upstream revision 20191018
including:
* Fixes for Clang warnings (Bob Moore)
* Fix for possible overflow in get_tick_count() (Bob Moore)
* Introduction of acpi_unload_table() (Bob Moore)
* Debugger and utilities updates (Erik Schmauss)
* Fix for unloading tables loaded via configfs (Nikolaus Voss)
- Add support for EFI specific purpose memory to optionally allow
either application-exclusive or core-kernel-mm managed access to
differentiated memory (Dan Williams)
- Fix and clean up processing of the HMAT table (Brice Goglin, Qian
Cai, Tao Xu)
- Update the ACPI EC driver to make it work on systems with
hardware-reduced ACPI (Daniel Drake)
- Always build in support for the Generic Event Device (GED) to allow
one kernel binary to work both on systems with full hardware ACPI
and hardware-reduced ACPI (Arjan van de Ven)
- Fix the table unload mechanism to unregister platform devices
created when the given table was loaded (Andy Shevchenko)
- Rework the lid blacklist handling in the button driver and add more
lid quirks to it (Hans de Goede)
- Improve ACPI-based device enumeration for some platforms based on
Intel BayTrail SoCs (Hans de Goede)
- Add an OpRegion driver for the Cherry Trail Crystal Cove PMIC and
prevent handlers from being registered for unhandled PMIC OpRegions
(Hans de Goede)
- Unify ACPI _HID/_UID matching (Andy Shevchenko)
- Clean up documentation and comments (Cao jin, James Pack, Kacper
Piwiński)"
* tag 'acpi-5.5-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (52 commits)
ACPI: OSI: Shoot duplicate word
ACPI: HMAT: use %u instead of %d to print u32 values
ACPI: NUMA: HMAT: fix a section mismatch
ACPI: HMAT: don't mix pxm and nid when setting memory target processor_pxm
ACPI: NUMA: HMAT: Register "soft reserved" memory as an "hmem" device
ACPI: NUMA: HMAT: Register HMAT at device_initcall level
device-dax: Add a driver for "hmem" devices
dax: Fix alloc_dax_region() compile warning
lib: Uplevel the pmem "region" ida to a global allocator
x86/efi: Add efi_fake_mem support for EFI_MEMORY_SP
arm/efi: EFI soft reservation to memblock
x86/efi: EFI soft reservation to E820 enumeration
efi: Common enable/disable infrastructure for EFI soft reservation
x86/efi: Push EFI_MEMMAP check into leaf routines
efi: Enumerate EFI_MEMORY_SP
ACPI: NUMA: Establish a new drivers/acpi/numa/ directory
ACPICA: Update version to 20191018
ACPICA: debugger: remove leading whitespaces when converting a string to a buffer
ACPICA: acpiexec: initialize all simple types and field units from user input
ACPICA: debugger: add field unit support for acpi_db_get_next_token
...
This blacklists several compilation units from KCSAN. See the respective
inline comments for the reasoning.
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
UEFI 2.8 defines an EFI_MEMORY_SP attribute bit to augment the
interpretation of the EFI Memory Types as "reserved for a specific
purpose".
The proposed Linux behavior for specific purpose memory is that it is
reserved for direct-access (device-dax) by default and not available for
any kernel usage, not even as an OOM fallback. Later, through udev
scripts or another init mechanism, these device-dax claimed ranges can
be reconfigured and hot-added to the available System-RAM with a unique
node identifier. This device-dax management scheme implements "soft" in
the "soft reserved" designation by allowing some or all of the
reservation to be recovered as typical memory. This policy can be
disabled at compile-time with CONFIG_EFI_SOFT_RESERVE=n, or runtime with
efi=nosoftreserve.
For this patch, update the ARM paths that consider
EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY to optionally take the EFI_MEMORY_SP attribute
into account as a reservation indicator. Publish the soft reservation as
IORES_DESC_SOFT_RESERVED memory, similar to x86.
(Based on an original patch by Ard)
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
UEFI 2.8 defines an EFI_MEMORY_SP attribute bit to augment the
interpretation of the EFI Memory Types as "reserved for a specific
purpose".
The proposed Linux behavior for specific purpose memory is that it is
reserved for direct-access (device-dax) by default and not available for
any kernel usage, not even as an OOM fallback. Later, through udev
scripts or another init mechanism, these device-dax claimed ranges can
be reconfigured and hot-added to the available System-RAM with a unique
node identifier. This device-dax management scheme implements "soft" in
the "soft reserved" designation by allowing some or all of the
reservation to be recovered as typical memory. This policy can be
disabled at compile-time with CONFIG_EFI_SOFT_RESERVE=n, or runtime with
efi=nosoftreserve.
As for this patch, define the common helpers to determine if the
EFI_MEMORY_SP attribute should be honored. The determination needs to be
made early to prevent the kernel from being loaded into soft-reserved
memory, or otherwise allowing early allocations to land there. Follow-on
changes are needed per architecture to leverage these helpers in their
respective mem-init paths.
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Wire up the existing code for ARM that loads the TPM event log into
OS accessible buffers while running the EFI stub so that the kernel
proper can access it at runtime.
Tested-by: Zou Cao <zoucao@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Xinwei Kong <kong.kongxinwei@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Invoke the EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL protocol in the context of the x86 EFI stub,
same as is done on arm/arm64 since commit 568bc4e870 ("efi/arm*/libstub:
Invoke EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL to seed the UEFI RNG table"). Within the stub,
a Linux-specific RNG seed UEFI config table will be seeded. The EFI routines
in the core kernel will pick that up later, yet still early during boot,
to seed the kernel entropy pool. If CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER, entropy
is credited for this seed.
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
To handle all arch-specific peculiarities when calling an EFI protocol
function, a wrapper efi_call_proto() exists on all relevant architectures.
