Change d_hash so it may be called from lock-free RCU lookups. See similar
patch for d_compare for details.
For in-tree filesystems, this is just a mechanical change.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
eCryptfs was passing the LOOKUP_OPEN flag through to the lower file
system, even though ecryptfs_create() doesn't support the flag. A valid
filp for the lower filesystem could be returned in the nameidata if the
lower file system's create() function supported LOOKUP_OPEN, possibly
resulting in unencrypted writes to the lower file.
However, this is only a potential problem in filesystems (FUSE, NFS,
CIFS, CEPH, 9p) that eCryptfs isn't known to support today.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ecryptfs/+bug/641703
Reported-by: Kevin Buhr
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Ecryptfs is a stackable filesystem which relies on lower filesystems the
ability of setting/getting extended attributes.
If there is a security module enabled on the system it updates the
'security' field of inodes according to the owned extended attribute set
with the function vfs_setxattr(). When this function is performed on a
ecryptfs filesystem the 'security' field is not updated for the lower
filesystem since the call security_inode_post_setxattr() is missing for
the lower inode.
Further, the call security_inode_setxattr() is missing for the lower inode,
leading to policy violations in the security module because specific
checks for this hook are not performed (i. e. filesystem
'associate' permission on SELinux is not checked for the lower filesystem).
This patch replaces the call of the setxattr() method of the lower inode
in the function ecryptfs_setxattr() with vfs_setxattr().
Signed-off-by: Roberto Sassu <roberto.sassu@polito.it>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Cc: Dustin Kirkland <kirkland@canonical.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fixes a regression caused by 21edad3220
When file name encryption was enabled, ecryptfs_lookup() failed to use
the encrypted and encoded version of the upper, plaintext, file name
when performing a lookup in the lower file system. This made it
impossible to lookup existing encrypted file names and any newly created
files would have plaintext file names in the lower file system.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ecryptfs/+bug/623087
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ecryptfs/ecryptfs-2.6:
ecryptfs: dont call lookup_one_len to avoid NULL nameidata
fs/ecryptfs/file.c: introduce missing free
ecryptfs: release reference to lower mount if interpose fails
eCryptfs: Handle ioctl calls with unlocked and compat functions
ecryptfs: Fix warning in ecryptfs_process_response()
Make sure we check the truncate constraints early on in ->setattr by adding
those checks to inode_change_ok. Also clean up and document inode_change_ok
to make this obvious.
As a fallout we don't have to call inode_newsize_ok from simple_setsize and
simplify it down to a truncate_setsize which doesn't return an error. This
simplifies a lot of setattr implementations and means we use truncate_setsize
almost everywhere. Get rid of fat_setsize now that it's trivial and mark
ext2_setsize static to make the calling convention obvious.
Keep the inode_newsize_ok in vmtruncate for now as all callers need an
audit for its removal anyway.
Note: setattr code in ecryptfs doesn't call inode_change_ok at all and
needs a deeper audit, but that is left for later.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
I have encountered the same problem that Eric Sandeen described in
this post
http://lkml.org/lkml/fancy/2010/4/23/467
while experimenting with stackable filesystems.
The reason seems to be that ecryptfs calls lookup_one_len() to get the
lower dentry, which in turn calls the lower parent dirs d_revalidate()
with a NULL nameidata object.
If ecryptfs is the underlaying filesystem, the NULL pointer dereference
occurs, since ecryptfs is not prepared to handle a NULL nameidata.
I know that this cant happen any more, since it is no longer allowed to
mount ecryptfs upon itself.
But maybe this patch it useful nevertheless, since the problem would still
apply for an underlaying filesystem that implements d_revalidate() and is
not prepared to handle a NULL nameidata (I dont know if there actually
is such a fs).
With this patch (against 2.6.35-rc5) ecryptfs uses the vfs_lookup_path()
function instead of lookup_one_len() which ensures that the nameidata
passed to the lower filesystems d_revalidate().
