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Merge branches 'sh/pci-express-integration', 'sh/rsk-updates', 'sh/platform-updates' and 'sh/perf_counter'

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This commit is contained in:
Paul Mundt 2009-06-17 16:37:26 +09:00
commit 3d3638da49
3598 changed files with 285759 additions and 81137 deletions
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10
.gitignore vendored
View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
# subdirectories here. Add them in the ".gitignore" file
# in that subdirectory instead.
#
# NOTE! Please use 'git-ls-files -i --exclude-standard'
# NOTE! Please use 'git ls-files -i --exclude-standard'
# command after changing this file, to see if there are
# any tracked files which get ignored after the change.
#
@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
*.elf
*.bin
*.gz
*.lzma
*.patch
#
# Top-level generic files
@ -62,6 +64,12 @@ series
cscope.*
ncscope.*
# gnu global files
GPATH
GRTAGS
GSYMS
GTAGS
*.orig
*~
\#*#

4
CREDITS
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@ -1253,6 +1253,10 @@ S: 8124 Constitution Apt. 7
S: Sterling Heights, Michigan 48313
S: USA
N: Wolfgang Grandegger
E: wg@grandegger.com
D: Controller Area Network (device drivers)
N: William Greathouse
E: wgreathouse@smva.com
E: wgreathouse@myfavoritei.com

4
Documentation/Changes
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with
isdn4k-utils.
o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version
o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ computer.
Make
----
You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel.
You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
Binutils
--------

4
Documentation/CodingStyle
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@ -698,8 +698,8 @@ very often is not. Abundant use of the inline keyword leads to a much bigger
kernel, which in turn slows the system as a whole down, due to a bigger
icache footprint for the CPU and simply because there is less memory
available for the pagecache. Just think about it; a pagecache miss causes a
disk seek, which easily takes 5 miliseconds. There are a LOT of cpu cycles
that can go into these 5 miliseconds.
disk seek, which easily takes 5 milliseconds. There are a LOT of cpu cycles
that can go into these 5 milliseconds.
A reasonable rule of thumb is to not put inline at functions that have more
than 3 lines of code in them. An exception to this rule are the cases where

4
Documentation/DMA-API.txt
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@ -676,8 +676,8 @@ this directory the following files can currently be found:
dma-api/all_errors This file contains a numeric value. If this
value is not equal to zero the debugging code
will print a warning for every error it finds
into the kernel log. Be carefull with this
option. It can easily flood your logs.
into the kernel log. Be careful with this
option, as it can easily flood your logs.
dma-api/disabled This read-only file contains the character 'Y'
if the debugging code is disabled. This can

2
Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl
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@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
number of errors are printk'ed including a full stack trace.
</para>
<para>
The statistics are available via debugfs/debug_objects/stats.
The statistics are available via /sys/kernel/debug/debug_objects/stats.
They provide information about the number of warnings and the
number of successful fixups along with information about the
usage of the internal tracking objects and the state of the

1
Documentation/DocBook/mac80211.tmpl
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@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ usage should require reading the full document.
interface in STA mode at first!
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_init_conf
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_if_conf
</chapter>
<chapter id="rx-tx">

2
Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt
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@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ to another chain) checking the final 'nulls' value if
the lookup met the end of chain. If final 'nulls' value
is not the slot number, then we must restart the lookup at
the beginning. If the object was moved to the same chain,
then the reader doesnt care : It might eventually
then the reader doesn't care : It might eventually
scan the list again without harm.

2
Documentation/SM501.txt
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Copyright 2006, 2007 Simtec Electronics
The Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia companion chip is a multifunction device
which may provide numerous interfaces including USB host controller USB gadget,
Asyncronous Serial ports, Audio functions and a dual display video interface.
asynchronous serial ports, audio functions, and a dual display video interface.
The device may be connected by PCI or local bus with varying functions enabled.
Core

6
Documentation/SubmittingPatches
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@ -187,8 +187,9 @@ Even if the maintainer did not respond in step #4, make sure to ALWAYS
copy the maintainer when you change their code.
For small patches you may want to CC the Trivial Patch Monkey
trivial@kernel.org managed by Jesper Juhl; which collects "trivial"
patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
trivial@kernel.org which collects "trivial" patches. Have a look
into the MAINTAINERS file for its current manager.
Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
Spelling fixes in documentation
Spelling fixes which could break grep(1)
Warning fixes (cluttering with useless warnings is bad)
@ -200,7 +201,6 @@ patches. Trivial patches must qualify for one of the following rules:
since people copy, as long as it's trivial)
Any fix by the author/maintainer of the file (ie. patch monkey
in re-transmission mode)
URL: <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/juhl/trivial/>

3
Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c
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@ -246,7 +246,8 @@ void print_ioacct(struct taskstats *t)
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int c, rc, rep_len, aggr_len, len2, cmd_type;
int c, rc, rep_len, aggr_len, len2;
int cmd_type = TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_UNSPEC;
__u16 id;
__u32 mypid;

10
Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ PIN Numbers
-----------
Each pin has an unique number associated with it in regs-gpio.h,
eg S3C2410_GPA0 or S3C2410_GPF1. These defines are used to tell
eg S3C2410_GPA(0) or S3C2410_GPF(1). These defines are used to tell
the GPIO functions which pin is to be used.
@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ Configuring a pin
Eg:
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPA0, S3C2410_GPA0_ADDR0);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE8, S3C2410_GPE8_SDDAT1);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPA(0), S3C2410_GPA0_ADDR0);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE(8), S3C2410_GPE8_SDDAT1);
which would turn GPA0 into the lowest Address line A0, and set
GPE8 to be connected to the SDIO/MMC controller's SDDAT1 line.
which would turn GPA(0) into the lowest Address line A0, and set
GPE(8) to be connected to the SDIO/MMC controller's SDDAT1 line.
Reading the current configuration

4
Documentation/atomic_ops.txt
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@ -229,10 +229,10 @@ kernel. It is the use of atomic counters to implement reference
counting, and it works such that once the counter falls to zero it can
be guaranteed that no other entity can be accessing the object:
static void obj_list_add(struct obj *obj)
static void obj_list_add(struct obj *obj, struct list_head *head)
{
obj->active = 1;
list_add(&obj->list);
list_add(&obj->list, head);
}
static void obj_list_del(struct obj *obj)

2
Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt
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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ same criteria as reads.
front_merges (bool)
------------
Sometimes it happens that a request enters the io scheduler that is contigious
Sometimes it happens that a request enters the io scheduler that is contiguous
with a request that is already on the queue. Either it fits in the back of that
request, or it fits at the front. That is called either a back merge candidate
or a front merge candidate. Due to the way files are typically laid out,

2
Documentation/braille-console.txt
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ parameter.
For simplicity, only one braille console can be enabled, other uses of
console=brl,... will be discarded. Also note that it does not interfere with
the console selection mecanism described in serial-console.txt
the console selection mechanism described in serial-console.txt
For now, only the VisioBraille device is supported.

2
Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt
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@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Using the pktcdvd debugfs interface
To read pktcdvd device infos in human readable form, do:
# cat /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/info
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/info
For a description of the debugfs interface look into the file:

4
Documentation/dell_rbu.txt
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@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ Do the steps below to download the BIOS image.
The /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries will remain till the following is
done.
echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading.
echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
Until this step is completed the driver cannot be unloaded.
Also echoing either mono ,packet or init in to image_type will free up the
Also echoing either mono, packet or init in to image_type will free up the
memory allocated by the driver.
If a user by accident executes steps 1 and 3 above without executing step 2;

32
Documentation/driver-model/device.txt
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@ -162,3 +162,35 @@ device_remove_file(dev,&dev_attr_power);
The file name will be 'power' with a mode of 0644 (-rw-r--r--).
Word of warning: While the kernel allows device_create_file() and
device_remove_file() to be called on a device at any time, userspace has
strict expectations on when attributes get created. When a new device is
registered in the kernel, a uevent is generated to notify userspace (like
udev) that a new device is available. If attributes are added after the
device is registered, then userspace won't get notified and userspace will
not know about the new attributes.
This is important for device driver that need to publish additional
attributes for a device at driver probe time. If the device driver simply
calls device_create_file() on the device structure passed to it, then
userspace will never be notified of the new attributes. Instead, it should
probably use class_create() and class->dev_attrs to set up a list of
desired attributes in the modules_init function, and then in the .probe()
hook, and then use device_create() to create a new device as a child
of the probed device. The new device will generate a new uevent and
properly advertise the new attributes to userspace.
For example, if a driver wanted to add the following attributes:
struct device_attribute mydriver_attribs[] = {
__ATTR(port_count, 0444, port_count_show),
__ATTR(serial_number, 0444, serial_number_show),
NULL
};
Then in the module init function is would do:
mydriver_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "my_attrs");
mydriver_class.dev_attr = mydriver_attribs;
And assuming 'dev' is the struct device passed into the probe hook, the driver
probe function would do something like:
create_device(&mydriver_class, dev, chrdev, &private_data, "my_name");

2
Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt
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@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ For example, you can do something like the following.
void my_midlayer_destroy_something()
{
devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_soemthing);
devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something);
}

8
Documentation/dvb/get_dvb_firmware
View File

@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ sub tda10045 {
sub tda10046 {
my $sourcefile = "TT_PCI_2.19h_28_11_2006.zip";
my $url = "http://technotrend-online.com/download/software/219/$sourcefile";
my $url = "http://www.tt-download.com/download/updates/219/$sourcefile";
my $hash = "6a7e1e2f2644b162ff0502367553c72d";
my $outfile = "dvb-fe-tda10046.fw";
my $tmpdir = tempdir(DIR => "/tmp", CLEANUP => 1);
@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ sub tda10046 {
}
sub tda10046lifeview {
my $sourcefile = "Drv_2.11.02.zip";
my $url = "http://www.lifeview.com.tw/drivers/pci_card/FlyDVB-T/$sourcefile";
my $sourcefile = "7%5Cdrv_2.11.02.zip";
my $url = "http://www.lifeview.hk/dbimages/document/$sourcefile";
my $hash = "1ea24dee4eea8fe971686981f34fd2e0";
my $outfile = "dvb-fe-tda10046.fw";
my $tmpdir = tempdir(DIR => "/tmp", CLEANUP => 1);
@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ sub nxt2002 {
sub nxt2004 {
my $sourcefile = "AVerTVHD_MCE_A180_Drv_v1.2.2.16.zip";
my $url = "http://www.aver.com/support/Drivers/$sourcefile";
my $url = "http://www.avermedia-usa.com/support/Drivers/$sourcefile";
my $hash = "111cb885b1e009188346d72acfed024c";
my $outfile = "dvb-fe-nxt2004.fw";
my $tmpdir = tempdir(DIR => "/tmp", CLEANUP => 1);

8
Documentation/edac.txt
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@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ first time, it was renamed to 'EDAC'.
The bluesmoke project at sourceforge.net is now utilized as a 'staging area'
for EDAC development, before it is sent upstream to kernel.org
At the bluesmoke/EDAC project site, is a series of quilt patches against
recent kernels, stored in a SVN respository. For easier downloading, there
At the bluesmoke/EDAC project site is a series of quilt patches against
recent kernels, stored in a SVN repository. For easier downloading, there
is also a tarball snapshot available.
============================================================================
@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ the vendor should tie the parity status bits to 0 if they do not intend
to generate parity. Some vendors do not do this, and thus the parity bit
can "float" giving false positives.
In the kernel there is a pci device attribute located in sysfs that is
In the kernel there is a PCI device attribute located in sysfs that is
checked by the EDAC PCI scanning code. If that attribute is set,
PCI parity/error scannining is skipped for that device. The attribute
PCI parity/error scanning is skipped for that device. The attribute
is:
broken_parity_status

70
Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt
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@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ o debugfs entries
fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
- /debug/fail*/probability:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/probability:
likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
Format: <percent>
Note that one-failure-per-hundred is a very high error rate
for some testcases. Consider setting probability=100 and configure
/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
/sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
- /debug/fail*/interval:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval:
specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
@ -46,18 +46,18 @@ configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
probably want to set probability=100.
- /debug/fail*/times:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/times:
specifies how many times failures may happen at most.
A value of -1 means "no limit".
- /debug/fail*/space:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/space:
specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
on each call to should_fail(,size). Failure injection is
suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
- /debug/fail*/verbose
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/verbose
Format: { 0 | 1 | 2 }
specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is
@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
log line per failure; '2' will print a call trace too -- useful
to debug the problems revealed by fault injection.
- /debug/fail*/task-filter:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/task-filter:
Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
A value of 'N' disables filtering by process (default).
Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
/proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
- /debug/fail*/require-start:
- /debug/fail*/require-end:
- /debug/fail*/reject-start:
- /debug/fail*/reject-end:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-start:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-end:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-start:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-end:
specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
stacktrace walking. Failure is injected only if some caller
@ -84,26 +84,26 @@ configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
Default required range is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
Default rejected range is [0,0).
- /debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
for a caller within [require-start,require-end) OR
[reject-start,reject-end).
- /debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' won't inject failures into
highmem/user allocations.
- /debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
- /debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
- /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will inject failures
only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
- /debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
specifies the minimum page allocation order to be injected
failures.
@ -166,13 +166,13 @@ o Inject slab allocation failures into module init/exit code
#!/bin/bash
FAILTYPE=failslab
echo Y > /debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
echo 10 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
echo 100 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
echo -1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/times
echo 0 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/space
echo 2 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
echo 1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
echo Y > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
faulty_system()
{
@ -217,20 +217,20 @@ then
exit 1
fi
cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
echo N > /debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
echo 10 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
echo 100 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
echo -1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/times
echo 0 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/space
echo 2 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
echo 1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
echo 1 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
echo 10 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
trap "echo 0 > /debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
trap "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
echo "Injecting errors into the module $module... (interrupt to stop)"
sleep 1000000

2
Documentation/fb/sh7760fb.txt
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
SH7760/SH7763 integrated LCDC Framebuffer driver
================================================
0. Overwiew
0. Overview
-----------
The SH7760/SH7763 have an integrated LCD Display controller (LCDC) which
supports (in theory) resolutions ranging from 1x1 to 1024x1024,

2
Documentation/fb/vesafb.txt
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@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ There is no way to change the vesafb video mode and/or timings after
booting linux. If you are not happy with the 60 Hz refresh rate, you
have these options:
* configure and load the DOS-Tools for your the graphics board (if
* configure and load the DOS-Tools for the graphics board (if
available) and boot linux with loadlin.
* use a native driver (matroxfb/atyfb) instead if vesafb. If none
is available, write a new one!

7
Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
View File

@ -438,6 +438,13 @@ Why: Superseded by tdfxfb. I2C/DDC support used to live in a separate
Who: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Krzysztof Helt <krzysztof.h1@wp.pl>
---------------------------
What: CONFIG_RFKILL_INPUT
When: 2.6.33
Why: Should be implemented in userspace, policy daemon.
Who: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
----------------------------
What: CONFIG_X86_OLD_MCE

2
Documentation/filesystems/autofs4-mount-control.txt
View File

@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ The call requires an initialized struct autofs_dev_ioctl. There are two
possible variations. Both use the path field set to the path of the mount
point to check and the size field adjusted appropriately. One uses the
ioctlfd field to identify a specific mount point to check while the other
variation uses the path and optionaly arg1 set to an autofs mount type.
variation uses the path and optionally arg1 set to an autofs mount type.
The call returns 1 if this is a mount point and sets arg1 to the device
number of the mount and field arg2 to the relevant super block magic
number (described below) or 0 if it isn't a mountpoint. In both cases

2
Documentation/filesystems/caching/netfs-api.txt
View File

@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ This has the following fields:
have index children.
If this function is not supplied or if it returns NULL then the first
cache in the parent's list will be chosed, or failing that, the first
cache in the parent's list will be chosen, or failing that, the first
cache in the master list.
(4) A function to retrieve an object's key from the netfs [mandatory].

6
Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
View File

@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ max_batch_time=usec Maximum amount of time ext4 should wait for
amount of time (on average) that it takes to
finish committing a transaction. Call this time
the "commit time". If the time that the
transactoin has been running is less than the
transaction has been running is less than the
commit time, ext4 will try sleeping for the
commit time to see if other operations will join
the transaction. The commit time is capped by
@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ noauto_da_alloc replacing existing files via patterns such as
journal commit, in the default data=ordered
mode, the data blocks of the new file are forced
to disk before the rename() operation is
commited. This provides roughly the same level
committed. This provides roughly the same level
of guarantees as ext3, and avoids the
"zero-length" problem that can happen when a
system crashes before the delayed allocation
@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ written to the journal first, and then to its final location.
In the event of a crash, the journal can be replayed, bringing both data and
metadata into a consistent state. This mode is the slowest except when data
needs to be read from and written to disk at the same time where it
outperforms all others modes. Curently ext4 does not have delayed
outperforms all others modes. Currently ext4 does not have delayed
allocation support if this data journalling mode is selected.
References

2
Documentation/filesystems/fiemap.txt
View File

@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ fiemap_check_flags() helper:
int fiemap_check_flags(struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo, u32 fs_flags);
The struct fieinfo should be passed in as recieved from ioctl_fiemap(). The
The struct fieinfo should be passed in as received from ioctl_fiemap(). The
set of fiemap flags which the fs understands should be passed via fs_flags. If
fiemap_check_flags finds invalid user flags, it will place the bad values in
fieinfo->fi_flags and return -EBADR. If the file system gets -EBADR, from

2
Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt
View File

@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Installation
$ sudo cp utils/mount/mount.nfs /sbin/mount.nfs
In this location, mount.nfs will be invoked automatically for NFS mounts
by the system mount commmand.
by the system mount command.
NOTE: mount.nfs and therefore nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater is only needed
on the NFS client machine. You do not need this specific version of

5
Documentation/filesystems/nilfs2.txt
View File

@ -39,9 +39,8 @@ Features which NILFS2 does not support yet:
- extended attributes
- POSIX ACLs
- quotas
- writable snapshots
- remote backup (CDP)
- data integrity
- fsck
- resize
- defragmentation
Mount options

19
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
View File

@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ just those considered 'most important'. The new vectors are:
RES, CAL, TLB -- rescheduling, call and TLB flush interrupts are
sent from one CPU to another per the needs of the OS. Typically,
their statistics are used by kernel developers and interested users to
determine the occurance of interrupt of the given type.
determine the occurrence of interrupts of the given type.
The above IRQ vectors are displayed only when relevent. For example,
the threshold vector does not exist on x86_64 platforms. Others are
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ Committed_AS: The amount of memory presently allocated on the system.
memory once that memory has been successfully allocated.
VmallocTotal: total size of vmalloc memory area
VmallocUsed: amount of vmalloc area which is used
VmallocChunk: largest contigious block of vmalloc area which is free
VmallocChunk: largest contiguous block of vmalloc area which is free
..............................................................................
@ -1003,11 +1003,13 @@ CHAPTER 3: PER-PROCESS PARAMETERS
3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score
------------------------------------------------------
This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which processes
should be killed in an out-of-memory situation. Giving it a high score will
increase the likelihood of this process being killed by the oom-killer. Valid
values are in the range -16 to +15, plus the special value -17, which disables
oom-killing altogether for this process.
This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which processes should
be killed in an out-of-memory situation. The oom_adj value is a characteristic
of the task's mm, so all threads that share an mm with pid will have the same
oom_adj value. A high value will increase the likelihood of this process being
killed by the oom-killer. Valid values are in the range -16 to +15 as
explained below and a special value of -17, which disables oom-killing
altogether for threads sharing pid's mm.
The process to be killed in an out-of-memory situation is selected among all others
based on its badness score. This value equals the original memory size of the process
@ -1021,6 +1023,9 @@ the parent's score if they do not share the same memory. Thus forking servers
are the prime candidates to be killed. Having only one 'hungry' child will make
parent less preferable than the child.
/proc/<pid>/oom_adj cannot be changed for kthreads since they are immune from
oom-killing already.
/proc/<pid>/oom_score shows process' current badness score.
The following heuristics are then applied:

2
Documentation/filesystems/sysfs-pci.txt
View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ The 'rom' file is special in that it provides read-only access to the device's
ROM file, if available. It's disabled by default, however, so applications
should write the string "1" to the file to enable it before attempting a read
call, and disable it following the access by writing "0" to the file. Note
that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data succesfully.
that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data successfully.
In the event a driver is not bound to the device, it can be enabled using the
'enable' file, documented above.

