In a typical oom analysis scenario, we frequently want to know whether the
killed process has a memory leak or not at the first step. This patch
adds vsz and rss information to the oom log to help this analysis. To
save time for the debugging.
example:
===================================================================
rsyslogd invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x201da, order=0, oom_adj=0
Pid: 1308, comm: rsyslogd Not tainted 2.6.32-rc6 #24
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff8132e35b>] ?_spin_unlock+0x2b/0x40
[<ffffffff810f186e>] oom_kill_process+0xbe/0x2b0
(snip)
492283 pages non-shared
Out of memory: kill process 2341 (memhog) score 527276 or a child
Killed process 2341 (memhog) vsz:1054552kB, anon-rss:970588kB, file-rss:4kB
===========================================================================
^
|
here
[rientjes@google.com: fix race, add pid & comm to message]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Process based injection is much easier to handle for test programs,
who can first bring a page into a specific state and then test.
So add a new MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE to soft offline a page, similar
to the existing hard offline injector.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
This is a simpler, gentler variant of memory_failure() for soft page
offlining controlled from user space. It doesn't kill anything, just
tries to invalidate and if that doesn't work migrate the
page away.
This is useful for predictive failure analysis, where a page has
a high rate of corrected errors, but hasn't gone bad yet. Instead
it can be offlined early and avoided.
The offlining is controlled from sysfs, including a new generic
entry point for hard page offlining for symmetry too.
We use the page isolate facility to prevent re-allocation
race. Normally this is only used by memory hotplug. To avoid
races with memory allocation I am using lock_system_sleep().
This avoids the situation where memory hotplug is about
to isolate a page range and then hwpoison undoes that work.
This is a big hammer currently, but the simplest solution
currently.
When the page is not free or LRU we try to free pages
from slab and other caches. The slab freeing is currently
quite dumb and does not try to focus on the specific slab
cache which might own the page. This could be potentially
improved later.
Thanks to Fengguang Wu and Haicheng Li for some fixes.
[Added fix from Andrew Morton to adapt to new migrate_pages prototype]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
shake_page handles more types of page caches than
the much simpler lru_add_drain_all:
- slab (quite inefficiently for now)
- any other caches with a shrinker callback
- per cpu page allocator pages
- per CPU LRU
Use this call to try to turn pages into free or LRU pages.
Then handle the case of the page becoming free after drain everything.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
The previous version didn't take the mmap_sem before calling gup(),
which is racy.
Use get_user_pages_fast() instead which doesn't need any locks.
This is also faster of course, but then it doesn't really matter
because this is just a testing path.
Based on report from Nick Piggin.
Cc: npiggin@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
In some use cases, user doesn't need extra filtering. E.g. user program
can inject errors through madvise syscall to its own pages, however it
might not know what the page state exactly is or which inode the page
belongs to.
So introduce an one-off interface "corrupt-filter-enable".
Echo 0 to switch off page filters, and echo 1 to switch on the filters.
[AK: changed default to 0]
Signed-off-by: Haicheng Li <haicheng.li@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
The hwpoison test suite need to inject hwpoison to a collection of
selected task pages, and must not touch pages not owned by them and
thus kill important system processes such as init. (But it's OK to
mis-hwpoison free/unowned pages as well as shared clean pages.
Mis-hwpoison of shared dirty pages will kill all tasks, so the test
suite will target all or non of such tasks in the first place.)
The memory cgroup serves this purpose well. We can put the target
processes under the control of a memory cgroup, and tell the hwpoison
injection code to only kill pages associated with some active memory
cgroup.
The prerequisite for doing hwpoison stress tests with mem_cgroup is,
the mem_cgroup code tracks task pages _accurately_ (unless page is
locked). Which we believe is/should be true.
The benefits are simplification of hwpoison injector code. Also the
mem_cgroup code will automatically be tested by hwpoison test cases.
The alternative interfaces pin-pfn/unpin-pfn can also delegate the
(process and page flags) filtering functions reliably to user space.
However prototype implementation shows that this scheme adds more
complexity than we wanted.
Example test case:
mkdir /cgroup/hwpoison
usemem -m 100 -s 1000 &
echo `jobs -p` > /cgroup/hwpoison/tasks
memcg_ino=$(ls -id /cgroup/hwpoison | cut -f1 -d' ')
echo $memcg_ino > /debug/hwpoison/corrupt-filter-memcg
page-types -p `pidof init` --hwpoison # shall do nothing
page-types -p `pidof usemem` --hwpoison # poison its pages
[AK: Fix documentation]
[Add fix for problem noticed by Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>;
dentry in the css could be NULL]
CC: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
CC: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
CC: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
CC: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
So that the hwpoison injector can get mem_cgroup for arbitrary page
and thus know whether it is owned by some mem_cgroup task(s).
[AK: Merged with latest git tree]
CC: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
CC: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
CC: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
When specified, only poison pages if ((page_flags & mask) == value).
- corrupt-filter-flags-mask
- corrupt-filter-flags-value
This allows stress testing of many kinds of pages.
Strictly speaking, the buddy pages requires taking zone lock, to avoid
setting PG_hwpoison on a "was buddy but now allocated to someone" page.
However we can just do nothing because we set PG_locked in the beginning,
this prevents the page allocator from allocating it to someone. (It will
BUG() on the unexpected PG_locked, which is fine for hwpoison testing.)
[AK: Add select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR to satisfy dependency]
CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
__memory_failure()'s workflow is
set PG_hwpoison
//...
unset PG_hwpoison if didn't pass hwpoison filter
That could kill unrelated process if it happens to page fault on the
page with the (temporary) PG_hwpoison. The race should be big enough to
appear in stress tests.
Fix it by grabbing the page and checking filter at inject time. This
also avoids the very noisy "Injecting memory failure..." messages.
- we don't touch madvise() based injection, because the filters are
generally not necessary for it.
- if we want to apply the filters to h/w aided injection, we'd better to
rearrange the logic in __memory_failure() instead of this patch.
AK: fix documentation, use drain all, cleanups
CC: Haicheng Li <haicheng.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Filesystem data/metadata present the most tricky-to-isolate pages.
It requires careful code review and stress testing to get them right.
The fs/device filter helps to target the stress tests to some specific
filesystem pages. The filter condition is block device's major/minor
numbers:
- corrupt-filter-dev-major
- corrupt-filter-dev-minor
When specified (non -1), only page cache pages that belong to that
device will be poisoned.
The filters are checked reliably on the locked and refcounted page.
