- ACPI support for guests on ARM platforms.
- Generic steal time support for arm and x86.
- Support cases where kernel cpu is not Xen VCPU number (e.g., if
in-guest kexec is used).
- Use the system workqueue instead of a custom workqueue in various
places.
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Merge tag 'for-linus-4.8-rc0-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip
Pull xen updates from David Vrabel:
"Features and fixes for 4.8-rc0:
- ACPI support for guests on ARM platforms.
- Generic steal time support for arm and x86.
- Support cases where kernel cpu is not Xen VCPU number (e.g., if
in-guest kexec is used).
- Use the system workqueue instead of a custom workqueue in various
places"
* tag 'for-linus-4.8-rc0-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip: (47 commits)
xen: add static initialization of steal_clock op to xen_time_ops
xen/pvhvm: run xen_vcpu_setup() for the boot CPU
xen/evtchn: use xen_vcpu_id mapping
xen/events: fifo: use xen_vcpu_id mapping
xen/events: use xen_vcpu_id mapping in events_base
x86/xen: use xen_vcpu_id mapping when pointing vcpu_info to shared_info
x86/xen: use xen_vcpu_id mapping for HYPERVISOR_vcpu_op
xen: introduce xen_vcpu_id mapping
x86/acpi: store ACPI ids from MADT for future usage
x86/xen: update cpuid.h from Xen-4.7
xen/evtchn: add IOCTL_EVTCHN_RESTRICT
xen-blkback: really don't leak mode property
xen-blkback: constify instance of "struct attribute_group"
xen-blkfront: prefer xenbus_scanf() over xenbus_gather()
xen-blkback: prefer xenbus_scanf() over xenbus_gather()
xen: support runqueue steal time on xen
arm/xen: add support for vm_assist hypercall
xen: update xen headers
xen-pciback: drop superfluous variables
xen-pciback: short-circuit read path used for merging write values
...
This patch allows SSDTs to be loaded from EFI variables. It works by
specifying the EFI variable name containing the SSDT to be loaded. All
variables with the same name (regardless of the vendor GUID) will be
loaded.
Note that we can't use acpi_install_table and we must rely on the
dynamic ACPI table loading and bus re-scanning mechanisms. That is
because I2C/SPI controllers are initialized earlier then the EFI
subsystems and all I2C/SPI ACPI devices are enumerated when the
I2C/SPI controllers are initialized.
Signed-off-by: Octavian Purdila <octavian.purdila@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
The EFI DT parameters for bare metal are located under /chosen node,
while for Xen Dom0 they are located under /hyperviosr/uefi node. These
parameters under /chosen and /hyperviosr/uefi are not expected to appear
at the same time.
Parse these EFI parameters and initialize EFI like the way for bare
metal except the runtime services because the runtime services for Xen
Dom0 are available through hypercalls and they are always enabled. So it
sets the EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES flag if it finds /hyperviosr/uefi node and
bails out in arm_enable_runtime_services() when EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES
flag is set already.
Signed-off-by: Shannon Zhao <shannon.zhao@linaro.org>
Cc: Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@kernel.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Move efi_status_to_err() to the architecture independent code as it's
generally useful in all bits of EFI code where there is a need to
convert an efi_status_t to a kernel error value.
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Kweh Hock Leong <hock.leong.kweh@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: joeyli <jlee@suse.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461614832-17633-27-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In order to hand over the framebuffer described by the GOP protocol and
discovered by the UEFI stub, make struct screen_info accessible by the
stub. This involves allocating a loader data buffer and passing it to the
kernel proper via a UEFI Configuration Table, since the UEFI stub executes
in the context of the decompressor, and cannot access the kernel's copy of
struct screen_info directly.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461614832-17633-22-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This declares the GUID and struct typedef for the new memory attributes
table which contains the permissions that can be used to apply stricter
permissions to UEFI Runtime Services memory regions.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461614832-17633-13-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Abolish the poorly named EFI memory map, 'memmap'. It is shadowed by a
bunch of local definitions in various files and having two ways to
access the EFI memory map ('efi.memmap' vs. 'memmap') is rather
confusing.
Furthermore, IA64 doesn't even provide this global object, which has
caused issues when trying to write generic EFI memmap code.
Replace all occurrences with efi.memmap, and convert the remaining
iterator code to use for_each_efi_mem_desc().