13
Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt
View File

@ -124,14 +124,19 @@ sys_immutable -- If set, ATTR_SYS attribute on FAT is handled as
flush -- If set, the filesystem will try to flush to disk more
early than normal. Not set by default.
rodir -- FAT has the ATTR_RO (read-only) attribute. But on Windows,
the ATTR_RO of the directory will be just ignored actually,
and is used by only applications as flag. E.g. it's setted
for the customized folder.
rodir -- FAT has the ATTR_RO (read-only) attribute. On Windows,
the ATTR_RO of the directory will just be ignored,
and is used only by applications as a flag (e.g. it's set
for the customized folder).
If you want to use ATTR_RO as read-only flag even for
the directory, set this option.
errors=panic|continue|remount-ro
-- specify FAT behavior on critical errors: panic, continue
without doing anything or remount the partition in
read-only mode (default behavior).
<bool>: 0,1,yes,no,true,false
TODO

3
Documentation/firmware_class/README
View File

@ -77,7 +77,8 @@
seconds for the whole load operation.
- request_firmware_nowait() is also provided for convenience in
non-user contexts.
user contexts to request firmware asynchronously, but can't be called
in atomic contexts.
about in-kernel persistence:

2
Documentation/gpio.txt
View File

@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ debugfs interface, since it provides control over GPIO direction and
value instead of just showing a gpio state summary. Plus, it could be
present on production systems without debugging support.
Given approprate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
Given appropriate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
know for example that GPIO #23 controls the write protect line used to
protect boot loader segments in flash memory. System upgrade procedures
may need to temporarily remove that protection, first importing a GPIO,

12
Documentation/hwmon/f71882fg
View File

@ -2,14 +2,18 @@ Kernel driver f71882fg
======================
Supported chips:
* Fintek F71882FG and F71883FG
Prefix: 'f71882fg'
* Fintek F71858FG
Prefix: 'f71858fg'
Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
Datasheet: Available from the Fintek website
* Fintek F71862FG and F71863FG
Prefix: 'f71862fg'
Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
Datasheet: Available from the Fintek website
* Fintek F71882FG and F71883FG
Prefix: 'f71882fg'
Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
Datasheet: Available from the Fintek website
* Fintek F8000
Prefix: 'f8000'
Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
@ -66,13 +70,13 @@ printed when loading the driver.
Three different fan control modes are supported; the mode number is written
to the pwm#_enable file. Note that not all modes are supported on all
chips, and some modes may only be available in RPM / PWM mode on the F8000.
chips, and some modes may only be available in RPM / PWM mode.
Writing an unsupported mode will result in an invalid parameter error.
* 1: Manual mode
You ask for a specific PWM duty cycle / DC voltage or a specific % of
fan#_full_speed by writing to the pwm# file. This mode is only
available on the F8000 if the fan channel is in RPM mode.
available on the F71858FG / F8000 if the fan channel is in RPM mode.
* 2: Normal auto mode
You can define a number of temperature/fan speed trip points, which % the

2
Documentation/hwmon/ibmaem
View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ henceforth as AEM.
Supported systems:
* Any recent IBM System X server with AEM support.
This includes the x3350, x3550, x3650, x3655, x3755, x3850 M2,
x3950 M2, and certain HS2x/LS2x/QS2x blades. The IPMI host interface
x3950 M2, and certain HC10/HS2x/LS2x/QS2x blades. The IPMI host interface
driver ("ipmi-si") needs to be loaded for this driver to do anything.
Prefix: 'ibmaem'
Datasheet: Not available

19
Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface
View File

@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ are interpreted as 0! For more on how written strings are interpreted see the
[0-*] denotes any positive number starting from 0
[1-*] denotes any positive number starting from 1
RO read only value
WO write only value
RW read/write value
Read/write values may be read-only for some chips, depending on the
@ -295,6 +296,24 @@ temp[1-*]_label Suggested temperature channel label.
user-space.
RO
temp[1-*]_lowest
Historical minimum temperature
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RO
temp[1-*]_highest
Historical maximum temperature
Unit: millidegree Celsius
RO
temp[1-*]_reset_history
Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest
WO
temp_reset_history
Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest for all sensors
WO
Some chips measure temperature using external thermistors and an ADC, and
report the temperature measurement as a voltage. Converting this voltage
back to a temperature (or the other way around for limits) requires

42
Documentation/hwmon/tmp401 Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
Kernel driver tmp401
====================
Supported chips:
* Texas Instruments TMP401
Prefix: 'tmp401'
Addresses scanned: I2C 0x4c
Datasheet: http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tmp401.html
* Texas Instruments TMP411
Prefix: 'tmp411'
Addresses scanned: I2C 0x4c
Datasheet: http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tmp411.html
Authors:
Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Andre Prendel <andre.prendel@gmx.de>
Description
-----------
This driver implements support for Texas Instruments TMP401 and
TMP411 chips. These chips implements one remote and one local
temperature sensor. Temperature is measured in degrees
Celsius. Resolution of the remote sensor is 0.0625 degree. Local
sensor resolution can be set to 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 or 0.0625 degree (not
supported by the driver so far, so using the default resolution of 0.5
degree).
The driver provides the common sysfs-interface for temperatures (see
/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface under Temperatures).
The TMP411 chip is compatible with TMP401. It provides some additional
features.
* Minimum and Maximum temperature measured since power-on, chip-reset
Exported via sysfs attributes tempX_lowest and tempX_highest.
* Reset of historical minimum/maximum temperature measurements
Exported via sysfs attribute temp_reset_history. Writing 1 to this
file triggers a reset.

11
Documentation/hwmon/w83627ehf
View File

@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ Supported chips:
Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers
Datasheet:
http://www.nuvoton.com.tw/NR/rdonlyres/7885623D-A487-4CF9-A47F-30C5F73D6FE6/0/W83627DHG.pdf
* Winbond W83627DHG-P
Prefix: 'w83627dhg'
Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers
Datasheet: not available
* Winbond W83667HG
Prefix: 'w83667hg'
Addresses scanned: ISA address retrieved from Super I/O registers
@ -28,8 +32,8 @@ Description
-----------
This driver implements support for the Winbond W83627EHF, W83627EHG,
W83627DHG and W83667HG super I/O chips. We will refer to them collectively
as Winbond chips.
W83627DHG, W83627DHG-P and W83667HG super I/O chips. We will refer to them
collectively as Winbond chips.
The chips implement three temperature sensors, five fan rotation
speed sensors, ten analog voltage sensors (only nine for the 627DHG), one
@ -135,3 +139,6 @@ done in the driver for all register addresses.
The DHG also supports PECI, where the DHG queries Intel CPU temperatures, and
the ICH8 southbridge gets that data via PECI from the DHG, so that the
southbridge drives the fans. And the DHG supports SST, a one-wire serial bus.
The DHG-P has an additional automatic fan speed control mode named Smart Fan
(TM) III+. This mode is not yet supported by the driver.

4
Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro
View File

@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ Supported adapters:
* VIA Technologies, Inc. VX800/VX820
Datasheet: available on http://linux.via.com.tw
* VIA Technologies, Inc. VX855/VX875
Datasheet: Availability unknown
Authors:
Kyösti Mälkki <kmalkki@cc.hut.fi>,
Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>,
@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ Your lspci -n listing must show one of these :
device 1106:3287 (VT8251)
device 1106:8324 (CX700)
device 1106:8353 (VX800/VX820)
device 1106:8409 (VX855/VX875)
If none of these show up, you should look in the BIOS for settings like
enable ACPI / SMBus or even USB.

29
Documentation/isdn/00-INDEX
View File

@ -22,16 +22,11 @@ README.gigaset
- info on the drivers for Siemens Gigaset ISDN adapters.
README.icn
- info on the ICN-ISDN-card and its driver.
>>>>>>> 93af7aca44f0e82e67bda10a0fb73d383edcc8bd:Documentation/isdn/00-INDEX
README.HiSax
- info on the HiSax driver which replaces the old teles.
README.hfc-pci
- info on hfc-pci based cards.
README.pcbit
- info on the PCBIT-D ISDN adapter and driver.
README.syncppp
- info on running Sync PPP over ISDN.
syncPPP.FAQ
- frequently asked questions about running PPP over ISDN.
README.audio
- info for running audio over ISDN.
README.avmb1
- info on driver for AVM-B1 ISDN card.
README.act2000
@ -42,10 +37,28 @@ README.concap
- info on "CONCAP" encapsulation protocol interface used for X.25.
README.diversion
- info on module for isdn diversion services.
README.fax
- info for using Fax over ISDN.
README.gigaset
- info on the drivers for Siemens Gigaset ISDN adapters
README.hfc-pci
- info on hfc-pci based cards.
README.hysdn
- info on driver for Hypercope active HYSDN cards
README.icn
- info on the ICN-ISDN-card and its driver.
README.mISDN
- info on the Modular ISDN subsystem (mISDN)
README.pcbit
- info on the PCBIT-D ISDN adapter and driver.
README.sc
- info on driver for Spellcaster cards.
README.syncppp
- info on running Sync PPP over ISDN.
README.x25
- info for running X.25 over ISDN.
syncPPP.FAQ
- frequently asked questions about running PPP over ISDN.
README.hysdn
- info on driver for Hypercope active HYSDN cards
README.mISDN

94
Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.CAPI
View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ From then on, Kernel CAPI may call the registered callback functions for the
device.
If the device becomes unusable for any reason (shutdown, disconnect ...), the
driver has to call capi_ctr_reseted(). This will prevent further calls to the
driver has to call capi_ctr_down(). This will prevent further calls to the
callback functions by Kernel CAPI.
@ -114,20 +114,36 @@ char *driver_name
int (*load_firmware)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, capiloaddata *ldata)
(optional) pointer to a callback function for sending firmware and
configuration data to the device
Return value: 0 on success, error code on error
Called in process context.
void (*reset_ctr)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
pointer to a callback function for performing a reset on the device,
releasing all registered applications
(optional) pointer to a callback function for performing a reset on
the device, releasing all registered applications
Called in process context.
void (*register_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid,
capi_register_params *rparam)
void (*release_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid)
pointers to callback functions for registration and deregistration of
applications with the device
Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
one call to any of them is active at any time.
u16 (*send_message)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, struct sk_buff *skb)
pointer to a callback function for sending a CAPI message to the
device
Return value: CAPI error code
If the method returns 0 (CAPI_NOERROR) the driver has taken ownership
of the skb and the caller may no longer access it. If it returns a
non-zero (error) value then ownership of the skb returns to the caller
who may reuse or free it.
The return value should only be used to signal problems with respect
to accepting or queueing the message. Errors occurring during the
actual processing of the message should be signaled with an
appropriate reply message.
Calls to this function are not serialized by Kernel CAPI, ie. it must
be prepared to be re-entered.
char *(*procinfo)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
pointer to a callback function returning the entry for the device in
@ -138,6 +154,8 @@ read_proc_t *ctr_read_proc
system entry, /proc/capi/controllers/<n>; will be called with a
pointer to the device's capi_ctr structure as the last (data) argument
Note: Callback functions are never called in interrupt context.
- to be filled in before calling capi_ctr_ready():
u8 manu[CAPI_MANUFACTURER_LEN]
@ -153,6 +171,45 @@ u8 serial[CAPI_SERIAL_LEN]
value to return for CAPI_GET_SERIAL
4.3 The _cmsg Structure
(declared in <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>)
The _cmsg structure stores the contents of a CAPI 2.0 message in an easily
accessible form. It contains members for all possible CAPI 2.0 parameters, of
which only those appearing in the message type currently being processed are
actually used. Unused members should be set to zero.
Members are named after the CAPI 2.0 standard names of the parameters they
represent. See <linux/isdn/capiutil.h> for the exact spelling. Member data
types are:
u8 for CAPI parameters of type 'byte'
u16 for CAPI parameters of type 'word'
u32 for CAPI parameters of type 'dword'
_cstruct for CAPI parameters of type 'struct' not containing any
variably-sized (struct) subparameters (eg. 'Called Party Number')
The member is a pointer to a buffer containing the parameter in
CAPI encoding (length + content). It may also be NULL, which will
be taken to represent an empty (zero length) parameter.
_cmstruct for CAPI parameters of type 'struct' containing 'struct'
subparameters ('Additional Info' and 'B Protocol')
The representation is a single byte containing one of the values:
CAPI_DEFAULT: the parameter is empty
CAPI_COMPOSE: the values of the subparameters are stored
individually in the corresponding _cmsg structure members
Functions capi_cmsg2message() and capi_message2cmsg() are provided to convert
messages between their transport encoding described in the CAPI 2.0 standard
and their _cmsg structure representation. Note that capi_cmsg2message() does
not know or check the size of its destination buffer. The caller must make
sure it is big enough to accomodate the resulting CAPI message.
5. Lower Layer Interface Functions
(declared in <linux/isdn/capilli.h>)
@ -166,7 +223,7 @@ int detach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
register/unregister a device (controller) with Kernel CAPI
void capi_ctr_ready(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
void capi_ctr_reseted(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
void capi_ctr_down(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
signal controller ready/not ready
void capi_ctr_suspend_output(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
@ -211,3 +268,32 @@ CAPIMSG_CONTROL(m) CAPIMSG_SETCONTROL(m, contr) Controller/PLCI/NCCI
(u32)
CAPIMSG_DATALEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETDATALEN(m, len) Data Length (u16)
Library functions for working with _cmsg structures
(from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
unsigned capi_cmsg2message(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)
Assembles a CAPI 2.0 message from the parameters in *cmsg, storing the
result in *msg.
unsigned capi_message2cmsg(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)
Disassembles the CAPI 2.0 message in *msg, storing the parameters in
*cmsg.
unsigned capi_cmsg_header(_cmsg *cmsg, u16 ApplId, u8 Command, u8 Subcommand,
u16 Messagenumber, u32 Controller)
Fills the header part and address field of the _cmsg structure *cmsg
with the given values, zeroing the remainder of the structure so only
parameters with non-default values need to be changed before sending
the message.
void capi_cmsg_answer(_cmsg *cmsg)
Sets the low bit of the Subcommand field in *cmsg, thereby converting
_REQ to _CONF and _IND to _RESP.
char *capi_cmd2str(u8 Command, u8 Subcommand)
Returns the CAPI 2.0 message name corresponding to the given command
and subcommand values, as a static ASCII string. The return value may
be NULL if the command/subcommand is not one of those defined in the
CAPI 2.0 standard.

