forked from Minki/linux
It's been a busy cycle for documentation - hopefully the busiest for a
while to come. Changes include:
- Some new Chinese translations
- Progress on the battle against double words words and non-HTTPS URLs
- Some block-mq documentation
- More RST conversions from Mauro. At this point, that task is
essentially complete, so we shouldn't see this kind of churn again for a
while. Unless we decide to switch to asciidoc or something...:)
- Lots of typo fixes, warning fixes, and more.
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Merge tag 'docs-5.9' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"It's been a busy cycle for documentation - hopefully the busiest for a
while to come. Changes include:
- Some new Chinese translations
- Progress on the battle against double words words and non-HTTPS
URLs
- Some block-mq documentation
- More RST conversions from Mauro. At this point, that task is
essentially complete, so we shouldn't see this kind of churn again
for a while. Unless we decide to switch to asciidoc or
something...:)
- Lots of typo fixes, warning fixes, and more"
* tag 'docs-5.9' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (195 commits)
scripts/kernel-doc: optionally treat warnings as errors
docs: ia64: correct typo
mailmap: add entry for <alobakin@marvell.com>
doc/zh_CN: add cpu-load Chinese version
Documentation/admin-guide: tainted-kernels: fix spelling mistake
MAINTAINERS: adjust kprobes.rst entry to new location
devices.txt: document rfkill allocation
PCI: correct flag name
docs: filesystems: vfs: correct flag name
docs: filesystems: vfs: correct sync_mode flag names
docs: path-lookup: markup fixes for emphasis
docs: path-lookup: more markup fixes
docs: path-lookup: fix HTML entity mojibake
CREDITS: Replace HTTP links with HTTPS ones
docs: process: Add an example for creating a fixes tag
doc/zh_CN: add Chinese translation prefer section
doc/zh_CN: add clearing-warn-once Chinese version
doc/zh_CN: add admin-guide index
doc:it_IT: process: coding-style.rst: Correct __maybe_unused compiler label
futex: MAINTAINERS: Re-add selftests directory
...
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds
commit
2324d50d05
9
.mailmap
9
.mailmap
@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ Aleksey Gorelov <aleksey_gorelov@phoenix.com>
|
||||
Aleksandar Markovic <aleksandar.markovic@mips.com> <aleksandar.markovic@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com> <alex.shi@intel.com>
|
||||
Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com> <alex.shi@linaro.org>
|
||||
Alexander Lobakin <alobakin@pm.me> <alobakin@dlink.ru>
|
||||
Alexander Lobakin <alobakin@pm.me> <alobakin@marvell.com>
|
||||
Alexander Lobakin <alobakin@pm.me> <bloodyreaper@yandex.ru>
|
||||
Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com> <alexandre.belloni@free-electrons.com>
|
||||
Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> <ast@plumgrid.com>
|
||||
Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> <alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com>
|
||||
@ -134,6 +137,11 @@ Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
|
||||
Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> <jlayton@primarydata.com>
|
||||
Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
|
||||
Jens Osterkamp <Jens.Osterkamp@de.ibm.com>
|
||||
Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org> <jirislaby@gmail.com>
|
||||
Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org> <jslaby@novell.com>
|
||||
Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org> <jslaby@suse.com>
|
||||
Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org> <jslaby@suse.cz>
|
||||
Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org> <xslaby@fi.muni.cz>
|
||||
Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> <jhovold@gmail.com>
|
||||
Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> <johan@hovoldconsulting.com>
|
||||
John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>
|
||||
@ -151,6 +159,7 @@ Kamil Konieczny <k.konieczny@samsung.com> <k.konieczny@partner.samsung.com>
|
||||
Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
|
||||
Kenneth W Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
|
||||
Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> <k.khlebnikov@samsung.com>
|
||||
Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
|
||||
Koushik <raghavendra.koushik@neterion.com>
|
||||
Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org> <k.kozlowski@samsung.com>
|
||||
Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org> <k.kozlowski.k@gmail.com>
|
||||
|
||||
72
CREDITS
72
CREDITS
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ S: Romania
|
||||
|
||||
N: Mark Adler
|
||||
E: madler@alumni.caltech.edu
|
||||
W: http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~madler/
|
||||
W: https://alumnus.caltech.edu/~madler/
|
||||
D: zlib decompression
|
||||
|
||||
N: Monalisa Agrawal
|
||||
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ S: United Kingdom
|
||||
|
||||
N: Werner Almesberger
|
||||
E: werner@almesberger.net
|
||||
W: http://www.almesberger.net/
|
||||
W: https://www.almesberger.net/
|
||||
D: dosfs, LILO, some fd features, ATM, various other hacks here and there
|
||||
S: Buenos Aires
|
||||
S: Argentina
|
||||
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ S: USA
|
||||
|
||||
N: Erik Andersen
|
||||
E: andersen@codepoet.org
|
||||
W: http://www.codepoet.org/
|
||||
W: https://www.codepoet.org/
|
||||
P: 1024D/30D39057 1BC4 2742 E885 E4DE 9301 0C82 5F9B 643E 30D3 9057
|
||||
D: Maintainer of ide-cd and Uniform CD-ROM driver,
|
||||
D: ATAPI CD-Changer support, Major 2.1.x CD-ROM update.
|
||||
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ S: Canada K2P 0X3
|
||||
|
||||
N: H. Peter Anvin
|
||||
E: hpa@zytor.com
|
||||
W: http://www.zytor.com/~hpa/
|
||||
W: https://www.zytor.com/~hpa/
|
||||
P: 2047/2A960705 BA 03 D3 2C 14 A8 A8 BD 1E DF FE 69 EE 35 BD 74
|
||||
D: Author of the SYSLINUX boot loader, maintainer of the linux.* news
|
||||
D: hierarchy and the Linux Device List; various kernel hacks
|
||||
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ S: USA
|
||||
|
||||
N: Andrea Arcangeli
|
||||
E: andrea@suse.de
|
||||
W: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/andrea/
|
||||
W: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/andrea/
|
||||
P: 1024D/68B9CB43 13D9 8355 295F 4823 7C49 C012 DFA1 686E 68B9 CB43
|
||||
P: 1024R/CB4660B9 CC A0 71 81 F4 A0 63 AC C0 4B 81 1D 8C 15 C8 E5
|
||||
D: Parport hacker
|
||||
@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ S: Haifa, Israel
|
||||
|
||||
N: Johannes Berg
|
||||
E: johannes@sipsolutions.net
|
||||
W: http://johannes.sipsolutions.net/
|
||||
W: https://johannes.sipsolutions.net/
|
||||
P: 4096R/7BF9099A C0EB C440 F6DA 091C 884D 8532 E0F3 73F3 7BF9 099A
|
||||
D: powerpc & 802.11 hacker
|
||||
|
||||
@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ D: Original author of the Linux networking code
|
||||
|
||||
N: Anton Blanchard
|
||||
E: anton@samba.org
|
||||
W: http://samba.org/~anton/
|
||||
W: https://samba.org/~anton/
|
||||
P: 1024/8462A731 4C 55 86 34 44 59 A7 99 2B 97 88 4A 88 9A 0D 97
|
||||
D: sun4 port, Sparc hacker
|
||||
|
||||
@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ S: Sweden
|
||||
|
||||
N: Paul Bristow
|
||||
E: paul@paulbristow.net
|
||||
W: http://paulbristow.net/linux/idefloppy.html
|
||||
W: https://paulbristow.net/linux/idefloppy.html
|
||||
D: Maintainer of IDE/ATAPI floppy driver
|
||||
|
||||
N: Stefano Brivio
|
||||
@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ D: Broadcom B43 driver
|
||||
|
||||
N: Dominik Brodowski
|
||||
E: linux@brodo.de
|
||||
W: http://www.brodo.de/
|
||||
W: https://www.brodo.de/
|
||||
P: 1024D/725B37C6 190F 3E77 9C89 3B6D BECD 46EE 67C3 0308 725B 37C6
|
||||
D: parts of CPUFreq code, ACPI bugfixes, PCMCIA rewrite, cpufrequtils
|
||||
S: Tuebingen, Germany
|
||||
@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ D: Promise DC4030VL caching HD controller drivers
|
||||
|
||||
N: Todd J. Derr
|
||||
E: tjd@fore.com
|
||||
W: http://www.wordsmith.org/~tjd
|
||||
W: https://www.wordsmith.org/~tjd
|
||||
D: Random console hacks and other miscellaneous stuff
|
||||
S: 3000 FORE Drive
|
||||
S: Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15086
|
||||
@ -894,8 +894,8 @@ S: USA
|
||||
|
||||
N: Matt Domsch
|
||||
E: Matt_Domsch@dell.com
|
||||
W: http://www.dell.com/linux
|
||||
W: http://domsch.com/linux
|
||||
W: https://www.dell.com/linux
|
||||
W: https://domsch.com/linux
|
||||
D: Linux/IA-64
|
||||
D: Dell PowerEdge server, SCSI layer, misc drivers, and other patches
|
||||
S: Dell Inc.
|
||||
@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ S: USA
|
||||
|
||||
N: Randy Dunlap
|
||||
E: rdunlap@infradead.org
|
||||
W: http://www.infradead.org/~rdunlap/
|
||||
W: https://www.infradead.org/~rdunlap/
|
||||
D: Linux-USB subsystem, USB core/UHCI/printer/storage drivers
|
||||
D: x86 SMP, ACPI, bootflag hacking
|
||||
D: documentation, builds
|
||||
@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ S: Germany
|
||||
|
||||
N: Jeremy Fitzhardinge
|
||||
E: jeremy@goop.org
|
||||
W: http://www.goop.org/~jeremy
|
||||
W: https://www.goop.org/~jeremy
|
||||
D: author of userfs filesystem
|
||||
D: Improved mmap and munmap handling
|
||||
D: General mm minor tidyups
|
||||
@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ S: The Netherlands
|
||||
|
||||
N: Oliver Hartkopp
|
||||
E: oliver.hartkopp@volkswagen.de
|
||||
W: http://www.volkswagen.de
|
||||
W: https://www.volkswagen.de
|
||||
D: Controller Area Network (network layer core)
|
||||
S: Brieffach 1776
|
||||
S: 38436 Wolfsburg
|
||||
@ -1599,13 +1599,13 @@ S: Germany
|
||||
|
||||
N: Kenji Hollis
|
||||
E: kenji@bitgate.com
|
||||
W: http://www.bitgate.com/
|
||||
W: https://www.bitgate.com/
|
||||
D: Berkshire PC Watchdog Driver
|
||||
D: Small/Industrial Driver Project
|
||||
|
||||
N: Nick Holloway
|
||||
E: Nick.Holloway@pyrites.org.uk
|
||||
W: http://www.pyrites.org.uk/
|
||||
W: https://www.pyrites.org.uk/
|
||||
P: 1024/36115A04 F4E1 3384 FCFD C055 15D6 BA4C AB03 FBF8 3611 5A04
|
||||
D: Occasional Linux hacker...
