locking/lockdep: Iterate lock_classes directly when reading lockdep files

When dumping lock_classes information via /proc/lockdep, we can't take
the lockdep lock as the lock hold time is indeterminate. Iterating
over all_lock_classes without holding lock can be dangerous as there
is a slight chance that it may branch off to other lists leading to
infinite loop or even access invalid memory if changes are made to
all_lock_classes list in parallel.

To avoid this problem, iteration of lock classes is now done directly
on the lock_classes array itself. The lock_classes_in_use bitmap is
checked to see if the lock class is being used. To avoid iterating
the full array all the times, a new max_lock_class_idx value is added
to track the maximum lock_class index that is currently being used.

We can theoretically take the lockdep lock for iterating all_lock_classes
when other lockdep files (lockdep_stats and lock_stat) are accessed as
the lock hold time will be shorter for them. For consistency, they are
also modified to iterate the lock_classes array directly.

Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220211035526.1329503-2-longman@redhat.com

kernel/locking/lockdep.c

@@ -183,11 +183,9 @@ static DECLARE_BITMAP(list_entries_in_use, MAX_LOCKDEP_ENTRIES);
 static struct hlist_head lock_keys_hash[KEYHASH_SIZE];
 unsigned long nr_lock_classes;
 unsigned long nr_zapped_classes;
-#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
+unsigned long max_lock_class_idx;
-static
-#endif
 struct lock_class lock_classes[MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS];
-static DECLARE_BITMAP(lock_classes_in_use, MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS);
+DECLARE_BITMAP(lock_classes_in_use, MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS);
 
 static inline struct lock_class *hlock_class(struct held_lock *hlock)
 {
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ static inline void lock_release_holdtime(struct held_lock *hlock)
  * elements. These elements are linked together by the lock_entry member in
  * struct lock_class.
  */
-LIST_HEAD(all_lock_classes);
+static LIST_HEAD(all_lock_classes);
 static LIST_HEAD(free_lock_classes);
 
 /**
@@ -1252,6 +1250,7 @@ register_lock_class(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass, int force)
 	struct lockdep_subclass_key *key;
 	struct hlist_head *hash_head;
 	struct lock_class *class;
+	int idx;
 
 	DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 
@@ -1317,6 +1316,9 @@ register_lock_class(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass, int force)
 	 * of classes.
 	 */
 	list_move_tail(&class->lock_entry, &all_lock_classes);
+	idx = class - lock_classes;
+	if (idx > max_lock_class_idx)
+		max_lock_class_idx = idx;
 
 	if (verbose(class)) {
 		graph_unlock();
@@ -6000,6 +6002,8 @@ static void zap_class(struct pending_free *pf, struct lock_class *class)
 		WRITE_ONCE(class->name, NULL);
 		nr_lock_classes--;
 		__clear_bit(class - lock_classes, lock_classes_in_use);
+		if (class - lock_classes == max_lock_class_idx)
+			max_lock_class_idx--;
 	} else {
 		WARN_ONCE(true, "%s() failed for class %s\n", __func__,
 			  class->name);

kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h

@@ -121,7 +121,6 @@ static const unsigned long LOCKF_USED_IN_IRQ_READ =
 
 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAIN_HLOCKS (MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS*5)
 
-extern struct list_head all_lock_classes;
 extern struct lock_chain lock_chains[];
 
 #define LOCK_USAGE_CHARS (2*XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES + 1)
@@ -151,6 +150,10 @@ extern unsigned int nr_large_chain_blocks;
 
 extern unsigned int max_lockdep_depth;
 extern unsigned int max_bfs_queue_depth;
+extern unsigned long max_lock_class_idx;
+
+extern struct lock_class lock_classes[MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS];
+extern unsigned long lock_classes_in_use[];
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
 extern unsigned long lockdep_count_forward_deps(struct lock_class *);
@@ -205,7 +208,6 @@ struct lockdep_stats {
 };
 
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct lockdep_stats, lockdep_stats);
-extern struct lock_class lock_classes[MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS];
 