40
Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset
View File

@ -149,10 +149,8 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver
configuration files and chat scripts in the gigaset-VERSION/ppp directory
in the driver packages from http://sourceforge.net/projects/gigaset307x/.
Please note that the USB drivers are not able to change the state of the
control lines (the M105 driver can be configured to use some undocumented
control requests, if you really need the control lines, though). This means
you must use "Stupid Mode" if you are using wvdial or you should use the
nocrtscts option of pppd.
control lines. This means you must use "Stupid Mode" if you are using
wvdial or you should use the nocrtscts option of pppd.
You must also assure that the ppp_async module is loaded with the parameter
flag_time=0. You can do this e.g. by adding a line like
@ -190,20 +188,19 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver
You can also use /sys/class/tty/ttyGxy/cidmode for changing the CID mode
setting (ttyGxy is ttyGU0 or ttyGB0).
2.6. M105 Undocumented USB Requests
------------------------------
The Gigaset M105 USB data box understands a couple of useful, but
undocumented USB commands. These requests are not used in normal
operation (for wireless access to the base), but are needed for access
to the M105's own configuration mode (registration to the base, baudrate
and line format settings, device status queries) via the gigacontr
utility. Their use is controlled by the kernel configuration option
"Support for undocumented USB requests" (CONFIG_GIGASET_UNDOCREQ). If you
encounter error code -ENOTTY when trying to use some features of the
M105, try setting that option to "y" via 'make {x,menu}config' and
recompiling the driver.
2.6. Unregistered Wireless Devices (M101/M105)
-----------------------------------------
The main purpose of the ser_gigaset and usb_gigaset drivers is to allow
the M101 and M105 wireless devices to be used as ISDN devices for ISDN
connections through a Gigaset base. Therefore they assume that the device
is registered to a DECT base.
If the M101/M105 device is not registered to a base, initialization of
the device fails, and a corresponding error message is logged by the
driver. In that situation, a restricted set of functions is available
which includes, in particular, those necessary for registering the device
to a base or for switching it between Fixed Part and Portable Part
modes.
3. Troubleshooting
---------------
@ -234,11 +231,12 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver
Select Unimodem mode for all DECT data adapters. (see section 2.4.)
Problem:
You want to configure your USB DECT data adapter (M105) but gigacontr
reports an error: "/dev/ttyGU0: Inappropriate ioctl for device".
Messages like this:
usb_gigaset 3-2:1.0: Could not initialize the device.
appear in your syslog.
Solution:
Recompile the usb_gigaset driver with the kernel configuration option
CONFIG_GIGASET_UNDOCREQ set to 'y'. (see section 2.6.)
Check whether your M10x wireless device is correctly registered to the
Gigaset base. (see section 2.6.)
3.2. Telling the driver to provide more information
----------------------------------------------

152
Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt
View File

@ -35,6 +35,79 @@ new .config files to see the differences:
(Yes, we need something better here.)
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for '*config'
KCONFIG_CONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
file name to override the default name of ".config".
KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------
If this environment variable exists and is non-null, the timestamp line
in generated .config files is omitted.
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for '{allyes/allmod/allno/rand}config'
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
--------------------------------------------------
The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can
also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a
filename that contains config symbols that the user requires to be
set to a specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a
filename, "make *config" checks for a file named
"all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command
that was used) for symbol values that are to be forced. If this file
is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced
values.
This enables you to create "miniature" config (miniconfig) or custom
config files containing just the config symbols that you are interested
in. Then the kernel config system generates the full .config file,
including symbols of your miniconfig file.
This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols. These variable
settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
Examples:
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
or
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
or
make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
mini-config files.
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for 'silentoldconfig'
KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
--------------------------------------------------
If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
config udpates (requires explicit updates).
KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"auto.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"autoconf.h" (header) file. Its default value is "include/linux/autoconf.h".
======================================================================
menuconfig
@ -60,10 +133,11 @@ Searching in menuconfig:
/^hotplug
______________________________________________________________________
Color Themes for 'menuconfig'
User interface options for 'menuconfig'
MENUCONFIG_COLOR
--------------------------------------------------
It is possible to select different color themes using the variable
MENUCONFIG_COLOR. To select a theme use:
@ -75,83 +149,13 @@ Available themes are:
classic => theme with blue background. The classic look
bluetitle => a LCD friendly version of classic. (default)
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables in 'menuconfig'
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
--------------------------------------------------
The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can
also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a
filename that contains config symbols that the user requires to be
set to a specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a
filename, "make *config" checks for a file named
"all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" (corresponding to the *config command
that was used) for symbol values that are to be forced. If this file
is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced
values.
This enables you to create "miniature" config (miniconfig) or custom
config files containing just the config symbols that you are interested
in. Then the kernel config system generates the full .config file,
including dependencies of your miniconfig file, based on the miniconfig
file.
This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols. These variable
settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
Examples:
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
or
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
or
make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
mini-config files.
KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
--------------------------------------------------
If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
config udpates (requires explicit updates).
KCONFIG_CONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
file name to override the default name of ".config".
KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------
If this environment variable exists and is non-null, the timestamp line
in generated .config files is omitted.
KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"auto.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
--------------------------------------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"autoconf.h" (header) file. Its default value is "include/linux/autoconf.h".
______________________________________________________________________
menuconfig User Interface Options
----------------------------------------------------------------------
MENUCONFIG_MODE
--------------------------------------------------
This mode shows all sub-menus in one large tree.
Example:
MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu make menuconfig
make MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu menuconfig
======================================================================
xconfig

2
Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt
View File

@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ following files:
KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build
all::
$(MAKE) -C $KERNELDIR M=`pwd` $@
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=`pwd` $@
# Module specific targets
genbin:

4
Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt
View File

@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ There are two possible methods of using Kdump.
2) Or use the system kernel binary itself as dump-capture kernel and there is
no need to build a separate dump-capture kernel. This is possible
only with the architecutres which support a relocatable kernel. As
only with the architectures which support a relocatable kernel. As
of today, i386, x86_64, ppc64 and ia64 architectures support relocatable
kernel.
@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Dump-capture kernel config options (Arch Dependent, ia64)
----------------------------------------------------------
- No specific options are required to create a dump-capture kernel
for ia64, other than those specified in the arch idependent section
for ia64, other than those specified in the arch independent section
above. This means that it is possible to use the system kernel
as a dump-capture kernel if desired.

15
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
View File

@ -491,6 +491,13 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
some critical bits.
cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
a hypervisor.
Default: yes
code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
in an oops report.
Range: 0 - 8192
@ -539,6 +546,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
console=brl,ttyS0
For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
disables the blank timer.
coredump_filter=
[KNL] Change the default value for
/proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
@ -1073,7 +1084,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
kgdboc= [HW] kgdb over consoles.
Requires a tty driver that supports console polling.
(only serial suported for now)
(only serial supported for now)
Format: <serial_device>[,baud]
kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
@ -1402,7 +1413,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continous chunk
used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]