|
||||
S: (ask for current address)
|
||||
@ -1655,7 +1655,7 @@ S: USA
|
||||
|
||||
N: Harald Hoyer
|
||||
E: harald@redhat.com
|
||||
W: http://www.harald-hoyer.de
|
||||
W: https://www.harald-hoyer.de
|
||||
D: ip_masq_quake
|
||||
D: md boot support
|
||||
S: Am Strand 5
|
||||
@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@ E: kas@fi.muni.cz
|
||||
D: Author of the COSA/SRP sync serial board driver.
|
||||
D: Port of the syncppp.c from the 2.0 to the 2.1 kernel.
|
||||
P: 1024/D3498839 0D 99 A7 FB 20 66 05 D7 8B 35 FC DE 05 B1 8A 5E
|
||||
W: http://www.fi.muni.cz/~kas/
|
||||
W: https://www.fi.muni.cz/~kas/
|
||||
S: c/o Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University
|
||||
S: Botanicka' 68a
|
||||
S: 602 00 Brno
|
||||
@ -2017,7 +2017,7 @@ S: Prague, Czech Republic
|
||||
|
||||
N: Gene Kozin
|
||||
E: 74604.152@compuserve.com
|
||||
W: http://www.sangoma.com
|
||||
W: https://www.sangoma.com
|
||||
D: WAN Router & Sangoma WAN drivers
|
||||
S: Sangoma Technologies Inc.
|
||||
S: 7170 Warden Avenue, Unit 2
|
||||
@ -2112,7 +2112,7 @@ D: Original author of software suspend
|
||||
|
||||
N: Jaroslav Kysela
|
||||
E: perex@perex.cz
|
||||
W: http://www.perex.cz
|
||||
W: https://www.perex.cz
|
||||
D: Original Author and Maintainer for HP 10/100 Mbit Network Adapters
|
||||
D: ISA PnP
|
||||
S: Sindlovy Dvory 117
|
||||
@ -2316,7 +2316,7 @@ S: Finland
|
||||
|
||||
N: Daniel J. Maas
|
||||
E: dmaas@dcine.com
|
||||
W: http://www.maasdigital.com
|
||||
W: https://www.maasdigital.com
|
||||
D: dv1394
|
||||
|
||||
N: Hamish Macdonald
|
||||
@ -2647,7 +2647,7 @@ D: bug fixes, documentation, minor hackery
|
||||
|
||||
N: Paul Moore
|
||||
E: paul@paul-moore.com
|
||||
W: http://www.paul-moore.com
|
||||
W: https://www.paul-moore.com
|
||||
D: NetLabel, SELinux, audit
|
||||
|
||||
N: James Morris
|
||||
@ -2786,7 +2786,7 @@ N: David C. Niemi
|
||||
E: niemi@tux.org
|
||||
W: http://www.tux.org/~niemi/
|
||||
D: Assistant maintainer of Mtools, fdutils, and floppy driver
|
||||
D: Administrator of Tux.Org Linux Server, http://www.tux.org
|
||||
D: Administrator of Tux.Org Linux Server, https://www.tux.org
|
||||
S: 2364 Old Trail Drive
|
||||
S: Reston, Virginia 20191
|
||||
S: USA
|
||||
@ -2850,7 +2850,7 @@ S: USA
|
||||
|
||||
N: Mikulas Patocka
|
||||
E: mikulas@artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz
|
||||
W: http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/
|
||||
W: https://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/
|
||||
P: 1024/BB11D2D5 A0 F1 28 4A C4 14 1E CF 92 58 7A 8F 69 BC A4 D3
|
||||
D: Read/write HPFS filesystem
|
||||
S: Weissova 8
|
||||
@ -2872,7 +2872,7 @@ D: RFC2385 Support for TCP
|
||||
|
||||
N: Barak A. Pearlmutter
|
||||
E: bap@cs.unm.edu
|
||||
W: http://www.cs.unm.edu/~bap/
|
||||
W: https://www.cs.unm.edu/~bap/
|
||||
P: 512/602D785D 9B A1 83 CD EE CB AD 93 20 C6 4C B7 F5 E9 60 D4
|
||||
D: Author of mark-and-sweep GC integrated by Alan Cox
|
||||
S: Computer Science Department
|
||||
@ -3035,7 +3035,7 @@ S: United Kingdom
|
||||
|
||||
N: Daniel Quinlan
|
||||
E: quinlan@pathname.com
|
||||
W: http://www.pathname.com/~quinlan/
|
||||
W: https://www.pathname.com/~quinlan/
|
||||
D: FSSTND coordinator; FHS editor
|
||||
D: random Linux documentation, patches, and hacks
|
||||
S: 4390 Albany Drive #41A
|
||||
@ -3130,7 +3130,7 @@ S: France
|
||||
|
||||
N: Rik van Riel
|
||||
E: riel@redhat.com
|
||||
W: http://www.surriel.com/
|
||||
W: https://www.surriel.com/
|
||||
D: Linux-MM site, Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/*, swap/mm readaround
|
||||
D: kswapd fixes, random kernel hacker, rmap VM,
|
||||
D: nl.linux.org administrator, minor scheduler additions
|
||||
@ -3246,7 +3246,7 @@ S: Germany
|
||||
|
||||
N: Paul `Rusty' Russell
|
||||
E: rusty@rustcorp.com.au
|
||||
W: http://ozlabs.org/~rusty
|
||||
W: https://ozlabs.org/~rusty
|
||||
D: Ruggedly handsome.
|
||||
D: netfilter, ipchains with Michael Neuling.
|
||||
S: 52 Moore St
|
||||
@ -3369,7 +3369,7 @@ S: Germany
|
||||
|
||||
N: Robert Schwebel
|
||||
E: robert@schwebel.de
|
||||
W: http://www.schwebel.de
|
||||
W: https://www.schwebel.de
|
||||
D: Embedded hacker and book author,
|
||||
D: AMD Elan support for Linux
|
||||
S: Pengutronix
|
||||
@ -3545,7 +3545,7 @@ S: Australia
|
||||
N: Henrik Storner
|
||||
E: storner@image.dk
|
||||
W: http://www.image.dk/~storner/
|
||||
W: http://www.sslug.dk/
|
||||
W: https://www.sslug.dk/
|
||||
D: Configure script: Invented tristate for module-configuration
|
||||
D: vfat/msdos integration, kerneld docs, Linux promotion
|
||||
D: Miscellaneous bug-fixes
|
||||
@ -3579,7 +3579,7 @@ S: USA
|
||||
|
||||
N: Eugene Surovegin
|
||||
E: ebs@ebshome.net
|
||||
W: http://kernel.ebshome.net/
|
||||
W: https://kernel.ebshome.net/
|
||||
P: 1024D/AE5467F1 FF22 39F1 6728 89F6 6E6C 2365 7602 F33D AE54 67F1
|
||||
D: Embedded PowerPC 4xx: EMAC, I2C, PIC and random hacks/fixes
|
||||
S: Sunnyvale, California 94085
|
||||
@ -3609,7 +3609,7 @@ S: France
|
||||
|
||||
N: Urs Thuermann
|
||||
E: urs.thuermann@volkswagen.de
|
||||
W: http://www.volkswagen.de
|
||||
W: https://www.volkswagen.de
|
||||
D: Controller Area Network (network layer core)
|
||||
S: Brieffach 1776
|
||||
S: 38436 Wolfsburg
|
||||
@ -3656,7 +3656,7 @@ S: Canada K2L 1S2
|
||||
|
||||
N: Andrew Tridgell
|
||||
E: tridge@samba.org
|
||||
W: http://samba.org/tridge/
|
||||
W: https://samba.org/tridge/
|
||||
D: dosemu, networking, samba
|
||||
S: 3 Ballow Crescent
|
||||
S: MacGregor A.C.T 2615
|
||||
@ -3894,7 +3894,7 @@ D: The Linux Support Team Erlangen
|
||||
N: David Weinehall
|
||||
E: tao@acc.umu.se
|
||||
P: 1024D/DC47CA16 7ACE 0FB0 7A74 F994 9B36 E1D1 D14E 8526 DC47 CA16
|
||||
W: http://www.acc.umu.se/~tao/
|
||||
W: https://www.acc.umu.se/~tao/
|
||||
D: v2.0 kernel maintainer
|
||||
D: Fixes for the NE/2-driver
|
||||
D: Miscellaneous MCA-support
|
||||
@ -3919,7 +3919,7 @@ S: USA
|
||||
N: Harald Welte
|
||||
E: laforge@netfilter.org
|
||||
P: 1024D/30F48BFF DBDE 6912 8831 9A53 879B 9190 5DA5 C655 30F4 8BFF
|
||||
W: http://gnumonks.org/users/laforge
|
||||
W: https://gnumonks.org/users/laforge
|
||||
D: netfilter: new nat helper infrastructure
|
||||
D: netfilter: ULOG, ECN, DSCP target
|
||||
D: netfilter: TTL match
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Description:
|
||||
to device min/max capabilities. Values are integer as they are
|
||||
stored in a 8bit register in the device. Lowest value is
|
||||
automatically put to TL. Once set, alarms could be search at
|
||||
master level, refer to Documentation/w1/w1_generic.rst for
|
||||
master level, refer to Documentation/w1/w1-generic.rst for
|
||||
detailed information
|
||||
Users: any user space application which wants to communicate with
|
||||
w1_term device
|
||||
|
||||
26
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-test.rst
Normal file
26
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-test.rst
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
|
||||
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
PCI Test Endpoint Function
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
name: Should be "pci_epf_test" to bind to the pci_epf_test driver.
