Let's map the initial RAM up to the end of the kernel .bss instead of
the strict kernel image area. This simplifies the code as the kernel
image only needs to be handled specially in the XIP case. That covers
the legacy ATAG location as well.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
There is just no point mapping up to 512MB for a serial port.
Using a single 1MB entry is way sufficient for all users.
This will create less interference for the following debugging patch.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This is a very simple method for code running in an emulator, or under
the supervision of a debugger, to use I/O facilities on the controlling
host.
Tested with OpenOCD, and ARM's Fast Models.
Details on semihosting can be found in chapter 8 of
DUI0203I_rvct_developer_guide.pdf from ARM Ltd.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Avoid namespace conflicts with drivers over the CP15 definitions by
moving CP15 related prototypes and definitions to a private header
file.
Acked-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> [Tegra]
Acked-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Tested-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> [EP93xx]
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Kukjin Kim <kgene.kim@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This patch adds a check for the presence of the LPAE feature during the
CPU initialisation. If not present, it reports an error when
CONFIG_DEBUG_LL is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This patch adds the MMU initialisation for the LPAE page table format.
The swapper_pg_dir size with LPAE is 5 rather than 4 pages. A new
proc-v7-3level.S file contains the TTB initialisation, context switch
and PTE setting code with the LPAE. The TTBRx split is based on the
PAGE_OFFSET with TTBR1 used for the kernel mappings. The 36-bit mappings
(supersections) and a few other memory types in mmu.c are conditionally
compiled.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Before we enable the MMU, we must ensure that the TTBR registers contain
sane values. After the MMU has been enabled, we jump to the *virtual*
address of the following function, so we also need to ensure that the
SCTLR write has taken effect.
This patch adds ISB instructions around the SCTLR write to ensure the
visibility of the above.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
The ARM SMP booting code allocates a temporary set of page tables
containing an identity mapping of the kernel image and provides this
to secondary CPUs for initial booting.
In reality, we only need to include the __turn_mmu_on function in the
identity mapping since the rest of the kernel is executing from virtual
addresses after this point.
This patch adds __turn_mmu_on to the .idmap.text section, allowing the
SMP booting code to use the idmap_pgd directly and not have to populate
its own set of page table.
As a result of this patch, we can make the identity_mapping_add function
static (since it is only used within mm/idmap.c) and also remove the
identity_mapping_del function. The identity map population is moved to
an early initcall so that it is setup in time for secondary CPU bringup.
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
__create_page_tables identity maps the region of memory from
__enable_mmu to the end of __turn_mmu_on.
In preparation for including __turn_mmu_on in the .idmap.text section,
this patch modifies the identity mapping so that it only includes the
__turn_mmu_on code.
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Recent gcc versions generate unaligned accesses by default on ARMv6 and
later processors. This patch ensures that the SCTLR.A bit is always
cleared on such processors to avoid kernel traping before
alignment_init() is called.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Tested-by: John Linn <John.Linn@xilinx.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
When the CONFIG_NO_MACH_MEMORY_H symbol is selected by a particular
machine class, the machine specific memory.h include file is no longer
used and can be removed. In that case the equivalent information can
be obtained dynamically at runtime by enabling CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT
or by specifying the physical memory address at kernel configuration time.
If/when all instances of mach/memory.h are removed then this symbol could
be removed.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Some platforms (like OMAP not to name it) are doing rather complicated
hacks just to determine the base UART address to use. Let's give their
addruart macro some slack by providing an extra work register which will
allow for much needed cleanups.
This is basically a no-op as this commit is only adding the extra argument
to the macro but no one is using it yet.
Signed-off-by: nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
PGDIR_SHIFT and PMD_SHIFT for the classic 2-level page table format have
the same value (21). This patch converts the PGDIR_* uses in the kernel
to the PMD_* equivalent so that LPAE builds can reuse the same code.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This code can be removed now that MSM targets no longer need the 16-bit
offsets for P2V.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Currently, the documented kernel entry requirements are not
explicit about whether the kernel should be entered in ARM or
Thumb, leading to an ambiguitity about how to enter Thumb-2
kernels. As a result, the kernel is reliant on the zImage
decompressor to enter the kernel proper in the correct instruction
set state.
This patch changes the boot entry protocol for head.S and Image to
be the same as for zImage: in all cases, the kernel is now entered
in ARM.
Documentation/arm/Booting is updated to reflect this new policy.
A different rule will be needed for Cortex-M class CPUs as and when
support for those lands in mainline, since these CPUs don't support
the ARM instruction set at all: a note is added to the effect that
the kernel must be entered in Thumb on such systems.
Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This patch makes TTBR1 point to swapper_pg_dir so that global, kernel
mappings can be used exclusively on v6 and v7 cores where they are
needed.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
The dtb is passed to the kernel via register r2, which is the same
method that is used to pass an atags pointer. This patch modifies
__vet_atags to not clear r2 when it encounters a dtb image.
v2: fixed bugs pointed out by Nicolas Pitre
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Adding Thumb2 support to the runtime patching of the virt_to_phys and
phys_to_virt opcodes.
Tested both the 8-bit and the 16-bit fixups, using different placements
in memory to exercize all code paths.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
If ATAGs or DTB pointer is not within first 1MB of RAM, then the boot params
will not be mapped early enough, so map the 1MB region that r2 points to. Only
map the first 1MB when r2 is 0.
Some assembly improvements from Nicolas Pitre.
Acked-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
MSM's memory is aligned to 2MB, which is more than we can do with our
existing method as we're limited to the upper 8 bits. Extend this by
using two instructions to 16 bits, automatically selected when MSM is
enabled.
Acked-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This idea came from Nicolas, Eric Miao produced an initial version,
which was then rewritten into this.
Patch the physical to virtual translations at runtime. As we modify
the code, this makes it incompatible with XIP kernels, but allows us
to achieve this with minimal loss of performance.
As many translations are of the form:
physical = virtual + (PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET)
virtual = physical - (PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET)
we generate an 'add' instruction for __virt_to_phys(), and a 'sub'
instruction for __phys_to_virt(). We calculate at run time (PHYS_OFFSET
- PAGE_OFFSET) by comparing the address prior to MMU initialization with
where it should be once the MMU has been initialized, and place this
constant into the above add/sub instructions.
Once we have (PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET), we can calculate the real
PHYS_OFFSET as PAGE_OFFSET is a build-time constant, and save this for
the C-mode PHYS_OFFSET variable definition to use.
At present, we are unable to support Realview with Sparsemem enabled
as this uses a complex mapping function, and MSM as this requires a
constant which will not fit in our math instruction.
Add a module version magic string for this feature to prevent
incompatible modules being loaded.
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
head.S makes use of PHYS_OFFSET. When it becomes a variable, the
assembler won't understand this. Compute PHYS_OFFSET by the following
method. This code is linked at its virtual address, but run at before
the MMU is enabled, so at his physical address.
1: .long .
.long PAGE_OFFSET
adr r0, 1b @ r0 = physical ','
ldmia r0, {r1, r2} @ r1 = virtual '.', r2 = PAGE_OFFSET
sub r1, r0, r1 @ r1 = physical-virtual
add r2, r2, r1 @ r2 = PAGE_OFFSET + physical-virtual
@ := PHYS_OFFSET.
Switch XIP users of PHYS_OFFSET to use PLAT_PHYS_OFFSET - we can't
use this method for XIP kernels as the code doesn't execute in RAM.
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Since the debug macros no longer depend on the machine type information,
the machine type lookup can be deferred to setup_arch() in setup.c which
simplifies the code somewhat.
We also move the __error_a functionality into setup.c for displaying a
message when a bad machine ID is passed to the kernel via the LL debug
code. We also log this into the kernel ring buffer which makes it
possible to retrieve the message via a debugger.
Original idea from Grant Likely.
Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
With certain configurations, we inline the unlock functions in modules,
which results in SMP alternatives being created in modules. We need to
fix those up when loading a module to prevent undefined instruction
faults.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Allow non-ARM SMP processors to use the SMP_ON_UP feature. CPUs
supporting SMP must have the new CPU ID format, so check for this first.
Then check for ARM11MPCore, which fails the MPIDR check. Lastly check
the MPIDR reports multiprocessing extensions and that the CPU is part of
a multiprocessing system.
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Reported-and-Tested-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
* __fixup_smp_on_up has been modified with support for the
THUMB2_KERNEL case. For THUMB2_KERNEL only, fixups are split
into halfwords in case of misalignment, since we can't rely on
unaligned accesses working before turning the MMU on.
No attempt is made to optimise the aligned case, since the
number of fixups is typically small, and it seems best to keep
the code as simple as possible.
* Add a rotate in the fixup_smp code in order to support
CPU_BIG_ENDIAN, as suggested by Nicolas Pitre.
* Add an assembly-time sanity-check to ALT_UP() to ensure that
the content really is the right size (4 bytes).
(No check is done for ALT_SMP(). Possibly, this could be fixed
by splitting the two uses ot ALT_SMP() (ALT_SMP...SMP_UP versus
ALT_SMP...SMP_UP_B) into two macros. In the first case,
ALT_SMP needs to expand to >= 4 bytes, not == 4.)