Signed-off-by: Lino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In ecryptfs_lookup_and_interpose_lower() the lower mount is not decremented
if allocation of a dentry info struct failed. As a result the lower filesystem
cant be unmounted any more (since it is considered busy). This patch corrects
the reference counting.
Signed-off-by: Lino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Lots of filesystems calls vmtruncate despite not implementing the old
->truncate method. Switch them to use simple_setsize and add some
comments about the truncate code where it seems fitting.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ecryptfs/ecryptfs-2.6:
eCryptfs: Turn lower lookup error messages into debug messages
eCryptfs: Copy lower directory inode times and size on link
ecryptfs: fix use with tmpfs by removing d_drop from ecryptfs_destroy_inode
ecryptfs: fix error code for missing xattrs in lower fs
eCryptfs: Decrypt symlink target for stat size
eCryptfs: Strip metadata in xattr flag in encrypted view
eCryptfs: Clear buffer before reading in metadata xattr
eCryptfs: Rename ecryptfs_crypt_stat.num_header_bytes_at_front
eCryptfs: Fix metadata in xattr feature regression
Vaugue warnings about ENAMETOOLONG errors when looking up an encrypted
file name have caused many users to become concerned about their data.
Since this is a rather harmless condition, I'm moving this warning to
only be printed when the ecryptfs_verbosity module param is 1.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The timestamps and size of a lower inode involved in a link() call was
being copied to the upper parent inode. Instead, we should be
copying lower parent inode's timestamps and size to the upper parent
inode. I discovered this bug using the POSIX test suite at Tuxera.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If the lower file system driver has extended attributes disabled,
ecryptfs' own access functions return -ENOSYS instead of -EOPNOTSUPP.
This breaks execution of programs in the ecryptfs mount, since the
kernel expects the latter error when checking for security
capabilities in xattrs.
Signed-off-by: Christian Pulvermacher <pulvermacher@gmx.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Create a getattr handler for eCryptfs symlinks that is capable of
reading the lower target and decrypting its path. Prior to this patch,
a stat's st_size field would represent the strlen of the encrypted path,
while readlink() would return the strlen of the decrypted path. This
could lead to confusion in some userspace applications, since the two
values should be equal.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/524919
Reported-by: Loïc Minier <loic.minier@canonical.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
We initially read in the first PAGE_CACHE_SIZE of a file to if the
eCryptfs header marker can be found. If it isn't found and
ecryptfs_xattr_metadata was given as a mount option, then the
user.ecryptfs xattr is read into the same buffer. Since the data from
the first page of the file wasn't cleared, it is possible that we think
we've found a second tag 3 or tag 1 packet and then error out after the
packet contents aren't as expected. This patch clears the buffer before
filling it with metadata from the user.ecryptfs xattr.
Reviewed-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This patch renames the num_header_bytes_at_front variable to
metadata_size since it now contains the max size of the metadata.
Reviewed-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fixes regression in 8faece5f90
When using the ecryptfs_xattr_metadata mount option, eCryptfs stores the
metadata (normally stored at the front of the file) in the user.ecryptfs
xattr. This causes ecryptfs_crypt_stat.num_header_bytes_at_front to be
0, since there is no header data at the front of the file. This results
in too much memory being requested and ENOMEM being returned from
ecryptfs_write_metadata().
This patch fixes the problem by using the num_header_bytes_at_front
variable for specifying the max size of the metadata, despite whether it
is stored in the header or xattr.
Reviewed-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
ecryptfs_interpose checks if one of the flags passed is
ECRYPTFS_INTERPOSE_FLAG_D_ADD, defined as 0x00000001 in ecryptfs_kernel.h.
But the only user of ecryptfs_interpose to pass a non-zero flag to it, has
hard-coded the value as "1". This could spell trouble if any of these values
changes in the future.
Signed-off-by: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
Cc: Dustin Kirkland <kirkland@canonical.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Unnecessary because it would unhash perfectly valid dentries, causing them
to have to be re-looked up the next time they're needed, which presumably is
right after.