|
||||
|
||||
Configurable Fields:
|
||||
|
||||
================ ===========================================================
|
||||
vendorid should be 0x104c
|
||||
deviceid should be 0xb500 for DRA74x and 0xb501 for DRA72x
|
||||
revid don't care
|
||||
progif_code don't care
|
||||
subclass_code don't care
|
||||
baseclass_code should be 0xff
|
||||
cache_line_size don't care
|
||||
subsys_vendor_id don't care
|
||||
subsys_id don't care
|
||||
interrupt_pin Should be 1 - INTA, 2 - INTB, 3 - INTC, 4 -INTD
|
||||
msi_interrupts Should be 1 to 32 depending on the number of MSI interrupts
|
||||
to test
|
||||
msix_interrupts Should be 1 to 2048 depending on the number of MSI-X
|
||||
interrupts to test
|
||||
================ ===========================================================
|
||||
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
|
||||
PCI TEST ENDPOINT FUNCTION
|
||||
|
||||
name: Should be "pci_epf_test" to bind to the pci_epf_test driver.
|
||||
|
||||
Configurable Fields:
|
||||
vendorid : should be 0x104c
|
||||
deviceid : should be 0xb500 for DRA74x and 0xb501 for DRA72x
|
||||
revid : don't care
|
||||
progif_code : don't care
|
||||
subclass_code : don't care
|
||||
baseclass_code : should be 0xff
|
||||
cache_line_size : don't care
|
||||
subsys_vendor_id : don't care
|
||||
subsys_id : don't care
|
||||
interrupt_pin : Should be 1 - INTA, 2 - INTB, 3 - INTC, 4 -INTD
|
||||
msi_interrupts : Should be 1 to 32 depending on the number of MSI interrupts
|
||||
to test
|
||||
msix_interrupts : Should be 1 to 2048 depending on the number of MSI-X
|
||||
interrupts to test
|
||||
@ -11,3 +11,5 @@ PCI Endpoint Framework
|
||||
pci-endpoint-cfs
|
||||
pci-test-function
|
||||
pci-test-howto
|
||||
|
||||
function/binding/pci-test
|
||||
|
||||
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Directory Structure
|
||||
|
||||
The pci_ep configfs has two directories at its root: controllers and
|
||||
functions. Every EPC device present in the system will have an entry in
|
||||
the *controllers* directory and and every EPF driver present in the system
|
||||
the *controllers* directory and every EPF driver present in the system
|
||||
will have an entry in the *functions* directory.
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ pci-ep-cfs.c can be used as reference for using these APIs.
|
||||
* pci_epf_create()
|
||||
|
||||
Create a new PCI EPF device by passing the name of the PCI EPF device.
|
||||
This name will be used to bind the the EPF device to a EPF driver.
|
||||
This name will be used to bind the EPF device to a EPF driver.
|
||||
|
||||
* pci_epf_destroy()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ STEP 4: Slot Reset
|
||||
------------------
|
||||
|
||||
In response to a return value of PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, the
|
||||
the platform will perform a slot reset on the requesting PCI device(s).
|
||||
platform will perform a slot reset on the requesting PCI device(s).
|
||||
The actual steps taken by a platform to perform a slot reset
|
||||
will be platform-dependent. Upon completion of slot reset, the
|
||||
platform will call the device slot_reset() callback.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ the PCI device by calling pci_enable_device(). This will:
|
||||
OS BUG: we don't check resource allocations before enabling those
|
||||
resources. The sequence would make more sense if we called
|
||||
pci_request_resources() before calling pci_enable_device().
|
||||
Currently, the device drivers can't detect the bug when when two
|
||||
Currently, the device drivers can't detect the bug when two
|
||||
devices have been allocated the same range. This is not a common
|
||||
problem and unlikely to get fixed soon.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ Set the DMA mask size
|
||||
---------------------
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
If anything below doesn't make sense, please refer to
|
||||
Documentation/DMA-API.txt. This section is just a reminder that
|
||||
:doc:`/core-api/dma-api`. This section is just a reminder that
|
||||
drivers need to indicate DMA capabilities of the device and is not
|
||||
an authoritative source for DMA interfaces.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ Many 64-bit "PCI" devices (before PCI-X) and some PCI-X devices are
|
||||
Setup shared control data
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
Once the DMA masks are set, the driver can allocate "consistent" (a.k.a. shared)
|
||||
memory. See Documentation/DMA-API.txt for a full description of
|
||||
memory. See :doc:`/core-api/dma-api` for a full description of
|
||||
the DMA APIs. This section is just a reminder that it needs to be done
|
||||
before enabling DMA on the device.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ owners if there is one.
|
||||
|
||||
Then clean up "consistent" buffers which contain the control data.
|
||||
|
||||
See Documentation/DMA-API.txt for details on unmapping interfaces.
|
||||
See :doc:`/core-api/dma-api` for details on unmapping interfaces.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Unregister from other subsystems
|
||||
|
||||
@ -19,9 +19,10 @@ attach to other running processes (e.g. Firefox, SSH sessions, GPG agent,
|
||||
etc) to extract additional credentials and continue to expand the scope
|
||||
of their attack without resorting to user-assisted phishing.
|
||||
|
||||
This is not a theoretical problem. SSH session hijacking
|
||||
(http://www.storm.net.nz/projects/7) and arbitrary code injection
|
||||
(http://c-skills.blogspot.com/2007/05/injectso.html) attacks already
|
||||
This is not a theoretical problem. `SSH session hijacking
|
||||
<https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf>`_
|
||||
and `arbitrary code injection
|
||||
<https://c-skills.blogspot.com/2007/05/injectso.html>`_ attacks already
|
||||
exist and remain possible if ptrace is allowed to operate as before.
|
||||
Since ptrace is not commonly used by non-developers and non-admins, system
|
||||
builders should be allowed the option to disable this debugging system.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Description
|
||||
clusters and in this context, is a "drop-in" replacement for shared
|
||||
storage. Simplistically, you could see it as a network RAID 1.
|
||||
|
||||
Please visit http://www.drbd.org to find out more.
|
||||
Please visit https://www.drbd.org to find out more.
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ FAQ list:
|
||||
=========
|
||||
|
||||
A FAQ list may be found in the fdutils package (see below), and also
|
||||
at <http://fdutils.linux.lu/faq.html>.
|
||||
at <https://fdutils.linux.lu/faq.html>.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
LILO configuration options (Thinkpad users, read this)
|
||||
@ -220,11 +220,11 @@ It also contains additional documentation about the floppy driver.
|
||||
|
||||
The latest version can be found at fdutils homepage:
|
||||
|
||||
http://fdutils.linux.lu
|
||||
https://fdutils.linux.lu
|
||||
|
||||
The fdutils releases can be found at:
|
||||
|
||||
http://fdutils.linux.lu/download.html
|
||||
https://fdutils.linux.lu/download.html
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.tux.org/pub/knaff/fdutils/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -114,4 +114,4 @@ Following resources can be accounted by rdma controller.
|
||||
|
||||
(d) Delete resource limit::
|
||||
|
||||
echo echo mlx4_0 hca_handle=max hca_object=max > /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/1/rdma.max
|
||||
echo mlx4_0 hca_handle=max hca_object=max > /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/1/rdma.max
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1683,9 +1683,9 @@ per-cgroup dirty memory states are examined and the more restrictive
|
||||
of the two is enforced.
|
||||
|
||||
cgroup writeback requires explicit support from the underlying
|
||||
filesystem. Currently, cgroup writeback is implemented on ext2, ext4
|
||||
and btrfs. On other filesystems, all writeback IOs are attributed to
|
||||
the root cgroup.
|
||||
filesystem. Currently, cgroup writeback is implemented on ext2, ext4,
|
||||
btrfs, f2fs, and xfs. On other filesystems, all writeback IOs are
|
||||
attributed to the root cgroup.
|
||||
|
||||
There are inherent differences in memory and writeback management
|
||||
which affects how cgroup ownership is tracked. Memory is tracked per
|
||||
@ -2042,7 +2042,7 @@ RDMA
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The "rdma" controller regulates the distribution and accounting of
|
||||
of RDMA resources.
|
||||
RDMA resources.
|
||||
|
||||
RDMA Interface Files
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ x) Finish support for SMB3.1.1 compression
|
||||
Known Bugs
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
See http://bugzilla.samba.org - search on product "CifsVFS" for
|
||||
See https://bugzilla.samba.org - search on product "CifsVFS" for
|
||||
current bug list. Also check http://bugzilla.kernel.org (Product = File System, Component = CIFS)
|
||||
|
||||
1) existing symbolic links (Windows reparse points) are recognized but
|
||||
|
||||
@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ standard for interoperating between Macs and Windows and major NAS appliances.
|
||||
|
||||
Please see
|
||||
MS-SMB2 (for detailed SMB2/SMB3/SMB3.1.1 protocol specification)
|
||||
http://protocolfreedom.org/ and
|
||||
http://samba.org/samba/PFIF/
|
||||
or https://samba.org/samba/PFIF/
|
||||
for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ Build instructions
|
||||
|
||||
For Linux:
|
||||
|
||||
1) Download the kernel (e.g. from http://www.kernel.org)
|
||||
1) Download the kernel (e.g. from https://www.kernel.org)
|
||||
and change directory into the top of the kernel directory tree
|
||||
(e.g. /usr/src/linux-2.5.73)
|
||||
2) make menuconfig (or make xconfig)
|
||||
@ -831,7 +830,7 @@ the active sessions and the shares that are mounted.
|
||||
Enabling Kerberos (extended security) works but requires version 1.2 or later
|
||||
of the helper program cifs.upcall to be present and to be configured in the
|
||||
/etc/request-key.conf file. The cifs.upcall helper program is from the Samba
|
||||
project(http://www.samba.org). NTLM and NTLMv2 and LANMAN support do not
|
||||
project(https://www.samba.org). NTLM and NTLMv2 and LANMAN support do not
|
||||
require this helper. Note that NTLMv2 security (which does not require the
|
||||
cifs.upcall helper program), instead of using Kerberos, is sufficient for
|
||||
some use cases.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
|
||||
# GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
# along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
#
|
||||
|
||||
while(<>) {
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Please go to http://support.dell.com register and you can find info on
|
||||
OpenManage and Dell Update packages (DUP).
|
||||
|
||||
Libsmbios can also be used to update BIOS on Dell systems go to
|
||||
http://linux.dell.com/libsmbios/ for details.
|
||||
https://linux.dell.com/libsmbios/ for details.
|
||||
|
||||
Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monolithic image and packetized
|
||||
image methods. In case of monolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk
|
||||
|
||||
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ To use the target for the first time:
|
||||
will format the device
|
||||
3. unload the dm-integrity target
|
||||
4. read the "provided_data_sectors" value from the superblock
|
||||
5. load the dm-integrity target with the the target size
|
||||
5. load the dm-integrity target with the target size
|
||||
"provided_data_sectors"
|
||||
6. if you want to use dm-integrity with dm-crypt, load the dm-crypt target
|
||||
with the size "provided_data_sectors"
|
||||
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ interleave_sectors:number
|
||||
the superblock is used.