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Luck, Tony <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461614832-17633-8-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Most of the users of for_each_efi_memory_desc() are equally happy
iterating over the EFI memory map in efi.memmap instead of 'memmap',
since the former is usually a pointer to the latter.
For those users that want to specify an EFI memory map other than
efi.memmap, that can be done using for_each_efi_memory_desc_in_map().
One such example is in the libstub code where the firmware is queried
directly for the memory map, it gets iterated over, and then freed.
This change goes part of the way toward deleting the global 'memmap'
variable, which is not universally available on all architectures
(notably IA64) and is rather poorly named.
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461614832-17633-7-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Commit 6d80dba1c9 ("efi: Provide a non-blocking SetVariable()
operation") implemented a non-blocking alternative for the UEFI
SetVariable() invocation performed by efivars, since it may
occur in atomic context. However, this version of the function
was never exposed via the efivars struct, so the non-blocking
versions was not actually callable. Fix that.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 6d80dba1c9 ("efi: Provide a non-blocking SetVariable() operation")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1454364428-494-2-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The code in efi.c uses early_memremap(), but relies on a transitive
include rather than including asm/early_ioremap.h directly, since
this header did not exist on ia64.
Commit f7d9248942 ("arm64/efi: refactor EFI init and runtime code
for reuse by 32-bit ARM") attempted to work around this by including
asm/efi.h, which transitively includes asm/early_ioremap.h on most
architectures. However, since asm/efi.h does not exist on ia64 either,
this is not much of an improvement.
Now that we have created an asm/early_ioremap.h for ia64, we can just
include it directly.
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Starting with this commit 35eb8b81edd4 ("x86/efi: Build our own page
table structures") efi regions have a separate page directory called
"efi_pgd". In order to access any efi region we have to first shift %cr3
to this page table. In the bgrt code we are trying to copy bgrt_header
and image, but these regions fall under "EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA"
and to access these regions we have to shift %cr3 to efi_pgd and not
doing so will cause page fault as shown below.
[ 0.251599] Last level dTLB entries: 4KB 64, 2MB 0, 4MB 0, 1GB 4
[ 0.259126] Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 32K (ffffffff8230e000 - ffffffff82316000)
[ 0.271803] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at fffffffefce35002
[ 0.279740] IP: [<ffffffff821bca49>] efi_bgrt_init+0x144/0x1fd
[ 0.286383] PGD 300f067 PUD 0
[ 0.289879] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 0.293566] Modules linked in:
[ 0.297039] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.4.0-rc1-eywa-eywa-built-in-47041+ #2
[ 0.306619] Hardware name: Intel Corporation Skylake Client platform/Skylake Y LPDDR3 RVP3, BIOS SKLSE2R1.R00.B104.B01.1511110114 11/11/2015
[ 0.320925] task: ffffffff820134c0 ti: ffffffff82000000 task.ti: ffffffff82000000
[ 0.329420] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff821bca49>] [<ffffffff821bca49>] efi_bgrt_init+0x144/0x1fd
[ 0.338821] RSP: 0000:ffffffff82003f18 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 0.344852] RAX: fffffffefce35000 RBX: fffffffefce35000 RCX: fffffffefce2b000
[ 0.352952] RDX: 000000008a82b000 RSI: ffffffff8235bb80 RDI: 000000008a835000
[ 0.361050] RBP: ffffffff82003f30 R08: 000000008a865000 R09: ffffffffff202850
[ 0.369149] R10: ffffffff811ad62f R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000
[ 0.377248] R13: ffff88016dbaea40 R14: ffffffff822622c0 R15: ffffffff82003fb0
[ 0.385348] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88016d800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 0.394533] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 0.401054] CR2: fffffffefce35002 CR3: 000000000300c000 CR4: 00000000003406f0
[ 0.409153] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 0.417252] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 0.425350] Stack:
[ 0.427638] ffffffffffffffff ffffffff82256900 ffff88016dbaea40 ffffffff82003f40
[ 0.436086] ffffffff821bbce0 ffffffff82003f88 ffffffff8219c0c2 0000000000000000
[ 0.444533] ffffffff8219ba4a ffffffff822622c0 0000000000083000 00000000ffffffff