Haicheng: clear PG_hwpoison and drop bad page count if filter not OK
AK: Add documentation
CC: Haicheng Li <haicheng.li@intel.com>
CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Return 0 to indicate success, when
- action result is RECOVERED or DELAYED
- no extra page reference
Note that dirty swapcache pages are kept in swapcache, so can have one
more reference count.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Change semantics for
- IGNORED: not handled; it may well be _unsafe_
- DELAYED: to be handled later; it is _safe_
With this change,
- IGNORED/FAILED mean (maybe) Error
- DELAYED/RECOVERED mean Success
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
The unpoisoning interface is useful for stress testing tools to
reclaim poisoned pages (to prevent OOM)
There is no hardware level unpoisioning, so this
cannot be used for real memory errors, only for software injected errors.
Note that it may leak pages silently - those who have been removed from
LRU cache, but not isolated from page cache/swap cache at hwpoison time.
Especially the stress test of dirty swap cache pages shall reboot system
before exhausting memory.
AK: Fix comments, add documentation, add printks, rename symbol
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Most free pages in the buddy system have no PG_buddy set.
Introduce is_free_buddy_page() for detecting them reliably.
CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
CC: Mel Gorman <mel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
The buddy page has already be handled in the very beginning.
So remove redundant code.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Introduce delete_from_lru_cache() to
- clear PG_active, PG_unevictable to avoid complains at unpoison time
- move the isolate_lru_page() call back to the handlers instead of the
entrance of __memory_failure(), this is more hwpoison filter friendly
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Don't try to isolate a still mapped page. Otherwise we will hit the
BUG_ON(page_mapped(page)) in __remove_from_page_cache().
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Now that "ref" is just a boolean turn it into
a flags argument. First step is only a single flag
that makes the code's intention more clear, but more
may follow.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
If page is double referenced in madvise_hwpoison() and __memory_failure(),
remove_mapping() will fail because it expects page_count=2. Fix it by
not grabbing extra page count in __memory_failure().
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Use a different errno than the usual EIO for invalid page numbers.
This is mainly for better reporting for the injector.
This also avoids calling action_result() with invalid pfn.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
(PG_swapbacked && !PG_lru) pages should not happen.
Better to treat them as unknown pages.
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
shake_page handles more types of page caches than lru_drain_all()
- per cpu page allocator pages
- per CPU LRU
Stops early when the page became free.
Used in followon patches.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
The NOMMU code currently clears all anonymous mmapped memory. While this
is what we want in the default case, all memory allocation from userspace
under NOMMU has to go through this interface, including malloc() which is
allowed to return uninitialized memory. This can easily be a significant
performance penalty. So for constrained embedded systems were security is
irrelevant, allow people to avoid clearing memory unnecessarily.
This also alters the ELF-FDPIC binfmt such that it obtains uninitialised
memory for the brk and stack region.
Signed-off-by: Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Robin Getz <rgetz@blackfin.uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Most callers of pmd_none_or_clear_bad() check whether the target page is
in a hugepage or not, but walk_page_range() do not check it. So if we
read /proc/pid/pagemap for the hugepage on x86 machine, the hugepage
memory is leaked as shown below. This patch fixes it.
Details
=======
My test program (leak_pagemap) works as follows:
- creat() and mmap() a file on hugetlbfs (file size is 200MB == 100 hugepages,)
- read()/write() something on it,
- call page-types with option -p (walk around the page tables),
- munmap() and unlink() the file on hugetlbfs
Without my patches
------------------
$ cat /proc/meminfo |grep "HugePage"
HugePages_Total: 1000
HugePages_Free: 1000
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
$ ./leak_pagemap
[snip output]
$ cat /proc/meminfo |grep "HugePage"
HugePages_Total: 1000
HugePages_Free: 900
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
$ ls /hugetlbfs/
$
100 hugepages are accounted as used while there is no file on hugetlbfs.
With my patches
---------------
$ cat /proc/meminfo |grep "HugePage"
HugePages_Total: 1000
HugePages_Free: 1000
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
$ ./leak_pagemap
[snip output]
$ cat /proc/meminfo |grep "HugePage"
HugePages_Total: 1000
HugePages_Free: 1000
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
$ ls /hugetlbfs
$
No memory leaks.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Most callers of pmd_none_or_clear_bad() check whether the target page is
in a hugepage or not, but mincore() and walk_page_range() do not check it.
So if we use mincore() on a hugepage on x86 machine, the hugepage memory
is leaked as shown below. This patch fixes it by extending mincore()
system call to support hugepages.
Details
=======
My test program (leak_mincore) works as follows:
- creat() and mmap() a file on hugetlbfs (file size is 200MB == 100 hugepages,)
- read()/write() something on it,
- call mincore() for first ten pages and printf() the values of *vec
- munmap() and unlink() the file on hugetlbfs
Without my patch
----------------
$ cat /proc/meminfo| grep "HugePage"
HugePages_Total: 1000
HugePages_Free: 1000
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
$ ./leak_mincore
vec[0] 0
vec[1] 0
vec[2] 0
vec[3] 0
vec[4] 0
vec[5] 0
vec[6] 0
vec[7] 0
vec[8] 0
vec[9] 0
$ cat /proc/meminfo |grep "HugePage"
HugePages_Total: 1000
HugePages_Free: 999
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
$ ls /hugetlbfs/
$
Return values in *vec from mincore() are set to 0, while the hugepage
should be in memory, and 1 hugepage is still accounted as used while
there is no file on hugetlbfs.
With my patch
-------------
$ cat /proc/meminfo| grep "HugePage"
HugePages_Total: 1000
HugePages_Free: 1000
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
$ ./leak_mincore
vec[0] 1
vec[1] 1
vec[2] 1
vec[3] 1
vec[4] 1
vec[5] 1
vec[6] 1
vec[7] 1
vec[8] 1
vec[9] 1
$ cat /proc/meminfo |grep "HugePage"
HugePages_Total: 1000
HugePages_Free: 1000
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
$ ls /hugetlbfs/
$
Return value in *vec set to 1 and no memory leaks.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a user asks for a hugepage pool resize but specified a large number,
the machine can begin trashing. In response, they might hit ctrl-c but
signals are ignored and the pool resize continues until it fails an
allocation. This can take a considerable amount of time so this patch
aborts a pool resize if a signal is pending.
Suggested by Dave Hansen.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
unevictable_migrate_page() in mm/internal.h is a relic of the since
removed UNEVICTABLE_LRU Kconfig option. This patch removes the function
and open codes the test in migrate_page_copy().
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the owner of a mapping fails COW because a child process is holding a
reference, the children VMAs are walked and the page is unmapped. The
i_mmap_lock is taken for the unmapping of the page but not the walking of
the prio_tree. In theory, that tree could be changing if the lock is not
held. This patch takes the i_mmap_lock properly for the duration of the
prio_tree walk.
[hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk: Spotted the problem in the first place]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Modify the generic mmap() code to keep the cache attribute in
vma->vm_page_prot regardless if writenotify is enabled or not. Without
this patch the cache configuration selected by f_op->mmap() is overwritten
if writenotify is enabled, making it impossible to keep the vma uncached.
Needed by drivers such as drivers/video/sh_mobile_lcdcfb.c which uses
deferred io together with uncached memory.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jaya Kumar <jayakumar.lkml@gmail.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In AIM7 runs, recent kernels start swapping out anonymous pages well
before they should. This is due to shrink_list falling through to
shrink_inactive_list if !inactive_anon_is_low(zone, sc), when all we
really wanted to do is pre-age some anonymous pages to give them extra
time to be referenced while on the inactive list.
The obvious fix is to make sure that shrink_list does not fall through to
scanning/reclaiming inactive pages when we called it to scan one of the
active lists.
This change should be safe because the loop in shrink_zone ensures that we
will still shrink the anon and file inactive lists whenever we should.
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: inactive_file_is_low() should be inactive_anon_is_low()]
Reported-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tomasz Chmielewski <mangoo@wpkg.org>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SWAP_MLOCK mean "We marked the page as PG_MLOCK, please move it to
unevictable-lru". So, following code is easy confusable.
if (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) {
ret = SWAP_MLOCK;
goto out_unmap;
}
Plus, if the VMA doesn't have VM_LOCKED, We don't need to check
the needed of calling mlock_vma_page().
Also, add some commentary to try_to_unmap_one().
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__free_pages_bootmem() is a __meminit function - which has been called
from put_pages_bootmem thus causes a section mismatch warning.
We were warned by the following warning:
LD mm/built-in.o
WARNING: mm/built-in.o(.text+0x26b22): Section mismatch in reference
from the function put_page_bootmem() to the function
.meminit.text:__free_pages_bootmem()
The function put_page_bootmem() references
the function __meminit __free_pages_bootmem().
This is often because put_page_bootmem lacks a __meminit
annotation or the annotation of __free_pages_bootmem is wrong.
Signed-off-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hugetlb_fault() takes the mm->page_table_lock spinlock then calls
hugetlb_cow(). If the alloc_huge_page() in hugetlb_cow() fails due to an
insufficient huge page pool it calls unmap_ref_private() with the
mm->page_table_lock held. unmap_ref_private() then calls
unmap_hugepage_range() which tries to acquire the mm->page_table_lock.
[<ffffffff810928c3>] print_circular_bug_tail+0x80/0x9f
[<ffffffff8109280b>] ? check_noncircular+0xb0/0xe8
[<ffffffff810935e0>] __lock_acquire+0x956/0xc0e
[<ffffffff81093986>] lock_acquire+0xee/0x12e
[<ffffffff8111a7a6>] ? unmap_hugepage_range+0x3e/0x84
[<ffffffff8111a7a6>] ? unmap_hugepage_range+0x3e/0x84
[<ffffffff814c348d>] _spin_lock+0x40/0x89
[<ffffffff8111a7a6>] ? unmap_hugepage_range+0x3e/0x84
[<ffffffff8111afee>] ? alloc_huge_page+0x218/0x318
[<ffffffff8111a7a6>] unmap_hugepage_range+0x3e/0x84
[<ffffffff8111b2d0>] hugetlb_cow+0x1e2/0x3f4
[<ffffffff8111b935>] ? hugetlb_fault+0x453/0x4f6
[<ffffffff8111b962>] hugetlb_fault+0x480/0x4f6
[<ffffffff8111baee>] follow_hugetlb_page+0x116/0x2d9
[<ffffffff814c31a7>] ? _spin_unlock_irq+0x3a/0x5c
[<ffffffff81107b4d>] __get_user_pages+0x2a3/0x427
[<ffffffff81107d0f>] get_user_pages+0x3e/0x54
[<ffffffff81040b8b>] get_user_pages_fast+0x170/0x1b5
[<ffffffff81160352>] dio_get_page+0x64/0x14a
[<ffffffff8116112a>] __blockdev_direct_IO+0x4b7/0xb31
[<ffffffff8115ef91>] blkdev_direct_IO+0x58/0x6e
[<ffffffff8115e0a4>] ? blkdev_get_blocks+0x0/0xb8
[<ffffffff810ed2c5>] generic_file_aio_read+0xdd/0x528
[<ffffffff81219da3>] ? avc_has_perm+0x66/0x8c
[<ffffffff81132842>] do_sync_read+0xf5/0x146
[<ffffffff8107da00>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x5a
[<ffffffff81211857>] ? security_file_permission+0x24/0x3a
[<ffffffff81132fd8>] vfs_read+0xb5/0x126
[<ffffffff81133f6b>] ? fget_light+0x5e/0xf8
[<ffffffff81133131>] sys_read+0x54/0x8c
[<ffffffff81011e42>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
This can be fixed by dropping the mm->page_table_lock around the call to
unmap_ref_private() if alloc_huge_page() fails, its dropped right below in
the normal path anyway. However, earlier in the that function, it's also
possible to call into the page allocator with the same spinlock held.
What this patch does is drop the spinlock before the page allocator is
potentially entered. The check for page allocation failure can be made
without the page_table_lock as well as the copy of the huge page. Even if
the PTE changed while the spinlock was held, the consequence is that a
huge page is copied unnecessarily. This resolves both the double taking
of the lock and sleeping with the spinlock held.
[mel@csn.ul.ie: Cover also the case where process can sleep with spinlock]
Signed-off-by: Larry Woodman <lwooman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that ksm pages are swappable, and the known holes plugged, remove
mention of unswappable kernel pages from KSM documentation and comments.
Remove the totalram_pages/4 initialization of max_kernel_pages. In fact,
remove max_kernel_pages altogether - we can reinstate it if removal turns
out to break someone's script; but if we later want to limit KSM's memory
usage, limiting the stable nodes would not be an effective approach.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The previous patch enables page migration of ksm pages, but that soon gets
into trouble: not surprising, since we're using the ksm page lock to lock
operations on its stable_node, but page migration switches the page whose
lock is to be used for that. Another layer of locking would fix it, but
do we need that yet?
Do we actually need page migration of ksm pages? Yes, memory hotremove
needs to offline sections of memory: and since we stopped allocating ksm
pages with GFP_HIGHUSER, they will tend to be GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE
candidates for migration.
But KSM is currently unconscious of NUMA issues, happily merging pages
from different NUMA nodes: at present the rule must be, not to use
MADV_MERGEABLE where you care about NUMA. So no, NUMA page migration of
ksm pages does not make sense yet.