Signed-off-by: Aseem Rastogi <arastogi@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Shrikar archak <shrikar84@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
Cc: Saumitra Bhanage <sbhanage@cs.sunysb.edu>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The i_blocks field of an eCryptfs inode cannot be trusted, but
generic_fillattr() uses it to instantiate the blocks field of a stat()
syscall when a filesystem doesn't implement its own getattr(). Users
have noticed that the output of du is incorrect on newly created files.
This patch creates ecryptfs_getattr() which calls into the lower
filesystem's getattr() so that eCryptfs can use its kstat.blocks value
after calling generic_fillattr(). It is important to note that the
block count includes the eCryptfs metadata stored in the beginning of
the lower file plus any padding used to fill an extent before
encryption.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ecryptfs/+bug/390833
Reported-by: Dominic Sacré <dominic.sacre@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
When truncating inodes in the lower filesystem, eCryptfs directly
invoked vmtruncate(). As Christoph Hellwig pointed out, vmtruncate() is
a filesystem helper function, but filesystems may need to do more than
just a call to vmtruncate().
This patch moves the lower inode truncation out of ecryptfs_truncate()
and renames the function to truncate_upper(). truncate_upper() updates
an iattr for the lower inode to indicate if the lower inode needs to be
truncated upon return. ecryptfs_setattr() then calls notify_change(),
using the updated iattr for the lower inode, to complete the truncation.
For eCryptfs functions needing to truncate, ecryptfs_truncate() is
reintroduced as a simple way to truncate the upper inode to a specified
size and then truncate the lower inode accordingly.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/451368
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Dustin Kirkland <kirkland@canonical.com>
Cc: ecryptfs-devel@lists.launchpad.net
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If ->follow_link handler return the error, it should decrement
nd->path refcnt. But, ecryptfs_follow_link() doesn't decrement.
This patch fix it by using usual nd_set_link() style error handling,
instead of playing with nd->path.
Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
This get_nlinks parameter was never used by the only mainline user,
ecryptfs; and it has never been used by unionfs or wrapfs either.
Acked-by: Dustin Kirkland <kirkland@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
When calling vfs_unlink() on the lower dentry, d_delete() turns the
dentry into a negative dentry when the d_count is 1. This eventually
caused a NULL pointer deref when a read() or write() was done and the
negative dentry's d_inode was dereferenced in
ecryptfs_read_update_atime() or ecryptfs_getxattr().
Placing mutt's tmpdir in an eCryptfs mount is what initially triggered
the oops and I was able to reproduce it with the following sequence:
open("/tmp/upper/foo", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600) = 3
link("/tmp/upper/foo", "/tmp/upper/bar") = 0
unlink("/tmp/upper/foo") = 0
open("/tmp/upper/bar", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600) = 4
unlink("/tmp/upper/bar") = 0
write(4, "eCryptfs test\n"..., 14 <unfinished ...>
+++ killed by SIGKILL +++
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ecryptfs/+bug/387073
Reported-by: Loïc Minier <loic.minier@canonical.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: ecryptfs-devel@lists.launchpad.net
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This warning shows up on 64 bit builds:
fs/ecryptfs/inode.c:693: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
fs/ecryptfs/inode.c:670: warning: format '%d' expects type 'int', but argument 3 has type 'size_t'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dustin Kirkland <kirkland@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When using filename encryption with eCryptfs, the value of the symlink
in the lower filesystem is encrypted and stored as a Tag 70 packet.
This results in a longer symlink target than if the target value wasn't
encrypted.
Users were reporting these messages in their syslog:
[ 45.653441] ecryptfs_parse_tag_70_packet: max_packet_size is [56]; real
packet size is [51]
[ 45.653444] ecryptfs_decode_and_decrypt_filename: Could not parse tag
70 packet from filename; copying through filename as-is
This was due to bufsiz, one the arguments in readlink(), being used to
when allocating the buffer passed to the lower inode's readlink().
That symlink target may be very large, but when decoded and decrypted,
could end up being smaller than bufsize.