[ 0.452978] Call Trace:
[ 0.455763] [<ffffffff821bbce0>] efi_late_init+0x9/0xb
[ 0.461697] [<ffffffff8219c0c2>] start_kernel+0x463/0x47f
[ 0.467928] [<ffffffff8219ba4a>] ? set_init_arg+0x55/0x55
[ 0.474159] [<ffffffff8219b120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
[ 0.481669] [<ffffffff8219b5ee>] x86_64_start_reservations+0x2a/0x2c
[ 0.488982] [<ffffffff8219b72d>] x86_64_start_kernel+0x13d/0x14c
[ 0.495897] Code: 00 41 b4 01 48 8b 78 28 e8 09 36 01 00 48 85 c0 48 89 c3 75 13 48 c7 c7 f8 ac d3 81 31 c0 e8 d7 3b fb fe e9 b5 00 00 00 45 84 e4 <44> 8b 6b 02 74 0d be 06 00 00 00 48 89 df e8 ae 34 0$
[ 0.518151] RIP [<ffffffff821bca49>] efi_bgrt_init+0x144/0x1fd
[ 0.524888] RSP <ffffffff82003f18>
[ 0.528851] CR2: fffffffefce35002
[ 0.532615] ---[ end trace 7b06521e6ebf2aea ]---
[ 0.537852] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill the idle task!
As said above one way to fix this bug is to shift %cr3 to efi_pgd but we
are not doing that way because it leaks inner details of how we switch
to EFI page tables into a new call site and it also adds duplicate code.
Instead, we remove the call to efi_lookup_mapped_addr() and always
perform early_mem*() instead of early_io*() because we want to remap RAM
regions and not I/O regions. We also delete efi_lookup_mapped_addr()
because we are no longer using it.
Signed-off-by: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com>
Reported-by: Wendy Wang <wendy.wang@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri@intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
This refactors the EFI init and runtime code that will be shared
between arm64 and ARM so that it can be built for both archs.
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
We have been getting away with using a void* for the physical
address of the UEFI memory map, since, even on 32-bit platforms
with 64-bit physical addresses, no truncation takes place if the
memory map has been allocated by the firmware (which only uses
1:1 virtually addressable memory), which is usually the case.
However, commit:
0f96a99dab ("efi: Add "efi_fake_mem" boot option")
adds code that clones and modifies the UEFI memory map, and the
clone may live above 4 GB on 32-bit platforms.
This means our use of void* for struct efi_memory_map::phys_map has
graduated from 'incorrect but working' to 'incorrect and
broken', and we need to fix it.
So redefine struct efi_memory_map::phys_map as phys_addr_t, and
get rid of a bunch of casts that are now unneeded.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com
Cc: kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Cc: matt.fleming@intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1445593697-1342-1-git-send-email-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
UEFI v2.5 introduces a runtime memory protection feature that splits
PE/COFF runtime images into separate code and data regions. Since this
may require special handling by the OS, allocate a EFI_xxx bit to
keep track of whether this feature is currently active or not.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Version 2.5 of the UEFI spec introduces a new configuration table
called the 'EFI Properties table'. Currently, it is only used to
convey whether the Memory Protection feature is enabled, which splits
PE/COFF images into separate code and data memory regions.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
UEFI spec 2.5 introduces new Memory Attribute Definition named
EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE. This patch adds this new attribute
support to efi_md_typeattr_format().
Signed-off-by: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
As we now have a common debug infrastructure between core and arm64 efi,
drop the bit of the interface passing verbose output flags around.
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
fed6cefe3b ("x86/efi: Add a "debug" option to the efi= cmdline")
adds the DBG flag, but does so for x86 only. Move this early param
parsing to core code.
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Guenter reports that commit:
7bf793115d ("efi, x86: Rearrange efi_mem_attributes()")
breaks the IA64 compilation with the following error:
drivers/built-in.o: In function `efi_mem_attributes': (.text+0xde962): undefined reference to `memmap'
Instead of using the (rather poorly named) global variable
'memmap' which doesn't exist on IA64, use efi.memmap which
points to the 'memmap' object on x86 and arm64 and which is NULL
for IA64.
The fact that efi.memmap is NULL for IA64 is OK because IA64
provides its own implementation of efi_mem_attributes().