On arm/arm64, this is merely a plain function call. On x86, a special EFI
entry stub needs to be used, however, as the calling convention differs.
To make the efi/random stub arch-independent, use efi_call_proto()
instead of the existing non-portable calls to the EFI get_rng protocol
function. This also requires the addition of some typedefs.
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Currently, kernel fails to boot on some HyperV VMs when using EFI.
And it's a potential issue on all x86 platforms.
It's caused by broken kernel relocation on EFI systems, when below three
conditions are met:
1. Kernel image is not loaded to the default address (LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR)
by the loader.
2. There isn't enough room to contain the kernel, starting from the
default load address (eg. something else occupied part the region).
3. In the memmap provided by EFI firmware, there is a memory region
starts below LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, and suitable for containing the
kernel.
EFI stub will perform a kernel relocation when condition 1 is met. But
due to condition 2, EFI stub can't relocate kernel to the preferred
address, so it fallback to ask EFI firmware to alloc lowest usable memory
region, got the low region mentioned in condition 3, and relocated
kernel there.
It's incorrect to relocate the kernel below LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR. This
is the lowest acceptable kernel relocation address.
The first thing goes wrong is in arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S.
Kernel decompression will force use LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR as the output
address if kernel is located below it. Then the relocation before
decompression, which move kernel to the end of the decompression buffer,
will overwrite other memory region, as there is no enough memory there.
To fix it, just don't let EFI stub relocate the kernel to any address
lower than lowest acceptable address.
[ ardb: introduce efi_low_alloc_above() to reduce the scope of the change ]
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191029173755.27149-6-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The EFI stubloader for ARM starts out by allocating a 32 MB window
at the base of RAM, in order to ensure that the decompressor (which
blindly copies the uncompressed kernel into that window) does not
overwrite other allocations that are made while running in the context
of the EFI firmware.
In some cases, (e.g., U-Boot running on the Raspberry Pi 2), this is
causing boot failures because this initial allocation conflicts with
a page of reserved memory at the base of RAM that contains the SMP spin
tables and other pieces of firmware data and which was put there by
the bootloader under the assumption that the TEXT_OFFSET window right
below the kernel is only used partially during early boot, and will be
left alone once the memory reservations are processed and taken into
account.
So let's permit reserved memory regions to exist in the region starting
at the base of RAM, and ending at TEXT_OFFSET - 5 * PAGE_SIZE, which is
the window below the kernel that is not touched by the early boot code.
Tested-by: Guillaume Gardet <Guillaume.Gardet@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Chester Lin <clin@suse.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191029173755.27149-5-ardb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Fix get_efi_config_table using the wrong structs when booting a
64 bit kernel on 32 bit firmware.
Fixes: 82d736ac56 ("Abstract out support for locating an EFI config table")
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-By: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
After the first call to GetEventLog() on UEFI systems using the TCG2
crypto agile log format, any further log events (other than those
triggered by ExitBootServices()) will be logged in both the main log and
also in the Final Events Log. While the kernel only calls GetEventLog()
immediately before ExitBootServices(), we can't control whether earlier
parts of the boot process have done so. This will result in log entries
that exist in both logs, and so the current approach of simply appending
the Final Event Log to the main log will result in events being
duplicated.
We can avoid this problem by looking at the size of the Final Event Log
just before we call ExitBootServices() and exporting this to the main
kernel. The kernel can then skip over all events that occured before
ExitBootServices() and only append events that were not also logged to
the main log.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
Reported-by: Joe Richey <joerichey@google.com>
Suggested-by: Joe Richey <joerichey@google.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
We want to grab a pointer to the TPM final events table, so abstract out
the existing code for finding an FDT table and make it generic.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Right now we only attempt to obtain the SHA1-only event log. The
protocol also supports a crypto agile log format, which contains digests
for all algorithms in use. Attempt to obtain this first, and fall back
to obtaining the older format if the system doesn't support it. This is
lightly complicated by the event sizes being variable (as we don't know
in advance which algorithms are in use), and the interface giving us
back a pointer to the start of the final entry rather than a pointer to
the end of the log - as a result, we need to parse the final entry to
figure out its length in order to know how much data to copy up to the
OS.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Bartosz Szczepanek <bsz@semihalf.com>
Tested-by: Bartosz Szczepanek <bsz@semihalf.com>
Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this file is part of the linux kernel and is made available under
the terms of the gnu general public license version 2
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-only
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 28 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Enrico Weigelt <info@metux.net>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190604081206.534229504@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Mostly just incremental improvements here:
- Introduce AT_HWCAP2 for advertising CPU features to userspace
- Expose SVE2 availability to userspace
- Support for "data cache clean to point of deep persistence" (DC PODP)
- Honour "mitigations=off" on the cmdline and advertise status via sysfs
- CPU timer erratum workaround (Neoverse-N1 #1188873)
- Introduce perf PMU driver for the SMMUv3 performance counters
- Add config option to disable the kuser helpers page for AArch32 tasks
- Futex modifications to ensure liveness under contention
- Rework debug exception handling to seperate kernel and user handlers
- Non-critical fixes and cleanup
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
"Mostly just incremental improvements here:
- Introduce AT_HWCAP2 for advertising CPU features to userspace
- Expose SVE2 availability to userspace
- Support for "data cache clean to point of deep persistence" (DC PODP)
- Honour "mitigations=off" on the cmdline and advertise status via
sysfs
- CPU timer erratum workaround (Neoverse-N1 #1188873)
- Introduce perf PMU driver for the SMMUv3 performance counters
- Add config option to disable the kuser helpers page for AArch32 tasks
- Futex modifications to ensure liveness under contention
- Rework debug exception handling to seperate kernel and user
handlers
- Non-critical fixes and cleanup"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (92 commits)
Documentation: Add ARM64 to kernel-parameters.rst
arm64/speculation: Support 'mitigations=' cmdline option
arm64: ssbs: Don't treat CPUs with SSBS as unaffected by SSB
arm64: enable generic CPU vulnerabilites support
arm64: add sysfs vulnerability show for speculative store bypass
arm64: Fix size of __early_cpu_boot_status
clocksource/arm_arch_timer: Use arch_timer_read_counter to access stable counters
clocksource/arm_arch_timer: Remove use of workaround static key
clocksource/arm_arch_timer: Drop use of static key in arch_timer_reg_read_stable
clocksource/arm_arch_timer: Direcly assign set_next_event workaround
arm64: Use arch_timer_read_counter instead of arch_counter_get_cntvct
watchdog/sbsa: Use arch_timer_read_counter instead of arch_counter_get_cntvct
ARM: vdso: Remove dependency with the arch_timer driver internals
arm64: Apply ARM64_ERRATUM_1188873 to Neoverse-N1
arm64: Add part number for Neoverse N1
arm64: Make ARM64_ERRATUM_1188873 depend on COMPAT
arm64: Restrict ARM64_ERRATUM_1188873 mitigation to AArch32
arm64: mm: Remove pte_unmap_nested()
arm64: Fix compiler warning from pte_unmap() with -Wunused-but-set-variable
arm64: compat: Reduce address limit for 64K pages
...