* smp_mpidr.h (which implements ALT_SMP()/ALT_UP() manually due
to macro limitations) has not been modified: the affected
instruction (mov) has no 16-bit encoding, so the correct
instruction size is satisfied in this case.
* A "mode" parameter has been added to smp_dmb:
smp_dmb arm @ assumes 4-byte instructions (for ARM code, e.g. kuser)
smp_dmb @ uses W() to ensure 4-byte instructions for ALT_SMP()
This avoids assembly failures due to use of W() inside smp_dmb,
when assembling pure-ARM code in the vectors page.
There might be a better way to achieve this.
* Kconfig: make SMP_ON_UP depend on
(!THUMB2_KERNEL || !BIG_ENDIAN) i.e., THUMB2_KERNEL is now
supported, but only if !BIG_ENDIAN (The fixup code for Thumb-2
currently assumes little-endian order.)
Tested using a single generic realview kernel on:
ARM RealView PB-A8 (CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL={n,y})
ARM RealView PBX-A9 (SMP)
Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Use r0,r3-r6 rather than r0,r3,r4,r6,r7, which makes it easier to
understand which registers can be modified. Also document which
registers hold values which must be preserved.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
The 32-bit conditional branches in Thumb-2 have a shorter range
(+/-512K) than their ARM counterparts (+/-32MB). The linker does
not currently generate trampolines to extend the range of these
Thumb-2 conditional branches, resulting in link errors when vmlinux
is sufficiently large, e.g.:
head.o:(.text+0x464): relocation truncated to fit: R_ARM_THM_JUMP19
This patch forces the longer-range, unconditional branch encoding
by use of an explicit IT instruction. The resulting branches are
triggered on the same conditions as before.
Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Directives such as .long and .word do not magically cause the
assembler location counter to become aligned in gas. As a result,
using these directives in code sections can result in misaligned
data words when building a Thumb-2 kernel (CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL).
This is a Bad Thing, since the ABI permits the compiler to assume
that fundamental types of word size or above are word- aligned when
accessing them from C. If the data is not really word-aligned,
this can cause impaired performance and stray alignment faults in
some circumstances.
In general, the following rules should be applied when using data
word declaration directives inside code sections:
* .quad and .double:
.align 3
* .long, .word, .single, .float:
.align (or .align 2)
* .short:
No explicit alignment required, since Thumb-2
instructions are always 2 or 4 bytes in size.
immediately after an instruction.
Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Since we can get both physical and virtual addresses from the addruart
macro, we can use this to establish the debug mappings.
In the case of CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC, we don't need any mappings, but
may still need to setup r7 correctly.
Incorporating ASM changes from Nicolas Pitre <npitre@fluxnic.net>.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jeremy.kerr@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@deeprootsystems.com>
Add some additional documentation on register usage in __enable_mmu
to help complete the overall picture.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Move these two functions, both of which are required for secondary
CPU booting, into the cpuinit section. Ensure bad processors call
__error_p for better diagnostics, rather than just __error.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
__enable_mmu is required to be executed in an identity mapped region
to ensure that variances in CPUs do not cause a crash. We currently
achieve this by assuming that it will be co-located with
__create_page_tables. With hotplug CPU support, this assumption
becomes invalid. Implement a better solution which ensures that
it will be appropriately mapped no matter where it is placed.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
UP systems do not implement all the instructions that SMP systems have,
so in order to boot a SMP kernel on a UP system, we need to rewrite
parts of the kernel.
Do this using an 'alternatives' scheme, where the kernel code and data
is modified prior to initialization to replace the SMP instructions,
thereby rendering the problematical code ineffectual. We use the linker
to generate a list of 32-bit word locations and their replacement values,
and run through these replacements when we detect a UP system.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This has the consequence of changing the section name used for head
code from ".text.head" to ".head.text". Since this commit changes all
users in the architecture, this change should be harmless.
The .text.head output section is eliminated and the head text code is
included at the start of the .init output section.
Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
This declaration specifies the "function" type and size for various
assembly functions, mainly needed for generating the correct branch
instructions in Thumb-2.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Move the definitions of ATAG_CORE and ATAG_CORE_SIZE in head.S to
head-common.S. There is no use of these in head.S itself, but they
are used in head-common.S. When building for the !CONFIG_MMU case
these were not defined when compiling head-nommu.S (which includes
head-common.S).
Signed-off-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Examines the ATAGS pointer (r2) at boot, and interprets
a nonzero value as a reference to an ATAGS structure. A
suitable ATAGS structure replaces the kernel's command line.
Signed-off-by: Bill Gatliff <bgat@billgatliff.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Commit 86c0baf123 highlighted that we
may end up with the head text placed elsewhere in the kernel image.
Introduce a new .text.head section to contain the initial kernel
startup code, and always place this section at the beginning of the
kernel image.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