|
||||
|
||||
meta_device:device
|
||||
Don't interleave the data and metadata on on device. Use a
|
||||
Don't interleave the data and metadata on the device. Use a
|
||||
separate device for metadata.
|
||||
|
||||
buffer_sectors:number
|
||||
|
||||
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ The target is named "raid" and it accepts the following parameters::
|
||||
============= ===============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Reference: Chapter 4 of
|
||||
http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SNIA_DDF_Technical_Position_v2.0.pdf
|
||||
https://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SNIA_DDF_Technical_Position_v2.0.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
<#raid_params>: The number of parameters that follow.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ host-aware zoned block devices.
|
||||
For a more detailed description of the zoned block device models and
|
||||
their constraints see (for SCSI devices):
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.t10.org/drafts.htm#ZBC_Family
|
||||
https://www.t10.org/drafts.htm#ZBC_Family
|
||||
|
||||
and (for ATA devices):
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -375,8 +375,9 @@
|
||||
239 = /dev/uhid User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem
|
||||
240 = /dev/userio Serio driver testing device
|
||||
241 = /dev/vhost-vsock Host kernel driver for virtio vsock
|
||||
242 = /dev/rfkill Turning off radio transmissions (rfkill)
|
||||
|
||||
242-254 Reserved for local use
|
||||
243-254 Reserved for local use
|
||||
255 Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR
|
||||
|
||||
11 char Raw keyboard device (Linux/SPARC only)
|
||||
@ -1442,7 +1443,7 @@
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
The driver and documentation may be obtained from
|
||||
http://www.winradio.com/
|
||||
https://www.winradio.com/
|
||||
|
||||
82 block I2O hard disk
|
||||
0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
|
||||
@ -1656,7 +1657,7 @@
|
||||
dynamically, so there is no fixed mapping from subdevice
|
||||
pathnames to minor numbers.
|
||||
|
||||
See http://www.comedi.org/ for information about the Comedi
|
||||
See https://www.comedi.org/ for information about the Comedi
|
||||
project.
|
||||
|
||||
98 block User-mode virtual block device
|
||||
@ -1723,7 +1724,7 @@
|
||||
implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy
|
||||
mounting. For more information about the project,
|
||||
write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or see
|
||||
http://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/
|
||||
https://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/
|
||||
|
||||
103 block Audit device
|
||||
0 = /dev/audit Audit device
|
||||
|
||||
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ kernel source: <file:fs/ext4/>
|
||||
|
||||
programs: http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
|
||||
useful links: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ext3-devel
|
||||
useful links: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ext3-devel
|
||||
http://www.bullopensource.org/ext4/
|
||||
http://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page
|
||||
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Ext4
|
||||
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Ext4
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ to the core through the special register mechanism that is susceptible
|
||||
to MDS attacks.
|
||||
|
||||
Affected processors
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
Core models (desktop, mobile, Xeon-E3) that implement RDRAND and/or RDSEED may
|
||||
be affected.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ executed on another core or sibling thread using MDS techniques.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mitigation mechanism
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
Intel will release microcode updates that modify the RDRAND, RDSEED, and
|
||||
EGETKEY instructions to overwrite secret special register data in the shared
|
||||
staging buffer before the secret data can be accessed by another logical
|
||||
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ with the option "srbds=". The option for this is:
|
||||
============= =============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
SRBDS System Information
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
------------------------
|
||||
The Linux kernel provides vulnerability status information through sysfs. For
|
||||
SRBDS this can be accessed by the following sysfs file:
|
||||
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/srbds
|
||||
|
||||
@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ problems and bugs in particular.
|
||||
init
|
||||
kdump/index
|
||||
perf/index
|
||||
pstore-blk
|
||||
|
||||
This is the beginning of a section with information of interest to
|
||||
application developers. Documents covering various aspects of the kernel
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1212,26 +1212,28 @@
|
||||
Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
|
||||
|
||||
efi= [EFI]
|
||||
Format: { "old_map", "nochunk", "noruntime", "debug",
|
||||
"nosoftreserve", "disable_early_pci_dma",
|
||||
"no_disable_early_pci_dma" }
|
||||
old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI
|
||||
runtime services mapping. [Needs CONFIG_X86_UV=y]
|
||||
Format: { "debug", "disable_early_pci_dma",
|
||||
"nochunk", "noruntime", "nosoftreserve",
|
||||
"novamap", "no_disable_early_pci_dma",
|
||||
"old_map" }
|
||||
debug: enable misc debug output.
|
||||
disable_early_pci_dma: disable the busmaster bit on all
|
||||
PCI bridges while in the EFI boot stub.
|
||||
nochunk: disable reading files in "chunks" in the EFI
|
||||
boot stub, as chunking can cause problems with some
|
||||
firmware implementations.
|
||||
noruntime : disable EFI runtime services support
|
||||
debug: enable misc debug output
|
||||
nosoftreserve: The EFI_MEMORY_SP (Specific Purpose)
|
||||
attribute may cause the kernel to reserve the
|
||||
memory range for a memory mapping driver to
|
||||
claim. Specify efi=nosoftreserve to disable this
|
||||
reservation and treat the memory by its base type
|
||||
(i.e. EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY / "System RAM").
|
||||
disable_early_pci_dma: Disable the busmaster bit on all
|
||||
PCI bridges while in the EFI boot stub
|
||||
novamap: do not call SetVirtualAddressMap().
|
||||
no_disable_early_pci_dma: Leave the busmaster bit set
|
||||
on all PCI bridges while in the EFI boot stub
|
||||
old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI
|
||||
runtime services mapping. [Needs CONFIG_X86_UV=y]
|
||||
|
||||
efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI; X86]
|
||||
Using this parameter you can use more than 50% of
|
||||
@ -2791,7 +2793,7 @@
|
||||
touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
|
||||
kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
|
||||
in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
|
||||
http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
|
||||
https://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
|
||||
|
||||
mitigations=
|
||||
[X86,PPC,S390,ARM64] Control optional mitigations for
|
||||
|
||||
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ single project which, although still considered experimental, is fit
|
||||
for use. Please feel free to add projects that have been the victims
|
||||
of my ignorance.
|
||||
|
||||
- http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/HDAPS
|
||||
- https://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/HDAPS
|
||||
|
||||
See this page for information about Linux support of the hard disk
|
||||
active protection system as implemented in IBM/Lenovo Thinkpads.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Bugs:
|
||||
different way to adjust the backlighting of the screen. There
|
||||
is a userspace utility to adjust the brightness on those models,
|
||||
which can be downloaded from
|
||||
http://www.acc.umu.se/~erikw/program/smartdimmer-0.1.tar.bz2
|
||||
https://www.acc.umu.se/~erikw/program/smartdimmer-0.1.tar.bz2
|
||||
|
||||
- since all development was done by reverse engineering, there is
|
||||
*absolutely no guarantee* that this driver will not crash your
|
||||
|
||||
@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ temperatures:
|
||||
The mapping of thermal sensors to physical locations varies depending on
|
||||
system-board model (and thus, on ThinkPad model).
|
||||
|
||||
http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors is a public wiki page that
|
||||
https://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors is a public wiki page that
|
||||
tries to track down these locations for various models.
|
||||
|
||||
Most (newer?) models seem to follow this pattern:
|
||||
@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ For the R51 (source: Thomas Gruber):
|
||||
- 3: Internal HDD
|
||||
|
||||
For the T43, T43/p (source: Shmidoax/Thinkwiki.org)
|
||||
http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors#ThinkPad_T43.2C_T43p
|
||||
https://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors#ThinkPad_T43.2C_T43p
|
||||
|
||||
- 2: System board, left side (near PCMCIA slot), reported as HDAPS temp
|
||||
- 3: PCMCIA slot
|
||||
@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors#ThinkPad_T43.2C_T43p
|
||||
- 11: Power regulator, underside of system board, below F2 key
|
||||
|
||||
The A31 has a very atypical layout for the thermal sensors
|
||||
(source: Milos Popovic, http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors#ThinkPad_A31)
|
||||
(source: Milos Popovic, https://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors#ThinkPad_A31)
|
||||
|
||||
- 1: CPU
|
||||
- 2: Main Battery: main sensor
|
||||
|
||||
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ built as modules.
|
||||
Those GPU-specific drivers are selected via the ``Graphics support``
|
||||
menu, under ``Device Drivers``.
|
||||
|
||||
When a GPU driver supports supports HDMI CEC, it will automatically
|
||||
When a GPU driver supports HDMI CEC, it will automatically
|
||||
enable the CEC core support at the media subsystem.
|
||||
|
||||
Media dependencies
|
||||
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ functionality.
|
||||
If you have an hybrid card, you may need to enable both ``Analog TV``
|
||||
and ``Digital TV`` at the menu.
|
||||
|
||||
When using this option, the defaults for the the media support core
|
||||
When using this option, the defaults for the media support core
|
||||
functionality are usually good enough to provide the basic functionality
|
||||
for the driver. Yet, you could manually enable some desired extra (optional)
|
||||
functionality using the settings under each of the following
|
||||
|
||||
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ physical memory (demand paging) and provides a mechanism for the
|
||||
protection and controlled sharing of data between processes.
|
||||
|
||||
With virtual memory, each and every memory access uses a virtual
|
||||
address. When the CPU decodes the an instruction that reads (or
|
||||
address. When the CPU decodes an instruction that reads (or
|
||||
writes) from (or to) the system memory, it translates the `virtual`
|
||||
address encoded in that instruction to a `physical` address that the
|
||||
memory controller can understand.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -101,37 +101,48 @@ be specified in bytes with optional scale suffix [kKmMgG]. The default huge
|
||||
page size may be selected with the "default_hugepagesz=<size>" boot parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
Hugetlb boot command line parameter semantics
|
||||
hugepagesz - Specify a huge page size. Used in conjunction with hugepages
|
||||
|
||||
hugepagesz
|
||||
Specify a huge page size. Used in conjunction with hugepages
|
||||
parameter to preallocate a number of huge pages of the specified
|
||||
size. Hence, hugepagesz and hugepages are typically specified in
|
||||
pairs such as:
|
||||
pairs such as::
|
||||
|
||||
hugepagesz=2M hugepages=512
|
||||
|
||||
hugepagesz can only be specified once on the command line for a
|
||||
specific huge page size. Valid huge page sizes are architecture
|
||||
dependent.