In preparation for arm64 supporting ftrace built on other compiler
options, let's have Makefiles remove the $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE) flags,
whatever these maybe, rather than assuming '-pg'.
While at it, fix arm32 as well. There should be no functional change as
a result of this patch.
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Commit f922c4abdf ("module: allow symbol exports to be disabled")
introduced a way to inhibit generation of kcrctab/ksymtab sections
when building ordinary kernel code to be used in a different execution
context (decompressor, EFI stub, etc)
That means we no longer have to strip those sections explicitly when
building the EFI libstub objects, so drop this from the Makefile.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190328193429.21373-6-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
It took me a while to understand what is going on in the nested
if-blocks.
Simplify it by removing unneeded code.
- if_changed automatically adds 'set -e', so any failure in the
series of commands makes it immediately fail as a whole.
So, the outer if block is entirely redundant.
- Since commit 9c2af1c737 ("kbuild: add .DELETE_ON_ERROR special target"),
GNU Make automatically deletes the target on any failure
in its recipe. The explicit 'rm -f $@' is redundant.
- Surrounding commands with ( ) will spawn a subshell to execute them
in it, but it is rarely useful to do so.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190328193429.21373-2-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main EFI changes in this cycle were:
- Use 32-bit alignment for efi_guid_t
- Allow the SetVirtualAddressMap() call to be omitted
- Implement earlycon=efifb based on existing earlyprintk code
- Various minor fixes and code cleanups from Sai, Ard and me"
* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
efi: Fix build error due to enum collision between efi.h and ima.h
efi/x86: Convert x86 EFI earlyprintk into generic earlycon implementation
x86: Make ARCH_USE_MEMREMAP_PROT a generic Kconfig symbol
efi/arm/arm64: Allow SetVirtualAddressMap() to be omitted
efi: Replace GPL license boilerplate with SPDX headers
efi/fdt: Apply more cleanups
efi: Use 32-bit alignment for efi_guid_t
efi/memattr: Don't bail on zero VA if it equals the region's PA
x86/efi: Mark can_free_region() as an __init function
This reverts commit eff8962888, which
deferred the processing of persistent memory reservations to a point
where the memory may have already been allocated and overwritten,
defeating the purpose.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190215123333.21209-3-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The UEFI spec revision 2.7 errata A section 8.4 has the following to
say about the virtual memory runtime services:
"This section contains function definitions for the virtual memory
support that may be optionally used by an operating system at runtime.
If an operating system chooses to make EFI runtime service calls in a
virtual addressing mode instead of the flat physical mode, then the
operating system must use the services in this section to switch the
EFI runtime services from flat physical addressing to virtual
addressing."
So it is pretty clear that calling SetVirtualAddressMap() is entirely
optional, and so there is no point in doing so unless it achieves
anything useful for us.
This is not the case for 64-bit ARM. The identity mapping used by the
firmware is arbitrarily converted into another permutation of userland
addresses (i.e., bits [63:48] cleared), and the runtime code could easily
deal with the original layout in exactly the same way as it deals with
the converted layout. However, due to constraints related to page size
differences if the OS is not running with 4k pages, and related to
systems that may expose the individual sections of PE/COFF runtime
modules as different memory regions, creating the virtual layout is a
bit fiddly, and requires us to sort the memory map and reason about
adjacent regions with identical memory types etc etc.
So the obvious fix is to stop calling SetVirtualAddressMap() altogether
on arm64 systems. However, to avoid surprises, which are notoriously
hard to diagnose when it comes to OS<->firmware interactions, let's
start by making it an opt-out feature, and implement support for the
'efi=novamap' kernel command line parameter on ARM and arm64 systems.
( Note that 32-bit ARM generally does require SetVirtualAddressMap() to be
used, given that the physical memory map and the kernel virtual address
map are not guaranteed to be non-overlapping like on arm64. However,
having support for efi=novamap,noruntime on 32-bit ARM, combined with
the recently proposed support for earlycon=efifb, is likely to be useful
to diagnose boot issues on such systems if they have no accessible serial
port. )
Tested-by: Jeffrey Hugo <jhugo@codeaurora.org>
Tested-by: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190202094119.13230-8-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Replace all GPL license blurbs with an equivalent SPDX header (most
files are GPLv2, some are GPLv2+). While at it, drop some outdated
header changelogs as well.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Cc: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Cc: Jeffrey Hugo <jhugo@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190202094119.13230-7-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Apply a number of cleanups:
- Introduce fdt_setprop_*var() helper macros to simplify and shorten repetitive
sequences - this also makes it less likely that the wrong variable size is
passed in. This change makes a lot of the property-setting calls single-line
and easier to read.