773
Documentation/kmemcheck.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
GETTING STARTED WITH KMEMCHECK
==============================
Vegard Nossum <vegardno@ifi.uio.no>
Contents
========
0. Introduction
1. Downloading
2. Configuring and compiling
3. How to use
3.1. Booting
3.2. Run-time enable/disable
3.3. Debugging
3.4. Annotating false positives
4. Reporting errors
5. Technical description
0. Introduction
===============
kmemcheck is a debugging feature for the Linux Kernel. More specifically, it
is a dynamic checker that detects and warns about some uses of uninitialized
memory.
Userspace programmers might be familiar with Valgrind's memcheck. The main
difference between memcheck and kmemcheck is that memcheck works for userspace
programs only, and kmemcheck works for the kernel only. The implementations
are of course vastly different. Because of this, kmemcheck is not as accurate
as memcheck, but it turns out to be good enough in practice to discover real
programmer errors that the compiler is not able to find through static
analysis.
Enabling kmemcheck on a kernel will probably slow it down to the extent that
the machine will not be usable for normal workloads such as e.g. an
interactive desktop. kmemcheck will also cause the kernel to use about twice
as much memory as normal. For this reason, kmemcheck is strictly a debugging
feature.
1. Downloading
==============
kmemcheck can only be downloaded using git. If you want to write patches
against the current code, you should use the kmemcheck development branch of
the tip tree. It is also possible to use the linux-next tree, which also
includes the latest version of kmemcheck.
Assuming that you've already cloned the linux-2.6.git repository, all you
have to do is add the -tip tree as a remote, like this:
$ git remote add tip git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip.git
To actually download the tree, fetch the remote:
$ git fetch tip
And to check out a new local branch with the kmemcheck code:
$ git checkout -b kmemcheck tip/kmemcheck
General instructions for the -tip tree can be found here:
http://people.redhat.com/mingo/tip.git/readme.txt
2. Configuring and compiling
============================
kmemcheck only works for the x86 (both 32- and 64-bit) platform. A number of
configuration variables must have specific settings in order for the kmemcheck
menu to even appear in "menuconfig". These are:
o CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=n
This option is located under "General setup" / "Optimize for size".
Without this, gcc will use certain optimizations that usually lead to
false positive warnings from kmemcheck. An example of this is a 16-bit
field in a struct, where gcc may load 32 bits, then discard the upper
16 bits. kmemcheck sees only the 32-bit load, and may trigger a
warning for the upper 16 bits (if they're uninitialized).
o CONFIG_SLAB=y or CONFIG_SLUB=y
This option is located under "General setup" / "Choose SLAB
allocator".
o CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER=n
This option is located under "Kernel hacking" / "Tracers" / "Kernel
Function Tracer"
When function tracing is compiled in, gcc emits a call to another
function at the beginning of every function. This means that when the
page fault handler is called, the ftrace framework will be called
before kmemcheck has had a chance to handle the fault. If ftrace then
modifies memory that was tracked by kmemcheck, the result is an
endless recursive page fault.
o CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC=n
This option is located under "Kernel hacking" / "Debug page memory
allocations".
In addition, I highly recommend turning on CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y. This is also
located under "Kernel hacking". With this, you will be able to get line number
information from the kmemcheck warnings, which is extremely valuable in
debugging a problem. This option is not mandatory, however, because it slows
down the compilation process and produces a much bigger kernel image.
Now the kmemcheck menu should be visible (under "Kernel hacking" / "kmemcheck:
trap use of uninitialized memory"). Here follows a description of the
kmemcheck configuration variables:
o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
This must be enabled in order to use kmemcheck at all...
o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_[DISABLED | ENABLED | ONESHOT]_BY_DEFAULT
This option controls the status of kmemcheck at boot-time. "Enabled"
will enable kmemcheck right from the start, "disabled" will boot the
kernel as normal (but with the kmemcheck code compiled in, so it can
be enabled at run-time after the kernel has booted), and "one-shot" is
a special mode which will turn kmemcheck off automatically after
detecting the first use of uninitialized memory.
If you are using kmemcheck to actively debug a problem, then you
probably want to choose "enabled" here.
The one-shot mode is mostly useful in automated test setups because it
can prevent floods of warnings and increase the chances of the machine
surviving in case something is really wrong. In other cases, the one-
shot mode could actually be counter-productive because it would turn
itself off at the very first error -- in the case of a false positive
too -- and this would come in the way of debugging the specific
problem you were interested in.
If you would like to use your kernel as normal, but with a chance to
enable kmemcheck in case of some problem, it might be a good idea to
choose "disabled" here. When kmemcheck is disabled, most of the run-
time overhead is not incurred, and the kernel will be almost as fast
as normal.
o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_QUEUE_SIZE
Select the maximum number of error reports to store in an internal
(fixed-size) buffer. Since errors can occur virtually anywhere and in
any context, we need a temporary storage area which is guaranteed not
to generate any other page faults when accessed. The queue will be
emptied as soon as a tasklet may be scheduled. If the queue is full,
new error reports will be lost.
The default value of 64 is probably fine. If some code produces more
than 64 errors within an irqs-off section, then the code is likely to
produce many, many more, too, and these additional reports seldom give
any more information (the first report is usually the most valuable
anyway).
This number might have to be adjusted if you are not using serial
console or similar to capture the kernel log. If you are using the
"dmesg" command to save the log, then getting a lot of kmemcheck
warnings might overflow the kernel log itself, and the earlier reports
will get lost in that way instead. Try setting this to 10 or so on
such a setup.
o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_SHADOW_COPY_SHIFT
Select the number of shadow bytes to save along with each entry of the
error-report queue. These bytes indicate what parts of an allocation
are initialized, uninitialized, etc. and will be displayed when an
error is detected to help the debugging of a particular problem.
The number entered here is actually the logarithm of the number of
bytes that will be saved. So if you pick for example 5 here, kmemcheck
will save 2^5 = 32 bytes.
The default value should be fine for debugging most problems. It also
fits nicely within 80 columns.
o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_PARTIAL_OK
This option (when enabled) works around certain GCC optimizations that
produce 32-bit reads from 16-bit variables where the upper 16 bits are
thrown away afterwards.
The default value (enabled) is recommended. This may of course hide
some real errors, but disabling it would probably produce a lot of
false positives.
o CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_BITOPS_OK
This option silences warnings that would be generated for bit-field
accesses where not all the bits are initialized at the same time. This
may also hide some real bugs.
This option is probably obsolete, or it should be replaced with
the kmemcheck-/bitfield-annotations for the code in question. The
default value is therefore fine.
Now compile the kernel as usual.
3. How to use
=============
3.1. Booting
============
First some information about the command-line options. There is only one
option specific to kmemcheck, and this is called "kmemcheck". It can be used
to override the default mode as chosen by the CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_*_BY_DEFAULT
option. Its possible settings are:
o kmemcheck=0 (disabled)
o kmemcheck=1 (enabled)
o kmemcheck=2 (one-shot mode)
If SLUB debugging has been enabled in the kernel, it may take precedence over
kmemcheck in such a way that the slab caches which are under SLUB debugging
will not be tracked by kmemcheck. In order to ensure that this doesn't happen
(even though it shouldn't by default), use SLUB's boot option "slub_debug",
like this: slub_debug=-
In fact, this option may also be used for fine-grained control over SLUB vs.
kmemcheck. For example, if the command line includes "kmemcheck=1
slub_debug=,dentry", then SLUB debugging will be used only for the "dentry"
slab cache, and with kmemcheck tracking all the other caches. This is advanced
usage, however, and is not generally recommended.
3.2. Run-time enable/disable
============================
When the kernel has booted, it is possible to enable or disable kmemcheck at
run-time. WARNING: This feature is still experimental and may cause false
positive warnings to appear. Therefore, try not to use this. If you find that
it doesn't work properly (e.g. you see an unreasonable amount of warnings), I
will be happy to take bug reports.
Use the file /proc/sys/kernel/kmemcheck for this purpose, e.g.:
$ echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/kmemcheck # disables kmemcheck
The numbers are the same as for the kmemcheck= command-line option.
3.3. Debugging
==============
A typical report will look something like this:
WARNING: kmemcheck: Caught 32-bit read from uninitialized memory (ffff88003e4a2024)
80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
^
Pid: 1856, comm: ntpdate Not tainted 2.6.29-rc5 #264 945P-A
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8104ede8>] [<ffffffff8104ede8>] __dequeue_signal+0xc8/0x190
RSP: 0018:ffff88003cdf7d98 EFLAGS: 00210002
RAX: 0000000000000030 RBX: ffff88003d4ea968 RCX: 0000000000000009
RDX: ffff88003e5d6018 RSI: ffff88003e5d6024 RDI: ffff88003cdf7e84
RBP: ffff88003cdf7db8 R08: ffff88003e5d6000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 000000000000000e
R13: ffff88003cdf7e78 R14: ffff88003d530710 R15: ffff88003d5a98c8
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff880001982000(0063) knlGS:00000
CS: 0010 DS: 002b ES: 002b CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: ffff88003f806ea0 CR3: 000000003c036000 CR4: 00000000000006a0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff4ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[<ffffffff8104f04e>] dequeue_signal+0x8e/0x170
[<ffffffff81050bd8>] get_signal_to_deliver+0x98/0x390
[<ffffffff8100b87d>] do_notify_resume+0xad/0x7d0
[<ffffffff8100c7b5>] int_signal+0x12/0x17
[<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
The single most valuable information in this report is the RIP (or EIP on 32-
bit) value. This will help us pinpoint exactly which instruction that caused
the warning.
If your kernel was compiled with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y, then all we have to do
is give this address to the addr2line program, like this:
$ addr2line -e vmlinux -i ffffffff8104ede8
arch/x86/include/asm/string_64.h:12
include/asm-generic/siginfo.h:287
kernel/signal.c:380
kernel/signal.c:410
The "-e vmlinux" tells addr2line which file to look in. IMPORTANT: This must
be the vmlinux of the kernel that produced the warning in the first place! If
not, the line number information will almost certainly be wrong.
The "-i" tells addr2line to also print the line numbers of inlined functions.
In this case, the flag was very important, because otherwise, it would only
have printed the first line, which is just a call to memcpy(), which could be
called from a thousand places in the kernel, and is therefore not very useful.
These inlined functions would not show up in the stack trace above, simply
because the kernel doesn't load the extra debugging information. This
technique can of course be used with ordinary kernel oopses as well.
In this case, it's the caller of memcpy() that is interesting, and it can be
found in include/asm-generic/siginfo.h, line 287:
281 static inline void copy_siginfo(struct siginfo *to, struct siginfo *from)
282 {
283 if (from->si_code < 0)
284 memcpy(to, from, sizeof(*to));
285 else
286 /* _sigchld is currently the largest know union member */
287 memcpy(to, from, __ARCH_SI_PREAMBLE_SIZE + sizeof(from->_sifields._sigchld));
288 }
Since this was a read (kmemcheck usually warns about reads only, though it can
warn about writes to unallocated or freed memory as well), it was probably the
"from" argument which contained some uninitialized bytes. Following the chain
of calls, we move upwards to see where "from" was allocated or initialized,
kernel/signal.c, line 380:
359 static void collect_signal(int sig, struct sigpending *list, siginfo_t *info)
360 {
...
367 list_for_each_entry(q, &list->list, list) {
368 if (q->info.si_signo == sig) {
369 if (first)
370 goto still_pending;
371 first = q;
...
377 if (first) {
378 still_pending:
379 list_del_init(&first->list);
380 copy_siginfo(info, &first->info);
381 __sigqueue_free(first);
...
392 }
393 }
Here, it is &first->info that is being passed on to copy_siginfo(). The
variable "first" was found on a list -- passed in as the second argument to
collect_signal(). We continue our journey through the stack, to figure out
where the item on "list" was allocated or initialized. We move to line 410:
395 static int __dequeue_signal(struct sigpending *pending, sigset_t *mask,
396 siginfo_t *info)
397 {
...
410 collect_signal(sig, pending, info);
...
414 }
Now we need to follow the "pending" pointer, since that is being passed on to
collect_signal() as "list". At this point, we've run out of lines from the
"addr2line" output. Not to worry, we just paste the next addresses from the
kmemcheck stack dump, i.e.:
[<ffffffff8104f04e>] dequeue_signal+0x8e/0x170
[<ffffffff81050bd8>] get_signal_to_deliver+0x98/0x390
[<ffffffff8100b87d>] do_notify_resume+0xad/0x7d0
[<ffffffff8100c7b5>] int_signal+0x12/0x17
$ addr2line -e vmlinux -i ffffffff8104f04e ffffffff81050bd8 \
ffffffff8100b87d ffffffff8100c7b5
kernel/signal.c:446
kernel/signal.c:1806
arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:805
arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:871
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:694
Remember that since these addresses were found on the stack and not as the
RIP value, they actually point to the _next_ instruction (they are return
addresses). This becomes obvious when we look at the code for line 446:
422 int dequeue_signal(struct task_struct *tsk, sigset_t *mask, siginfo_t *info)
423 {
...
431 signr = __dequeue_signal(&tsk->signal->shared_pending,
432 mask, info);
433 /*
434 * itimer signal ?
435 *
436 * itimers are process shared and we restart periodic
437 * itimers in the signal delivery path to prevent DoS
438 * attacks in the high resolution timer case. This is
439 * compliant with the old way of self restarting
440 * itimers, as the SIGALRM is a legacy signal and only
441 * queued once. Changing the restart behaviour to
442 * restart the timer in the signal dequeue path is
443 * reducing the timer noise on heavy loaded !highres
444 * systems too.
445 */
446 if (unlikely(signr == SIGALRM)) {
...
489 }
So instead of looking at 446, we should be looking at 431, which is the line
that executes just before 446. Here we see that what we are looking for is
&tsk->signal->shared_pending.
Our next task is now to figure out which function that puts items on this
"shared_pending" list. A crude, but efficient tool, is git grep:
$ git grep -n 'shared_pending' kernel/
...
kernel/signal.c:828: pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
kernel/signal.c:1339: pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
...
There were more results, but none of them were related to list operations,
and these were the only assignments. We inspect the line numbers more closely
and find that this is indeed where items are being added to the list:
816 static int send_signal(int sig, struct siginfo *info, struct task_struct *t,
817 int group)
818 {
...
828 pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
...
851 q = __sigqueue_alloc(t, GFP_ATOMIC, (sig < SIGRTMIN &&
852 (is_si_special(info) ||
853 info->si_code >= 0)));
854 if (q) {
855 list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
...
890 }
and:
1309 int send_sigqueue(struct sigqueue *q, struct task_struct *t, int group)
1310 {
....
1339 pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
1340 list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
....
1347 }
In the first case, the list element we are looking for, "q", is being returned
from the function __sigqueue_alloc(), which looks like an allocation function.
Let's take a look at it:
187 static struct sigqueue *__sigqueue_alloc(struct task_struct *t, gfp_t flags,
188 int override_rlimit)
189 {
190 struct sigqueue *q = NULL;
191 struct user_struct *user;
192
193 /*
194 * We won't get problems with the target's UID changing under us
195 * because changing it requires RCU be used, and if t != current, the
196 * caller must be holding the RCU readlock (by way of a spinlock) and
197 * we use RCU protection here
198 */
199 user = get_uid(__task_cred(t)->user);
200 atomic_inc(&user->sigpending);
201 if (override_rlimit ||
202 atomic_read(&user->sigpending) <=
203 t->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING].rlim_cur)
204 q = kmem_cache_alloc(sigqueue_cachep, flags);
205 if (unlikely(q == NULL)) {
206 atomic_dec(&user->sigpending);
207 free_uid(user);
208 } else {
209 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->list);
210 q->flags = 0;
211 q->user = user;
212 }
213
214 return q;
215 }
We see that this function initializes q->list, q->flags, and q->user. It seems
that now is the time to look at the definition of "struct sigqueue", e.g.:
14 struct sigqueue {
15 struct list_head list;
16 int flags;
17 siginfo_t info;
18 struct user_struct *user;
19 };
And, you might remember, it was a memcpy() on &first->info that caused the
warning, so this makes perfect sense. It also seems reasonable to assume that
it is the caller of __sigqueue_alloc() that has the responsibility of filling
out (initializing) this member.
But just which fields of the struct were uninitialized? Let's look at
kmemcheck's report again:
WARNING: kmemcheck: Caught 32-bit read from uninitialized memory (ffff88003e4a2024)
80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
^
These first two lines are the memory dump of the memory object itself, and the
shadow bytemap, respectively. The memory object itself is in this case
&first->info. Just beware that the start of this dump is NOT the start of the
object itself! The position of the caret (^) corresponds with the address of
the read (ffff88003e4a2024).
The shadow bytemap dump legend is as follows:
i - initialized
u - uninitialized
a - unallocated (memory has been allocated by the slab layer, but has not
yet been handed off to anybody)
f - freed (memory has been allocated by the slab layer, but has been freed
by the previous owner)
In order to figure out where (relative to the start of the object) the
uninitialized memory was located, we have to look at the disassembly. For
that, we'll need the RIP address again:
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8104ede8>] [<ffffffff8104ede8>] __dequeue_signal+0xc8/0x190
$ objdump -d --no-show-raw-insn vmlinux | grep -C 8 ffffffff8104ede8:
ffffffff8104edc8: mov %r8,0x8(%r8)
ffffffff8104edcc: test %r10d,%r10d
ffffffff8104edcf: js ffffffff8104ee88 <__dequeue_signal+0x168>
ffffffff8104edd5: mov %rax,%rdx
ffffffff8104edd8: mov $0xc,%ecx
ffffffff8104eddd: mov %r13,%rdi
ffffffff8104ede0: mov $0x30,%eax
ffffffff8104ede5: mov %rdx,%rsi
ffffffff8104ede8: rep movsl %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
ffffffff8104edea: test $0x2,%al
ffffffff8104edec: je ffffffff8104edf0 <__dequeue_signal+0xd0>
ffffffff8104edee: movsw %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
ffffffff8104edf0: test $0x1,%al
ffffffff8104edf2: je ffffffff8104edf5 <__dequeue_signal+0xd5>
ffffffff8104edf4: movsb %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
ffffffff8104edf5: mov %r8,%rdi
ffffffff8104edf8: callq ffffffff8104de60 <__sigqueue_free>
As expected, it's the "rep movsl" instruction from the memcpy() that causes
the warning. We know about REP MOVSL that it uses the register RCX to count
the number of remaining iterations. By taking a look at the register dump
again (from the kmemcheck report), we can figure out how many bytes were left
to copy:
RAX: 0000000000000030 RBX: ffff88003d4ea968 RCX: 0000000000000009
By looking at the disassembly, we also see that %ecx is being loaded with the
value $0xc just before (ffffffff8104edd8), so we are very lucky. Keep in mind
that this is the number of iterations, not bytes. And since this is a "long"
operation, we need to multiply by 4 to get the number of bytes. So this means
that the uninitialized value was encountered at 4 * (0xc - 0x9) = 12 bytes
from the start of the object.
We can now try to figure out which field of the "struct siginfo" that was not
initialized. This is the beginning of the struct:
40 typedef struct siginfo {
41 int si_signo;
42 int si_errno;
43 int si_code;
44
45 union {
..
92 } _sifields;
93 } siginfo_t;
On 64-bit, the int is 4 bytes long, so it must the the union member that has
not been initialized. We can verify this using gdb:
$ gdb vmlinux
...
(gdb) p &((struct siginfo *) 0)->_sifields
$1 = (union {...} *) 0x10
Actually, it seems that the union member is located at offset 0x10 -- which
means that gcc has inserted 4 bytes of padding between the members si_code
and _sifields. We can now get a fuller picture of the memory dump:
_----------------------------=> si_code
/ _--------------------=> (padding)
| / _------------=> _sifields(._kill._pid)
| | / _----=> _sifields(._kill._uid)
| | | /
-------|-------|-------|-------|
80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
This allows us to realize another important fact: si_code contains the value
0x80. Remember that x86 is little endian, so the first 4 bytes "80000000" are
really the number 0x00000080. With a bit of research, we find that this is
actually the constant SI_KERNEL defined in include/asm-generic/siginfo.h:
144 #define SI_KERNEL 0x80 /* sent by the kernel from somewhere */
This macro is used in exactly one place in the x86 kernel: In send_signal()
in kernel/signal.c:
816 static int send_signal(int sig, struct siginfo *info, struct task_struct *t,
817 int group)
818 {
...
828 pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
...
851 q = __sigqueue_alloc(t, GFP_ATOMIC, (sig < SIGRTMIN &&
852 (is_si_special(info) ||
853 info->si_code >= 0)));
854 if (q) {
855 list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
856 switch ((unsigned long) info) {
...
865 case (unsigned long) SEND_SIG_PRIV:
866 q->info.si_signo = sig;
867 q->info.si_errno = 0;
868 q->info.si_code = SI_KERNEL;
869 q->info.si_pid = 0;
870 q->info.si_uid = 0;
871 break;
...
890 }
Not only does this match with the .si_code member, it also matches the place
we found earlier when looking for where siginfo_t objects are enqueued on the
"shared_pending" list.
So to sum up: It seems that it is the padding introduced by the compiler
between two struct fields that is uninitialized, and this gets reported when
we do a memcpy() on the struct. This means that we have identified a false
positive warning.
Normally, kmemcheck will not report uninitialized accesses in memcpy() calls
when both the source and destination addresses are tracked. (Instead, we copy
the shadow bytemap as well). In this case, the destination address clearly
was not tracked. We can dig a little deeper into the stack trace from above:
arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:805
arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:871
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:694
And we clearly see that the destination siginfo object is located on the
stack:
782 static void do_signal(struct pt_regs *regs)
783 {
784 struct k_sigaction ka;
785 siginfo_t info;
...
804 signr = get_signal_to_deliver(&info, &ka, regs, NULL);
...
854 }
And this &info is what eventually gets passed to copy_siginfo() as the
destination argument.
Now, even though we didn't find an actual error here, the example is still a
good one, because it shows how one would go about to find out what the report
was all about.
3.4. Annotating false positives
===============================
There are a few different ways to make annotations in the source code that
will keep kmemcheck from checking and reporting certain allocations. Here
they are:
o __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE
This flag can be passed to kmalloc() or kmem_cache_alloc() (therefore
also to other functions that end up calling one of these) to indicate
that the allocation should not be tracked because it would lead to
a false positive report. This is a "big hammer" way of silencing
kmemcheck; after all, even if the false positive pertains to
particular field in a struct, for example, we will now lose the
ability to find (real) errors in other parts of the same struct.
Example:
/* No warnings will ever trigger on accessing any part of x */
x = kmalloc(sizeof *x, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE);
o kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(name)/kmemcheck_bitfield_end(name) and
kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(ptr, name)
The first two of these three macros can be used inside struct
definitions to signal, respectively, the beginning and end of a
bitfield. Additionally, this will assign the bitfield a name, which
is given as an argument to the macros.
Having used these markers, one can later use
kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield() at the point of allocation, to indicate
which parts of the allocation is part of a bitfield.
Example:
struct foo {
int x;
kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags);
int flag_a:1;
int flag_b:1;
kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags);
int y;
};
struct foo *x = kmalloc(sizeof *x);
/* No warnings will trigger on accessing the bitfield of x */
kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(x, flags);
Note that kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield() can be used even before the
return value of kmalloc() is checked -- in other words, passing NULL
as the first argument is legal (and will do nothing).
4. Reporting errors
===================
As we have seen, kmemcheck will produce false positive reports. Therefore, it
is not very wise to blindly post kmemcheck warnings to mailing lists and
maintainers. Instead, I encourage maintainers and developers to find errors
in their own code. If you get a warning, you can try to work around it, try
to figure out if it's a real error or not, or simply ignore it. Most
developers know their own code and will quickly and efficiently determine the
root cause of a kmemcheck report. This is therefore also the most efficient
way to work with kmemcheck.
That said, we (the kmemcheck maintainers) will always be on the lookout for
false positives that we can annotate and silence. So whatever you find,
please drop us a note privately! Kernel configs and steps to reproduce (if
available) are of course a great help too.
Happy hacking!
5. Technical description
========================
kmemcheck works by marking memory pages non-present. This means that whenever
somebody attempts to access the page, a page fault is generated. The page
fault handler notices that the page was in fact only hidden, and so it calls
on the kmemcheck code to make further investigations.
When the investigations are completed, kmemcheck "shows" the page by marking
it present (as it would be under normal circumstances). This way, the
interrupted code can continue as usual.
But after the instruction has been executed, we should hide the page again, so
that we can catch the next access too! Now kmemcheck makes use of a debugging
feature of the processor, namely single-stepping. When the processor has
finished the one instruction that generated the memory access, a debug
exception is raised. From here, we simply hide the page again and continue
execution, this time with the single-stepping feature turned off.
kmemcheck requires some assistance from the memory allocator in order to work.
The memory allocator needs to
1. Tell kmemcheck about newly allocated pages and pages that are about to
be freed. This allows kmemcheck to set up and tear down the shadow memory
for the pages in question. The shadow memory stores the status of each
byte in the allocation proper, e.g. whether it is initialized or
uninitialized.
2. Tell kmemcheck which parts of memory should be marked uninitialized.
There are actually a few more states, such as "not yet allocated" and
"recently freed".
If a slab cache is set up using the SLAB_NOTRACK flag, it will never return
memory that can take page faults because of kmemcheck.
If a slab cache is NOT set up using the SLAB_NOTRACK flag, callers can still
request memory with the __GFP_NOTRACK or __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE flags.
This does not prevent the page faults from occurring, however, but marks the
object in question as being initialized so that no warnings will ever be
produced for this object.
Currently, the SLAB and SLUB allocators are supported by kmemcheck.

2
Documentation/kobject.txt
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@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ kobject_name():
const char *kobject_name(const struct kobject * kobj);
There is a helper function to both initialize and add the kobject to the
kernel at the same time, called supprisingly enough kobject_init_and_add():
kernel at the same time, called surprisingly enough kobject_init_and_add():
int kobject_init_and_add(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_type *ktype,
struct kobject *parent, const char *fmt, ...);

6
Documentation/kprobes.txt
View File

@ -507,9 +507,9 @@ http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/linuxsymposium_procv2.pdf (pages 101-115)
Appendix A: The kprobes debugfs interface
With recent kernels (> 2.6.20) the list of registered kprobes is visible
under the /debug/kprobes/ directory (assuming debugfs is mounted at /debug).
under the /sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/ directory (assuming debugfs is mounted at //sys/kernel/debug).
/debug/kprobes/list: Lists all registered probes on the system
/sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/list: Lists all registered probes on the system
c015d71a k vfs_read+0x0
c011a316 j do_fork+0x0
@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ virtual addresses that correspond to modules that've been unloaded),
such probes are marked with [GONE]. If the probe is temporarily disabled,
such probes are marked with [DISABLED].
/debug/kprobes/enabled: Turn kprobes ON/OFF forcibly.
/sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/enabled: Turn kprobes ON/OFF forcibly.
Provides a knob to globally and forcibly turn registered kprobes ON or OFF.
By default, all kprobes are enabled. By echoing "0" to this file, all

2
Documentation/laptops/acer-wmi.txt
View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ NOTE: The Acer Aspire One is not supported hardware. It cannot work with
acer-wmi until Acer fix their ACPI-WMI implementation on them, so has been
blacklisted until that happens.
Please see the website for the current list of known working hardare:
Please see the website for the current list of known working hardware:
http://code.google.com/p/aceracpi/wiki/SupportedHardware

2
Documentation/laptops/sony-laptop.txt
View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ If your laptop model supports it, you will find sysfs files in the
/sys/class/backlight/sony/
directory. You will be able to query and set the current screen
brightness:
brightness get/set screen brightness (an iteger
brightness get/set screen brightness (an integer
between 0 and 7)
actual_brightness reading from this file will query the HW
to get real brightness value

2
Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt
View File

@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ generate input device EV_KEY events.
In addition to the EV_KEY events, thinkpad-acpi may also issue EV_SW
events for switches:
SW_RFKILL_ALL T60 and later hardare rfkill rocker switch
SW_RFKILL_ALL T60 and later hardware rfkill rocker switch
SW_TABLET_MODE Tablet ThinkPads HKEY events 0x5009 and 0x500A
Non hot-key ACPI HKEY event map:

2
Documentation/local_ops.txt
View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ out of order wrt other memory writes by the owner CPU.
It can be done by slightly modifying the standard atomic operations : only
their UP variant must be kept. It typically means removing LOCK prefix (on
i386 and x86_64) and any SMP sychronization barrier. If the architecture does
i386 and x86_64) and any SMP synchronization barrier. If the architecture does
not have a different behavior between SMP and UP, including asm-generic/local.h
in your architecture's local.h is sufficient.

8
Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt
View File

@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ this phase is triggered automatically. ACPI can notify this event. If not,
(see Section 4.).
Logical Memory Hotplug phase is to change memory state into
avaiable/unavailable for users. Amount of memory from user's view is
available/unavailable for users. Amount of memory from user's view is
changed by this phase. The kernel makes all memory in it as free pages
when a memory range is available.
In this document, this phase is described as online/offline.
Logical Memory Hotplug phase is triggred by write of sysfs file by system
Logical Memory Hotplug phase is triggered by write of sysfs file by system
administrator. For the hot-add case, it must be executed after Physical Hotplug
phase by hand.
(However, if you writes udev's hotplug scripts for memory hotplug, these
@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ MEMORY_CANCEL_ONLINE
Generated if MEMORY_GOING_ONLINE fails.
MEMORY_ONLINE
Generated when memory has succesfully brought online. The callback may
Generated when memory has successfully brought online. The callback may
allocate pages from the new memory.
MEMORY_GOING_OFFLINE
@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ The third argument is passed by pointer of struct memory_notify.
struct memory_notify {
unsigned long start_pfn;
unsigned long nr_pages;
int status_cahnge_nid;
int status_change_nid;
}
start_pfn is start_pfn of online/offline memory.

2
Documentation/mn10300/ABI.txt
View File

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ registers and the stack. If the first argument is a 64-bit value, it will be
passed in D0:D1. If the first argument is not a 64-bit value, but the second
is, the second will be passed entirely on the stack and D1 will be unused.
Arguments smaller than 32-bits are not coelesced within a register or a stack
Arguments smaller than 32-bits are not coalesced within a register or a stack
word. For example, two byte-sized arguments will always be passed in separate
registers or word-sized stack slots.