 #define __debug_atomic_inc(ptr)					\
 	this_cpu_inc(lockdep_stats.ptr);

kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c

@@ -24,14 +24,33 @@
 
 #include "lockdep_internals.h"
 
+/*
+ * Since iteration of lock_classes is done without holding the lockdep lock,
+ * it is not safe to iterate all_lock_classes list directly as the iteration
+ * may branch off to free_lock_classes or the zapped list. Iteration is done
+ * directly on the lock_classes array by checking the lock_classes_in_use
+ * bitmap and max_lock_class_idx.
+ */
+#define iterate_lock_classes(idx, class)				\
+	for (idx = 0, class = lock_classes; idx <= max_lock_class_idx;	\
+	     idx++, class++)
+
 static void *l_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
 {
-	return seq_list_next(v, &all_lock_classes, pos);
+	struct lock_class *class = v;
+
+	++class;
+	*pos = class - lock_classes;
+	return (*pos > max_lock_class_idx) ? NULL : class;
 }
 
 static void *l_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
 {
-	return seq_list_start_head(&all_lock_classes, *pos);
+	unsigned long idx = *pos;
+
+	if (idx > max_lock_class_idx)
+		return NULL;
+	return lock_classes + idx;
 }
 
 static void l_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
@@ -57,14 +76,16 @@ static void print_name(struct seq_file *m, struct lock_class *class)
 
 static int l_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 {
-	struct lock_class *class = list_entry(v, struct lock_class, lock_entry);
+	struct lock_class *class = v;
 	struct lock_list *entry;
 	char usage[LOCK_USAGE_CHARS];
+	int idx = class - lock_classes;
 
-	if (v == &all_lock_classes) {
+	if (v == lock_classes)
 		seq_printf(m, "all lock classes:\n");
+
+	if (!test_bit(idx, lock_classes_in_use))
 		return 0;
-	}
 
 	seq_printf(m, "%p", class->key);
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
@@ -220,8 +241,11 @@ static int lockdep_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
 	struct lock_class *class;
+	unsigned long idx;
 
-	list_for_each_entry(class, &all_lock_classes, lock_entry) {
+	iterate_lock_classes(idx, class) {
+		if (!test_bit(idx, lock_classes_in_use))
+			continue;
 
 		if (class->usage_mask == 0)
 			nr_unused++;
@@ -254,6 +278,7 @@ static int lockdep_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 
 		sum_forward_deps += lockdep_count_forward_deps(class);
 	}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
 	DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(debug_atomic_read(nr_unused_locks) != nr_unused);
 #endif
@@ -345,6 +370,8 @@ static int lockdep_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 	seq_printf(m, " max bfs queue depth:           %11u\n",
 			max_bfs_queue_depth);
 #endif
+	seq_printf(m, " max lock class index:          %11lu\n",
+			max_lock_class_idx);
 	lockdep_stats_debug_show(m);
 	seq_printf(m, " debug_locks:                   %11u\n",
 			debug_locks);
@@ -622,12 +649,16 @@ static int lock_stat_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	if (!res) {
 		struct lock_stat_data *iter = data->stats;
 		struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
+		unsigned long idx;
 
-		list_for_each_entry(class, &all_lock_classes, lock_entry) {
+		iterate_lock_classes(idx, class) {
+			if (!test_bit(idx, lock_classes_in_use))
+				continue;
 			iter->class = class;
 			iter->stats = lock_stats(class);
 			iter++;
 		}
+
 		data->iter_end = iter;
 
 		sort(data->stats, data->iter_end - data->stats,
@@ -645,6 +676,7 @@ static ssize_t lock_stat_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 			       size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
 {
 	struct lock_class *class;
+	unsigned long idx;
 	char c;
 
 	if (count) {
@@ -654,8 +686,11 @@ static ssize_t lock_stat_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 		if (c != '0')
 			return count;
 
-		list_for_each_entry(class, &all_lock_classes, lock_entry)
+		iterate_lock_classes(idx, class) {
+			if (!test_bit(idx, lock_classes_in_use))
+				continue;
 			clear_lock_stats(class);
+		}
 	}
 	return count;
 }