- Harmonize comment style: capitalization, punctuation, whitespaces, etc.
- Fix some whitespace noise in the libstub Makefile which I happened to notice.
- Use the standard tabular initialization style:
- map.map = &runtime_map;
- map.map_size = &map_size;
- map.desc_size = &desc_size;
- map.desc_ver = &desc_ver;
- map.key_ptr = &mmap_key;
- map.buff_size = &buff_size;
+ map.map = &runtime_map;
+ map.map_size = &map_size;
+ map.desc_size = &desc_size;
+ map.desc_ver = &desc_ver;
+ map.key_ptr = &mmap_key;
+ map.buff_size = &buff_size;
- Use tabular structure definition for better readability.
- Make all pr*() lines single-line, even if they marginally exceed 80 cols - this
makes them visually less intrusive.
- Unbreak line breaks into single lines when the length exceeds 80 cols only
marginally, for better readability.
- Move assignment closer to the actual usage site.
- Plus some other smaller cleanups, spelling fixes, etc.
No change in functionality intended.
[ ardb: move changes to upstream libfdt into local header. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Cc: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Cc: Jeffrey Hugo <jhugo@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190202094119.13230-6-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this cycle were:
- Allocate the E820 buffer before doing the
GetMemoryMap/ExitBootServices dance so we don't run out of space
- Clear EFI boot services mappings when freeing the memory
- Harden efivars against callers that invoke it on non-EFI boots
- Reduce the number of memblock reservations resulting from extensive
use of the new efi_mem_reserve_persistent() API
- Other assorted fixes and cleanups"
* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/efi: Don't unmap EFI boot services code/data regions for EFI_OLD_MEMMAP and EFI_MIXED_MODE
efi: Reduce the amount of memblock reservations for persistent allocations
efi: Permit multiple entries in persistent memreserve data structure
efi/libstub: Disable some warnings for x86{,_64}
x86/efi: Move efi_<reserve/free>_boot_services() to arch/x86
x86/efi: Unmap EFI boot services code/data regions from efi_pgd
x86/mm/pageattr: Introduce helper function to unmap EFI boot services
efi/fdt: Simplify the get_fdt() flow
efi/fdt: Indentation fix
firmware/efi: Add NULL pointer checks in efivars API functions
We wish to introduce a 52-bit virtual address space for userspace but
maintain compatibility with software that assumes the maximum VA space
size is 48 bit.
In order to achieve this, on 52-bit VA systems, we make mmap behave as
if it were running on a 48-bit VA system (unless userspace explicitly
requests a VA where addr[51:48] != 0).
On a system running a 52-bit userspace we need TASK_SIZE to represent
the 52-bit limit as it is used in various places to distinguish between
kernelspace and userspace addresses.
Thus we need a new limit for mmap, stack, ELF loader and EFI (which uses
TTBR0) to represent the non-extended VA space.
This patch introduces DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW and DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW_64 and
switches the appropriate logic to use that instead of TASK_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Steve Capper <steve.capper@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
In preparation of updating efi_mem_reserve_persistent() to cause less
fragmentation when dealing with many persistent reservations, update
the struct definition and the code that handles it currently so it
can describe an arbitrary number of reservations using a single linked
list entry. The actual optimization will be implemented in a subsequent
patch.
Tested-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arend van Spriel <arend.vanspriel@broadcom.com>
Cc: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Snowberg <eric.snowberg@oracle.com>
Cc: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Cc: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: YiFei Zhu <zhuyifei1999@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181129171230.18699-10-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When building the kernel with Clang, some disabled warnings appear
because this Makefile overrides KBUILD_CFLAGS for x86{,_64}. Add them to
this list so that the build is clean again.
-Wpointer-sign was disabled for the whole kernel before the beginning of Git history.
-Waddress-of-packed-member was disabled for the whole kernel and for
the early boot code in these commits:
bfb38988c5 ("kbuild: clang: Disable 'address-of-packed-member' warning")
20c6c18904 ("x86/boot: Disable the address-of-packed-member compiler warning").
-Wgnu was disabled for the whole kernel and for the early boot code in
these commits:
61163efae0 ("kbuild: LLVMLinux: Add Kbuild support for building kernel with Clang")
6c3b56b197 ("x86/boot: Disable Clang warnings about GNU extensions").
[ mingo: Made the changelog more readable. ]
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arend van Spriel <arend.vanspriel@broadcom.com>
Cc: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Snowberg <eric.snowberg@oracle.com>
Cc: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Cc: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: YiFei Zhu <zhuyifei1999@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181129171230.18699-8-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/112
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reorganize the get_fdt() lookup loop, clearly showing that:
- Nothing is done for table entries that do not have fdt_guid
- Once an entry with fdt_guid is found, break out of the loop
No functional changes.
Suggested-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arend van Spriel <arend.vanspriel@broadcom.com>
Cc: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Snowberg <eric.snowberg@oracle.com>
Cc: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: YiFei Zhu <zhuyifei1999@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181129171230.18699-4-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Closing bracket seems to end a for statement when it is actually ending
the contained if. Add some brackets to have clear delimitation of each
scope.
No functional change/fix, just fix the indentation.
Signed-off-by: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arend van Spriel <arend.vanspriel@broadcom.com>
Cc: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Snowberg <eric.snowberg@oracle.com>
Cc: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: YiFei Zhu <zhuyifei1999@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181129171230.18699-3-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The new memory EFI reservation feature we introduced to allow memory
reservations to persist across kexec may trigger an unbounded number
of calls to memblock_reserve(). The memblock subsystem can deal with
this fine, but not before memblock resizing is enabled, which we can
only do after paging_init(), when the memory we reallocate the array
into is actually mapped.