|
||||
hugepages - Specify the number of huge pages to preallocate. This typically
|
||||
hugepages
|
||||
Specify the number of huge pages to preallocate. This typically
|
||||
follows a valid hugepagesz or default_hugepagesz parameter. However,
|
||||
if hugepages is the first or only hugetlb command line parameter it
|
||||
implicitly specifies the number of huge pages of default size to
|
||||
allocate. If the number of huge pages of default size is implicitly
|
||||
specified, it can not be overwritten by a hugepagesz,hugepages
|
||||
parameter pair for the default size.
|
||||
For example, on an architecture with 2M default huge page size:
|
||||
|
||||
For example, on an architecture with 2M default huge page size::
|
||||
|
||||
hugepages=256 hugepagesz=2M hugepages=512
|
||||
|
||||
will result in 256 2M huge pages being allocated and a warning message
|
||||
indicating that the hugepages=512 parameter is ignored. If a hugepages
|
||||
parameter is preceded by an invalid hugepagesz parameter, it will
|
||||
be ignored.
|
||||
default_hugepagesz - Specify the default huge page size. This parameter can
|
||||
default_hugepagesz
|
||||
pecify the default huge page size. This parameter can
|
||||
only be specified once on the command line. default_hugepagesz can
|
||||
optionally be followed by the hugepages parameter to preallocate a
|
||||
specific number of huge pages of default size. The number of default
|
||||
sized huge pages to preallocate can also be implicitly specified as
|
||||
mentioned in the hugepages section above. Therefore, on an
|
||||
architecture with 2M default huge page size:
|
||||
architecture with 2M default huge page size::
|
||||
|
||||
hugepages=256
|
||||
default_hugepagesz=2M hugepages=256
|
||||
hugepages=256 default_hugepagesz=2M
|
||||
|
||||
will all result in 256 2M huge pages being allocated. Valid default
|
||||
huge page size is architecture dependent.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ the Linux memory management.
|
||||
idle_page_tracking
|
||||
ksm
|
||||
memory-hotplug
|
||||
nommu-mmap
|
||||
numa_memory_policy
|
||||
numaperf
|
||||
pagemap
|
||||
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Overview
|
||||
|
||||
KSM is a memory-saving de-duplication feature, enabled by CONFIG_KSM=y,
|
||||
added to the Linux kernel in 2.6.32. See ``mm/ksm.c`` for its implementation,
|
||||
and http://lwn.net/Articles/306704/ and http://lwn.net/Articles/330589/
|
||||
and http://lwn.net/Articles/306704/ and https://lwn.net/Articles/330589/
|
||||
|
||||
KSM was originally developed for use with KVM (where it was known as
|
||||
Kernel Shared Memory), to fit more virtual machines into physical memory,
|
||||
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ with EAGAIN, but more probably arousing the Out-Of-Memory killer.
|
||||
If KSM is not configured into the running kernel, madvise MADV_MERGEABLE
|
||||
and MADV_UNMERGEABLE simply fail with EINVAL. If the running kernel was
|
||||
built with CONFIG_KSM=y, those calls will normally succeed: even if the
|
||||
the KSM daemon is not currently running, MADV_MERGEABLE still registers
|
||||
KSM daemon is not currently running, MADV_MERGEABLE still registers
|
||||
the range for whenever the KSM daemon is started; even if the range
|
||||
cannot contain any pages which KSM could actually merge; even if
|
||||
MADV_UNMERGEABLE is applied to a range which was never MADV_MERGEABLE.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ will create the following directory::
|
||||
|
||||
/sys/devices/system/node/nodeX/memory_side_cache/
|
||||
|
||||
If that directory is not present, the system either does not not provide
|
||||
If that directory is not present, the system either does not provide
|
||||
a memory-side cache, or that information is not accessible to the kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
The attributes for each level of cache is provided under its cache
|
||||
|
||||
@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ migrated onto another server by means of the special "fs_locations"
|
||||
attribute. See `RFC3530 Section 6: Filesystem Migration and Replication`_ and
|
||||
`Implementation Guide for Referrals in NFSv4`_.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _RFC3530 Section 6\: Filesystem Migration and Replication: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3530#section-6
|
||||
.. _Implementation Guide for Referrals in NFSv4: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-nfsv4-referrals-00
|
||||
.. _RFC3530 Section 6\: Filesystem Migration and Replication: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3530#section-6
|
||||
.. _Implementation Guide for Referrals in NFSv4: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-nfsv4-referrals-00
|
||||
|
||||
The fs_locations information can take the form of either an ip address and
|
||||
a path, or a DNS hostname and a path. The latter requires the NFS client to
|
||||
|
||||
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ use with NFS/RDMA.
|
||||
If the version is less than 1.1.2 or the command does not exist,
|
||||
you should install the latest version of nfs-utils.
|
||||
|
||||
Download the latest package from: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/nfs
|
||||
Download the latest package from: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/nfs
|
||||
|
||||
Uncompress the package and follow the installation instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ They depend on various facilities being available:
|
||||
access to the floppy drive device, /dev/fd0
|
||||
|
||||
For more information on syslinux, including how to create bootdisks
|
||||
for prebuilt kernels, see http://syslinux.zytor.com/
|
||||
for prebuilt kernels, see https://syslinux.zytor.com/
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
Previously it was possible to write a kernel directly to
|
||||
@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ They depend on various facilities being available:
|
||||
cdrecord dev=ATAPI:1,0,0 arch/x86/boot/image.iso
|
||||
|
||||
For more information on isolinux, including how to create bootdisks
|
||||
for prebuilt kernels, see http://syslinux.zytor.com/
|
||||
for prebuilt kernels, see https://syslinux.zytor.com/
|
||||
|
||||
- Using LILO
|
||||
|
||||
@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ They depend on various facilities being available:
|
||||
see Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst for more information.
|
||||
|
||||
For more information on isolinux, including how to create bootdisks
|
||||
for prebuilt kernels, see http://syslinux.zytor.com/
|
||||
for prebuilt kernels, see https://syslinux.zytor.com/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ to handling all the metadata access to the NFS export also hands out layouts
|
||||
to the clients to directly access the underlying block devices that are
|
||||
shared with the client.
|
||||
|
||||
To use pNFS block layouts with with the Linux NFS server the exported file
|
||||
To use pNFS block layouts with the Linux NFS server the exported file
|
||||
system needs to support the pNFS block layouts (currently just XFS), and the
|
||||
file system must sit on shared storage (typically iSCSI) that is accessible
|
||||
to the clients in addition to the MDS. As of now the file system needs to
|
||||
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ which in addition to handling all the metadata access to the NFS export,
|
||||
also hands out layouts to the clients so that they can directly access the
|
||||
underlying SCSI LUNs that are shared with the client.
|
||||
|
||||
To use pNFS SCSI layouts with with the Linux NFS server, the exported file
|
||||
To use pNFS SCSI layouts with the Linux NFS server, the exported file
|
||||
system needs to support the pNFS SCSI layouts (currently just XFS), and the
|
||||
file system must sit on a SCSI LUN that is accessible to the clients in
|
||||
addition to the MDS. As of now the file system needs to sit directly on the
|
||||
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Crosspoint PMU events require "xp" (index), "bus" (bus number)
|
||||
and "vc" (virtual channel ID).
|
||||
|
||||
Crosspoint watchpoint-based events (special "event" value 0xfe)
|
||||
require "xp" and "vc" as as above plus "port" (device port index),
|
||||
require "xp" and "vc" as above plus "port" (device port index),
|
||||
"dir" (transmit/receive direction), comparator values ("cmp_l"
|
||||
and "cmp_h") and "mask", being index of the comparator mask.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ base performance profile (which is performance level 0).
|
||||
Lock/Unlock status
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Even if there are multiple performance profiles, it is possible that that they
|
||||
Even if there are multiple performance profiles, it is possible that they
|
||||
are locked. If they are locked, users cannot issue a command to change the
|
||||
performance state. It is possible that there is a BIOS setup to unlock or check
|
||||
with your system vendor.
|
||||
@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ To enable Intel(R) SST-TF, execute::
|
||||
enable:success
|
||||
|
||||
In this case, the option "-a" is optional. If set, it enables Intel(R) SST-TF
|
||||
feature and also sets the CPUs to high and and low priority using Intel Speed
|
||||
feature and also sets the CPUs to high and low priority using Intel Speed
|
||||
Select Technology Core Power (Intel(R) SST-CP) features. The CPU numbers passed
|
||||
with "-c" arguments are marked as high priority, including its siblings.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ core (for the policies with other scaling governors).
|
||||
|
||||
The ``ftrace`` interface can be used for low-level diagnostics of
|
||||
``intel_pstate``. For example, to check how often the function to set a
|
||||
P-state is called, the ``ftrace`` filter can be set to to
|
||||
P-state is called, the ``ftrace`` filter can be set to
|
||||
:c:func:`intel_pstate_set_pstate`::
|
||||
|
||||
# cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/
|
||||
|
||||
@ -21,11 +21,18 @@ understand and fix the security vulnerability.
|
||||
|
||||
As it is with any bug, the more information provided the easier it
|
||||
will be to diagnose and fix. Please review the procedure outlined in
|
||||
admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst if you are unclear about what
|
||||
:doc:`reporting-bugs` if you are unclear about what
|
||||
information is helpful. Any exploit code is very helpful and will not
|
||||
be released without consent from the reporter unless it has already been
|
||||
made public.
|
||||
|
||||
Please send plain text emails without attachments where possible.
|
||||
It is much harder to have a context-quoted discussion about a complex
|
||||
issue if all the details are hidden away in attachments. Think of it like a
|
||||
:doc:`regular patch submission <../process/submitting-patches>`
|
||||
(even if you don't have a patch yet): describe the problem and impact, list
|
||||
reproduction steps, and follow it with a proposed fix, all in plain text.
|
||||
|
||||
Disclosure and embargoed information
|
||||
------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ directories like /tmp. The common method of exploitation of this flaw
|
||||
is to cross privilege boundaries when following a given symlink (i.e. a
|
||||
root process follows a symlink belonging to another user). For a likely
|
||||
incomplete list of hundreds of examples across the years, please see:
|
||||
http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=/tmp
|
||||
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=/tmp
|
||||
|
||||
When set to "0", symlink following behavior is unrestricted.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ This toggle indicates whether unprivileged users are prevented
|
||||
from using ``dmesg(8)`` to view messages from the kernel's log
|
||||
buffer.