So, to complete support for ksm swapping we need to make hotremove safe.
ksm_memory_callback() take ksm_thread_mutex when MEM_GOING_OFFLINE and
release it when MEM_OFFLINE or MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE. But if mapped pages
are freed before migration reaches them, stable_nodes may be left still
pointing to struct pages which have been removed from the system: the
stable_node needs to identify a page by pfn rather than page pointer, then
it can safely prune them when MEM_OFFLINE.
And make NUMA migration skip PageKsm pages where it skips PageReserved.
But it's only when we reach unmap_and_move() that the page lock is taken
and we can be sure that raised pagecount has prevented a PageAnon from
being upgraded: so add offlining arg to migrate_pages(), to migrate ksm
page when offlining (has sufficient locking) but reject it otherwise.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A side-effect of making ksm pages swappable is that they have to be placed
on the LRUs: which then exposes them to isolate_lru_page() and hence to
page migration.
Add rmap_walk() for remove_migration_ptes() to use: rmap_walk_anon() and
rmap_walk_file() in rmap.c, but rmap_walk_ksm() in ksm.c. Perhaps some
consolidation with existing code is possible, but don't attempt that yet
(try_to_unmap needs to handle nonlinears, but migration pte removal does
not).
rmap_walk() is sadly less general than it appears: rmap_walk_anon(), like
remove_anon_migration_ptes() which it replaces, avoids calling
page_lock_anon_vma(), because that includes a page_mapped() test which
fails when all migration ptes are in place. That was valid when NUMA page
migration was introduced (holding mmap_sem provided the missing guarantee
that anon_vma's slab had not already been destroyed), but I believe not
valid in the memory hotremove case added since.
For now do the same as before, and consider the best way to fix that
unlikely race later on. When fixed, we can probably use rmap_walk() on
hwpoisoned ksm pages too: for now, they remain among hwpoison's various
exceptions (its PageKsm test comes before the page is locked, but its
page_lock_anon_vma fails safely if an anon gets upgraded).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
But ksm swapping does require one small change in mem cgroup handling.
When do_swap_page()'s call to ksm_might_need_to_copy() does indeed
substitute a duplicate page to accommodate a different anon_vma (or a the
!PageSwapCache check in mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin().
That was returning success without charging, on the assumption that
pte_same() would fail after, which is not the case here. Originally I
proposed that success, so that an unshrinkable mem cgroup at its limit
would not fail unnecessarily; but that's a minor point, and there are
plenty of other places where we may fail an overallocation which might
later prove unnecessary. So just go ahead and do what all the other
exceptions do: proceed to charge current mm.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When ksm pages were unswappable, it made no sense to include them in mem
cgroup accounting; but now that they are swappable (although I see no
strict logical connection) the principle of least surprise implies that
they should be accounted (with the usual dissatisfaction, that a shared
page is accounted to only one of the cgroups using it).
This patch was intended to add mem cgroup accounting where necessary; but
turned inside out, it now avoids allocating a ksm page, instead upgrading
an anon page to ksm - which brings its existing mem cgroup accounting with
it. Thus mem cgroups don't appear in the patch at all.
This upgrade from PageAnon to PageKsm takes place under page lock (via a
somewhat hacky NULL kpage interface), and audit showed only one place
which needed to cope with the race - page_referenced() is sometimes used
without page lock, so page_lock_anon_vma() needs an ACCESS_ONCE() to be
sure of getting anon_vma and flags together (no problem if the page goes
ksm an instant after, the integrity of that anon_vma list is unaffected).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's a lamentable flaw in KSM swapping: the stable_node holds a
reference to the ksm page, so the page to be freed cannot actually be
freed until ksmd works its way around to removing the last rmap_item from
its stable_node. Which in some configurations may take minutes: not quite
responsive enough for memory reclaim. And we don't want to twist KSM and
its locking more tightly into the rest of mm. What a pity.
But although the stable_node needs to hold a pointer to the ksm page, does
it actually need to raise the reference count of that page?
No. It would need to do so if struct pages were ordinary kmalloc'ed
objects; but they are more stable than that, and reused in particular ways
according to particular rules.
Access to stable_node from its pointer in struct page is no problem, so
long as we never free a stable_node before the ksm page itself has been
freed. Access to struct page from its pointer in stable_node: reintroduce
get_ksm_page(), and let that peep out through its keyhole (the stable_node
pointer to ksm page), to see if that struct page still holds the right key
to open it (the ksm page mapping pointer back to this stable_node).
This relies upon the established way in which free_hot_cold_page() sets an
anon (including ksm) page->mapping to NULL; and relies upon no other user
of a struct page to put something which looks like the original
stable_node pointer (with two low bits also set) into page->mapping. It
also needs get_page_unless_zero() technique pioneered by speculative
pagecache; and uses rcu_read_lock() to keep the guarantees that gives.
There are several drivers which put pointers of their own into page->
mapping; but none of those could coincide with our stable_node pointers,
since KSM won't free a stable_node until it sees that the page has gone.
The only problem case found is the pagetable spinlock USE_SPLIT_PTLOCKS
places in struct page (my own abuse): to accommodate GENERIC_LOCKBREAK's
break_lock on 32-bit, that spans both page->private and page->mapping.
Since break_lock is only 0 or 1, again no confusion for get_ksm_page().
But what of DEBUG_SPINLOCK on 64-bit bigendian? When owner_cpu is 3
(matching PageKsm low bits), it might see 0xdead4ead00000003 in page->
mapping, which might coincide? We could get around that by... but a
better answer is to suppress USE_SPLIT_PTLOCKS when DEBUG_SPINLOCK or
DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC, to stop bloating sizeof(struct page) in their case -
already proposed in an earlier mm/Kconfig patch.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For full functionality, page_referenced_one() and try_to_unmap_one() need
to know the vma: to pass vma down to arch-dependent flushes, or to observe
VM_LOCKED or VM_EXEC. But KSM keeps no record of vma: nor can it, since
vmas get split and merged without its knowledge.
Instead, note page's anon_vma in its rmap_item when adding to stable tree:
all the vmas which might map that page are listed by its anon_vma.
page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm() then traverse the anon_vma,
first to find the probable vma, that which matches rmap_item's mm; but if
that is not enough to locate all instances, traverse again to try the
others. This catches those occasions when fork has duplicated a pte of a
ksm page, but ksmd has not yet come around to assign it an rmap_item.
But each rmap_item in the stable tree which refers to an anon_vma needs to
take a reference to it. Andrea's anon_vma design cleverly avoided a
reference count (an anon_vma was free when its list of vmas was empty),
but KSM now needs to add that. Is a 32-bit count sufficient? I believe
so - the anon_vma is only free when both count is 0 and list is empty.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Initial implementation for swapping out KSM's shared pages: add
page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm(), which rmap.c calls when
faced with a PageKsm page.