So break out the memreserve table processing into a separate routine
and call it after paging_init() on arm64. On ARM, because of limited
reviewing bandwidth of the maintainer, we cannot currently fix this,
so instead, disable the EFI persistent memreserve entirely on ARM so
we can fix it later.
Tested-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181114175544.12860-5-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Commit:
24d7c494ce ("efi/arm-stub: Round up FDT allocation to mapping size")
increased the allocation size for the FDT image created by the stub to a
fixed value of 2 MB, to simplify the former code that made several
attempts with increasing values for the size. This is reasonable
given that the allocation is of type EFI_LOADER_DATA, which is released
to the kernel unless it is explicitly memblock_reserve()d by the early
boot code.
However, this allocation size leaked into the 'size' field of the FDT
header metadata, and so the entire allocation remains occupied by the
device tree binary, even if most of it is not used to store device tree
information.
So call fdt_pack() to shrink the FDT data structure to its minimum size
after populating all the fields, so that the remaining memory is no
longer wasted.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.12+
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 24d7c494ce ("efi/arm-stub: Round up FDT allocation to mapping size")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181114175544.12860-4-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When building with CONFIG_EFI and CONFIG_EFI_STUB on ARM, the libstub
Makefile would use -mno-single-pic-base without checking it was
supported by the compiler. As the ARM (32-bit) clang backend does not
support this flag, the build would fail.
This changes the Makefile to check the compiler's support for
-mno-single-pic-base before using it, similar to c1c386681b ("ARM:
8767/1: add support for building ARM kernel with clang").
Signed-off-by: Alistair Strachan <astrachan@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Agner <stefan@agner.ch>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Installing UEFI configuration tables can only be done before calling
ExitBootServices(), so if we want to use the new MEMRESRVE config table
from the kernel proper, we need to install a dummy entry from the stub.
Tested-by: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
To allow existing C code to be incorporated into the decompressor or the
UEFI stub, introduce a CPP macro that turns all EXPORT_SYMBOL_xxx
declarations into nops, and #define it in places where such exports are
undesirable. Note that this gets rid of a rather dodgy redefine of
linux/export.h's header guard.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180704083651.24360-3-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A bunch of good stuff in here:
- Wire up support for qspinlock, replacing our trusty ticket lock code
- Add an IPI to flush_icache_range() to ensure that stale instructions
fetched into the pipeline are discarded along with the I-cache lines
- Support for the GCC "stackleak" plugin
- Support for restartable sequences, plus an arm64 port for the selftest
- Kexec/kdump support on systems booting with ACPI
- Rewrite of our syscall entry code in C, which allows us to zero the
GPRs on entry from userspace
- Support for chained PMU counters, allowing 64-bit event counters to be
constructed on current CPUs
- Ensure scheduler topology information is kept up-to-date with CPU
hotplug events
- Re-enable support for huge vmalloc/IO mappings now that the core code
has the correct hooks to use break-before-make sequences
- Miscellaneous, non-critical fixes and cleanups
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
"A bunch of good stuff in here. Worth noting is that we've pulled in
the x86/mm branch from -tip so that we can make use of the core
ioremap changes which allow us to put down huge mappings in the
vmalloc area without screwing up the TLB. Much of the positive
diffstat is because of the rseq selftest for arm64.
Summary:
- Wire up support for qspinlock, replacing our trusty ticket lock
code
- Add an IPI to flush_icache_range() to ensure that stale
instructions fetched into the pipeline are discarded along with the
I-cache lines
- Support for the GCC "stackleak" plugin
- Support for restartable sequences, plus an arm64 port for the
selftest
- Kexec/kdump support on systems booting with ACPI
- Rewrite of our syscall entry code in C, which allows us to zero the
GPRs on entry from userspace
- Support for chained PMU counters, allowing 64-bit event counters to
be constructed on current CPUs
- Ensure scheduler topology information is kept up-to-date with CPU
hotplug events
- Re-enable support for huge vmalloc/IO mappings now that the core
code has the correct hooks to use break-before-make sequences
- Miscellaneous, non-critical fixes and cleanups"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (90 commits)
arm64: alternative: Use true and false for boolean values
arm64: kexec: Add comment to explain use of __flush_icache_range()
arm64: sdei: Mark sdei stack helper functions as static
arm64, kaslr: export offset in VMCOREINFO ELF notes
arm64: perf: Add cap_user_time aarch64
efi/libstub: Only disable stackleak plugin for arm64
arm64: drop unused kernel_neon_begin_partial() macro
arm64: kexec: machine_kexec should call __flush_icache_range
arm64: svc: Ensure hardirq tracing is updated before return
arm64: mm: Export __sync_icache_dcache() for xen-privcmd
drivers/perf: arm-ccn: Use devm_ioremap_resource() to map memory
arm64: Add support for STACKLEAK gcc plugin
arm64: Add stack information to on_accessible_stack
drivers/perf: hisi: update the sccl_id/ccl_id when MT is supported
arm64: fix ACPI dependencies
rseq/selftests: Add support for arm64
arm64: acpi: fix alignment fault in accessing ACPI
efi/arm: map UEFI memory map even w/o runtime services enabled
efi/arm: preserve early mapping of UEFI memory map longer for BGRT
drivers: acpi: add dependency of EFI for arm64
...
arm64 uses the full KBUILD_CFLAGS for building libstub as opposed
to x86 which doesn't. This means that x86 doesn't pick up
the gcc-plugins. We need to disable the stackleak plugin but
doing this unconditionally breaks x86 build since it doesn't
have any plugins. Switch to disabling the stackleak plugin for
arm64 only.