12
Documentation/mtd/nand_ecc.txt
View File

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ byte 255: bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 rp1 rp3 rp5 ... rp15
cp5 cp5 cp5 cp5 cp4 cp4 cp4 cp4
This figure represents a sector of 256 bytes.
cp is my abbreviaton for column parity, rp for row parity.
cp is my abbreviation for column parity, rp for row parity.
Let's start to explain column parity.
cp0 is the parity that belongs to all bit0, bit2, bit4, bit6.
@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Measuring this code again showed big gain. When executing the original
linux code 1 million times, this took about 1 second on my system.
(using time to measure the performance). After this iteration I was back
to 0.075 sec. Actually I had to decide to start measuring over 10
million interations in order not to loose too much accuracy. This one
million iterations in order not to lose too much accuracy. This one
definitely seemed to be the jackpot!
There is a little bit more room for improvement though. There are three
@ -571,8 +571,8 @@ loop; This eliminates 3 statements per loop. Of course after the loop we
need to correct by adding:
rp4 ^= rp4_6;
rp6 ^= rp4_6
Furthermore there are 4 sequential assingments to rp8. This can be
encoded slightly more efficient by saving tmppar before those 4 lines
Furthermore there are 4 sequential assignments to rp8. This can be
encoded slightly more efficiently by saving tmppar before those 4 lines
and later do rp8 = rp8 ^ tmppar ^ notrp8;
(where notrp8 is the value of rp8 before those 4 lines).
Again a use of the commutative property of xor.
@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ Not a big change, but every penny counts :-)
Analysis 7
==========
Acutally this made things worse. Not very much, but I don't want to move
Actually this made things worse. Not very much, but I don't want to move
into the wrong direction. Maybe something to investigate later. Could
have to do with caching again.
@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ Analysis 8
This makes things worse. Let's stick with attempt 6 and continue from there.
Although it seems that the code within the loop cannot be optimised
further there is still room to optimize the generation of the ecc codes.
We can simply calcualate the total parity. If this is 0 then rp4 = rp5
We can simply calculate the total parity. If this is 0 then rp4 = rp5
etc. If the parity is 1, then rp4 = !rp5;
But if rp4 = rp5 we do not need rp5 etc. We can just write the even bits
in the result byte and then do something like

6
Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
View File

@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ ad_select
- Any slave's 802.3ad association state changes
- The bond's adminstrative state changes to up
- The bond's administrative state changes to up
count or 2
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ fail_over_mac
When this policy is used in conjuction with the mii
monitor, devices which assert link up prior to being
able to actually transmit and receive are particularly
susecptible to loss of the gratuitous ARP, and an
susceptible to loss of the gratuitous ARP, and an
appropriate updelay setting may be required.
follow or 2
@ -1794,7 +1794,7 @@ target to query.
generally referred to as "trunk failover." This is a feature of the
switch that causes the link state of a particular switch port to be set
down (or up) when the state of another switch port goes down (or up).
It's purpose is to propogate link failures from logically "exterior" ports
Its purpose is to propagate link failures from logically "exterior" ports
to the logically "interior" ports that bonding is able to monitor via
miimon. Availability and configuration for trunk failover varies by
switch, but this can be a viable alternative to the ARP monitor when using

231
Documentation/networking/can.txt
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@ -36,10 +36,15 @@ This file contains
6.2 local loopback of sent frames
6.3 CAN controller hardware filters
6.4 The virtual CAN driver (vcan)
6.5 currently supported CAN hardware
6.6 todo
6.5 The CAN network device driver interface
6.5.1 Netlink interface to set/get devices properties
6.5.2 Setting the CAN bit-timing
6.5.3 Starting and stopping the CAN network device
6.6 supported CAN hardware
7 Credits
7 Socket CAN resources
8 Credits
============================================================================
@ -234,6 +239,8 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
the user application using the common CAN filter mechanisms. Inside
this filter definition the (interested) type of errors may be
selected. The reception of error frames is disabled by default.
The format of the CAN error frame is briefly decribed in the Linux
header file "include/linux/can/error.h".
4. How to use Socket CAN
------------------------
@ -327,7 +334,7 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
return 1;
}
/* paraniod check ... */
/* paranoid check ... */
if (nbytes < sizeof(struct can_frame)) {
fprintf(stderr, "read: incomplete CAN frame\n");
return 1;
@ -605,61 +612,213 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
removal of vcan network devices can be managed with the ip(8) tool:
- Create a virtual CAN network interface:
ip link add type vcan
$ ip link add type vcan
- Create a virtual CAN network interface with a specific name 'vcan42':
ip link add dev vcan42 type vcan
$ ip link add dev vcan42 type vcan
- Remove a (virtual CAN) network interface 'vcan42':
ip link del vcan42
$ ip link del vcan42
The tool 'vcan' from the SocketCAN SVN repository on BerliOS is obsolete.
6.5 The CAN network device driver interface
Virtual CAN network device creation in older Kernels:
In Linux Kernel versions < 2.6.24 the vcan driver creates 4 vcan
netdevices at module load time by default. This value can be changed
with the module parameter 'numdev'. E.g. 'modprobe vcan numdev=8'
The CAN network device driver interface provides a generic interface
to setup, configure and monitor CAN network devices. The user can then
configure the CAN device, like setting the bit-timing parameters, via
the netlink interface using the program "ip" from the "IPROUTE2"
utility suite. The following chapter describes briefly how to use it.
Furthermore, the interface uses a common data structure and exports a
set of common functions, which all real CAN network device drivers
should use. Please have a look to the SJA1000 or MSCAN driver to
understand how to use them. The name of the module is can-dev.ko.
6.5 currently supported CAN hardware
6.5.1 Netlink interface to set/get devices properties
On the project website http://developer.berlios.de/projects/socketcan
there are different drivers available:
The CAN device must be configured via netlink interface. The supported
netlink message types are defined and briefly described in
"include/linux/can/netlink.h". CAN link support for the program "ip"
of the IPROUTE2 utility suite is avaiable and it can be used as shown
below:
vcan: Virtual CAN interface driver (if no real hardware is available)
sja1000: Philips SJA1000 CAN controller (recommended)
i82527: Intel i82527 CAN controller
mscan: Motorola/Freescale CAN controller (e.g. inside SOC MPC5200)
ccan: CCAN controller core (e.g. inside SOC h7202)
slcan: For a bunch of CAN adaptors that are attached via a
serial line ASCII protocol (for serial / USB adaptors)
- Setting CAN device properties:
Additionally the different CAN adaptors (ISA/PCI/PCMCIA/USB/Parport)
from PEAK Systemtechnik support the CAN netdevice driver model
since Linux driver v6.0: http://www.peak-system.com/linux/index.htm
$ ip link set can0 type can help
Usage: ip link set DEVICE type can
[ bitrate BITRATE [ sample-point SAMPLE-POINT] ] |
[ tq TQ prop-seg PROP_SEG phase-seg1 PHASE-SEG1
phase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [ sjw SJW ] ]
Please check the Mailing Lists on the berlios OSS project website.
[ loopback { on | off } ]
[ listen-only { on | off } ]
[ triple-sampling { on | off } ]
6.6 todo
[ restart-ms TIME-MS ]
[ restart ]
The configuration interface for CAN network drivers is still an open
issue that has not been finalized in the socketcan project. Also the
idea of having a library module (candev.ko) that holds functions
that are needed by all CAN netdevices is not ready to ship.
Your contribution is welcome.
Where: BITRATE := { 1..1000000 }
SAMPLE-POINT := { 0.000..0.999 }
TQ := { NUMBER }
PROP-SEG := { 1..8 }
PHASE-SEG1 := { 1..8 }
PHASE-SEG2 := { 1..8 }
SJW := { 1..4 }
RESTART-MS := { 0 | NUMBER }
7. Credits
- Display CAN device details and statistics:
$ ip -details -statistics link show can0
2: can0: <NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP,ECHO> mtu 16 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 10
link/can
can <TRIPLE-SAMPLING> state ERROR-ACTIVE restart-ms 100
bitrate 125000 sample_point 0.875
tq 125 prop-seg 6 phase-seg1 7 phase-seg2 2 sjw 1
sja1000: tseg1 1..16 tseg2 1..8 sjw 1..4 brp 1..64 brp-inc 1
clock 8000000
re-started bus-errors arbit-lost error-warn error-pass bus-off
41 17457 0 41 42 41
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
140859 17608 17457 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
861 112 0 41 0 0
More info to the above output:
"<TRIPLE-SAMPLING>"
Shows the list of selected CAN controller modes: LOOPBACK,
LISTEN-ONLY, or TRIPLE-SAMPLING.
"state ERROR-ACTIVE"
The current state of the CAN controller: "ERROR-ACTIVE",
"ERROR-WARNING", "ERROR-PASSIVE", "BUS-OFF" or "STOPPED"
"restart-ms 100"
Automatic restart delay time. If set to a non-zero value, a
restart of the CAN controller will be triggered automatically
in case of a bus-off condition after the specified delay time
in milliseconds. By default it's off.
"bitrate 125000 sample_point 0.875"
Shows the real bit-rate in bits/sec and the sample-point in the
range 0.000..0.999. If the calculation of bit-timing parameters
is enabled in the kernel (CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING=y), the
bit-timing can be defined by setting the "bitrate" argument.
Optionally the "sample-point" can be specified. By default it's
0.000 assuming CIA-recommended sample-points.
"tq 125 prop-seg 6 phase-seg1 7 phase-seg2 2 sjw 1"
Shows the time quanta in ns, propagation segment, phase buffer
segment 1 and 2 and the synchronisation jump width in units of
tq. They allow to define the CAN bit-timing in a hardware
independent format as proposed by the Bosch CAN 2.0 spec (see
chapter 8 of http://www.semiconductors.bosch.de/pdf/can2spec.pdf).
"sja1000: tseg1 1..16 tseg2 1..8 sjw 1..4 brp 1..64 brp-inc 1
clock 8000000"
Shows the bit-timing constants of the CAN controller, here the
"sja1000". The minimum and maximum values of the time segment 1
and 2, the synchronisation jump width in units of tq, the
bitrate pre-scaler and the CAN system clock frequency in Hz.
These constants could be used for user-defined (non-standard)
bit-timing calculation algorithms in user-space.
"re-started bus-errors arbit-lost error-warn error-pass bus-off"
Shows the number of restarts, bus and arbitration lost errors,
and the state changes to the error-warning, error-passive and
bus-off state. RX overrun errors are listed in the "overrun"
field of the standard network statistics.
6.5.2 Setting the CAN bit-timing
The CAN bit-timing parameters can always be defined in a hardware
independent format as proposed in the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification
specifying the arguments "tq", "prop_seg", "phase_seg1", "phase_seg2"
and "sjw":
$ ip link set canX type can tq 125 prop-seg 6 \
phase-seg1 7 phase-seg2 2 sjw 1
If the kernel option CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING is enabled, CIA
recommended CAN bit-timing parameters will be calculated if the bit-
rate is specified with the argument "bitrate":
$ ip link set canX type can bitrate 125000
Note that this works fine for the most common CAN controllers with
standard bit-rates but may *fail* for exotic bit-rates or CAN system
clock frequencies. Disabling CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING saves some
space and allows user-space tools to solely determine and set the
bit-timing parameters. The CAN controller specific bit-timing
constants can be used for that purpose. They are listed by the
following command:
$ ip -details link show can0
...
sja1000: clock 8000000 tseg1 1..16 tseg2 1..8 sjw 1..4 brp 1..64 brp-inc 1
6.5.3 Starting and stopping the CAN network device
A CAN network device is started or stopped as usual with the command
"ifconfig canX up/down" or "ip link set canX up/down". Be aware that
you *must* define proper bit-timing parameters for real CAN devices
before you can start it to avoid error-prone default settings:
$ ip link set canX up type can bitrate 125000
A device may enter the "bus-off" state if too much errors occurred on
the CAN bus. Then no more messages are received or sent. An automatic
bus-off recovery can be enabled by setting the "restart-ms" to a
non-zero value, e.g.:
$ ip link set canX type can restart-ms 100
Alternatively, the application may realize the "bus-off" condition
by monitoring CAN error frames and do a restart when appropriate with
the command:
$ ip link set canX type can restart
Note that a restart will also create a CAN error frame (see also
chapter 3.4).
6.6 Supported CAN hardware
Please check the "Kconfig" file in "drivers/net/can" to get an actual
list of the support CAN hardware. On the Socket CAN project website
(see chapter 7) there might be further drivers available, also for
older kernel versions.
7. Socket CAN resources
-----------------------
You can find further resources for Socket CAN like user space tools,
support for old kernel versions, more drivers, mailing lists, etc.
at the BerliOS OSS project website for Socket CAN:
http://developer.berlios.de/projects/socketcan
If you have questions, bug fixes, etc., don't hesitate to post them to
the Socketcan-Users mailing list. But please search the archives first.
8. Credits
----------
Oliver Hartkopp (PF_CAN core, filters, drivers, bcm)
Oliver Hartkopp (PF_CAN core, filters, drivers, bcm, SJA1000 driver)
Urs Thuermann (PF_CAN core, kernel integration, socket interfaces, raw, vcan)
Jan Kizka (RT-SocketCAN core, Socket-API reconciliation)
Wolfgang Grandegger (RT-SocketCAN core & drivers, Raw Socket-API reviews)
Wolfgang Grandegger (RT-SocketCAN core & drivers, Raw Socket-API reviews,
CAN device driver interface, MSCAN driver)
Robert Schwebel (design reviews, PTXdist integration)
Marc Kleine-Budde (design reviews, Kernel 2.6 cleanups, drivers)
Benedikt Spranger (reviews)
Thomas Gleixner (LKML reviews, coding style, posting hints)
Andrey Volkov (kernel subtree structure, ioctls, mscan driver)
Andrey Volkov (kernel subtree structure, ioctls, MSCAN driver)
Matthias Brukner (first SJA1000 CAN netdevice implementation Q2/2003)
Klaus Hitschler (PEAK driver integration)
Uwe Koppe (CAN netdevices with PF_PACKET approach)
Michael Schulze (driver layer loopback requirement, RT CAN drivers review)
Pavel Pisa (Bit-timing calculation)
Sascha Hauer (SJA1000 platform driver)
Sebastian Haas (SJA1000 EMS PCI driver)
Markus Plessing (SJA1000 EMS PCI driver)
Per Dalen (SJA1000 Kvaser PCI driver)
Sam Ravnborg (reviews, coding style, kbuild help)

2
Documentation/networking/dm9000.txt
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@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ PHY Link state polling
----------------------
The driver keeps track of the link state and informs the network core
about link (carrier) availablilty. This is managed by several methods
about link (carrier) availability. This is managed by several methods
depending on the version of the chip and on which PHY is being used.
For the internal PHY, the original (and currently default) method is

76
Documentation/networking/ieee802154.txt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
Linux IEEE 802.15.4 implementation
Introduction
============
The Linux-ZigBee project goal is to provide complete implementation
of IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee / 6LoWPAN protocols. IEEE 802.15.4 is a stack
of protocols for organizing Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks.
Currently only IEEE 802.15.4 layer is implemented. We have choosen
to use plain Berkeley socket API, the generic Linux networking stack
to transfer IEEE 802.15.4 messages and a special protocol over genetlink
for configuration/management
Socket API
==========
int sd = socket(PF_IEEE802154, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
.....
The address family, socket addresses etc. are defined in the
include/net/ieee802154/af_ieee802154.h header or in the special header
in our userspace package (see either linux-zigbee sourceforge download page
or git tree at git://linux-zigbee.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/linux-zigbee).
One can use SOCK_RAW for passing raw data towards device xmit function. YMMV.
MLME - MAC Level Management
============================
Most of IEEE 802.15.4 MLME interfaces are directly mapped on netlink commands.
See the include/net/ieee802154/nl802154.h header. Our userspace tools package
(see above) provides CLI configuration utility for radio interfaces and simple
coordinator for IEEE 802.15.4 networks as an example users of MLME protocol.
Kernel side
=============
Like with WiFi, there are several types of devices implementing IEEE 802.15.4.
1) 'HardMAC'. The MAC layer is implemented in the device itself, the device
exports MLME and data API.
2) 'SoftMAC' or just radio. These types of devices are just radio transceivers
possibly with some kinds of acceleration like automatic CRC computation and
comparation, automagic ACK handling, address matching, etc.
Those types of devices require different approach to be hooked into Linux kernel.
HardMAC
=======
See the header include/net/ieee802154/netdevice.h. You have to implement Linux
net_device, with .type = ARPHRD_IEEE802154. Data is exchanged with socket family
code via plain sk_buffs. The control block of sk_buffs will contain additional
info as described in the struct ieee802154_mac_cb.
To hook the MLME interface you have to populate the ml_priv field of your
net_device with a pointer to struct ieee802154_mlme_ops instance. All fields are
required.
We provide an example of simple HardMAC driver at drivers/ieee802154/fakehard.c
SoftMAC
=======
We are going to provide intermediate layer impelementing IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
in software. This is currently WIP.
See header include/net/ieee802154/mac802154.h and several drivers in
drivers/ieee802154/

18
Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
View File

@ -168,7 +168,16 @@ tcp_dsack - BOOLEAN
Allows TCP to send "duplicate" SACKs.
tcp_ecn - BOOLEAN
Enable Explicit Congestion Notification in TCP.
Enable Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) in TCP. ECN is only
used when both ends of the TCP flow support it. It is useful to
avoid losses due to congestion (when the bottleneck router supports
ECN).
Possible values are:
0 disable ECN
1 ECN enabled
2 Only server-side ECN enabled. If the other end does
not support ECN, behavior is like with ECN disabled.
Default: 2
tcp_fack - BOOLEAN
Enable FACK congestion avoidance and fast retransmission.
@ -1048,6 +1057,13 @@ disable_ipv6 - BOOLEAN
address.
Default: FALSE (enable IPv6 operation)
When this value is changed from 1 to 0 (IPv6 is being enabled),
it will dynamically create a link-local address on the given
interface and start Duplicate Address Detection, if necessary.
When this value is changed from 0 to 1 (IPv6 is being disabled),
it will dynamically delete all address on the given interface.
accept_dad - INTEGER
Whether to accept DAD (Duplicate Address Detection).
0: Disable DAD

37
Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt
View File

@ -33,3 +33,40 @@ disable
A reboot is required to enable IPv6.
autoconf
Specifies whether to enable IPv6 address autoconfiguration
on all interfaces. This might be used when one does not wish
for addresses to be automatically generated from prefixes
received in Router Advertisements.
The possible values and their effects are:
0
IPv6 address autoconfiguration is disabled on all interfaces.
Only the IPv6 loopback address (::1) and link-local addresses
will be added to interfaces.
1
IPv6 address autoconfiguration is enabled on all interfaces.
This is the default value.
disable_ipv6
Specifies whether to disable IPv6 on all interfaces.
This might be used when no IPv6 addresses are desired.
The possible values and their effects are:
0
IPv6 is enabled on all interfaces.
This is the default value.
1
IPv6 is disabled on all interfaces.
No IPv6 addresses will be added to interfaces.