|
||||
When ``dmesg_restrict`` is set to 0 there are no restrictions.
|
||||
When ``dmesg_restrict`` is set set to 1, users must have
|
||||
When ``dmesg_restrict`` is set to 1, users must have
|
||||
``CAP_SYSLOG`` to use ``dmesg(8)``.
|
||||
|
||||
The kernel config option ``CONFIG_SECURITY_DMESG_RESTRICT`` sets the
|
||||
@ -335,8 +335,8 @@ Path for the hotplug policy agent.
|
||||
Default value is "``/sbin/hotplug``".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
hung_task_all_cpu_backtrace:
|
||||
================
|
||||
hung_task_all_cpu_backtrace
|
||||
===========================
|
||||
|
||||
If this option is set, the kernel will send an NMI to all CPUs to dump
|
||||
their backtraces when a hung task is detected. This file shows up if
|
||||
@ -646,8 +646,8 @@ rate for each task.
|
||||
scanned for a given scan.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
oops_all_cpu_backtrace:
|
||||
================
|
||||
oops_all_cpu_backtrace
|
||||
======================
|
||||
|
||||
If this option is set, the kernel will send an NMI to all CPUs to dump
|
||||
their backtraces when an oops event occurs. It should be used as a last
|
||||
@ -996,6 +996,38 @@ pty
|
||||
See Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
random
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
This is a directory, with the following entries:
|
||||
|
||||
* ``boot_id``: a UUID generated the first time this is retrieved, and
|
||||
unvarying after that;
|
||||
|
||||
* ``entropy_avail``: the pool's entropy count, in bits;
|
||||
|
||||
* ``poolsize``: the entropy pool size, in bits;
|
||||
|
||||
* ``urandom_min_reseed_secs``: obsolete (used to determine the minimum
|
||||
number of seconds between urandom pool reseeding).
|
||||
|
||||
* ``uuid``: a UUID generated every time this is retrieved (this can
|
||||
thus be used to generate UUIDs at will);
|
||||
|
||||
* ``write_wakeup_threshold``: when the entropy count drops below this
|
||||
(as a number of bits), processes waiting to write to ``/dev/random``
|
||||
are woken up.
|
||||
|
||||
If ``drivers/char/random.c`` is built with ``ADD_INTERRUPT_BENCH``
|
||||
defined, these additional entries are present:
|
||||
|
||||
* ``add_interrupt_avg_cycles``: the average number of cycles between
|
||||
interrupts used to feed the pool;
|
||||
|
||||
* ``add_interrupt_avg_deviation``: the standard deviation seen on the
|
||||
number of cycles between interrupts used to feed the pool.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
randomize_va_space
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ trimming of allocations is initiated.
|
||||
|
||||
The default value is 1.
|
||||
|
||||
See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information.
|
||||
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/nommu-mmap.rst for more information.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
numa_zonelist_order
|
||||
|
||||
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ either letters or blanks. In above example it looks like this::
|
||||
|
||||
Tainted: P W O
|
||||
|
||||
The meaning of those characters is explained in the table below. In tis case
|
||||
The meaning of those characters is explained in the table below. In this case
|
||||
the kernel got tainted earlier because a proprietary Module (``P``) was loaded,
|
||||
a warning occurred (``W``), and an externally-built module was loaded (``O``).
|
||||
To decode other letters use the table below.
|
||||
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ this on the machine that had the statements in the logs that were quoted earlier
|
||||
* Proprietary module was loaded (#0)
|
||||
* Kernel issued warning (#9)
|
||||
* Externally-built ('out-of-tree') module was loaded (#12)
|
||||
See Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst in the the Linux kernel or
|
||||
See Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst in the Linux kernel or
|
||||
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.html for
|
||||
a more details explanation of the various taint flags.
|
||||
Raw taint value as int/string: 4609/'P W O '
|
||||
|
||||
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ When mounting an XFS filesystem, the following options are accepted.
|
||||
logbsize must be an integer multiple of the log
|
||||
stripe unit configured at **mkfs(8)** time.
|
||||
|
||||
The default value for for version 1 logs is 32768, while the
|
||||
The default value for version 1 logs is 32768, while the
|
||||
default value for version 2 logs is MAX(32768, log_sunit).
|
||||
|
||||
logdev=device and rtdev=device
|
||||
|
||||
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ it. The recommended placement is in the first 16KiB of RAM.
|
||||
|
||||
The boot loader must load a device tree image (dtb) into system ram
|
||||
at a 64bit aligned address and initialize it with the boot data. The
|
||||
dtb format is documented in Documentation/devicetree/booting-without-of.txt.
|
||||
dtb format is documented in Documentation/devicetree/booting-without-of.rst.
|
||||
The kernel will look for the dtb magic value of 0xd00dfeed at the dtb
|
||||
physical address to determine if a dtb has been passed instead of a
|
||||
tagged list.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ LPIT Signature Reserved (signature == "LPIT")
|
||||
x86 only table as of ACPI 5.1; starting with ACPI 6.0, processor
|
||||
descriptions and power states on ARM platforms should use the DSDT
|
||||
and define processor container devices (_HID ACPI0010, Section 8.4,
|
||||
and more specifically 8.4.3 and and 8.4.4).
|
||||
and more specifically 8.4.3 and 8.4.4).
|
||||
|
||||
MADT Section 5.2.12 (signature == "APIC")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ only use the _DSD Device Properties UUID [5]:
|
||||
|
||||
- UUID: daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301
|
||||
|
||||
- http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/_DSD-device-properties-UUID.pdf
|
||||
- https://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/_DSD-device-properties-UUID.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
The UEFI Forum provides a mechanism for registering device properties [4]
|
||||
so that they may be used across all operating systems supporting ACPI.
|
||||
@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ likely be willing to assist in submitting ECRs.
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Code
|
||||
----------
|
||||
Individual items specific to Linux on ARM, contained in the the Linux
|
||||
Individual items specific to Linux on ARM, contained in the Linux
|
||||
source code, are in the list that follows:
|
||||
|
||||
ACPI_OS_NAME
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ ARM64 Architecture
|
||||
hugetlbpage
|
||||
legacy_instructions
|
||||
memory
|
||||
perf
|
||||
pointer-authentication
|
||||
silicon-errata
|
||||
sve
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
|
||||
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
Perf Event Attributes
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
|
||||
Author: Andrew Murray <andrew.murray@arm.com>
|
||||
Date: 2019-03-06
|
||||
:Author: Andrew Murray <andrew.murray@arm.com>
|
||||
:Date: 2019-03-06
|
||||
|
||||
exclude_user
|
||||
------------
|
||||
@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ Appendix B. ARMv8-A FP/SIMD programmer's model
|
||||
Note: This section is for information only and not intended to be complete or
|
||||
to replace any architectural specification.
|
||||
|
||||
Refer to [4] for for more information.
|
||||
Refer to [4] for more information.
|
||||
|
||||
ARMv8-A defines the following floating-point / SIMD register state:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ a virtual address mapping (unlike the earlier scheme of virtual address
|
||||
do not have a corresponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and
|
||||
low-memory pages.
|
||||
|
||||
Note: Please refer to Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt for a discussion
|
||||
Note: Please refer to :doc:`/core-api/dma-api-howto` for a discussion
|
||||
on PCI high mem DMA aspects and mapping of scatter gather lists, and support
|
||||
for 64 bit PCI.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
153
Documentation/block/blk-mq.rst
Normal file
153
Documentation/block/blk-mq.rst
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
|
||||
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
================================================
|
||||
Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)
|
||||
================================================
|
||||
|
||||
The Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism is an API to enable fast storage
|
||||
devices to achieve a huge number of input/output operations per second (IOPS)
|
||||
through queueing and submitting IO requests to block devices simultaneously,
|
||||
benefiting from the parallelism offered by modern storage devices.
|
||||
|
||||
Introduction
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
Background
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
Magnetic hard disks have been the de facto standard from the beginning of the
|
||||
development of the kernel. The Block IO subsystem aimed to achieve the best
|
||||
performance possible for those devices with a high penalty when doing random
|
||||
access, and the bottleneck was the mechanical moving parts, a lot slower than
|
||||
any layer on the storage stack. One example of such optimization technique
|
||||
involves ordering read/write requests according to the current position of the
|
||||
hard disk head.
|
||||
|
||||
However, with the development of Solid State Drives and Non-Volatile Memories
|
||||
without mechanical parts nor random access penalty and capable of performing
|
||||
high parallel access, the bottleneck of the stack had moved from the storage
|
||||
device to the operating system. In order to take advantage of the parallelism
|
||||
in those devices' design, the multi-queue mechanism was introduced.
|
||||
|
||||
The former design had a single queue to store block IO requests with a single
|
||||
lock. That did not scale well in SMP systems due to dirty data in cache and the
|
||||
bottleneck of having a single lock for multiple processors. This setup also
|
||||
suffered with congestion when different processes (or the same process, moving
|
||||
to different CPUs) wanted to perform block IO. Instead of this, the blk-mq API
|
||||
spawns multiple queues with individual entry points local to the CPU, removing
|
||||
the need for a lock. A deeper explanation on how this works is covered in the
|
||||
following section (`Operation`_).
|
||||
|
||||
Operation
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
When the userspace performs IO to a block device (reading or writing a file,
|
||||
for instance), blk-mq takes action: it will store and manage IO requests to
|
||||
the block device, acting as middleware between the userspace (and a file
|
||||
system, if present) and the block device driver.
|
||||
|
||||
blk-mq has two group of queues: software staging queues and hardware dispatch
|
||||
queues. When the request arrives at the block layer, it will try the shortest
|
||||
path possible: send it directly to the hardware queue. However, there are two
|
||||
cases that it might not do that: if there's an IO scheduler attached at the
|
||||
layer or if we want to try to merge requests. In both cases, requests will be
|
||||
sent to the software queue.
|
||||
|
||||
Then, after the requests are processed by software queues, they will be placed
|
||||
at the hardware queue, a second stage queue were the hardware has direct access
|
||||
to process those requests. However, if the hardware does not have enough
|
||||
resources to accept more requests, blk-mq will places requests on a temporary
|
||||
queue, to be sent in the future, when the hardware is able.