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
This adds support for the STACKLEAK gcc plugin to arm64 by implementing
stackleak_check_alloca(), based heavily on the x86 version, and adding the
two helpers used by the stackleak common code: current_top_of_stack() and
on_thread_stack(). The stack erasure calls are made at syscall returns.
Additionally, this disables the plugin in hypervisor and EFI stub code,
which are out of scope for the protection.
Acked-by: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
There's one ARM, one x86_32 and one x86_64 version of efi_open_volume()
which can be folded into a single shared version by masking their
differences with the efi_call_proto() macro introduced by commit:
3552fdf29f ("efi: Allow bitness-agnostic protocol calls").
To be able to dereference the device_handle attribute from the
efi_loaded_image_t table in an arch- and bitness-agnostic manner,
introduce the efi_table_attr() macro (which already exists for x86)
to arm and arm64.
No functional change intended.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180720014726.24031-7-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
There are various ways a platform can provide a device tree binary
to the kernel, with different levels of sophistication:
- ideally, the UEFI firmware, which is tightly coupled with the
platform, provides a device tree image directly as a UEFI
configuration table, and typically permits the contents to be
manipulated either via menu options or via UEFI environment
variables that specify a replacement image,
- GRUB for ARM has a 'devicetree' directive which allows a device
tree image to be loaded from any location accessible to GRUB, and
supersede the one provided by the firmware,
- the EFI stub implements a dtb= command line option that allows a
device tree image to be loaded from a file residing in the same
file system as the one the kernel image was loaded from.
The dtb= command line option was never intended to be more than a
development feature, to allow the other options to be implemented
in parallel. So let's make it an opt-in feature that is disabled
by default, but can be re-enabled at will.
Note that we already disable the dtb= command line option when we
detect that we are running with UEFI Secure Boot enabled.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Acked-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180711094040.12506-7-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Commit:
79832f0b5f ("efi/libstub/tpm: Initialize pointer variables to zero for mixed mode")
fixes a problem with the tpm code on mixed mode (64-bit kernel on 32-bit UEFI),
where 64-bit pointer variables are not fully initialized by the 32-bit EFI code.
A similar problem applies to the efi_physical_addr_t variables which
are written by the ->get_event_log() EFI call. Even though efi_physical_addr_t
is 64-bit everywhere, it seems that some 32-bit UEFI implementations only
fill in the lower 32 bits when passed a pointer to an efi_physical_addr_t
to fill.
This commit initializes these to 0 to, to ensure the upper 32 bits are
0 in mixed mode. This fixes recent kernels sometimes hanging during
early boot on mixed mode UEFI systems.
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.16+
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180622064222.11633-2-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
- decode x86 CPER data (Yazen Ghannam)
- ignore unrealistically large option ROMs (Hans de Goede)
- initialize UEFI secure boot state during Xen dom0 boot (Daniel Kiper)
- additional minor tweaks and fixes.
* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
efi/capsule-loader: Don't output reset log when reset flags are not set
efi/x86: Ignore unrealistically large option ROMs
efi/x86: Fold __setup_efi_pci32() and __setup_efi_pci64() into one function
efi: Align efi_pci_io_protocol typedefs to type naming convention
efi/libstub/tpm: Make function efi_retrieve_tpm2_eventlog_1_2() static
efi: Decode IA32/X64 Context Info structure
efi: Decode IA32/X64 MS Check structure
efi: Decode additional IA32/X64 Bus Check fields
efi: Decode IA32/X64 Cache, TLB, and Bus Check structures
efi: Decode UEFI-defined IA32/X64 Error Structure GUIDs
efi: Decode IA32/X64 Processor Error Info Structure
efi: Decode IA32/X64 Processor Error Section
efi: Fix IA32/X64 Processor Error Record definition
efi/cper: Remove the INDENT_SP silliness
x86/xen/efi: Initialize UEFI secure boot state during dom0 boot
When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_TEXT_OFFSET=y, TEXT_OFFSET is an arbitrary
multiple of PAGE_SIZE in the interval [0, 2MB).
The EFI stub does not account for the potential misalignment of
TEXT_OFFSET relative to EFI_KIMG_ALIGN, and produces a randomized
physical offset which is always a round multiple of EFI_KIMG_ALIGN.
This may result in statically allocated objects whose alignment exceeds
PAGE_SIZE to appear misaligned in memory. This has been observed to
result in spurious stack overflow reports and failure to make use of
the IRQ stacks, and theoretically could result in a number of other
issues.
We can OR in the low bits of TEXT_OFFSET to ensure that we have the
necessary offset (and hence preserve the misalignment of TEXT_OFFSET
relative to EFI_KIMG_ALIGN), so let's do that.
Reported-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@arm.com>
Tested-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@arm.com>
[ardb: clarify comment and commit log, drop unneeded parens]
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 6f26b36711 ("arm64: kaslr: increase randomization granularity")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180518140841.9731-2-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Fixes the following sparse warning:
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/tpm.c:62:6: warning:
symbol 'efi_retrieve_tpm2_eventlog_1_2' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180504060003.19618-12-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Initialize UEFI secure boot state during dom0 boot. Otherwise the kernel
may not even know that it runs on secure boot enabled platform.
Note that part of drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/secureboot.c is duplicated
by this patch, only in this case, it runs in the context of the kernel
proper rather than UEFI boot context. The reason for the duplication is
that maintaining the original code to run correctly on ARM/arm64 as well
as on all the quirky x86 firmware we support is enough of a burden as it
is, and adding the x86/Xen execution context to that mix just so we can
reuse a single routine just isn't worth it.