2
Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt
View File

@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Sample Userspace Code
}
return 0;
Miscellanous
Miscellaneous
============
The PPPoL2TP driver was developed as part of the OpenL2TP project by

28
Documentation/networking/mac80211-injection.txt
View File

@ -12,38 +12,22 @@ following format:
The radiotap format is discussed in
./Documentation/networking/radiotap-headers.txt.
Despite 13 radiotap argument types are currently defined, most only make sense
Despite many radiotap parameters being currently defined, most only make sense
to appear on received packets. The following information is parsed from the
radiotap headers and used to control injection:
* IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE
rate in 500kbps units, automatic if invalid or not present
* IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_ANTENNA
antenna to use, automatic if not present
* IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DBM_TX_POWER
transmit power in dBm, automatic if not present
* IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS
IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FCS: FCS will be removed and recalculated
IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_WEP: frame will be encrypted if key available
IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FRAG: frame will be fragmented if longer than the
current fragmentation threshold. Note that
this flag is only reliable when software
fragmentation is enabled)
current fragmentation threshold.
The injection code can also skip all other currently defined radiotap fields
facilitating replay of captured radiotap headers directly.
Here is an example valid radiotap header defining these three parameters
Here is an example valid radiotap header defining some parameters
0x00, 0x00, // <-- radiotap version
0x0b, 0x00, // <- radiotap header length
@ -72,8 +56,8 @@ interface), along the following lines:
...
r = pcap_inject(ppcap, u8aSendBuffer, nLength);
You can also find sources for a complete inject test applet here:
You can also find a link to a complete inject application here:
http://penumbra.warmcat.com/_twk/tiki-index.php?page=packetspammer
http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/packetspammer
Andy Green <andy@warmcat.com>

2
Documentation/networking/netdevices.txt
View File

@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ dev->hard_start_xmit:
for this and return NETDEV_TX_LOCKED when the spin lock fails.
The locking there should also properly protect against
set_multicast_list. Note that the use of NETIF_F_LLTX is deprecated.
Dont use it for new drivers.
Don't use it for new drivers.
Context: Process with BHs disabled or BH (timer),
will be called with interrupts disabled by netconsole.

3
Documentation/networking/operstates.txt
View File

@ -38,9 +38,6 @@ ifinfomsg::if_flags & IFF_LOWER_UP:
ifinfomsg::if_flags & IFF_DORMANT:
Driver has signaled netif_dormant_on()
These interface flags can also be queried without netlink using the
SIOCGIFFLAGS ioctl.
TLV IFLA_OPERSTATE
contains RFC2863 state of the interface in numeric representation:

138
Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt
View File

@ -4,16 +4,18 @@
This file documents the CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP option available with the PACKET
socket interface on 2.4 and 2.6 kernels. This type of sockets is used for
capture network traffic with utilities like tcpdump or any other that uses
the libpcap library.
You can find the latest version of this document at
capture network traffic with utilities like tcpdump or any other that needs
raw access to network interface.
You can find the latest version of this document at:
http://pusa.uv.es/~ulisses/packet_mmap/
Please send me your comments to
Howto can be found at:
http://wiki.gnu-log.net (packet_mmap)
Please send your comments to
Ulisses Alonso Camaró <uaca@i.hate.spam.alumni.uv.es>
Johann Baudy <johann.baudy@gnu-log.net>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Why use PACKET_MMAP
@ -25,19 +27,24 @@ to capture each packet, it requires two if you want to get packet's
timestamp (like libpcap always does).
In the other hand PACKET_MMAP is very efficient. PACKET_MMAP provides a size
configurable circular buffer mapped in user space. This way reading packets just
needs to wait for them, most of the time there is no need to issue a single
system call. By using a shared buffer between the kernel and the user
also has the benefit of minimizing packet copies.
configurable circular buffer mapped in user space that can be used to either
send or receive packets. This way reading packets just needs to wait for them,
most of the time there is no need to issue a single system call. Concerning
transmission, multiple packets can be sent through one system call to get the
highest bandwidth.
By using a shared buffer between the kernel and the user also has the benefit
of minimizing packet copies.
It's fine to use PACKET_MMAP to improve the performance of the capture process,
but it isn't everything. At least, if you are capturing at high speeds (this
is relative to the cpu speed), you should check if the device driver of your
network interface card supports some sort of interrupt load mitigation or
(even better) if it supports NAPI, also make sure it is enabled.
It's fine to use PACKET_MMAP to improve the performance of the capture and
transmission process, but it isn't everything. At least, if you are capturing
at high speeds (this is relative to the cpu speed), you should check if the
device driver of your network interface card supports some sort of interrupt
load mitigation or (even better) if it supports NAPI, also make sure it is
enabled. For transmission, check the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) used and
supported by devices of your network.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP
+ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP to improve capture process
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From the user standpoint, you should use the higher level libpcap library, which
@ -57,7 +64,7 @@ the low level details or want to improve libpcap by including PACKET_MMAP
support.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP directly
+ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP directly to improve capture process
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From the system calls stand point, the use of PACKET_MMAP involves
@ -66,6 +73,7 @@ the following process:
[setup] socket() -------> creation of the capture socket
setsockopt() ---> allocation of the circular buffer (ring)
option: PACKET_RX_RING
mmap() ---------> mapping of the allocated buffer to the
user process
@ -96,6 +104,65 @@ Next I will describe PACKET_MMAP settings and it's constraints,
also the mapping of the circular buffer in the user process and
the use of this buffer.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ How to use CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP directly to improve transmission process
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transmission process is similar to capture as shown below.
[setup] socket() -------> creation of the transmission socket
setsockopt() ---> allocation of the circular buffer (ring)
option: PACKET_TX_RING
bind() ---------> bind transmission socket with a network interface
mmap() ---------> mapping of the allocated buffer to the
user process
[transmission] poll() ---------> wait for free packets (optional)
send() ---------> send all packets that are set as ready in
the ring
The flag MSG_DONTWAIT can be used to return
before end of transfer.
[shutdown] close() --------> destruction of the transmission socket and
deallocation of all associated resources.
Binding the socket to your network interface is mandatory (with zero copy) to
know the header size of frames used in the circular buffer.
As capture, each frame contains two parts:
--------------------
| struct tpacket_hdr | Header. It contains the status of
| | of this frame
|--------------------|
| data buffer |
. . Data that will be sent over the network interface.
. .
--------------------
bind() associates the socket to your network interface thanks to
sll_ifindex parameter of struct sockaddr_ll.
Initialization example:
struct sockaddr_ll my_addr;
struct ifreq s_ifr;
...
strncpy (s_ifr.ifr_name, "eth0", sizeof(s_ifr.ifr_name));
/* get interface index of eth0 */
ioctl(this->socket, SIOCGIFINDEX, &s_ifr);
/* fill sockaddr_ll struct to prepare binding */
my_addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
my_addr.sll_protocol = ETH_P_ALL;
my_addr.sll_ifindex = s_ifr.ifr_ifindex;
/* bind socket to eth0 */
bind(this->socket, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
A complete tutorial is available at: http://wiki.gnu-log.net/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ PACKET_MMAP settings
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -103,7 +170,10 @@ the use of this buffer.
To setup PACKET_MMAP from user level code is done with a call like
- Capture process
setsockopt(fd, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_RX_RING, (void *) &req, sizeof(req))
- Transmission process
setsockopt(fd, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_TX_RING, (void *) &req, sizeof(req))
The most significant argument in the previous call is the req parameter,
this parameter must to have the following structure:
@ -117,11 +187,11 @@ this parameter must to have the following structure:
};
This structure is defined in /usr/include/linux/if_packet.h and establishes a
circular buffer (ring) of unswappable memory mapped in the capture process.
circular buffer (ring) of unswappable memory.
Being mapped in the capture process allows reading the captured frames and
related meta-information like timestamps without requiring a system call.
Captured frames are grouped in blocks. Each block is a physically contiguous
Frames are grouped in blocks. Each block is a physically contiguous
region of memory and holds tp_block_size/tp_frame_size frames. The total number
of blocks is tp_block_nr. Note that tp_frame_nr is a redundant parameter because
@ -336,6 +406,7 @@ struct tpacket_hdr). If this field is 0 means that the frame is ready
to be used for the kernel, If not, there is a frame the user can read
and the following flags apply:
+++ Capture process:
from include/linux/if_packet.h
#define TP_STATUS_COPY 2
@ -391,6 +462,37 @@ packets are in the ring:
It doesn't incur in a race condition to first check the status value and
then poll for frames.
++ Transmission process
Those defines are also used for transmission:
#define TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE 0 // Frame is available
#define TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST 1 // Frame will be sent on next send()
#define TP_STATUS_SENDING 2 // Frame is currently in transmission
#define TP_STATUS_WRONG_FORMAT 4 // Frame format is not correct
First, the kernel initializes all frames to TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE. To send a
packet, the user fills a data buffer of an available frame, sets tp_len to
current data buffer size and sets its status field to TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST.
This can be done on multiple frames. Once the user is ready to transmit, it
calls send(). Then all buffers with status equal to TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST are
forwarded to the network device. The kernel updates each status of sent
frames with TP_STATUS_SENDING until the end of transfer.
At the end of each transfer, buffer status returns to TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE.
header->tp_len = in_i_size;
header->tp_status = TP_STATUS_SEND_REQUEST;
retval = send(this->socket, NULL, 0, 0);
The user can also use poll() to check if a buffer is available:
(status == TP_STATUS_SENDING)
struct pollfd pfd;
pfd.fd = fd;
pfd.revents = 0;
pfd.events = POLLOUT;
retval = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout);
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ THANKS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2
Documentation/networking/phonet.txt
View File

@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Phonet packets have a common header as follows:
On Linux, the link-layer header includes the pn_media byte (see below).
The next 7 bytes are part of the network-layer header.
The device ID is split: the 6 higher-order bits consitute the device
The device ID is split: the 6 higher-order bits constitute the device
address, while the 2 lower-order bits are used for multiplexing, as are
the 8-bit object identifiers. As such, Phonet can be considered as a
network layer with 6 bits of address space and 10 bits for transport

2
Documentation/networking/regulatory.txt
View File

@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ added to this document when its support is enabled.
Device drivers who provide their own built regulatory domain
do not need a callback as the channels registered by them are
the only ones that will be allowed and therefore *additional*
cannels cannot be enabled.
channels cannot be enabled.
Example code - drivers hinting an alpha2:
------------------------------------------

2
Documentation/power/regulator/consumer.txt
View File

@ -178,5 +178,5 @@ Consumers can uregister interest by calling :-
int regulator_unregister_notifier(struct regulator *regulator,
struct notifier_block *nb);
Regulators use the kernel notifier framework to send event to thier interested
Regulators use the kernel notifier framework to send event to their interested
consumers.

2
Documentation/power/regulator/overview.txt
View File

@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Some terms used in this document:-
battery power, USB power)
Regulator Domains: is the new current limit within the
regulator operating parameters for input/ouput voltage.
regulator operating parameters for input/output voltage.
If the regulator request passes all the constraint tests
then the new regulator value is applied.

2
Documentation/power/s2ram.txt
View File

@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ hardware during resume operations where a value can be set that will
survive a reboot.
Consequence is that after a resume (even if it is successful) your system
clock will have a value corresponding to the magic mumber instead of the
clock will have a value corresponding to the magic number instead of the
correct date/time! It is therefore advisable to use a program like ntp-date
or rdate to reset the correct date/time from an external time source when
using this trace option.

2
Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt
View File

@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ unfreeze user space processes frozen by SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE if they are
still frozen when the device is being closed).
Currently it is assumed that the userland utilities reading/writing the
snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap parition, called the resume
snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap partition, called the resume
partition, or a swap file as storage space (if a swap file is used, the resume
partition is the partition that holds this file). However, this is not really
required, as they can use, for example, a special (blank) suspend partition or

4
Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt
View File

@ -1356,7 +1356,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model.
- phy-map : 1 cell, optional, bitmap of addresses to probe the PHY
for, used if phy-address is absent. bit 0x00000001 is
MDIO address 0.
For Axon it can be absent, thouugh my current driver
For Axon it can be absent, though my current driver
doesn't handle phy-address yet so for now, keep
0x00ffffff in it.
- rx-fifo-size-gige : 1 cell, Rx fifo size in bytes for 1000 Mb/sec
@ -1438,7 +1438,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model.
The Xilinx EDK toolchain ships with a set of IP cores (devices) for use
in Xilinx Spartan and Virtex FPGAs. The devices cover the whole range
of standard device types (network, serial, etc.) and miscellanious
of standard device types (network, serial, etc.) and miscellaneous
devices (gpio, LCD, spi, etc). Also, since these devices are
implemented within the fpga fabric every instance of the device can be
synthesised with different options that change the behaviour.

53
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/can/sja1000.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
Memory mapped SJA1000 CAN controller from NXP (formerly Philips)
Required properties:
- compatible : should be "nxp,sja1000".
- reg : should specify the chip select, address offset and size required
to map the registers of the SJA1000. The size is usually 0x80.
- interrupts: property with a value describing the interrupt source
(number and sensitivity) required for the SJA1000.
Optional properties:
- nxp,external-clock-frequency : Frequency of the external oscillator
clock in Hz. Note that the internal clock frequency used by the
SJA1000 is half of that value. If not specified, a default value
of 16000000 (16 MHz) is used.
- nxp,tx-output-mode : operation mode of the TX output control logic:
<0x0> : bi-phase output mode
<0x1> : normal output mode (default)
<0x2> : test output mode
<0x3> : clock output mode
- nxp,tx-output-config : TX output pin configuration:
<0x01> : TX0 invert
<0x02> : TX0 pull-down (default)
<0x04> : TX0 pull-up
<0x06> : TX0 push-pull
<0x08> : TX1 invert
<0x10> : TX1 pull-down
<0x20> : TX1 pull-up
<0x30> : TX1 push-pull
- nxp,clock-out-frequency : clock frequency in Hz on the CLKOUT pin.
If not specified or if the specified value is 0, the CLKOUT pin
will be disabled.
- nxp,no-comparator-bypass : Allows to disable the CAN input comperator.
For futher information, please have a look to the SJA1000 data sheet.
Examples:
can@3,100 {
compatible = "nxp,sja1000";
reg = <3 0x100 0x80>;
interrupts = <2 0>;
interrupt-parent = <&mpic>;
nxp,external-clock-frequency = <16000000>;
};

64
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/ecm.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
=====================================================================
E500 LAW & Coherency Module Device Tree Binding
Copyright (C) 2009 Freescale Semiconductor Inc.
=====================================================================
Local Access Window (LAW) Node
The LAW node represents the region of CCSR space where local access
windows are configured. For ECM based devices this is the first 4k
of CCSR space that includes CCSRBAR, ALTCBAR, ALTCAR, BPTR, and some
number of local access windows as specified by fsl,num-laws.
PROPERTIES
- compatible
Usage: required
Value type: <string>
Definition: Must include "fsl,ecm-law"
- reg
Usage: required
Value type: <prop-encoded-array>
Definition: A standard property. The value specifies the
physical address offset and length of the CCSR space
registers.
- fsl,num-laws
Usage: required
Value type: <u32>
Definition: The value specifies the number of local access
windows for this device.
=====================================================================
E500 Coherency Module Node
The E500 LAW node represents the region of CCSR space where ECM config
and error reporting registers exist, this is the second 4k (0x1000)
of CCSR space.
PROPERTIES
- compatible
Usage: required
Value type: <string>
Definition: Must include "fsl,CHIP-ecm", "fsl,ecm" where
CHIP is the processor (mpc8572, mpc8544, etc.)
- reg
Usage: required
Value type: <prop-encoded-array>
Definition: A standard property. The value specifies the
physical address offset and length of the CCSR space
registers.
- interrupts
Usage: required
Value type: <prop-encoded-array>
- interrupt-parent
Usage: required
Value type: <phandle>
=====================================================================

2
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/board.txt
View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Required properities:
- reg : Should contain the address and the length of the GPIO bank
register.
- #gpio-cells : Should be two. The first cell is the pin number and the
second cell is used to specify optional paramters (currently unused).
second cell is used to specify optional parameters (currently unused).
- gpio-controller : Marks the port as GPIO controller.
Example:

2
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/cpm_qe/cpm.txt
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Example:
reg = <119c0 30>;
}
* Properties common to mulitple CPM/QE devices
* Properties common to multiple CPM/QE devices
- fsl,cpm-command : This value is ORed with the opcode and command flag
to specify the device on which a CPM command operates.