Most of what's needed can be got from the rmap_items listed from the
stable_node of the ksm page, without discovering the actual vma: so in
this patch just fake up a struct vma for page_referenced_one() or
try_to_unmap_one(), then refine that in the next patch.
Add VM_NONLINEAR to ksm_madvise()'s list of exclusions: it has always been
implicit there (being only set with VM_SHARED, already excluded), but
let's make it explicit, to help justify the lack of nonlinear unmap.
Rely on the page lock to protect against concurrent modifications to that
page's node of the stable tree.
The awkward part is not swapout but swapin: do_swap_page() and
page_add_anon_rmap() now have to allow for new possibilities - perhaps a
ksm page still in swapcache, perhaps a swapcache page associated with one
location in one anon_vma now needed for another location or anon_vma.
(And the vma might even be no longer VM_MERGEABLE when that happens.)
ksm_might_need_to_copy() checks for that case, and supplies a duplicate
page when necessary, simply leaving it to a subsequent pass of ksmd to
rediscover the identity and merge them back into one ksm page.
Disappointingly primitive: but the alternative would have to accumulate
unswappable info about the swapped out ksm pages, limiting swappability.
Remove page_add_ksm_rmap(): page_add_anon_rmap() now has to allow for the
particular case it was handling, so just use it instead.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When KSM merges an mlocked page, it has been forgetting to munlock it:
that's been left to free_page_mlock(), which reports it in /proc/vmstat as
unevictable_pgs_mlockfreed instead of unevictable_pgs_munlocked (and
whinges "Page flag mlocked set for process" in mmotm, whereas mainline is
silently forgiving). Call munlock_vma_page() to fix that.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a pointer to the ksm page into struct stable_node, holding a reference
to the page while the node exists. Put a pointer to the stable_node into
the ksm page's ->mapping.
Then we don't need get_ksm_page() while traversing the stable tree: the
page to compare against is sure to be present and correct, even if it's no
longer visible through any of its existing rmap_items.
And we can handle the forked ksm page case more efficiently: no need to
memcmp our way through the tree to find its match.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Though we still do well to keep rmap_items in the unstable tree without a
separate tree_item at the node, for several reasons it becomes awkward to
keep rmap_items in the stable tree without a separate stable_node: lack of
space in the nicely-sized rmap_item, the need for an anchor as rmap_items
are removed, the need for a node even when temporarily no rmap_items are
attached to it.
So declare struct stable_node (rb_node to place it in the tree and
hlist_head for the rmap_items hanging off it), and convert stable tree
handling to use it: without yet taking advantage of it. Note how one
stable_tree_insert() of a node now has _two_ stable_tree_append()s of the
two rmap_items being merged.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Free up a pointer in struct rmap_item, by making the mm_slot's rmap_list a
singly-linked list: we always traverse that list sequentially, and we
don't even lose any prefetches (but should consider adding a few later).
Name it rmap_list throughout.
Do we need to free up that pointer? Not immediately, and in the end, we
could continue to avoid it with a union; but having done the conversion,
let's keep it this way, since there's no downside, and maybe we'll want
more in future (struct rmap_item is a cache-friendly 32 bytes on 32-bit
and 64 bytes on 64-bit, so we shall want to avoid expanding it).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cleanup: make argument names more consistent from cmp_and_merge_page()
down to replace_page(), so that it's easier to follow the rmap_item's page
and the matching tree_page and the merged kpage through that code.
In some places, e.g. break_cow(), pass rmap_item instead of separate mm
and address.
cmp_and_merge_page() initialize tree_page to NULL, to avoid a "may be used
uninitialized" warning seen in one config by Anil SB.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no need for replace_page() to calculate a write-protected prot
vm_page_prot must already be write-protected for an anonymous page (see
mm/memory.c do_anonymous_page() for similar reliance on vm_page_prot).
There is no need for try_to_merge_one_page() to get_page and put_page on
newpage and oldpage: in every case we already hold a reference to each of
them.
But some instinct makes me move try_to_merge_one_page()'s unlock_page of
oldpage down after replace_page(): that doesn't increase contention on the
ksm page, and makes thinking about the transition easier.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1. remove_rmap_item_from_tree() is called as a precaution from
various places: don't dirty the rmap_item cacheline unnecessarily,
just mask the flags out of the address when they have been set.
2. First get_next_rmap_item() removes an unstable rmap_item from its tree,
then shortly afterwards cmp_and_merge_page() removes a stable rmap_item
from its tree: it's easier just to do both at once (but definitely keep
the BUG_ON(age > 1) which guards against a future omission).
3. When cmp_and_merge_page() moves an rmap_item from unstable to stable
tree, it does its own rb_erase() and accounting: that's better
expressed by remove_rmap_item_from_tree().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, All caller of reclaim use swap_cluster_max as SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX.
Then, we can remove it perfectly.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In old days, we didn't have sc.nr_to_reclaim and it brought
sc.swap_cluster_max misuse.
huge sc.swap_cluster_max might makes unnecessary OOM risk and no
performance benefit.
Now, we can stop its insane thing.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
shrink_all_zone() was introduced by commit d6277db4ab (swsusp: rework
memory shrinker) for hibernate performance improvement. and
sc.swap_cluster_max was introduced by commit a06fe4d307 (Speed freeing
memory for suspend).
commit a06fe4d307 said
Without the patch:
Freed 14600 pages in 1749 jiffies = 32.61 MB/s (Anomolous!)
Freed 88563 pages in 14719 jiffies = 23.50 MB/s
Freed 205734 pages in 32389 jiffies = 24.81 MB/s
With the patch:
Freed 68252 pages in 496 jiffies = 537.52 MB/s
Freed 116464 pages in 569 jiffies = 798.54 MB/s
Freed 209699 pages in 705 jiffies = 1161.89 MB/s
At that time, their patch was pretty worth. However, Modern Hardware
trend and recent VM improvement broke its worth. From several reason, I
think we should remove shrink_all_zones() at all.
detail:
1) Old days, shrink_zone()'s slowness was mainly caused by stupid io-throttle
at no i/o congestion.
but current shrink_zone() is sane, not slow.
2) shrink_all_zone() try to shrink all pages at a time. but it doesn't works
fine on numa system.
example)
System has 4GB memory and each node have 2GB. and hibernate need 1GB.
optimal)
steal 500MB from each node.
shrink_all_zones)
steal 1GB from node-0.
Oh, Cache balancing logic was broken. ;)
Unfortunately, Desktop system moved ahead NUMA at nowadays.
(Side note, if hibernate require 2GB, shrink_all_zones() never success
on above machine)
3) if the node has several I/O flighting pages, shrink_all_zones() makes
pretty bad result.
schenario) hibernate need 1GB
1) shrink_all_zones() try to reclaim 1GB from Node-0
2) but it only reclaimed 990MB
3) stupidly, shrink_all_zones() try to reclaim 1GB from Node-1
4) it reclaimed 990MB
Oh, well. it reclaimed twice much than required.