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Jonathan Zhang <zjzhang@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20151003222607.GA2682@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
x86 and ia64 implement efi_mem_attributes() differently. This
function needs to be available for other architectures
(such as arm64) as well, such as for the purpose of ACPI/APEI.
ia64 EFI does not set up a 'memmap' variable and does not set
the EFI_MEMMAP flag, so it needs to have its unique implementation
of efi_mem_attributes().
Move efi_mem_attributes() implementation from x86 to the core
EFI code, and declare it with __weak.
It is recommended that other architectures should not override
the default implementation.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan (Zhixiong) Zhang <zjzhang@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1438936621-5215-4-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The UEFI spec v2.5 introduces a new memory attribute
EFI_MEMORY_RO, which is now the preferred attribute to convey
that the nature of the contents of such a region allows it to be
mapped read-only (i.e., it contains .text and .rodata only).
The specification of the existing EFI_MEMORY_WP attribute has been
updated to align more closely with its common use as a
cacheability attribute rather than a permission attribute.
Add the #define and add the attribute to the memory map dumping
routine.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1438936621-5215-1-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Even though it is documented how to specifiy efi parameters, it is
possible to cause a kernel panic due to a dereference of a NULL pointer when
parsing such parameters if "efi" alone is given:
PANIC: early exception 0e rip 10:ffffffff812fb361 error 0 cr2 0
[ 0.000000] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.2.0-rc1+ #450
[ 0.000000] ffffffff81fe20a9 ffffffff81e03d50 ffffffff8184bb0f 00000000000003f8
[ 0.000000] 0000000000000000 ffffffff81e03e08 ffffffff81f371a1 64656c62616e6520
[ 0.000000] 0000000000000069 000000000000005f 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
[ 0.000000] Call Trace:
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff8184bb0f>] dump_stack+0x45/0x57
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f371a1>] early_idt_handler_common+0x81/0xae
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff812fb361>] ? parse_option_str+0x11/0x90
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f4dd69>] arch_parse_efi_cmdline+0x15/0x42
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f376e1>] do_early_param+0x50/0x8a
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff8106b1b3>] parse_args+0x1e3/0x400
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f37a43>] parse_early_options+0x24/0x28
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f37691>] ? loglevel+0x31/0x31
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f37a78>] parse_early_param+0x31/0x3d
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f3ae98>] setup_arch+0x2de/0xc08
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff8109629a>] ? vprintk_default+0x1a/0x20
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f37b20>] start_kernel+0x90/0x423
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f37495>] x86_64_start_reservations+0x2a/0x2c
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffff81f37582>] x86_64_start_kernel+0xeb/0xef
[ 0.000000] RIP 0xffffffff81ba2efc
This panic is not reproducible with "efi=" as this will result in a non-NULL
zero-length string.
Thus, verify that the pointer to the parameter string is not NULL. This is
consistent with other parameter-parsing functions which check for NULL pointers.
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Pull user namespace updates from Eric Biederman:
"Long ago and far away when user namespaces where young it was realized
that allowing fresh mounts of proc and sysfs with only user namespace
permissions could violate the basic rule that only root gets to decide
if proc or sysfs should be mounted at all.
Some hacks were put in place to reduce the worst of the damage could
be done, and the common sense rule was adopted that fresh mounts of
proc and sysfs should allow no more than bind mounts of proc and
sysfs. Unfortunately that rule has not been fully enforced.
There are two kinds of gaps in that enforcement. Only filesystems
mounted on empty directories of proc and sysfs should be ignored but
the test for empty directories was insufficient. So in my tree
directories on proc, sysctl and sysfs that will always be empty are
created specially. Every other technique is imperfect as an ordinary
directory can have entries added even after a readdir returns and
shows that the directory is empty. Special creation of directories
for mount points makes the code in the kernel a smidge clearer about
it's purpose. I asked container developers from the various container
projects to help test this and no holes were found in the set of mount
points on proc and sysfs that are created specially.
This set of changes also starts enforcing the mount flags of fresh
mounts of proc and sysfs are consistent with the existing mount of
proc and sysfs. I expected this to be the boring part of the work but
unfortunately unprivileged userspace winds up mounting fresh copies of
proc and sysfs with noexec and nosuid clear when root set those flags
on the previous mount of proc and sysfs. So for now only the atime,
read-only and nodev attributes which userspace happens to keep
consistent are enforced. Dealing with the noexec and nosuid
attributes remains for another time.