2
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/cpm_qe/gpio.txt
View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Required properties:
"fsl,cpm1-pario-bank-c", "fsl,cpm1-pario-bank-d",
"fsl,cpm1-pario-bank-e", "fsl,cpm2-pario-bank"
- #gpio-cells : Should be two. The first cell is the pin number and the
second cell is used to specify optional paramters (currently unused).
second cell is used to specify optional parameters (currently unused).
- gpio-controller : Marks the port as GPIO controller.
Example of three SOC GPIO banks defined as gpio-controller nodes:

3
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/cpm_qe/qe.txt
View File

@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ Required properties:
- model : precise model of the QE, Can be "QE", "CPM", or "CPM2"
- reg : offset and length of the device registers.
- bus-frequency : the clock frequency for QUICC Engine.
- fsl,qe-num-riscs: define how many RISC engines the QE has.
- fsl,qe-num-snums: define how many serial number(SNUM) the QE can use for the
threads.
Recommended properties
- brg-frequency : the internal clock source frequency for baud-rate

5
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/esdhc.txt
View File

@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ for MMC, SD, and SDIO types of memory cards.
Required properties:
- compatible : should be
"fsl,<chip>-esdhc", "fsl,mpc8379-esdhc" for MPC83xx processors.
"fsl,<chip>-esdhc", "fsl,mpc8536-esdhc" for MPC85xx processors.
"fsl,<chip>-esdhc", "fsl,esdhc"
- reg : should contain eSDHC registers location and length.
- interrupts : should contain eSDHC interrupt.
- interrupt-parent : interrupt source phandle.
@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ Required properties:
Example:
sdhci@2e000 {
compatible = "fsl,mpc8378-esdhc", "fsl,mpc8379-esdhc";
compatible = "fsl,mpc8378-esdhc", "fsl,esdhc";
reg = <0x2e000 0x1000>;
interrupts = <42 0x8>;
interrupt-parent = <&ipic>;

64
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/mcm.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
=====================================================================
MPX LAW & Coherency Module Device Tree Binding
Copyright (C) 2009 Freescale Semiconductor Inc.
=====================================================================
Local Access Window (LAW) Node
The LAW node represents the region of CCSR space where local access
windows are configured. For MCM based devices this is the first 4k
of CCSR space that includes CCSRBAR, ALTCBAR, ALTCAR, BPTR, and some
number of local access windows as specified by fsl,num-laws.
PROPERTIES
- compatible
Usage: required
Value type: <string>
Definition: Must include "fsl,mcm-law"
- reg
Usage: required
Value type: <prop-encoded-array>
Definition: A standard property. The value specifies the
physical address offset and length of the CCSR space
registers.
- fsl,num-laws
Usage: required
Value type: <u32>
Definition: The value specifies the number of local access
windows for this device.
=====================================================================
MPX Coherency Module Node
The MPX LAW node represents the region of CCSR space where MCM config
and error reporting registers exist, this is the second 4k (0x1000)
of CCSR space.
PROPERTIES
- compatible
Usage: required
Value type: <string>
Definition: Must include "fsl,CHIP-mcm", "fsl,mcm" where
CHIP is the processor (mpc8641, mpc8610, etc.)
- reg
Usage: required
Value type: <prop-encoded-array>
Definition: A standard property. The value specifies the
physical address offset and length of the CCSR space
registers.
- interrupts
Usage: required
Value type: <prop-encoded-array>
- interrupt-parent
Usage: required
Value type: <phandle>
=====================================================================

2
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/msi-pic.txt
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
* Freescale MSI interrupt controller
Reguired properities:
Required properties:
- compatible : compatible list, contains 2 entries,
first is "fsl,CHIP-msi", where CHIP is the processor(mpc8610, mpc8572,
etc.) and the second is "fsl,mpic-msi" or "fsl,ipic-msi" depending on

4
Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/pmc.txt
View File

@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ Properties:
compatible; all statements below that apply to "fsl,mpc8548-pmc" also
apply to "fsl,mpc8641d-pmc".
Compatibility does not include bit assigments in SCCR/PMCDR/DEVDISR; these
bit assigments are indicated via the sleep specifier in each device's
Compatibility does not include bit assignments in SCCR/PMCDR/DEVDISR; these
bit assignments are indicated via the sleep specifier in each device's
sleep property.
- reg: For devices compatible with "fsl,mpc8349-pmc", the first resource

2
Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.txt
View File

@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ For example, to match the 8323, revision 1.0:
soc.major = 1
soc.minor = 0
'padding' is neccessary for structure alignment. This field ensures that the
'padding' is necessary for structure alignment. This field ensures that the
'extended_modes' field is aligned on a 64-bit boundary.
'extended_modes' is a bitfield that defines special functionality which has an

10
Documentation/rbtree.txt
View File

@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ Example:
}
/* Add new node and rebalance tree. */
rb_link_node(data->node, parent, new);
rb_insert_color(data->node, root);
rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, new);
rb_insert_color(&data->node, root);
return TRUE;
}
@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ To remove an existing node from a tree, call:
Example:
struct mytype *data = mysearch(mytree, "walrus");
struct mytype *data = mysearch(&mytree, "walrus");
if (data) {
rb_erase(data->node, mytree);
rb_erase(&data->node, &mytree);
myfree(data);
}
@ -188,5 +188,5 @@ Example:
struct rb_node *node;
for (node = rb_first(&mytree); node; node = rb_next(node))
printk("key=%s\n", rb_entry(node, int, keystring));
printk("key=%s\n", rb_entry(node, struct mytype, node)->keystring);

599
Documentation/rfkill.txt
View File

@ -1,575 +1,136 @@
rfkill - RF switch subsystem support
====================================
rfkill - RF kill switch support
===============================
1 Introduction
2 Implementation details
3 Kernel driver guidelines
3.1 wireless device drivers
3.2 platform/switch drivers
3.3 input device drivers
4 Kernel API
5 Userspace support
1. Introduction
2. Implementation details
3. Kernel driver guidelines
4. Kernel API
5. Userspace support
1. Introduction:
1. Introduction
The rfkill switch subsystem exists to add a generic interface to circuitry that
can enable or disable the signal output of a wireless *transmitter* of any
type. By far, the most common use is to disable radio-frequency transmitters.
The rfkill subsystem provides a generic interface to disabling any radio
transmitter in the system. When a transmitter is blocked, it shall not
radiate any power.
Note that disabling the signal output means that the the transmitter is to be
made to not emit any energy when "blocked". rfkill is not about blocking data
transmissions, it is about blocking energy emission.
The subsystem also provides the ability to react on button presses and
disable all transmitters of a certain type (or all). This is intended for
situations where transmitters need to be turned off, for example on
aircraft.
The rfkill subsystem offers support for keys and switches often found on
laptops to enable wireless devices like WiFi and Bluetooth, so that these keys
and switches actually perform an action in all wireless devices of a given type
attached to the system.
The buttons to enable and disable the wireless transmitters are important in
situations where the user is for example using his laptop on a location where
radio-frequency transmitters _must_ be disabled (e.g. airplanes).
Because of this requirement, userspace support for the keys should not be made
mandatory. Because userspace might want to perform some additional smarter
tasks when the key is pressed, rfkill provides userspace the possibility to
take over the task to handle the key events.
===============================================================================
2: Implementation details
2. Implementation details
The rfkill subsystem is composed of various components: the rfkill class, the
rfkill-input module (an input layer handler), and some specific input layer
events.
The rfkill class provides kernel drivers with an interface that allows them to
know when they should enable or disable a wireless network device transmitter.
This is enabled by the CONFIG_RFKILL Kconfig option.
The rfkill class is provided for kernel drivers to register their radio
transmitter with the kernel, provide methods for turning it on and off and,
optionally, letting the system know about hardware-disabled states that may
be implemented on the device. This code is enabled with the CONFIG_RFKILL
Kconfig option, which drivers can "select".
The rfkill class support makes sure userspace will be notified of all state
changes on rfkill devices through uevents. It provides a notification chain
for interested parties in the kernel to also get notified of rfkill state
changes in other drivers. It creates several sysfs entries which can be used
by userspace. See section "Userspace support".
The rfkill class code also notifies userspace of state changes, this is
achieved via uevents. It also provides some sysfs files for userspace to
check the status of radio transmitters. See the "Userspace support" section
below.
The rfkill-input module provides the kernel with the ability to implement a
basic response when the user presses a key or button (or toggles a switch)
related to rfkill functionality. It is an in-kernel implementation of default
policy of reacting to rfkill-related input events and neither mandatory nor
required for wireless drivers to operate. It is enabled by the
CONFIG_RFKILL_INPUT Kconfig option.
rfkill-input is a rfkill-related events input layer handler. This handler will
listen to all rfkill key events and will change the rfkill state of the
wireless devices accordingly. With this option enabled userspace could either
do nothing or simply perform monitoring tasks.
The rfkill-input code implements a basic response to rfkill buttons -- it
implements turning on/off all devices of a certain class (or all).
The rfkill-input module also provides EPO (emergency power-off) functionality
for all wireless transmitters. This function cannot be overridden, and it is
always active. rfkill EPO is related to *_RFKILL_ALL input layer events.
When the device is hard-blocked (either by a call to rfkill_set_hw_state()
or from query_hw_block) set_block() will be invoked but drivers can well
ignore the method call since they can use the return value of the function
rfkill_set_hw_state() to sync the software state instead of keeping track
of calls to set_block().
Important terms for the rfkill subsystem:
The entire functionality is spread over more than one subsystem:
In order to avoid confusion, we avoid the term "switch" in rfkill when it is
referring to an electronic control circuit that enables or disables a
transmitter. We reserve it for the physical device a human manipulates
(which is an input device, by the way):
* The kernel input layer generates KEY_WWAN, KEY_WLAN etc. and
SW_RFKILL_ALL -- when the user presses a button. Drivers for radio
transmitters generally do not register to the input layer, unless the
device really provides an input device (i.e. a button that has no
effect other than generating a button press event)
rfkill switch:
* The rfkill-input code hooks up to these events and switches the soft-block
of the various radio transmitters, depending on the button type.
A physical device a human manipulates. Its state can be perceived by
the kernel either directly (through a GPIO pin, ACPI GPE) or by its
effect on a rfkill line of a wireless device.
* The rfkill drivers turn off/on their transmitters as requested.
rfkill controller:
* The rfkill class will generate userspace notifications (uevents) to tell
userspace what the current state is.
A hardware circuit that controls the state of a rfkill line, which a
kernel driver can interact with *to modify* that state (i.e. it has
either write-only or read/write access).
rfkill line:
An input channel (hardware or software) of a wireless device, which
causes a wireless transmitter to stop emitting energy (BLOCK) when it
is active. Point of view is extremely important here: rfkill lines are
always seen from the PoV of a wireless device (and its driver).
3. Kernel driver guidelines
soft rfkill line/software rfkill line:
A rfkill line the wireless device driver can directly change the state
of. Related to rfkill_state RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED.
Drivers for radio transmitters normally implement only the rfkill class.
These drivers may not unblock the transmitter based on own decisions, they
should act on information provided by the rfkill class only.
hard rfkill line/hardware rfkill line:
Platform drivers might implement input devices if the rfkill button is just
that, a button. If that button influences the hardware then you need to
implement an rfkill class instead. This also applies if the platform provides
a way to turn on/off the transmitter(s).
A rfkill line that works fully in hardware or firmware, and that cannot
be overridden by the kernel driver. The hardware device or the
firmware just exports its status to the driver, but it is read-only.
Related to rfkill_state RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED.
During suspend/hibernation, transmitters should only be left enabled when
wake-on wlan or similar functionality requires it and the device wasn't
blocked before suspend/hibernate. Note that it may be necessary to update
the rfkill subsystem's idea of what the current state is at resume time if
the state may have changed over suspend.
The enum rfkill_state describes the rfkill state of a transmitter:
When a rfkill line or rfkill controller is in the RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED state,
the wireless transmitter (radio TX circuit for example) is *enabled*. When the
it is in the RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED or RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED, the
wireless transmitter is to be *blocked* from operating.
RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED indicates that a call to toggle_radio() can change
that state. RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED indicates that a call to toggle_radio()
will not be able to change the state and will return with a suitable error if
attempts are made to set the state to RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED.
RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED is used by drivers to signal that the device is
locked in the BLOCKED state by a hardwire rfkill line (typically an input pin
that, when active, forces the transmitter to be disabled) which the driver
CANNOT override.
Full rfkill functionality requires two different subsystems to cooperate: the
input layer and the rfkill class. The input layer issues *commands* to the
entire system requesting that devices registered to the rfkill class change
state. The way this interaction happens is not complex, but it is not obvious
either:
Kernel Input layer:
* Generates KEY_WWAN, KEY_WLAN, KEY_BLUETOOTH, SW_RFKILL_ALL, and
other such events when the user presses certain keys, buttons, or
toggles certain physical switches.
THE INPUT LAYER IS NEVER USED TO PROPAGATE STATUS, NOTIFICATIONS OR THE
KIND OF STUFF AN ON-SCREEN-DISPLAY APPLICATION WOULD REPORT. It is
used to issue *commands* for the system to change behaviour, and these
commands may or may not be carried out by some kernel driver or
userspace application. It follows that doing user feedback based only
on input events is broken, as there is no guarantee that an input event
will be acted upon.
Most wireless communication device drivers implementing rfkill
functionality MUST NOT generate these events, and have no reason to
register themselves with the input layer. Doing otherwise is a common
misconception. There is an API to propagate rfkill status change
information, and it is NOT the input layer.
rfkill class:
* Calls a hook in a driver to effectively change the wireless
transmitter state;
* Keeps track of the wireless transmitter state (with help from
the driver);
* Generates userspace notifications (uevents) and a call to a
notification chain (kernel) when there is a wireless transmitter
state change;
* Connects a wireless communications driver with the common rfkill
control system, which, for example, allows actions such as
"switch all bluetooth devices offline" to be carried out by
userspace or by rfkill-input.
THE RFKILL CLASS NEVER ISSUES INPUT EVENTS. THE RFKILL CLASS DOES
NOT LISTEN TO INPUT EVENTS. NO DRIVER USING THE RFKILL CLASS SHALL
EVER LISTEN TO, OR ACT ON RFKILL INPUT EVENTS. Doing otherwise is
a layering violation.
Most wireless data communication drivers in the kernel have just to
implement the rfkill class API to work properly. Interfacing to the
input layer is not often required (and is very often a *bug*) on
wireless drivers.
Platform drivers often have to attach to the input layer to *issue*
(but never to listen to) rfkill events for rfkill switches, and also to
the rfkill class to export a control interface for the platform rfkill
controllers to the rfkill subsystem. This does NOT mean the rfkill
switch is attached to a rfkill class (doing so is almost always wrong).
It just means the same kernel module is the driver for different
devices (rfkill switches and rfkill controllers).
Userspace input handlers (uevents) or kernel input handlers (rfkill-input):
* Implements the policy of what should happen when one of the input
layer events related to rfkill operation is received.
* Uses the sysfs interface (userspace) or private rfkill API calls
to tell the devices registered with the rfkill class to change
their state (i.e. translates the input layer event into real
action).
* rfkill-input implements EPO by handling EV_SW SW_RFKILL_ALL 0
(power off all transmitters) in a special way: it ignores any
overrides and local state cache and forces all transmitters to the
RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED state (including those which are already
supposed to be BLOCKED).
* rfkill EPO will remain active until rfkill-input receives an
EV_SW SW_RFKILL_ALL 1 event. While the EPO is active, transmitters
are locked in the blocked state (rfkill will refuse to unblock them).
* rfkill-input implements different policies that the user can
select for handling EV_SW SW_RFKILL_ALL 1. It will unlock rfkill,
and either do nothing (leave transmitters blocked, but now unlocked),
restore the transmitters to their state before the EPO, or unblock
them all.
Userspace uevent handler or kernel platform-specific drivers hooked to the
rfkill notifier chain:
* Taps into the rfkill notifier chain or to KOBJ_CHANGE uevents,
in order to know when a device that is registered with the rfkill
class changes state;
* Issues feedback notifications to the user;
* In the rare platforms where this is required, synthesizes an input
event to command all *OTHER* rfkill devices to also change their
statues when a specific rfkill device changes state.
===============================================================================
3: Kernel driver guidelines
Remember: point-of-view is everything for a driver that connects to the rfkill
subsystem. All the details below must be measured/perceived from the point of
view of the specific driver being modified.
The first thing one needs to know is whether his driver should be talking to
the rfkill class or to the input layer. In rare cases (platform drivers), it
could happen that you need to do both, as platform drivers often handle a
variety of devices in the same driver.
Do not mistake input devices for rfkill controllers. The only type of "rfkill
switch" device that is to be registered with the rfkill class are those
directly controlling the circuits that cause a wireless transmitter to stop
working (or the software equivalent of them), i.e. what we call a rfkill
controller. Every other kind of "rfkill switch" is just an input device and
MUST NOT be registered with the rfkill class.
A driver should register a device with the rfkill class when ALL of the
following conditions are met (they define a rfkill controller):
1. The device is/controls a data communications wireless transmitter;
2. The kernel can interact with the hardware/firmware to CHANGE the wireless
transmitter state (block/unblock TX operation);
3. The transmitter can be made to not emit any energy when "blocked":
rfkill is not about blocking data transmissions, it is about blocking
energy emission;
A driver should register a device with the input subsystem to issue
rfkill-related events (KEY_WLAN, KEY_BLUETOOTH, KEY_WWAN, KEY_WIMAX,
SW_RFKILL_ALL, etc) when ALL of the folowing conditions are met:
1. It is directly related to some physical device the user interacts with, to
command the O.S./firmware/hardware to enable/disable a data communications
wireless transmitter.
Examples of the physical device are: buttons, keys and switches the user
will press/touch/slide/switch to enable or disable the wireless
communication device.
2. It is NOT slaved to another device, i.e. there is no other device that
issues rfkill-related input events in preference to this one.
Please refer to the corner cases and examples section for more details.
When in doubt, do not issue input events. For drivers that should generate
input events in some platforms, but not in others (e.g. b43), the best solution
is to NEVER generate input events in the first place. That work should be
deferred to a platform-specific kernel module (which will know when to generate
events through the rfkill notifier chain) or to userspace. This avoids the
usual maintenance problems with DMI whitelisting.
Corner cases and examples:
====================================
1. If the device is an input device that, because of hardware or firmware,
causes wireless transmitters to be blocked regardless of the kernel's will, it
is still just an input device, and NOT to be registered with the rfkill class.
2. If the wireless transmitter switch control is read-only, it is an input
device and not to be registered with the rfkill class (and maybe not to be made
an input layer event source either, see below).
3. If there is some other device driver *closer* to the actual hardware the
user interacted with (the button/switch/key) to issue an input event, THAT is
the device driver that should be issuing input events.
E.g:
[RFKILL slider switch] -- [GPIO hardware] -- [WLAN card rf-kill input]
(platform driver) (wireless card driver)
The user is closer to the RFKILL slide switch plaform driver, so the driver
which must issue input events is the platform driver looking at the GPIO
hardware, and NEVER the wireless card driver (which is just a slave). It is
very likely that there are other leaves than just the WLAN card rf-kill input
(e.g. a bluetooth card, etc)...
On the other hand, some embedded devices do this:
[RFKILL slider switch] -- [WLAN card rf-kill input]
(wireless card driver)
In this situation, the wireless card driver *could* register itself as an input
device and issue rf-kill related input events... but in order to AVOID the need
for DMI whitelisting, the wireless card driver does NOT do it. Userspace (HAL)
or a platform driver (that exists only on these embedded devices) will do the
dirty job of issuing the input events.
COMMON MISTAKES in kernel drivers, related to rfkill:
====================================
1. NEVER confuse input device keys and buttons with input device switches.
1a. Switches are always set or reset. They report the current state
(on position or off position).
1b. Keys and buttons are either in the pressed or not-pressed state, and
that's it. A "button" that latches down when you press it, and
unlatches when you press it again is in fact a switch as far as input
devices go.
Add the SW_* events you need for switches, do NOT try to emulate a button using
KEY_* events just because there is no such SW_* event yet. Do NOT try to use,
for example, KEY_BLUETOOTH when you should be using SW_BLUETOOTH instead.
2. Input device switches (sources of EV_SW events) DO store their current state
(so you *must* initialize it by issuing a gratuitous input layer event on
driver start-up and also when resuming from sleep), and that state CAN be
queried from userspace through IOCTLs. There is no sysfs interface for this,
but that doesn't mean you should break things trying to hook it to the rfkill
class to get a sysfs interface :-)
3. Do not issue *_RFKILL_ALL events by default, unless you are sure it is the
correct event for your switch/button. These events are emergency power-off
events when they are trying to turn the transmitters off. An example of an
input device which SHOULD generate *_RFKILL_ALL events is the wireless-kill
switch in a laptop which is NOT a hotkey, but a real sliding/rocker switch.
An example of an input device which SHOULD NOT generate *_RFKILL_ALL events by
default, is any sort of hot key that is type-specific (e.g. the one for WLAN).
3.1 Guidelines for wireless device drivers
------------------------------------------
(in this text, rfkill->foo means the foo field of struct rfkill).
1. Each independent transmitter in a wireless device (usually there is only one
transmitter per device) should have a SINGLE rfkill class attached to it.
2. If the device does not have any sort of hardware assistance to allow the
driver to rfkill the device, the driver should emulate it by taking all actions
required to silence the transmitter.
3. If it is impossible to silence the transmitter (i.e. it still emits energy,
even if it is just in brief pulses, when there is no data to transmit and there
is no hardware support to turn it off) do NOT lie to the users. Do not attach
it to a rfkill class. The rfkill subsystem does not deal with data
transmission, it deals with energy emission. If the transmitter is emitting
energy, it is not blocked in rfkill terms.
4. It doesn't matter if the device has multiple rfkill input lines affecting
the same transmitter, their combined state is to be exported as a single state
per transmitter (see rule 1).
This rule exists because users of the rfkill subsystem expect to get (and set,
when possible) the overall transmitter rfkill state, not of a particular rfkill
line.
5. The wireless device driver MUST NOT leave the transmitter enabled during
suspend and hibernation unless:
5.1. The transmitter has to be enabled for some sort of functionality
like wake-on-wireless-packet or autonomous packed forwarding in a mesh
network, and that functionality is enabled for this suspend/hibernation
cycle.
AND
5.2. The device was not on a user-requested BLOCKED state before
the suspend (i.e. the driver must NOT unblock a device, not even
to support wake-on-wireless-packet or remain in the mesh).
In other words, there is absolutely no allowed scenario where a driver can
automatically take action to unblock a rfkill controller (obviously, this deals
with scenarios where soft-blocking or both soft and hard blocking is happening.
Scenarios where hardware rfkill lines are the only ones blocking the
transmitter are outside of this rule, since the wireless device driver does not
control its input hardware rfkill lines in the first place).
6. During resume, rfkill will try to restore its previous state.
7. After a rfkill class is suspended, it will *not* call rfkill->toggle_radio
until it is resumed.
Example of a WLAN wireless driver connected to the rfkill subsystem:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
A certain WLAN card has one input pin that causes it to block the transmitter
and makes the status of that input pin available (only for reading!) to the
kernel driver. This is a hard rfkill input line (it cannot be overridden by
the kernel driver).
The card also has one PCI register that, if manipulated by the driver, causes
it to block the transmitter. This is a soft rfkill input line.
It has also a thermal protection circuitry that shuts down its transmitter if
the card overheats, and makes the status of that protection available (only for
reading!) to the kernel driver. This is also a hard rfkill input line.
If either one of these rfkill lines are active, the transmitter is blocked by
the hardware and forced offline.
The driver should allocate and attach to its struct device *ONE* instance of
the rfkill class (there is only one transmitter).
It can implement the get_state() hook, and return RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED if
either one of its two hard rfkill input lines are active. If the two hard
rfkill lines are inactive, it must return RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED if its soft
rfkill input line is active. Only if none of the rfkill input lines are
active, will it return RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED.
Since the device has a hardware rfkill line, it IS subject to state changes
external to rfkill. Therefore, the driver must make sure that it calls
rfkill_force_state() to keep the status always up-to-date, and it must do a
rfkill_force_state() on resume from sleep.
Every time the driver gets a notification from the card that one of its rfkill
lines changed state (polling might be needed on badly designed cards that don't
generate interrupts for such events), it recomputes the rfkill state as per
above, and calls rfkill_force_state() to update it.
The driver should implement the toggle_radio() hook, that:
1. Returns an error if one of the hardware rfkill lines are active, and the
caller asked for RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED.
2. Activates the soft rfkill line if the caller asked for state
RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED. It should do this even if one of the hard rfkill
lines are active, effectively double-blocking the transmitter.
3. Deactivates the soft rfkill line if none of the hardware rfkill lines are
active and the caller asked for RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED.
===============================================================================
4: Kernel API
4. Kernel API
To build a driver with rfkill subsystem support, the driver should depend on
(or select) the Kconfig symbol RFKILL; it should _not_ depend on RKFILL_INPUT.
(or select) the Kconfig symbol RFKILL.
The hardware the driver talks to may be write-only (where the current state
of the hardware is unknown), or read-write (where the hardware can be queried
about its current state).
The rfkill class will call the get_state hook of a device every time it needs
to know the *real* current state of the hardware. This can happen often, but
it does not do any polling, so it is not enough on hardware that is subject
to state changes outside of the rfkill subsystem.
Calling rfkill_set_hw_state() when a state change happens is required from
rfkill drivers that control devices that can be hard-blocked unless they also
assign the poll_hw_block() callback (then the rfkill core will poll the
device). Don't do this unless you cannot get the event in any other way.
Therefore, calling rfkill_force_state() when a state change happens is
mandatory when the device has a hardware rfkill line, or when something else
like the firmware could cause its state to be changed without going through the
rfkill class.
Some hardware provides events when its status changes. In these cases, it is
best for the driver to not provide a get_state hook, and instead register the
rfkill class *already* with the correct status, and keep it updated using
rfkill_force_state() when it gets an event from the hardware.
rfkill_force_state() must be used on the device resume handlers to update the
rfkill status, should there be any chance of the device status changing during
the sleep.
5. Userspace support
There is no provision for a statically-allocated rfkill struct. You must
use rfkill_allocate() to allocate one.
You should:
- rfkill_allocate()
- modify rfkill fields (flags, name)
- modify state to the current hardware state (THIS IS THE ONLY TIME
YOU CAN ACCESS state DIRECTLY)
- rfkill_register()
The only way to set a device to the RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED state is through
a suitable return of get_state() or through rfkill_force_state().
When a device is in the RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED state, the only way to switch
it to a different state is through a suitable return of get_state() or through
rfkill_force_state().
If toggle_radio() is called to set a device to state RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED
when that device is already at the RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED state, it should
not return an error. Instead, it should try to double-block the transmitter,
so that its state will change from RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED to
RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED should the hardware blocking cease.
Please refer to the source for more documentation.
===============================================================================
5: Userspace support
rfkill devices issue uevents (with an action of "change"), with the following
environment variables set:
RFKILL_NAME
RFKILL_STATE
RFKILL_TYPE
The ABI for these variables is defined by the sysfs attributes. It is best
to take a quick look at the source to make sure of the possible values.
It is expected that HAL will trap those, and bridge them to DBUS, etc. These
events CAN and SHOULD be used to give feedback to the user about the rfkill
status of the system.
Input devices may issue events that are related to rfkill. These are the
various KEY_* events and SW_* events supported by rfkill-input.c.
******IMPORTANT******
When rfkill-input is ACTIVE, userspace is NOT TO CHANGE THE STATE OF AN RFKILL
SWITCH IN RESPONSE TO AN INPUT EVENT also handled by rfkill-input, unless it
has set to true the user_claim attribute for that particular switch. This rule
is *absolute*; do NOT violate it.
******IMPORTANT******
Userspace must not assume it is the only source of control for rfkill switches.
Their state CAN and WILL change due to firmware actions, direct user actions,
and the rfkill-input EPO override for *_RFKILL_ALL.
When rfkill-input is not active, userspace must initiate a rfkill status
change by writing to the "state" attribute in order for anything to happen.
Take particular care to implement EV_SW SW_RFKILL_ALL properly. When that
switch is set to OFF, *every* rfkill device *MUST* be immediately put into the
RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED state, no questions asked.
The following sysfs entries will be created:
The following sysfs entries exist for every rfkill device:
name: Name assigned by driver to this key (interface or driver name).
type: Name of the key type ("wlan", "bluetooth", etc).
state: Current state of the transmitter
0: RFKILL_STATE_SOFT_BLOCKED
transmitter is forced off, but one can override it
by a write to the state attribute;
transmitter is turned off by software
1: RFKILL_STATE_UNBLOCKED
transmiter is NOT forced off, and may operate if
all other conditions for such operation are met
(such as interface is up and configured, etc);
transmitter is (potentially) active
2: RFKILL_STATE_HARD_BLOCKED
transmitter is forced off by something outside of
the driver's control. One cannot set a device to
this state through writes to the state attribute;
claim: 1: Userspace handles events, 0: Kernel handles events
the driver's control.
claim: 0: Kernel handles events (currently always reads that value)
Both the "state" and "claim" entries are also writable. For the "state" entry
this means that when 1 or 0 is written, the device rfkill state (if not yet in
the requested state), will be will be toggled accordingly.
rfkill devices also issue uevents (with an action of "change"), with the
following environment variables set:
For the "claim" entry writing 1 to it means that the kernel no longer handles
key events even though RFKILL_INPUT input was enabled. When "claim" has been
set to 0, userspace should make sure that it listens for the input events or
check the sysfs "state" entry regularly to correctly perform the required tasks
when the rkfill key is pressed.
RFKILL_NAME
RFKILL_STATE
RFKILL_TYPE
A note about input devices and EV_SW events:
The contents of these variables corresponds to the "name", "state" and
"type" sysfs files explained above.
In order to know the current state of an input device switch (like
SW_RFKILL_ALL), you will need to use an IOCTL. That information is not
available through sysfs in a generic way at this time, and it is not available
through the rfkill class AT ALL.
An alternative userspace interface exists as a misc device /dev/rfkill,
which allows userspace to obtain and set the state of rfkill devices and
sets of devices. It also notifies userspace about device addition and
removal. The API is a simple read/write API that is defined in
linux/rfkill.h.