[ardb: explain rationale for code duplication]
Signed-off-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180504060003.19618-2-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main EFI changes in this cycle were:
- Fix the apple-properties code (Andy Shevchenko)
- Add WARN() on arm64 if UEFI Runtime Services corrupt the reserved
x18 register (Ard Biesheuvel)
- Use efi_switch_mm() on x86 instead of manipulating %cr3 directly
(Sai Praneeth)
- Fix early memremap leak in ESRT code (Ard Biesheuvel)
- Switch to L"xxx" notation for wide string literals (Ard Biesheuvel)
- ... plus misc other cleanups and bugfixes"
* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/efi: Use efi_switch_mm() rather than manually twiddling with %cr3
x86/efi: Replace efi_pgd with efi_mm.pgd
efi: Use string literals for efi_char16_t variable initializers
efi/esrt: Fix handling of early ESRT table mapping
efi: Use efi_mm in x86 as well as ARM
efi: Make const array 'apple' static
efi/apple-properties: Use memremap() instead of ioremap()
efi: Reorder pr_notice() with add_device_randomness() call
x86/efi: Replace GFP_ATOMIC with GFP_KERNEL in efi_query_variable_store()
efi/arm64: Check whether x18 is preserved by runtime services calls
efi/arm*: Stop printing addresses of virtual mappings
efi/apple-properties: Remove redundant attribute initialization from unmarshal_key_value_pairs()
efi/arm*: Only register page tables when they exist
As reported by Jeremy Cline, running the new TPM libstub code in mixed
mode (i.e., 64-bit kernel on 32-bit UEFI) results in hangs when invoking
the TCG2 protocol, or when accessing the log_tbl pool allocation.
The reason turns out to be that in both cases, the 64-bit pointer
variables are not fully initialized by the 32-bit EFI code, and so
we should take care to zero initialize these variables beforehand,
or we'll end up dereferencing bogus pointers.
Reported-by: Jeremy Cline <jeremy@jcline.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: hdegoede@redhat.com
Cc: jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com
Cc: javierm@redhat.com
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Cc: tweek@google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313140922.17266-2-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Now that we unambiguously build the entire kernel with -fshort-wchar,
it is no longer necessary to open code efi_char16_t[] initializers as
arrays of characters, and we can move to the L"xxx" notation instead.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180312084500.10764-6-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
With TPM 2.0 specification, the event logs may only be accessible by
calling an EFI Boot Service. Modify the EFI stub to copy the log area to
a new Linux-specific EFI configuration table so it remains accessible
once booted.
When calling this service, it is possible to specify the expected format
of the logs: TPM 1.2 (SHA1) or TPM 2.0 ("Crypto Agile"). For now, only the
first format is retrieved.
Signed-off-by: Thiebaud Weksteen <tweek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
Pull ARM fixes from Russell King:
- omit EFI memory map sorting, which was recently introduced, but
caused problems with the decompressor due to additional sections
being emitted.
- avoid unaligned load fault-generating instructions in the
decompressor by switching to a private unaligned implementation.
- add a symbol into the decompressor to further debug non-boot
situations (ld's documentation is extremely poor for how "." works,
ld doesn't seem to follow its own documentation!)
- parse endian information to sparse
* 'fixes' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm:
ARM: add debug ".edata_real" symbol
ARM: 8716/1: pass endianness info to sparse
efi/libstub: arm: omit sorting of the UEFI memory map
ARM: 8715/1: add a private asm/unaligned.h
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'spdx_identifiers-4.14-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull initial SPDX identifiers from Greg KH:
"License cleanup: add SPDX license identifiers to some files
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the
'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally
binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate
text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart
and Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset
of the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to
license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied
to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of
the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver)
producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.
Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review
of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537
files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the
scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license
identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any
determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with
the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained
>5 lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that
was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that
became the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected
a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply
(and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases,
confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.
The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in
part, so they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot
checks in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect
the correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial
patch version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch
license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the
applied SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>"
* tag 'spdx_identifiers-4.14-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
License cleanup: add SPDX license identifier to uapi header files with a license
License cleanup: add SPDX license identifier to uapi header files with no license
License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
ARM shares its EFI stub implementation with arm64, which has some
special handling in the virtual remapping code to
a) make sure that we can map everything even if the OS executes
with 64k page size, and
b) make sure that adjacent regions with the same attributes are not
reordered or moved apart in memory.
The latter is a workaround for a 'feature' that was shortly recommended
by UEFI spec v2.5, but deprecated shortly after, due to the fact that
it broke many OS installers, including non-Linux ones, and it was never
widely implemented for ARM systems. Before implementing b), the arm64
code simply rounded up all regions to 64 KB granularity, but given that
that results in moving adjacent regions apart, it had to be refined when
b) was implemented.
The adjacency check requires a sort() pass, due to the fact that the
UEFI spec does not mandate any ordering, and the inclusion of the
lib/sort.c code into the ARM EFI stub is causing some trouble with
the decompressor build due to the fact that its EXPORT_SYMBOL() call
triggers the creation of ksymtab/kcrctab sections.
So let's simply do away with the adjacency check for ARM, and simply put
all UEFI runtime regions together if they have the same memory attributes.
This is guaranteed to work, given that ARM only supports 4 KB pages,
and allows us to remove the sort() call entirely.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Tested-by: Jeffy Chen <jeffy.chen@rock-chips.com>
Tested-by: Gregory CLEMENT <gregory.clement@free-electrons.com>
Tested-by: Matthias Brugger <matthias.bgg@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Commit:
e69176d68d ("ef/libstub/arm/arm64: Randomize the base of the UEFI rt services region")
implemented randomization of the virtual mapping that the OS chooses for
the UEFI runtime services. This was motivated by the fact that UEFI usually
does not bother to specify any permission restrictions for those regions,
making them prime real estate for exploitation now that the OS is getting
more and more careful not to leave any R+W+X mapped regions lying around.