In the other hand, current shrink_zone() has sane baling out logic.
then, it doesn't make overkill reclaim. then, we lost shrink_zones()'s risk.
4) SplitLRU VM always keep active/inactive ratio very carefully. inactive list only
shrinking break its assumption. it makes unnecessary OOM risk. it obviously suboptimal.
Now, shrink_all_memory() is only the wrapper function of do_try_to_free_pages().
it bring good reviewability and debuggability, and solve above problems.
side note: Reclaim logic unificication makes two good side effect.
- Fix recursive reclaim bug on shrink_all_memory().
it did forgot to use PF_MEMALLOC. it mean the system be able to stuck into deadlock.
- Now, shrink_all_memory() got lockdep awareness. it bring good debuggability.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, sc.scap_cluster_max has double meanings.
1) reclaim batch size as isolate_lru_pages()'s argument
2) reclaim baling out thresolds
The two meanings pretty unrelated. Thus, Let's separate it.
this patch doesn't change any behavior.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When do_nonlinear_fault() realizes that the page table must have been
corrupted for it to have been called, it does print_bad_pte() and returns
... VM_FAULT_OOM, which is hard to understand.
It made some sense when I did it for 2.6.15, when do_page_fault() just
killed the current process; but nowadays it lets the OOM killer decide who
to kill - so page table corruption in one process would be liable to kill
another.
Change it to return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS instead: that doesn't guarantee that
the process will be killed, but is good enough for such a rare
abnormality, accompanied as it is by the "BUG: Bad page map" message.
And recent HWPOISON work has copied that code into do_swap_page(), when it
finds an impossible swap entry: fix that to VM_FAULT_SIGBUS too.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK adds 12 or 16 bytes to a 32- or 64-bit spinlock_t,
and CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC adds another 12 or 24 bytes to it: lockdep
enables both of those, and CONFIG_LOCK_STAT adds 8 or 16 bytes to that.
When 2.6.15 placed the split page table lock inside struct page (usually
sized 32 or 56 bytes), only CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK was a possibility, and
we ignored the enlargement (but fitted in CONFIG_GENERIC_LOCKBREAK's 4 by
letting the spinlock_t occupy both page->private and page->mapping).
Should these debugging options be allowed to double the size of a struct
page, when only one minority use of the page (as a page table) needs to
fit a spinlock in there? Perhaps not.
Take the easy way out: switch off SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS when DEBUG_SPINLOCK or
DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is in force. I've sometimes tried to be cleverer,
kmallocing a cacheline for the spinlock when it doesn't fit, but given up
each time. Falling back to mm->page_table_lock (as we do when ptlock is
not split) lets lockdep check out the strictest path anyway.
And now that some arches allow 8192 cpus, use 999999 for infinity.
(What has this got to do with KSM swapping? It doesn't care about the
size of struct page, but may care about random junk in page->mapping - to
be explained separately later.)
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
KSM swapping will know where page_referenced_one() and try_to_unmap_one()
should look. It could hack page->index to get them to do what it wants,
but it seems cleaner now to pass the address down to them.
Make the same change to page_mkclean_one(), since it follows the same
pattern; but there's no real need in its case.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove three degrees of obfuscation, left over from when we had
CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU. MLOCK_PAGES is CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCKED_PAGE_BIT is
CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCK is CONFIG_MMU. rmap.o (and memory-failure.o) are only
built when CONFIG_MMU, so don't need such conditions at all.
Somehow, I feel no compulsion to remove the CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCK* lines from
169 defconfigs: leave those to evolve in due course.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's contorted mlock/munlock handling in try_to_unmap_anon() and
try_to_unmap_file(), which we'd prefer not to repeat for KSM swapping.
Simplify it by moving it all down into try_to_unmap_one().
One thing is then lost, try_to_munlock()'s distinction between when no vma
holds the page mlocked, and when a vma does mlock it, but we could not get
mmap_sem to set the page flag. But its only caller takes no interest in
that distinction (and is better testing SWAP_MLOCK anyway), so let's keep
the code simple and return SWAP_AGAIN for both cases.
try_to_unmap_file()'s TTU_MUNLOCK nonlinear handling was particularly
amusing: once unravelled, it turns out to have been choosing between two
different ways of doing the same nothing. Ah, no, one way was actually
returning SWAP_FAIL when it meant to return SWAP_SUCCESS.
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: comment adding to mlocking in try_to_unmap_one]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove test of MLOCK_PAGES]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
At present we define PageAnon(page) by the low PAGE_MAPPING_ANON bit set
in page->mapping, with the higher bits a pointer to the anon_vma; and have
defined PageKsm(page) as that with NULL anon_vma.
But KSM swapping will need to store a pointer there: so in preparation for
that, now define PAGE_MAPPING_FLAGS as the low two bits, including
PAGE_MAPPING_KSM (always set along with PAGE_MAPPING_ANON, until some
other use for the bit emerges).
Declare page_rmapping(page) to return the pointer part of page->mapping,
and page_anon_vma(page) to return the anon_vma pointer when that's what it
is. Use these in a few appropriate places: notably, unuse_vma() has been
testing page->mapping, but is better to be testing page_anon_vma() (cases
may be added in which flag bits are set without any pointer).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If reclaim fails to make sufficient progress, the priority is raised.
Once the priority is higher, kswapd starts waiting on congestion.
However, if the zone is below the min watermark then kswapd needs to
continue working without delay as there is a danger of an increased rate
of GFP_ATOMIC allocation failure.
This patch changes the conditions under which kswapd waits on congestion
by only going to sleep if the min watermarks are being met.
[mel@csn.ul.ie: add stats to track how relevant the logic is]
[mel@csn.ul.ie: make kswapd only check its own zones and rename the relevant counters]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After kswapd balances all zones in a pgdat, it goes to sleep. In the
event of no IO congestion, kswapd can go to sleep very shortly after the
high watermark was reached. If there are a constant stream of allocations
from parallel processes, it can mean that kswapd went to sleep too quickly
and the high watermark is not being maintained for sufficient length time.
This patch makes kswapd go to sleep as a two-stage process. It first
tries to sleep for HZ/10. If it is woken up by another process or the
high watermark is no longer met, it's considered a premature sleep and
kswapd continues work. Otherwise it goes fully to sleep.
This adds more counters to distinguish between fast and slow breaches of
watermarks. A "fast" premature sleep is one where the low watermark was
hit in a very short time after kswapd going to sleep. A "slow" premature
sleep indicates that the high watermark was breached after a very short
interval.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Frans Pop <elendil@planet.nl>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the code jumps to the `out', `referenced' is still zero. So there is
no need to check it.