To fix this, the buffer passed to the lower inode's readlink() will
always be PATH_MAX in size when filename encryption is enabled. Any
necessary truncation occurs after the decoding and decrypting.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This patch locks the lower directory inode's i_mutex before calling
lookup_one_len() to find the appropriate dentry in the lower filesystem.
This bug was found thanks to the warning set in commit 2f9092e1.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
ecryptfs_passthrough is a mount option that allows eCryptfs to allow
data to be written to non-eCryptfs files in the lower filesystem. The
passthrough option was causing data corruption due to it not always
being treated as a non-eCryptfs file.
The first 8 bytes of an eCryptfs file contains the decrypted file size.
This value was being written to the non-eCryptfs files, too. Also,
extra 0x00 characters were being written to make the file size a
multiple of PAGE_CACHE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If ecryptfs_encrypted_view or ecryptfs_xattr_metadata were being
specified as mount options, a NULL pointer dereference of crypt_stat
was possible during lookup.
This patch moves the crypt_stat assignment into
ecryptfs_lookup_and_interpose_lower(), ensuring that crypt_stat
will not be NULL before we attempt to dereference it.
Thanks to Dan Carpenter and his static analysis tool, smatch, for
finding this bug.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dustin Kirkland <kirkland@canonical.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Arguments lower_dentry and ecryptfs_dentry in ecryptfs_create_underlying_file()
have been merged into dentry, now fix it.
Signed-off-by: Qinghuang Feng <qhfeng.kernel@gmail.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Correct several format string data type specifiers. Correct filename size
data types; they should be size_t rather than int when passed as
parameters to some other functions (although note that the filenames will
never be larger than int).
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dustin Kirkland <dustin.kirkland@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Cc: Tyler Hicks <tchicks@us.ibm.com>
Cc: David Kleikamp <shaggy@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make the requisite modifications to ecryptfs_filldir(), ecryptfs_lookup(),
and ecryptfs_readlink() to call out to filename encryption functions.
Propagate filename encryption policy flags from mount-wide crypt_stat to
inode crypt_stat.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dustin Kirkland <dustin.kirkland@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Cc: Tyler Hicks <tchicks@us.ibm.com>
Cc: David Kleikamp <shaggy@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We used to have rather schizophrenic set of checks for NULL ->i_op even
though it had been eliminated years ago. You'd need to go out of your
way to set it to NULL explicitly _and_ a bunch of code would die on
such inodes anyway. After killing two remaining places that still
did that bogosity, all that crap can go away.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
The result from readlink is being used to index into the link name
buffer without checking whether it is a valid length. If readlink
returns an error this will fault or cause memory corruption.
Cc: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dustin Kirkland <kirkland@canonical.com>
Cc: ecryptfs-devel@lists.launchpad.net
Signed-off-by: Duane Griffin <duaneg@dghda.com>
Acked-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Remove the unused mode parameter from vfs_symlink and callers.
Thanks to Tetsuo Handa for noticing.
CC: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
* kill nameidata * argument; map the 3 bits in ->flags anybody cares
about to new MAY_... ones and pass with the mask.
* kill redundant gfs2_iop_permission()
* sanitize ecryptfs_permission()
* fix remaining places where ->permission() instances might barf on new
MAY_... found in mask.
The obvious next target in that direction is permission(9)
folded fix for nfs_permission() breakage from Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
There is no good reason to immediately open the lower file, and that can
cause problems with files that the user does not intend to immediately
open, such as device nodes.
This patch removes the persistent file open from the interpose step and
pushes that to the locations where eCryptfs really does need the lower
persistent file, such as just before reading or writing the metadata
stored in the lower file header.
Two functions are jumping to out_dput when they should just be jumping to
out on error paths. This patch also fixes these.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When creating device nodes, eCryptfs needs to delay actually opening the lower
persistent file until an application tries to open. Device handles may not be
backed by anything when they first come into existence.
[Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu}
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
dget(dentry->d_parent) --> dget_parent(dentry)
unlock_parent() is racy and unnecessary. Replace single caller with
unlock_dir().
There are several other suspect uses of ->d_parent in ecryptfs...
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some drivers have duplicated unlikely() macros. IS_ERR() already has
unlikely() in itself.
This patch cleans up such pointless code.
Signed-off-by: Hirofumi Nakagawa <hnakagawa@miraclelinux.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <aia21@cantab.net>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Callers of notify_change() need to hold i_mutex.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__FUNCTION__ is gcc-specific, use __func__
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is the central patch of a cleanup series. In most cases there is no good
reason why someone would want to use a dentry for itself. This series reflects
that fact and embeds a struct path into nameidata.
Together with the other patches of this series
- it enforced the correct order of getting/releasing the reference count on
<dentry,vfsmount> pairs
- it prepares the VFS for stacking support since it is essential to have a
struct path in every place where the stack can be traversed
- it reduces the overall code size:
without patch series:
text data bss dec hex filename
5321639 858418 715768 6895825 6938d1 vmlinux
with patch series:
text data bss dec hex filename
5320026 858418 715768 6894212 693284 vmlinux
This patch:
Switch from nd->{dentry,mnt} to nd->path.{dentry,mnt} everywhere.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix cifs]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix smack]
Signed-off-by: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The printk statements that result when the user does not have the
proper key available could use some refining.
Signed-off-by: Mike Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove internal references to header extents; just keep track of header bytes
instead. Headers can easily span multiple pages with the recent persistent
file changes.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- make the following needlessly global code static:
- crypto.c:ecryptfs_lower_offset_for_extent()
- crypto.c:key_tfm_list
- crypto.c:key_tfm_list_mutex
- inode.c:ecryptfs_getxattr()
- main.c:ecryptfs_init_persistent_file()
- remove the no longer used mmap.c:ecryptfs_lower_page_cache
- #if 0 the unused read_write.c:ecryptfs_read()
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch corrects some erroneous dentry handling in eCryptfs.
If there is a problem creating the lower file, then there is nothing that
the persistent lower file can do to really help us. This patch makes a
vfs_create() failure in the lower filesystem always lead to an
unconditional do_create failure in eCryptfs.
Under certain sequences of operations, the eCryptfs dentry can remain in
the dcache after an unlink. This patch calls d_drop() on the eCryptfs
dentry to correct this.
eCryptfs has no business calling d_delete() directly on a lower
filesystem's dentry. This patch removes the call to d_delete() on the
lower persistent file's dentry in ecryptfs_destroy_inode().
(Thanks to David Kleikamp, Eric Sandeen, and Jeff Moyer for helping
identify and resolve this issue)
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make sure ecryptfs doesn't trip the BUG() in notify_change. This also allows
the lower filesystem to interpret ATTR_KILL_S*ID in its own way.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
Cc: "Vladimir V. Saveliev" <vs@namesys.com>
Cc: Josef 'Jeff' Sipek <jsipek@cs.sunysb.edu>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rather than open a new lower file for every eCryptfs file that is opened,
truncated, or setattr'd, instead use the existing lower persistent file for
the eCryptfs inode. Change truncate to use read_write.c functions. Change
ecryptfs_getxattr() to use the common ecryptfs_getxattr_lower() function.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Update the metadata read/write functions and grow_file() to use the
read_write.c routines. Do not open another lower file; use the persistent
lower file instead. Provide a separate function for
crypto.c::ecryptfs_read_xattr_region() to get to the lower xattr without
having to go through the eCryptfs getxattr.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch sets up and destroys the persistent lower file for each eCryptfs
inode.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace page encryption and decryption routines and inode size write routine
with versions that utilize the read_write.c functions.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no point to keeping a separate header_extent_size and an extent_size.
The total size of the header can always be represented as some multiple of
the regular data extent size.