However, this randomization breaks assumptions in the resume from
hibernation code, which expects all memory regions populated by UEFI to
remain in the same place, including their virtual mapping into the OS
memory space. While this assumption may not be entirely reasonable in the
first place, breaking it deliberately does not make a lot of sense either.
So let's refrain from this randomization pass if CONFIG_HIBERNATION=y.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171025100448.26056-3-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this cycle were:
- Transparently fall back to other poweroff method(s) if EFI poweroff
fails (and returns)
- Use separate PE/COFF section headers for the RX and RW parts of the
ARM stub loader so that the firmware can use strict mapping
permissions
- Add support for requesting the firmware to wipe RAM at warm reboot
- Increase the size of the random seed obtained from UEFI so CRNG
fast init can complete earlier
- Update the EFI framebuffer address if it points to a BAR that gets
moved by the PCI resource allocation code
- Enable "reset attack mitigation" of TPM environments: this is
enabled if the kernel is configured with
CONFIG_RESET_ATTACK_MITIGATION=y.
- Clang related fixes
- Misc cleanups, constification, refactoring, etc"
* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
efi/bgrt: Use efi_mem_type()
efi: Move efi_mem_type() to common code
efi/reboot: Make function pointer orig_pm_power_off static
efi/random: Increase size of firmware supplied randomness
efi/libstub: Enable reset attack mitigation
firmware/efi/esrt: Constify attribute_group structures
firmware/efi: Constify attribute_group structures
firmware/dcdbas: Constify attribute_group structures
arm/efi: Split zImage code and data into separate PE/COFF sections
arm/efi: Replace open coded constants with symbolic ones
arm/efi: Remove pointless dummy .reloc section
arm/efi: Remove forbidden values from the PE/COFF header
drivers/fbdev/efifb: Allow BAR to be moved instead of claiming it
efi/reboot: Fall back to original power-off method if EFI_RESET_SHUTDOWN returns
efi/arm/arm64: Add missing assignment of efi.config_table
efi/libstub/arm64: Set -fpie when building the EFI stub
efi/libstub/arm64: Force 'hidden' visibility for section markers
efi/libstub/arm64: Use hidden attribute for struct screen_info reference
efi/arm: Don't mark ACPI reclaim memory as MEMBLOCK_NOMAP
- VMAP_STACK support, allowing the kernel stacks to be allocated in
the vmalloc space with a guard page for trapping stack overflows. One
of the patches introduces THREAD_ALIGN and changes the generic
alloc_thread_stack_node() to use this instead of THREAD_SIZE (no
functional change for other architectures)
- Contiguous PTE hugetlb support re-enabled (after being reverted a
couple of times). We now have the semantics agreed in the generic mm
layer together with API improvements so that the architecture code can
detect between contiguous and non-contiguous huge PTEs
- Initial support for persistent memory on ARM: DC CVAP instruction
exposed to user space (HWCAP) and the in-kernel pmem API implemented
- raid6 improvements for arm64: faster algorithm for the delta syndrome
and implementation of the recovery routines using Neon
- FP/SIMD refactoring and removal of support for Neon in interrupt
context. This is in preparation for full SVE support
- PTE accessors converted from inline asm to cmpxchg so that we can
use LSE atomics if available (ARMv8.1)
- Perf support for Cortex-A35 and A73
- Non-urgent fixes and cleanups
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas:
- VMAP_STACK support, allowing the kernel stacks to be allocated in the
vmalloc space with a guard page for trapping stack overflows. One of
the patches introduces THREAD_ALIGN and changes the generic
alloc_thread_stack_node() to use this instead of THREAD_SIZE (no
functional change for other architectures)
- Contiguous PTE hugetlb support re-enabled (after being reverted a
couple of times). We now have the semantics agreed in the generic mm
layer together with API improvements so that the architecture code
can detect between contiguous and non-contiguous huge PTEs
- Initial support for persistent memory on ARM: DC CVAP instruction
exposed to user space (HWCAP) and the in-kernel pmem API implemented
- raid6 improvements for arm64: faster algorithm for the delta syndrome
and implementation of the recovery routines using Neon
- FP/SIMD refactoring and removal of support for Neon in interrupt
context. This is in preparation for full SVE support
- PTE accessors converted from inline asm to cmpxchg so that we can use
LSE atomics if available (ARMv8.1)
- Perf support for Cortex-A35 and A73
- Non-urgent fixes and cleanups
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (75 commits)
arm64: cleanup {COMPAT_,}SET_PERSONALITY() macro
arm64: introduce separated bits for mm_context_t flags
arm64: hugetlb: Cleanup setup_hugepagesz
arm64: Re-enable support for contiguous hugepages
arm64: hugetlb: Override set_huge_swap_pte_at() to support contiguous hugepages
arm64: hugetlb: Override huge_pte_clear() to support contiguous hugepages
arm64: hugetlb: Handle swap entries in huge_pte_offset() for contiguous hugepages
arm64: hugetlb: Add break-before-make logic for contiguous entries
arm64: hugetlb: Spring clean huge pte accessors
arm64: hugetlb: Introduce pte_pgprot helper
arm64: hugetlb: set_huge_pte_at Add WARN_ON on !pte_present
arm64: kexec: have own crash_smp_send_stop() for crash dump for nonpanic cores
arm64: dma-mapping: Mark atomic_pool as __ro_after_init
arm64: dma-mapping: Do not pass data to gen_pool_set_algo()
arm64: Remove the !CONFIG_ARM64_HW_AFDBM alternative code paths
arm64: Ignore hardware dirty bit updates in ptep_set_wrprotect()
arm64: Move PTE_RDONLY bit handling out of set_pte_at()
kvm: arm64: Convert kvm_set_s2pte_readonly() from inline asm to cmpxchg()
arm64: Convert pte handling from inline asm to using (cmp)xchg
arm64: neon/efi: Make EFI fpsimd save/restore variables static
...