Signed-off-by: Huang Shijie <shijie8@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Just simplify the code when `mlocked' is true.
Signed-off-by: Huang Shijie <shijie8@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix the comment for try_to_unmap_anon() with the new arguments.
Signed-off-by: Huang Shijie <shijie8@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 543ade1fc9 ("Streamline generic_file_* interfaces and filemap
cleanups") removed generic_file_write() in filemap. Change the comment in
vmscan pageout() to __generic_file_aio_write().
Signed-off-by: Vincent Li <macli@brc.ubc.ca>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Seems that page_io.c doesn't really need to know that page_private(page)
is the swp_entry 'val'. Rework map_swap_page() to do what its name says
and map a page to a page offset in the swap space.
The only other caller of map_swap_page() is internal to mm/swapfile.c and
it does want to map a swap entry to the 'sector'. So rename
map_swap_page() to map_swap_entry(), make it 'static' and and implement
map_swap_page() as a wrapper around that.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While we're fiddling with the swap_map values, let's assign a particular
value to shmem/tmpfs swap pages: their swap counts are never incremented,
and it helps swapoff's try_to_unuse() a little if it can immediately
distinguish those pages from process pages.
Since we've no use for SWAP_MAP_BAD | COUNT_CONTINUED,
we might as well use that 0xbf value for SWAP_MAP_SHMEM.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same
swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in
place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry).
swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference
counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since
the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag)
We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff:
at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances,
assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong.
Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented,
and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count:
possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max
has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT.
This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows,
a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed
map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry
and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced:
the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to
a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or
decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Halve the vmalloc'ed swap_map array from unsigned shorts to unsigned
chars: it's still very unusual to reach a swap count of 126, and the
next patch allows it to be extended indefinitely.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Though swap_count() is useful, I'm finding that swap_has_cache() and
encode_swapmap() obscure what happens in the swap_map entry, just at
those points where I need to understand it. Remove them, and pass
more usable "usage" values to scan_swap_map(), swap_entry_free() and
__swap_duplicate(), instead of the SWAP_MAP and SWAP_CACHE enum.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move CONFIG_HIBERNATION's swapdev_block() into the main CONFIG_HIBERNATION
block, remove extraneous whitespace and return, fix typo in a comment.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make better use of the space by folding first swap_extent into its
swap_info_struct, instead of just the list_head: swap partitions need
only that one, and for others it's used as a circular list anyway.
[jirislaby@gmail.com: fix crash on double swapon]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The swap_info_struct is only 76 or 104 bytes, but it does seem wrong
to reserve an array of about 30 of them in bss, when most people will
want only one. Change swap_info[] to an array of pointers.
That does need a "type" field in the structure: pack it as a char with
next type and short prio (aha, char is unsigned by default on PowerPC).
Use the (admittedly peculiar) name "type" throughout for this index.
/proc/swaps does not take swap_lock: I wouldn't want it to, but do take
care with barriers when adding a new item to the array (never removed).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The swap_info_struct is mostly private to mm/swapfile.c, with only
one other in-tree user: get_swap_bio(). Adjust its interface to
map_swap_page(), so that we can then remove get_swap_info_struct().
But there is a popular user out-of-tree, TuxOnIce: so leave the
declaration of swap_info_struct in linux/swap.h.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Nigel Cunningham <ncunningham@crca.org.au>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- avoid wasting more precious resources (DMA or DMA32 pools), when
being called through vmalloc_32{,_user}()
- explicitly allow using high memory here even if the outer allocation
request doesn't allow it
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Objects passed to NODEMASK_ALLOC() are relatively small in size and are
backed by slab caches that are not of large order, traditionally never
greater than PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER.
Thus, using GFP_KERNEL for these allocations on large machines when
CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT > 8 will cause the page allocator to loop endlessly in
the allocation attempt, each time invoking both direct reclaim or the oom
killer.
This is of particular interest when using NODEMASK_ALLOC() from a
mempolicy context (either directly in mm/mempolicy.c or the mempolicy
constrained hugetlb allocations) since the oom killer always kills current
when allocations are constrained by mempolicies. So for all present use
cases in the kernel, current would end up being oom killed when direct
reclaim fails. That would allow the NODEMASK_ALLOC() to succeed but
current would have sacrificed itself upon returning.
This patch adds gfp flags to NODEMASK_ALLOC() to pass to kmalloc() on
CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT > 8; this parameter is a nop on other configurations.
All current use cases either directly from hugetlb code or indirectly via
NODEMASK_SCRATCH() union __GFP_NORETRY to avoid direct reclaim and the oom
killer when the slab allocator needs to allocate additional pages.
The side-effect of this change is that all current use cases of either
NODEMASK_ALLOC() or NODEMASK_SCRATCH() need appropriate -ENOMEM handling
when the allocation fails (never for CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT <= 8). All
current use cases were audited and do have appropriate error handling at
this time.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric Whitney <eric.whitney@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When memory is hot-removed, its node must be cleared in N_HIGH_MEMORY if
there are no present pages left.
In such a situation, kswapd must also be stopped since it has nothing left
to do.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric Whitney <eric.whitney@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Register per node hstate sysfs attributes only for nodes with memory.
Global replacement of 'all online nodes" with "all nodes with memory" in
mm/hugetlb.c. Suggested by David Rientjes.
A subsequent patch will handle adding/removing of per node hstate sysfs
attributes when nodes transition to/from memoryless state via memory
hotplug.
NOTE: this patch has not been tested with memoryless nodes.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric Whitney <eric.whitney@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch derives a "nodes_allowed" node mask from the numa mempolicy of
the task modifying the number of persistent huge pages to control the
allocation, freeing and adjusting of surplus huge pages when the pool page
count is modified via the new sysctl or sysfs attribute
"nr_hugepages_mempolicy". The nodes_allowed mask is derived as follows:
* For "default" [NULL] task mempolicy, a NULL nodemask_t pointer
is produced. This will cause the hugetlb subsystem to use
node_online_map as the "nodes_allowed". This preserves the
behavior before this patch.
* For "preferred" mempolicy, including explicit local allocation,
a nodemask with the single preferred node will be produced.
"local" policy will NOT track any internode migrations of the
task adjusting nr_hugepages.
* For "bind" and "interleave" policy, the mempolicy's nodemask
will be used.
* Other than to inform the construction of the nodes_allowed node
mask, the actual mempolicy mode is ignored. That is, all modes
behave like interleave over the resulting nodes_allowed mask
with no "fallback".
See the updated documentation [next patch] for more information
about the implications of this patch.