|
||||
|
||||
Software staging queues
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The block IO subsystem adds requests in the software staging queues
|
||||
(represented by struct :c:type:`blk_mq_ctx`) in case that they weren't sent
|
||||
directly to the driver. A request is one or more BIOs. They arrived at the
|
||||
block layer through the data structure struct :c:type:`bio`. The block layer
|
||||
will then build a new structure from it, the struct :c:type:`request` that will
|
||||
be used to communicate with the device driver. Each queue has its own lock and
|
||||
the number of queues is defined by a per-CPU or per-node basis.
|
||||
|
||||
The staging queue can be used to merge requests for adjacent sectors. For
|
||||
instance, requests for sector 3-6, 6-7, 7-9 can become one request for 3-9.
|
||||
Even if random access to SSDs and NVMs have the same time of response compared
|
||||
to sequential access, grouped requests for sequential access decreases the
|
||||
number of individual requests. This technique of merging requests is called
|
||||
plugging.
|
||||
|
||||
Along with that, the requests can be reordered to ensure fairness of system
|
||||
resources (e.g. to ensure that no application suffers from starvation) and/or to
|
||||
improve IO performance, by an IO scheduler.
|
||||
|
||||
IO Schedulers
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
There are several schedulers implemented by the block layer, each one following
|
||||
a heuristic to improve the IO performance. They are "pluggable" (as in plug
|
||||
and play), in the sense of they can be selected at run time using sysfs. You
|
||||
can read more about Linux's IO schedulers `here
|
||||
<https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/block/index.html>`_. The scheduling
|
||||
happens only between requests in the same queue, so it is not possible to merge
|
||||
requests from different queues, otherwise there would be cache trashing and a
|
||||
need to have a lock for each queue. After the scheduling, the requests are
|
||||
eligible to be sent to the hardware. One of the possible schedulers to be
|
||||
selected is the NONE scheduler, the most straightforward one. It will just
|
||||
place requests on whatever software queue the process is running on, without
|
||||
any reordering. When the device starts processing requests in the hardware
|
||||
queue (a.k.a. run the hardware queue), the software queues mapped to that
|
||||
hardware queue will be drained in sequence according to their mapping.
|
||||
|
||||
Hardware dispatch queues
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The hardware queue (represented by struct :c:type:`blk_mq_hw_ctx`) is a struct
|
||||
used by device drivers to map the device submission queues (or device DMA ring
|
||||
buffer), and are the last step of the block layer submission code before the
|
||||
low level device driver taking ownership of the request. To run this queue, the
|
||||
block layer removes requests from the associated software queues and tries to
|
||||
dispatch to the hardware.
|
||||
|
||||
If it's not possible to send the requests directly to hardware, they will be
|
||||
added to a linked list (:c:type:`hctx->dispatch`) of requests. Then,
|
||||
next time the block layer runs a queue, it will send the requests laying at the
|
||||
:c:type:`dispatch` list first, to ensure a fairness dispatch with those
|
||||
requests that were ready to be sent first. The number of hardware queues
|
||||
depends on the number of hardware contexts supported by the hardware and its
|
||||
device driver, but it will not be more than the number of cores of the system.
|
||||
There is no reordering at this stage, and each software queue has a set of
|
||||
hardware queues to send requests for.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
Neither the block layer nor the device protocols guarantee
|
||||
the order of completion of requests. This must be handled by
|
||||
higher layers, like the filesystem.
|
||||
|
||||
Tag-based completion
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
In order to indicate which request has been completed, every request is
|
||||
identified by an integer, ranging from 0 to the dispatch queue size. This tag
|
||||
is generated by the block layer and later reused by the device driver, removing
|
||||
the need to create a redundant identifier. When a request is completed in the
|
||||
drive, the tag is sent back to the block layer to notify it of the finalization.
|
||||
This removes the need to do a linear search to find out which IO has been
|
||||
completed.
|
||||
|
||||
Further reading
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
- `Linux Block IO: Introducing Multi-queue SSD Access on Multi-core Systems <http://kernel.dk/blk-mq.pdf>`_
|
||||
|
||||
- `NOOP scheduler <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noop_scheduler>`_
|
||||
|
||||
- `Null block device driver <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/block/null_blk.html>`_
|
||||
|
||||
Source code documentation
|
||||
=========================
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/blk-mq.h
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: block/blk-mq.c
|
||||
@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Block
|
||||
bfq-iosched
|
||||
biodoc
|
||||
biovecs
|
||||
blk-mq
|
||||
capability
|
||||
cmdline-partition
|
||||
data-integrity
|
||||
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ access to block devices to specific initiators in a shared storage
|
||||
setup.
|
||||
|
||||
This document gives a general overview of the support ioctl commands.
|
||||
For a more detailed reference please refer the the SCSI Primary
|
||||
For a more detailed reference please refer to the SCSI Primary
|
||||
Commands standard, specifically the section on Reservations and the
|
||||
"PERSISTENT RESERVE IN" and "PERSISTENT RESERVE OUT" commands.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -643,5 +643,6 @@ when:
|
||||
.. _selftests: ../../tools/testing/selftests/bpf/
|
||||
.. _Documentation/dev-tools/kselftest.rst:
|
||||
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/dev-tools/kselftest.html
|
||||
.. _Documentation/bpf/btf.rst: btf.rst
|
||||
|
||||
Happy BPF hacking!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -58,6 +58,14 @@ Testing and debugging BPF
|
||||
s390
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Other
|
||||
=====
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
ringbuf
|
||||
|
||||
.. Links:
|
||||
.. _Documentation/networking/filter.rst: ../networking/filter.txt
|
||||
.. _man-pages: https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ How to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers
|
||||
|
||||
The virt_to_bus() and bus_to_virt() functions have been
|
||||
superseded by the functionality provided by the PCI DMA interface
|
||||
(see Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt). They continue
|
||||
(see :doc:`/core-api/dma-api-howto`). They continue
|
||||
to be documented below for historical purposes, but new code
|
||||
must not use them. --davidm 00/12/12
|
||||
|
||||
@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ Command Line Switches
|
||||
other CPUs later online.
|
||||
|
||||
``nr_cpus=n``
|
||||
Restrict the total amount CPUs the kernel will support. If the number
|
||||
supplied here is lower than the number of physically available CPUs than
|
||||
Restrict the total amount of CPUs the kernel will support. If the number
|
||||
supplied here is lower than the number of physically available CPUs, then
|
||||
those CPUs can not be brought online later.
|
||||
|
||||
``additional_cpus=n``
|
||||
|
||||
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Dynamic DMA mapping using the generic device
|
||||
:Author: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
|
||||
|
||||
This document describes the DMA API. For a more gentle introduction
|
||||
of the API (and actual examples), see Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt.
|
||||
of the API (and actual examples), see :doc:`/core-api/dma-api-howto`.
|
||||
|
||||
This API is split into two pieces. Part I describes the basic API.
|
||||
Part II describes extensions for supporting non-consistent memory
|
||||
@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ without the _attrs suffixes, except that they pass an optional
|
||||
dma_attrs.
|
||||
|
||||
The interpretation of DMA attributes is architecture-specific, and
|
||||
each attribute should be documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt.
|
||||
each attribute should be documented in :doc:`/core-api/dma-attributes`.
|
||||
|
||||
If dma_attrs are 0, the semantics of each of these functions
|
||||
is identical to those of the corresponding function
|
||||
@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ for DMA::
|
||||
|
||||
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
|
||||
/* DMA_ATTR_FOO should be defined in linux/dma-mapping.h and
|
||||
* documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt */
|
||||
* documented in Documentation/core-api/dma-attributes.rst */
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
unsigned long attr;
|
||||
|
||||
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ To do ISA style DMA you need to include two headers::
|
||||
#include <asm/dma.h>
|
||||
|
||||
The first is the generic DMA API used to convert virtual addresses to
|
||||
bus addresses (see Documentation/DMA-API.txt for details).
|
||||
bus addresses (see :doc:`/core-api/dma-api` for details).
|
||||
|
||||
The second contains the routines specific to ISA DMA transfers. Since
|
||||
this is not present on all platforms make sure you construct your
|
||||
|
||||
@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ Library functionality that is used throughout the kernel.
|
||||
rbtree
|
||||
generic-radix-tree
|
||||
packing
|
||||
bus-virt-phys-mapping
|
||||
this_cpu_ops
|
||||
timekeeping
|
||||
errseq
|
||||
|
||||
@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ more memory-management documentation in :doc:`/vm/index`.
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
memory-allocation
|
||||
unaligned-memory-access
|
||||
dma-api
|
||||
dma-api-howto
|
||||
dma-attributes
|
||||
|
||||
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Everything you never wanted to know about kobjects, ksets, and ktypes
|
||||
:Last updated: December 19, 2007
|
||||
|
||||
Based on an original article by Jon Corbet for lwn.net written October 1,
|
||||
2003 and located at http://lwn.net/Articles/51437/
|
||||
2003 and located at https://lwn.net/Articles/51437/
|
||||
|
||||
Part of the difficulty in understanding the driver model - and the kobject
|
||||
abstraction upon which it is built - is that there is no obvious starting
|
||||
|
||||
@ -84,6 +84,50 @@ driver for a device with such restrictions, avoid using these flags.
|
||||
And even with hardware with restrictions it is preferable to use
|
||||
`dma_alloc*` APIs.
|
||||
|
||||
GFP flags and reclaim behavior
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
Memory allocations may trigger direct or background reclaim and it is
|
||||
useful to understand how hard the page allocator will try to satisfy that
|
||||
or another request.
|
||||
|
||||
* ``GFP_KERNEL & ~__GFP_RECLAIM`` - optimistic allocation without _any_
|
||||
attempt to free memory at all. The most light weight mode which even
|
||||
doesn't kick the background reclaim. Should be used carefully because it
|
||||
might deplete the memory and the next user might hit the more aggressive
|
||||
reclaim.
|
||||
|
||||
* ``GFP_KERNEL & ~__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM`` (or ``GFP_NOWAIT``)- optimistic
|
||||
allocation without any attempt to free memory from the current
|
||||
context but can wake kswapd to reclaim memory if the zone is below
|
||||
the low watermark. Can be used from either atomic contexts or when
|
||||
the request is a performance optimization and there is another
|
||||
fallback for a slow path.
|
||||
|
||||
* ``(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGH) & ~__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM`` (aka ``GFP_ATOMIC``) -
|
||||
non sleeping allocation with an expensive fallback so it can access
|
||||
some portion of memory reserves. Usually used from interrupt/bottom-half
|
||||
context with an expensive slow path fallback.