[randy.dunlap@oracle.com: ecryptfs: fix printk format warning]
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When ecryptfs_lookup() is called against special files, eCryptfs generates
the following errors because it tries to treat them like regular eCryptfs
files.
Error opening lower file for lower_dentry [0xffff810233a6f150], lower_mnt [0xffff810235bb4c80], and flags [0x8000]
Error opening lower_file to read header region
Error attempting to read the [user.ecryptfs] xattr from the lower file; return value = [-95]
Valid metadata not found in header region or xattr region; treating file as unencrypted
For instance, the problem can be reproduced by the steps below.
# mkdir /root/crypt /mnt/crypt
# mount -t ecryptfs /root/crypt /mnt/crypt
# mknod /mnt/crypt/c0 c 0 0
# umount /mnt/crypt
# mount -t ecryptfs /root/crypt /mnt/crypt
# ls -l /mnt/crypt
This patch fixes it by adding a check similar to directories and
symlinks.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Acked-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When ecryptfs_lookup() is called against special files, eCryptfs generates
the following errors because it tries to treat them like regular eCryptfs
files.
Error opening lower file for lower_dentry [0xffff810233a6f150], lower_mnt [0xffff810235bb4c80], and flags
[0x8000]
Error opening lower_file to read header region
Error attempting to read the [user.ecryptfs] xattr from the lower file; return value = [-95]
Valid metadata not found in header region or xattr region; treating file as unencrypted
For instance, the problem can be reproduced by the steps below.
# mkdir /root/crypt /mnt/crypt
# mount -t ecryptfs /root/crypt /mnt/crypt
# mknod /mnt/crypt/c0 c 0 0
# umount /mnt/crypt
# mount -t ecryptfs /root/crypt /mnt/crypt
# ls -l /mnt/crypt
This patch fixes it by adding a check similar to directories and
symlinks.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Acked-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is another bug recently introduced into the ecryptfs_setattr()
function in 2.6.22. eCryptfs will attempt to treat special files like
regular eCryptfs files on chmod, chown, and so forth. This leads to a NULL
pointer dereference. This patch validates that the file is a regular file
before proceeding with operations related to the inode's crypt_stat.
Thanks to Ryusuke Konishi for finding this bug and suggesting the fix.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Following was uncovered by compiling the kernel with '-W' flag:
CC [M] fs/ecryptfs/inode.o
fs/ecryptfs/inode.c: In function ‘ecryptfs_lookup’:
fs/ecryptfs/inode.c:304: warning: comparison of unsigned expression < 0 is always false
fs/ecryptfs/inode.c: In function ‘ecryptfs_symlink’:
fs/ecryptfs/inode.c:486: warning: comparison of unsigned expression < 0 is always false
Function ecryptfs_encode_filename() can return -ENOMEM, so change the
variables to plain int, as in the first case the only real use actually
expects int, and in latter case there is no use beoynd the error check.
Signed-off-by: Mika Kukkonen <mikukkon@iki.fi>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Recent changes in eCryptfs have made it possible to get to ecryptfs_setattr()
with an uninitialized crypt_stat struct. This results in a wide and colorful
variety of unpleasantries. This patch properly initializes the crypt_stat
structure in ecryptfs_setattr() when it is necessary to do so.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch fixes the processes involved in wiping regions of the data during
truncate and write events, fixing a kernel hang in 2.6.22-rc4 while assuring
that zero values are written out to the appropriate locations during events in
which the i_size will change.
The range passed to ecryptfs_truncate() from ecryptfs_prepare_write() includes
the page that is the object of ecryptfs_prepare_write(). This leads to a
kernel hang as read_cache_page() is executed on the same page in the
ecryptfs_truncate() execution path. This patch remedies this by limiting the
range passed to ecryptfs_truncate() so as to exclude the page that is the
object of ecryptfs_prepare_write(); it also adds code to
ecryptfs_prepare_write() to zero out the region of its own page when writing
past the i_size position. This patch also modifies ecryptfs_truncate() so
that when a file is truncated to a smaller size, eCryptfs will zero out the
contents of the new last page from the new size through to the end of the last
page.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ecryptfs uses a lock_parent() function, which I hope really locks the parents
and is not abused
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata() error code was ignored.