Examples:
Starting with:
Node 0 HugePages_Total: 0
Node 1 HugePages_Total: 0
Node 2 HugePages_Total: 0
Node 3 HugePages_Total: 0
Default behavior [with or without this patch] balances persistent
hugepage allocation across nodes [with sufficient contiguous memory]:
sysctl vm.nr_hugepages[_mempolicy]=32
yields:
Node 0 HugePages_Total: 8
Node 1 HugePages_Total: 8
Node 2 HugePages_Total: 8
Node 3 HugePages_Total: 8
Of course, we only have nr_hugepages_mempolicy with the patch,
but with default mempolicy, nr_hugepages_mempolicy behaves the
same as nr_hugepages.
Applying mempolicy--e.g., with numactl [using '-m' a.k.a.
'--membind' because it allows multiple nodes to be specified
and it's easy to type]--we can allocate huge pages on
individual nodes or sets of nodes. So, starting from the
condition above, with 8 huge pages per node, add 8 more to
node 2 using:
numactl -m 2 sysctl vm.nr_hugepages_mempolicy=40
This yields:
Node 0 HugePages_Total: 8
Node 1 HugePages_Total: 8
Node 2 HugePages_Total: 16
Node 3 HugePages_Total: 8
The incremental 8 huge pages were restricted to node 2 by the
specified mempolicy.
Similarly, we can use mempolicy to free persistent huge pages
from specified nodes:
numactl -m 0,1 sysctl vm.nr_hugepages_mempolicy=32
yields:
Node 0 HugePages_Total: 4
Node 1 HugePages_Total: 4
Node 2 HugePages_Total: 16
Node 3 HugePages_Total: 8
The 8 huge pages freed were balanced over nodes 0 and 1.
[rientjes@google.com: accomodate reworked NODEMASK_ALLOC]
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric Whitney <eric.whitney@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In preparation for constraining huge page allocation and freeing by the
controlling task's numa mempolicy, add a "nodes_allowed" nodemask pointer
to the allocate, free and surplus adjustment functions. For now, pass
NULL to indicate default behavior--i.e., use node_online_map. A
subsqeuent patch will derive a non-default mask from the controlling
task's numa mempolicy.
Note that this method of updating the global hstate nr_hugepages under the
constraint of a nodemask simplifies keeping the global state
consistent--especially the number of persistent and surplus pages relative
to reservations and overcommit limits. There are undoubtedly other ways
to do this, but this works for both interfaces: mempolicy and per node
attributes.
[rientjes@google.com: fix HIGHMEM compile error]
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric Whitney <eric.whitney@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Modify the hstate_next_node* functions to allow them to be called to
obtain the "start_nid". Then, whereas prior to this patch we
unconditionally called hstate_next_node_to_{alloc|free}(), whether or not
we successfully allocated/freed a huge page on the node, now we only call
these functions on failure to alloc/free to advance to next allowed node.
Factor out the next_node_allowed() function to handle wrap at end of
node_online_map. In this version, the allowed nodes include all of the
online nodes.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Adam Litke <agl@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric Whitney <eric.whitney@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Christoph pointed out inc_zone_page_state(NR_ISOLATED) should be placed
in right after isolate_page().
This patch does it.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On ia64, the following test program exit abnormally, because glibc thread
library called abort().
========================================================
(gdb) bt
#0 0xa000000000010620 in __kernel_syscall_via_break ()
#1 0x20000000003208e0 in raise () from /lib/libc.so.6.1
#2 0x2000000000324090 in abort () from /lib/libc.so.6.1
#3 0x200000000027c3e0 in __deallocate_stack () from /lib/libpthread.so.0
#4 0x200000000027f7c0 in start_thread () from /lib/libpthread.so.0
#5 0x200000000047ef60 in __clone2 () from /lib/libc.so.6.1
========================================================
The fact is, glibc call munmap() when thread exitng time for freeing
stack, and it assume munlock() never fail. However, munmap() often make
vma splitting and it with many mapcount make -ENOMEM.
Oh well, that's crazy, because stack unmapping never increase mapcount.
The maxcount exceeding is only temporary. internal temporary exceeding
shouldn't make ENOMEM.
This patch does it.
test_max_mapcount.c
==================================================================
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#define THREAD_NUM 30000
#define MAL_SIZE (8*1024*1024)
void *wait_thread(void *args)
{
void *addr;
addr = malloc(MAL_SIZE);
sleep(10);
return NULL;
}
void *wait_thread2(void *args)
{
sleep(60);
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
pthread_t thread[THREAD_NUM], th;
int ret, count = 0;
pthread_attr_t attr;
ret = pthread_attr_init(&attr);
if(ret) {
perror("pthread_attr_init");
}
ret = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
if(ret) {
perror("pthread_attr_setdetachstate");
}
for (i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i++) {
ret = pthread_create(&th, &attr, wait_thread, NULL);
if(ret) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%d] ", count);
perror("pthread_create");
} else {
printf("[%d] create OK.\n", count);
}
count++;
ret = pthread_create(&thread[i], &attr, wait_thread2, NULL);
if(ret) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%d] ", count);
perror("pthread_create");
} else {
printf("[%d] create OK.\n", count);
}
count++;
}
sleep(3600);
return 0;
}
==================================================================
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The oom killer header, including information such as the allocation order
and gfp mask, current's cpuset and memory controller, call trace, and VM
state information is currently only shown when the oom killer has selected
a task to kill.
This information is omitted, however, when the oom killer panics either
because of panic_on_oom sysctl settings or when no killable task was
found. It is still relevant to know crucial pieces of information such as
the allocation order and VM state when diagnosing such issues, especially
at boot.
This patch displays the oom killer header whenever it panics so that bug
reports can include pertinent information to debug the issue, if possible.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, mce: Clean up thermal init by introducing intel_thermal_supported()
x86, mce: Thermal monitoring depends on APIC being enabled
x86: Gart: fix breakage due to IOMMU initialization cleanup
x86: Move swiotlb initialization before dma32_free_bootmem
x86: Fix build warning in arch/x86/mm/mmio-mod.c
x86: Remove usedac in feature-removal-schedule.txt
x86: Fix duplicated UV BAU interrupt vector
nvram: Fix write beyond end condition; prove to gcc copy is safe
mm: Adjust do_pages_stat() so gcc can see copy_from_user() is safe
x86: Limit the number of processor bootup messages
x86: Remove enabling x2apic message for every CPU
doc: Add documentation for bootloader_{type,version}
x86, msr: Add support for non-contiguous cpumasks
x86: Use find_e820() instead of hard coded trampoline address
x86, AMD: Fix stale cpuid4_info shared_map data in shared_cpu_map cpumasks
Trivial percpu-naming-introduced conflicts in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c