This set of changes also addresses an issue with how open file
descriptors from /proc/<pid>/ns/* are displayed. Recently readlink of
/proc/<pid>/fd has been triggering a WARN_ON that has not been
meaningful since it was added (as all of the code in the kernel was
converted) and is not now actively wrong.
There is also a short list of issues that have not been fixed yet that
I will mention briefly.
It is possible to rename a directory from below to above a bind mount.
At which point any directory pointers below the renamed directory can
be walked up to the root directory of the filesystem. With user
namespaces enabled a bind mount of the bind mount can be created
allowing the user to pick a directory whose children they can rename
to outside of the bind mount. This is challenging to fix and doubly
so because all obvious solutions must touch code that is in the
performance part of pathname resolution.
As mentioned above there is also a question of how to ensure that
developers by accident or with purpose do not introduce exectuable
files on sysfs and proc and in doing so introduce security regressions
in the current userspace that will not be immediately obvious and as
such are likely to require breaking userspace in painful ways once
they are recognized"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace:
vfs: Remove incorrect debugging WARN in prepend_path
mnt: Update fs_fully_visible to test for permanently empty directories
sysfs: Create mountpoints with sysfs_create_mount_point
sysfs: Add support for permanently empty directories to serve as mount points.
kernfs: Add support for always empty directories.
proc: Allow creating permanently empty directories that serve as mount points
sysctl: Allow creating permanently empty directories that serve as mountpoints.
fs: Add helper functions for permanently empty directories.
vfs: Ignore unlocked mounts in fs_fully_visible
mnt: Modify fs_fully_visible to deal with locked ro nodev and atime
mnt: Refactor the logic for mounting sysfs and proc in a user namespace
This allows for better documentation in the code and
it allows for a simpler and fully correct version of
fs_fully_visible to be written.
The mount points converted and their filesystems are:
/sys/hypervisor/s390/ s390_hypfs
/sys/kernel/config/ configfs
/sys/kernel/debug/ debugfs
/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/ efivarfs
/sys/fs/fuse/connections/ fusectl
/sys/fs/pstore/ pstore
/sys/kernel/tracing/ tracefs
/sys/fs/cgroup/ cgroup
/sys/kernel/security/ securityfs
/sys/fs/selinux/ selinuxfs
/sys/fs/smackfs/ smackfs
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
The SMBIOS3 table should appear before the SMBIOS table in
/sys/firmware/efi/systab. This allows user-space utilities which
support both to pick the SMBIOS3 table with a single pass on systems
where both are implemented. The SMBIOS3 entry point is more capable
than the SMBIOS entry point so it should be preferred.
This follows the same logic as the ACPI20 table being listed before
the ACPI table.
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Add sysfs files for the EFI System Resource Table (ESRT) under
/sys/firmware/efi/esrt and for each EFI System Resource Entry under
entries/ as a subdir.
The EFI System Resource Table (ESRT) provides a read-only catalog of
system components for which the system accepts firmware upgrades via
UEFI's "Capsule Update" feature. This module allows userland utilities
to evaluate what firmware updates can be applied to this system, and
potentially arrange for those updates to occur.
The ESRT is described as part of the UEFI specification, in version 2.5
which should be available from http://uefi.org/specifications in early
2015. If you're a member of the UEFI Forum, information about its
addition to the standard is available as UEFI Mantis 1090.
For some hardware platforms, additional restrictions may be found at
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/jj128256.aspx ,
and additional documentation may be found at
http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/F/5/5F5D16CD-2530-4289-8019-94C6A20BED3C/windows-uefi-firmware-update-platform.docx
.