- i_op->setxattr() must be supported by lower fs because used below.
Signed-off-by: Monakhov Dmitriy <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
O_LARGEFILE should be set here when opening the lower file.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dmitriy Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many struct inode_operations in the kernel can be "const". Marking them const
moves these to the .rodata section, which avoids false sharing with potential
dirty data. In addition it'll catch accidental writes at compile time to
these shared resources.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sys_write() takes a local copy of f_pos and writes that back
into the struct file. It does this so that two concurrent write()
callers don't make a mess of f_pos, and of the file contents.
ecryptfs should be calling vfs_write(). That way we also get the fsnotify
notifications, which ecryptfs presently appears to have subverted.
Convert direct calls to f_op->write() into calls to vfs_write().
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Provide an option to provide a view of the encrypted files such that the
metadata is always in the header of the files, regardless of whether the
metadata is actually in the header or in the extended attribute. This mode of
operation is useful for applications like incremental backup utilities that do
not preserve the extended attributes when directly accessing the lower files.
With this option enabled, the files under the eCryptfs mount point will be
read-only.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Generalize the metadata reading and writing mechanisms, with two targets for
now: metadata in file header and metadata in the user.ecryptfs xattr of the
lower file.
[akpm@osdl.org: printk warning fix]
[bunk@stusta.de: make some needlessly global code static]
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace appropriate pairs of "kmem_cache_alloc()" + "memset(0)" with the
corresponding "kmem_cache_zalloc()" call.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Acked-by: Joel Becker <Joel.Becker@oracle.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@ucw.cz>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change all the uses of f_{dentry,vfsmnt} to f_path.{dentry,mnt} in the
ecryptfs filesystem.
Signed-off-by: Josef "Jeff" Sipek <jsipek@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace eCryptfs specific code & calls with the more generic fsstack
equivalents and remove the eCryptfs specific functions.
Signed-off-by: Josef "Jeff" Sipek <jsipek@cs.sunysb.edu>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SLAB_KERNEL is an alias of GFP_KERNEL.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SLAB_USER is an alias of GFP_USER
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When CIFS is the lower filesystem, the old lower dentry needs to be explicitly
dropped from inside eCryptfs to force a revalidate. In addition, when CIFS is
the lower filesystem, the inode attributes need to be copied back up from the
lower inode to the eCryptfs inode on an eCryptfs revalidate.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
On rename, for both the old and new lower dentry objects, eCryptfs is
missing a dput on the lower parent directory dentry. This patch will
prevent the BUG() at fs/dcache.c:613 from being hit after renaming a file
inside eCryptfs and then doing a umount on the lower filesystem.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix the use of dget/dput calls to balance out on the lower filesystem.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Opens on lower dentry objects happen in several places in eCryptfs, and they
all involve the same steps (dget, mntget, dentry_open). This patch
consolidates the lower open events into a single function call.
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
eCryptfs is a stacked cryptographic filesystem for Linux. It is derived from
Erez Zadok's Cryptfs, implemented through the FiST framework for generating
stacked filesystems. eCryptfs extends Cryptfs to provide advanced key
management and policy features. eCryptfs stores cryptographic metadata in the
header of each file written, so that encrypted files can be copied between
hosts; the file will be decryptable with the proper key, and there is no need
to keep track of any additional information aside from what is already in the
encrypted file itself.
[akpm@osdl.org: updates for ongoing API changes]
[bunk@stusta.de: cleanups]
[akpm@osdl.org: alpha build fix]
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
[tytso@mit.edu: inode-diet updates]
[pbadari@us.ibm.com: generic_file_*_read/write() interface updates]
[rdunlap@xenotime.net: printk format fixes]
[akpm@osdl.org: make slab creation and teardown table-driven]
Signed-off-by: Phillip Hellewell <phillip@hellewell.homeip.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