4
Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt
View File

@ -1984,7 +1984,7 @@ break *$pc
break *0x400618
heres a really useful one for large programs
Here's a really useful one for large programs
rbr
Set a breakpoint for all functions matching REGEXP
e.g.
@ -2211,7 +2211,7 @@ Breakpoint 2 at 0x4d87a4: file top.c, line 2609.
#5 0x51692c in readline_internal () at readline.c:521
#6 0x5164fe in readline (prompt=0x7ffff810 "\177ÿøx\177ÿ÷Ø\177ÿøxÀ")
at readline.c:349
#7 0x4d7a8a in command_line_input (prrompt=0x564420 "(gdb) ", repeat=1,
#7 0x4d7a8a in command_line_input (prompt=0x564420 "(gdb) ", repeat=1,
annotation_suffix=0x4d6b44 "prompt") at top.c:2091
#8 0x4d6cf0 in command_loop () at top.c:1345
#9 0x4e25bc in main (argc=1, argv=0x7ffffdf4) at main.c:635

2
Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-design.txt
View File

@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ To sum it up: we always wanted to make nice levels more consistent, but
within the constraints of HZ and jiffies and their nasty design level
coupling to timeslices and granularity it was not really viable.
The second (less frequent but still periodically occuring) complaint
The second (less frequent but still periodically occurring) complaint
about Linux's nice level support was its assymetry around the origo
(which you can see demonstrated in the picture above), or more
accurately: the fact that nice level behavior depended on the _absolute_

2
Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt
View File

@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ The following information is available in this file:
- Packetized SCSI Protocol at 160MB/s and 320MB/s
- Quick Arbitration Selection (QAS)
- Retained Training Information (Rev B. ASIC only)
- Interrupt Coalessing
- Interrupt Coalescing
- Initiator Mode (target mode not currently
supported)
- Support for the PCI-X standard up to 133MHz

4
Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt
View File

@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ of MOVE MEMORY instructions.
The 896 and the 895A allows handling of the phase mismatch context from
SCRIPTS (avoids the phase mismatch interrupt that stops the SCSI processor
until the C code has saved the context of the transfer).
Implementing this without using LOAD/STORE instructions would be painfull
Implementing this without using LOAD/STORE instructions would be painful
and I didn't even want to try it.
The 896 chip supports 64 bit PCI transactions and addressing, while the
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ characteristics. This feature may also reduce average command latency.
In order to really gain advantage of this feature, devices must have
a reasonable cache size (No miracle is to be expected for a low-end
hard disk with 128 KB or less).
Some kown SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
Some known SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
Generally, firmware revisions that fix this kind of problems are available
at respective vendor web/ftp sites.
All I can say is that the hard disks I use on my machines behave well with

2
Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt
View File

@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ characteristics. This feature may also reduce average command latency.
In order to really gain advantage of this feature, devices must have
a reasonable cache size (No miracle is to be expected for a low-end
hard disk with 128 KB or less).
Some kown old SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
Some known old SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
Generally, firmware revisions that fix this kind of problems are available
at respective vendor web/ftp sites.
All I can say is that I never have had problem with tagged queuing using

2
Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
View File

@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
single_cmd - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
codecs (for debugging only)
enable_msi - Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
power_save - Automatic power-saving timtout (in second, 0 =
power_save - Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 =
disable)
power_save_controller - Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode
(default = on)

2
Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt
View File

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ methods for the HD-audio hardware.
The HD-audio component consists of two parts: the controller chip and
the codec chips on the HD-audio bus. Linux provides a single driver
for all controllers, snd-hda-intel. Although the driver name contains
a word of a well-known harware vendor, it's not specific to it but for
a word of a well-known hardware vendor, it's not specific to it but for
all controller chips by other companies. Since the HD-audio
controllers are supposed to be compatible, the single snd-hda-driver
should work in most cases. But, not surprisingly, there are known

2
Documentation/sound/alsa/hda_codec.txt
View File

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ For writing a sequence of verbs, use snd_hda_sequence_write().
There are variants of cached read/write, snd_hda_codec_write_cache(),
snd_hda_sequence_write_cache(). These are used for recording the
register states for the power-mangement resume. When no PM is needed,
register states for the power-management resume. When no PM is needed,
these are equivalent with non-cached version.
To retrieve the number of sub nodes connected to the given node, use

27
Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
View File

@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ These protections are added to score to judge whether this zone should be used
for page allocation or should be reclaimed.
In this example, if normal pages (index=2) are required to this DMA zone and
pages_high is used for watermark, the kernel judges this zone should not be
used because pages_free(1355) is smaller than watermark + protection[2]
watermark[WMARK_HIGH] is used for watermark, the kernel judges this zone should
not be used because pages_free(1355) is smaller than watermark + protection[2]
(4 + 2004 = 2008). If this protection value is 0, this zone would be used for
normal page requirement. If requirement is DMA zone(index=0), protection[0]
(=0) is used.
@ -280,9 +280,10 @@ The default value is 65536.
min_free_kbytes:
This is used to force the Linux VM to keep a minimum number
of kilobytes free. The VM uses this number to compute a pages_min
value for each lowmem zone in the system. Each lowmem zone gets
a number of reserved free pages based proportionally on its size.
of kilobytes free. The VM uses this number to compute a
watermark[WMARK_MIN] value for each lowmem zone in the system.
Each lowmem zone gets a number of reserved free pages based
proportionally on its size.
Some minimal amount of memory is needed to satisfy PF_MEMALLOC
allocations; if you set this to lower than 1024KB, your system will
@ -314,10 +315,14 @@ min_unmapped_ratio:
This is available only on NUMA kernels.
A percentage of the total pages in each zone. Zone reclaim will only
occur if more than this percentage of pages are file backed and unmapped.
This is to insure that a minimal amount of local pages is still available for
file I/O even if the node is overallocated.
This is a percentage of the total pages in each zone. Zone reclaim will
only occur if more than this percentage of pages are in a state that
zone_reclaim_mode allows to be reclaimed.
If zone_reclaim_mode has the value 4 OR'd, then the percentage is compared
against all file-backed unmapped pages including swapcache pages and tmpfs
files. Otherwise, only unmapped pages backed by normal files but not tmpfs
files and similar are considered.
The default is 1 percent.
@ -358,7 +363,7 @@ nr_pdflush_threads
The current number of pdflush threads. This value is read-only.
The value changes according to the number of dirty pages in the system.
When neccessary, additional pdflush threads are created, one per second, up to
When necessary, additional pdflush threads are created, one per second, up to
nr_pdflush_threads_max.
==============================================================
@ -565,7 +570,7 @@ swappiness
This control is used to define how aggressive the kernel will swap
memory pages. Higher values will increase agressiveness, lower values
descrease the amount of swap.
decrease the amount of swap.
The default value is 60.

2
Documentation/timers/hpet.txt
View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ by Intel and Microsoft which can be found at
Each HPET has one fixed-rate counter (at 10+ MHz, hence "High Precision")
and up to 32 comparators. Normally three or more comparators are provided,
each of which can generate oneshot interupts and at least one of which has
each of which can generate oneshot interrupts and at least one of which has
additional hardware to support periodic interrupts. The comparators are
also called "timers", which can be misleading since usually timers are
independent of each other ... these share a counter, complicating resets.

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