Signed-off-by: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
- reimplementation of the virtual remapping of UEFI Runtime Services in
a way that is stable across kexec
- emulation of the "setend" instruction for 32-bit tasks (user
endianness switching trapped in the kernel, SCTLR_EL1.E0E bit set
accordingly)
- compat_sys_call_table implemented in C (from asm) and made it a
constant array together with sys_call_table
- export CPU cache information via /sys (like other architectures)
- DMA API implementation clean-up in preparation for IOMMU support
- macros clean-up for KVM
- dropped some unnecessary cache+tlb maintenance
- CONFIG_ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND clean-up
- defconfig update (CPU_IDLE)
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas:
"arm64 updates for 3.20:
- reimplementation of the virtual remapping of UEFI Runtime Services
in a way that is stable across kexec
- emulation of the "setend" instruction for 32-bit tasks (user
endianness switching trapped in the kernel, SCTLR_EL1.E0E bit set
accordingly)
- compat_sys_call_table implemented in C (from asm) and made it a
constant array together with sys_call_table
- export CPU cache information via /sys (like other architectures)
- DMA API implementation clean-up in preparation for IOMMU support
- macros clean-up for KVM
- dropped some unnecessary cache+tlb maintenance
- CONFIG_ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND clean-up
- defconfig update (CPU_IDLE)
The EFI changes going via the arm64 tree have been acked by Matt
Fleming. There is also a patch adding sys_*stat64 prototypes to
include/linux/syscalls.h, acked by Andrew Morton"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (47 commits)
arm64: compat: Remove incorrect comment in compat_siginfo
arm64: Fix section mismatch on alloc_init_p[mu]d()
arm64: Avoid breakage caused by .altmacro in fpsimd save/restore macros
arm64: mm: use *_sect to check for section maps
arm64: drop unnecessary cache+tlb maintenance
arm64:mm: free the useless initial page table
arm64: Enable CPU_IDLE in defconfig
arm64: kernel: remove ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND config option
arm64: make sys_call_table const
arm64: Remove asm/syscalls.h
arm64: Implement the compat_sys_call_table in C
syscalls: Declare sys_*stat64 prototypes if __ARCH_WANT_(COMPAT_)STAT64
compat: Declare compat_sys_sigpending and compat_sys_sigprocmask prototypes
arm64: uapi: expose our struct ucontext to the uapi headers
smp, ARM64: Kill SMP single function call interrupt
arm64: Emulate SETEND for AArch32 tasks
arm64: Consolidate hotplug notifier for instruction emulation
arm64: Track system support for mixed endian EL0
arm64: implement generic IOMMU configuration
arm64: Combine coherent and non-coherent swiotlb dma_ops
...
since that's a more logical and accurate place - Leif Lindholm
* Update efibootmgr URL in Kconfig help - Peter Jones
* Improve accuracy of EFI guid function names - Borislav Petkov
* Expose firmware platform size in sysfs for the benefit of EFI boot
loader installers and other utilities - Steve McIntyre
* Cleanup __init annotations for arm64/efi code - Ard Biesheuvel
* Mark the UIE as unsupported for rtc-efi - Ard Biesheuvel
* Fix memory leak in error code path of runtime map code - Dan Carpenter
* Improve robustness of get_memory_map() by removing assumptions on the
size of efi_memory_desc_t (which could change in future spec
versions) and querying the firmware instead of guessing about the
memmap size - Ard Biesheuvel
* Remove superfluous guid unparse calls - Ivan Khoronzhuk
* Delete unnecessary chosen@0 DT node FDT code since was duplicated
from code in drivers/of and is entirely unnecessary - Leif Lindholm
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Merge tag 'efi-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into x86/efi
Pull EFI updates from Matt Fleming:
" - Move efivarfs from the misc filesystem section to pseudo filesystem,
since that's a more logical and accurate place - Leif Lindholm
- Update efibootmgr URL in Kconfig help - Peter Jones
- Improve accuracy of EFI guid function names - Borislav Petkov
- Expose firmware platform size in sysfs for the benefit of EFI boot
loader installers and other utilities - Steve McIntyre
- Cleanup __init annotations for arm64/efi code - Ard Biesheuvel
- Mark the UIE as unsupported for rtc-efi - Ard Biesheuvel
- Fix memory leak in error code path of runtime map code - Dan Carpenter
- Improve robustness of get_memory_map() by removing assumptions on the
size of efi_memory_desc_t (which could change in future spec
versions) and querying the firmware instead of guessing about the
memmap size - Ard Biesheuvel
- Remove superfluous guid unparse calls - Ivan Khoronzhuk
- Delete unnecessary chosen@0 DT node FDT code since was duplicated
from code in drivers/of and is entirely unnecessary - Leif Lindholm
There's nothing super scary, mainly cleanups, and a merge from Ricardo who
kindly picked up some patches from the linux-efi mailing list while I
was out on annual leave in December.
Perhaps the biggest risk is the get_memory_map() change from Ard, which
changes the way that both the arm64 and x86 EFI boot stub build the
early memory map. It would be good to have it bake in linux-next for a
while.
"
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Due to some scary special case handling noticed in drivers/of, various
bits of the ARM* EFI support patches did duplicate looking for @0
variants of various nodes. Unless on an ancient PPC system, these are
not in fact required. Most instances have become refactored out along
the way, this removes the last one.
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
There is no reason to translate guid number to string here.
So remove it in order to not do unneeded work.
Signed-off-by: Ivan Khoronzhuk <ivan.khoronzhuk@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
In some cases (e.g. Intel Bay Trail machines), the kernel will happily
run in 64-bit even if the underlying UEFI firmware platform is
32-bit. That's great, but it's difficult for userland utilities like
grub-install to do the right thing in such a situation.
The kernel already knows about the size of the firmware via
efi_enabled(EFI_64BIT). Add an extra sysfs interface
/sys/firmware/efi/fw_platform_size to expose that information to
userland for low-level utilities to use.
Signed-off-by: Steve McIntyre <steve@einval.com>
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@srcf.ucam.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Split of the remapping code from efi_config_init() so that the caller
can perform its own remapping. This is necessary to correctly handle
virtually remapped UEFI memory regions under kexec, as efi.systab will
have been updated to a virtual address.
Acked-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Tested-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Call it what it does - "unparse" is plain-misleading.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
This adds support to the UEFI side for detecting the presence of
a SMBIOS 3.0 64-bit entry point. This allows the actual SMBIOS
structure table to reside at a physical offset over 4 GB, which
cannot be supported by the legacy SMBIOS 32-bit entry point.
Since the firmware can legally provide both entry points, store
the SMBIOS 3.0 entry point in a separate variable, and let the
DMI decoding layer decide which one will be used.
Tested-by: Suravee Suthikulpanit <suravee.suthikulpanit@amd.com>
Acked-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
At the moment, there are three architectures debug-printing the EFI memory
map at initialization: x86, ia64, and arm64. They all use different format
strings, plus the EFI memory type and the EFI memory attributes are
similarly hard to decode for a human reader.
Introduce a helper __init function that formats the memory type and the
memory attributes in a unified way, to a user-provided character buffer.
The array "memory_type_name" is copied from the arm64 code, temporarily
duplicating it. The (otherwise optional) braces around each string literal
in the initializer list are dropped in order to match the kernel coding
style more closely. The element size is tightened from 32 to 20 bytes
(maximum actual string length + 1) so that we can derive the field width
from the element size.
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
[ Dropped useless 'register' keyword, which compiler will ignore ]
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
noefi kernel param means actually disabling efi runtime, Per suggestion
from Leif Lindholm efi=noruntime should be better. But since noefi is
already used in X86 thus just adding another param efi=noruntime for
same purpose.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
noefi param can be used for arches other than X86 later, thus move it
out of x86 platform code.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Pull EFI changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Main changes in this cycle are:
- arm64 efi stub fixes, preservation of FP/SIMD registers across
firmware calls, and conversion of the EFI stub code into a static
library - Ard Biesheuvel
- Xen EFI support - Daniel Kiper
- Support for autoloading the efivars driver - Lee, Chun-Yi
- Use the PE/COFF headers in the x86 EFI boot stub to request that
the stub be loaded with CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN alignment - Michael
Brown
- Consolidate all the x86 EFI quirks into one file - Saurabh Tangri
- Additional error logging in x86 EFI boot stub - Ulf Winkelvos
- Support loading initrd above 4G in EFI boot stub - Yinghai Lu
- EFI reboot patches for ACPI hardware reduced platforms"
* 'x86-efi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (31 commits)
efi/arm64: Handle missing virtual mapping for UEFI System Table
arch/x86/xen: Silence compiler warnings
xen: Silence compiler warnings
x86/efi: Request desired alignment via the PE/COFF headers
x86/efi: Add better error logging to EFI boot stub
efi: Autoload efivars
efi: Update stale locking comment for struct efivars
arch/x86: Remove efi_set_rtc_mmss()
arch/x86: Replace plain strings with constants
xen: Put EFI machinery in place
xen: Define EFI related stuff
arch/x86: Remove redundant set_bit(EFI_MEMMAP) call
arch/x86: Remove redundant set_bit(EFI_SYSTEM_TABLES) call
efi: Introduce EFI_PARAVIRT flag
arch/x86: Do not access EFI memory map if it is not available
efi: Use early_mem*() instead of early_io*()
arch/ia64: Define early_memunmap()
x86/reboot: Add EFI reboot quirk for ACPI Hardware Reduced flag
efi/reboot: Allow powering off machines using EFI
efi/reboot: Add generic wrapper around EfiResetSystem()
...
The original patch is from Ben Hutchings's contribution to debian
kernel. Got Ben's permission to remove the code of efi-pstore.c and
send to linux-efi:
https://github.com/BlankOn/linux-debian/blob/master/debian/patches/features/all/efi-autoload-efivars.patch
efivars is generally useful to have on EFI systems, and in some cases
it may be impossible to load it after a kernel upgrade in order to
complete a boot loader update. At the same time we don't want to waste
memory on non-EFI systems by making them built-in.
Instead, give them module aliases as if they are platform drivers, and
register a corresponding platform device whenever EFI runtime services
are available. This should trigger udev to load them.
Signed-off-by: Lee, Chun-Yi <jlee@suse.com>
Cc: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Introduce EFI_PARAVIRT flag. If it is set then kernel runs
on EFI platform but it has not direct control on EFI stuff
like EFI runtime, tables, structures, etc. If not this means
that Linux Kernel has direct access to EFI infrastructure
and everything runs as usual.
This functionality is used in Xen dom0 because hypervisor
has full control on EFI stuff and all calls from dom0 to
EFI must be requested via special hypercall which in turn
executes relevant EFI code in behalf of dom0.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Use early_mem*() instead of early_io*() because all mapped EFI regions
are memory (usually RAM but they could also be ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash,
etc.) not I/O regions. Additionally, I/O family calls do not work correctly
under Xen in our case. early_ioremap() skips the PFN to MFN conversion
when building the PTE. Using it for memory will attempt to map the wrong
machine frame. However, all artificial EFI structures created under Xen
live in dom0 memory and should be mapped/unmapped using early_mem*() family
calls which map domain memory.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Currently, fdt_find_uefi_params() reports an error if no EFI parameters
are found in the DT. This is however a valid case for non-UEFI kernel
booting. This patch checks changes the error reporting to a
pr_info("UEFI not found") when no EFI parameters are found in the DT.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
This patch fixes a few compiler warning in the efi code for unused
variable, discarding const qualifier and wrong pointer type:
drivers/firmware/efi/fdt.c|66 col 22| warning: unused variable ‘name’ [-Wunused-variable]
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c|368 col 3| warning: passing argument 3 of ‘of_get_flat_dt_prop’ from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c|368 col 8| warning: assignment discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [enabled by default]
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
ARM and ARM64 architectures use the device tree to pass UEFI parameters
from stub to kernel. These parameters are things known to the stub but
not discoverable by the kernel after the stub calls ExitBootSerives().
There is a helper function in:
drivers/firmware/efi/fdt.c
which the stub uses to add the UEFI parameters to the device tree.
This patch adds a complimentary helper function which UEFI runtime
support may use to retrieve the parameters from the device tree.
If an architecture wants to use this helper, it should select
CONFIG_EFI_PARAMS_FROM_FDT.
Signed-off-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Fix following sparse warnings:
drivers/firmware/efi/efivars.c:230:66: warning:
Using plain integer as NULL pointer
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c:236:27: warning:
Using plain integer as NULL pointer
Signed-off-by: Daeseok Youn <daeseok.youn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
It makes more sense to set the feature flag in the success path of the
detection function than it does to rely on the caller doing it. Apart
from it being more logical to group the code and data together, it sets
a much better example for new EFI architectures.
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
kexec kernel will need exactly same mapping for EFI runtime memory
ranges. Thus here export the runtime ranges mapping to sysfs,
kexec-tools will assemble them and pass to 2nd kernel via setup_data.
Introducing a new directory /sys/firmware/efi/runtime-map just like
/sys/firmware/memmap. Containing below attribute in each file of that
directory:
attribute num_pages phys_addr type virt_addr
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