|
||||
|
||||
* ``GFP_KERNEL`` - both background and direct reclaim are allowed and the
|
||||
**default** page allocator behavior is used. That means that not costly
|
||||
allocation requests are basically no-fail but there is no guarantee of
|
||||
that behavior so failures have to be checked properly by callers
|
||||
(e.g. OOM killer victim is allowed to fail currently).
|
||||
|
||||
* ``GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY`` - overrides the default allocator behavior
|
||||
and all allocation requests fail early rather than cause disruptive
|
||||
reclaim (one round of reclaim in this implementation). The OOM killer
|
||||
is not invoked.
|
||||
|
||||
* ``GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL`` - overrides the default allocator
|
||||
behavior and all allocation requests try really hard. The request
|
||||
will fail if the reclaim cannot make any progress. The OOM killer
|
||||
won't be triggered.
|
||||
|
||||
* ``GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL`` - overrides the default allocator behavior
|
||||
and all allocation requests will loop endlessly until they succeed.
|
||||
This might be really dangerous especially for larger orders.
|
||||
|
||||
Selecting memory allocator
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ You can check the current *console_loglevel* with::
|
||||
The result shows the *current*, *default*, *minimum* and *boot-time-default* log
|
||||
levels.
|
||||
|
||||
To change the current console_loglevel simply write the the desired level to
|
||||
To change the current console_loglevel simply write the desired level to
|
||||
``/proc/sys/kernel/printk``. For example, to print all messages to the console::
|
||||
|
||||
# echo 8 > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
|
||||
|
||||
@ -494,9 +494,11 @@ Time and date
|
||||
%pt[RT]t HH:MM:SS
|
||||
%pt[RT][dt][r]
|
||||
|
||||
For printing date and time as represented by
|
||||
For printing date and time as represented by::
|
||||
|
||||
R struct rtc_time structure
|
||||
T time64_t type
|
||||
|
||||
in human readable format.
|
||||
|
||||
By default year will be incremented by 1900 and month by 1.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
|
||||
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Scatterlist Cryptographic API
|
||||
=============================
|
||||
Scatterlist Cryptographic API
|
||||
=============================
|
||||
|
||||
INTRODUCTION
|
||||
Introduction
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
The Scatterlist Crypto API takes page vectors (scatterlists) as
|
||||
arguments, and works directly on pages. In some cases (e.g. ECB
|
||||
@ -13,7 +17,8 @@ so that processing can be applied to paged skb's without the need
|
||||
for linearization.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
DETAILS
|
||||
Details
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
At the lowest level are algorithms, which register dynamically with the
|
||||
API.
|
||||
@ -23,7 +28,7 @@ of the implementation logic (e.g. manipulating page vectors) and provide an
|
||||
abstraction to the underlying algorithms. However, at the user
|
||||
level they are very simple.
|
||||
|
||||
Conceptually, the API layering looks like this:
|
||||
Conceptually, the API layering looks like this::
|
||||
|
||||
[transform api] (user interface)
|
||||
[transform ops] (per-type logic glue e.g. cipher.c, compress.c)
|
||||
@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ one block while the former can operate on an arbitrary amount of data,
|
||||
subject to block size requirements (i.e., non-stream ciphers can only
|
||||
process multiples of blocks).
|
||||
|
||||
Here's an example of how to use the API:
|
||||
Here's an example of how to use the API::
|
||||
|
||||
#include <crypto/hash.h>
|
||||
#include <linux/err.h>
|
||||
@ -78,7 +83,8 @@ Here's an example of how to use the API:
|
||||
Many real examples are available in the regression test module (tcrypt.c).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
DEVELOPER NOTES
|
||||
Developer Notes
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
Transforms may only be allocated in user context, and cryptographic
|
||||
methods may only be called from softirq and user contexts. For
|
||||
@ -91,7 +97,8 @@ size (typically 8 bytes). This prevents having to do any copying
|
||||
across non-aligned page fragment boundaries.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADDING NEW ALGORITHMS
|
||||
Adding New Algorithms
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
|
||||
When submitting a new algorithm for inclusion, a mandatory requirement
|
||||
is that at least a few test vectors from known sources (preferably
|
||||
@ -119,132 +126,137 @@ Also check the TODO list at the web site listed below to see what people
|
||||
might already be working on.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
BUGS
|
||||
Bugs
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
Send bug reports to:
|
||||
linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
|
||||
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>,
|
||||
linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
|
||||
|
||||
Cc:
|
||||
Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>,
|
||||
David S. Miller <davem@redhat.com>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
FURTHER INFORMATION
|
||||
Further Information
|
||||
===================
|
||||
|
||||
For further patches and various updates, including the current TODO
|
||||
list, see:
|
||||
http://gondor.apana.org.au/~herbert/crypto/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
AUTHORS
|
||||
Authors
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
James Morris
|
||||
David S. Miller
|
||||
Herbert Xu
|
||||
- James Morris
|
||||
- David S. Miller
|
||||
- Herbert Xu
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
CREDITS
|
||||
Credits
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
The following people provided invaluable feedback during the development
|
||||
of the API:
|
||||
|
||||
Alexey Kuznetzov
|
||||
Rusty Russell
|
||||
Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
Jeff Garzik
|
||||
Michael Richardson
|
||||
Andrew Morton
|
||||
Ingo Oeser
|
||||
Christoph Hellwig
|
||||
- Alexey Kuznetzov
|
||||
- Rusty Russell
|
||||
- Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
- Jeff Garzik
|
||||
- Michael Richardson
|
||||
- Andrew Morton
|
||||
- Ingo Oeser
|
||||
- Christoph Hellwig
|
||||
|
||||
Portions of this API were derived from the following projects:
|
||||
|
||||
Kerneli Cryptoapi (http://www.kerneli.org/)
|
||||
Alexander Kjeldaas
|
||||
Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
Kyle McMartin
|
||||
Jean-Luc Cooke
|
||||
David Bryson
|
||||
Clemens Fruhwirth
|
||||
Tobias Ringstrom
|
||||
Harald Welte
|
||||
- Alexander Kjeldaas
|
||||
- Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
- Kyle McMartin
|
||||
- Jean-Luc Cooke
|
||||
- David Bryson
|
||||
- Clemens Fruhwirth
|
||||
- Tobias Ringstrom
|
||||
- Harald Welte
|
||||
|
||||
and;
|
||||
|
||||
Nettle (https://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/nettle/)
|
||||
Niels Möller
|
||||
- Niels Möller
|
||||
|
||||
Original developers of the crypto algorithms:
|
||||
|
||||
Dana L. How (DES)
|
||||
Andrew Tridgell and Steve French (MD4)
|
||||
Colin Plumb (MD5)
|
||||
Steve Reid (SHA1)
|
||||
Jean-Luc Cooke (SHA256, SHA384, SHA512)
|
||||
Kazunori Miyazawa / USAGI (HMAC)
|
||||
Matthew Skala (Twofish)
|
||||
Dag Arne Osvik (Serpent)
|
||||
Brian Gladman (AES)
|
||||
Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (CAST6)
|
||||
Jon Oberheide (ARC4)
|
||||
Jouni Malinen (Michael MIC)
|
||||
NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
|
||||
- Dana L. How (DES)
|
||||
- Andrew Tridgell and Steve French (MD4)
|
||||
- Colin Plumb (MD5)
|
||||
- Steve Reid (SHA1)
|
||||
- Jean-Luc Cooke (SHA256, SHA384, SHA512)
|
||||
- Kazunori Miyazawa / USAGI (HMAC)
|
||||
- Matthew Skala (Twofish)
|
||||
- Dag Arne Osvik (Serpent)
|
||||
- Brian Gladman (AES)
|
||||
- Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (CAST6)
|
||||
- Jon Oberheide (ARC4)
|
||||
- Jouni Malinen (Michael MIC)
|
||||
- NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
|
||||
|
||||
SHA1 algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Jean-Francois Dive
|
||||
- Jean-Francois Dive
|
||||
|
||||
DES algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Raimar Falke
|
||||
Gisle Sælensminde
|
||||
Niels Möller
|
||||
- Raimar Falke
|
||||
- Gisle Sælensminde
|
||||
- Niels Möller
|
||||
|
||||
Blowfish algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
Kyle McMartin
|
||||
- Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
- Kyle McMartin
|
||||
|
||||
Twofish algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Werner Koch
|
||||
Marc Mutz
|
||||
- Werner Koch
|
||||
- Marc Mutz
|
||||
|
||||
SHA256/384/512 algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Andrew McDonald
|
||||
Kyle McMartin
|
||||
Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
- Andrew McDonald
|
||||
- Kyle McMartin
|
||||
- Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
|
||||
AES algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Alexander Kjeldaas
|
||||
Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
Kyle McMartin
|
||||
Adam J. Richter
|
||||
Fruhwirth Clemens (i586)
|
||||
Linus Torvalds (i586)
|
||||
- Alexander Kjeldaas
|
||||
- Herbert Valerio Riedel
|
||||
- Kyle McMartin
|
||||
- Adam J. Richter
|
||||
- Fruhwirth Clemens (i586)
|
||||
- Linus Torvalds (i586)
|
||||
|
||||
CAST5 algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (original developers unknown, FSF copyright).
|
||||
- Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (original developers unknown, FSF copyright).
|
||||
|
||||
TEA/XTEA algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Aaron Grothe
|
||||
Michael Ringe
|
||||
- Aaron Grothe
|
||||
- Michael Ringe
|
||||
|
||||
Khazad algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Aaron Grothe
|
||||
- Aaron Grothe
|
||||
|
||||
Whirlpool algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Aaron Grothe
|
||||
Jean-Luc Cooke
|
||||
- Aaron Grothe
|
||||
- Jean-Luc Cooke
|
||||
|
||||
Anubis algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Aaron Grothe
|
||||
- Aaron Grothe
|
||||
|
||||
Tiger algorithm contributors:
|
||||
Aaron Grothe
|
||||
- Aaron Grothe
|
||||
|
||||
VIA PadLock contributors:
|
||||
Michal Ludvig
|
||||
- Michal Ludvig
|
||||
|
||||
Camellia algorithm contributors:
|
||||
NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
|
||||
- NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
|
||||
|
||||
Generic scatterwalk code by Adam J. Richter <adam@yggdrasil.com>
|
||||
|
||||
Please send any credits updates or corrections to:
|
||||
Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
|
||||
=============================================
|
||||
ASYMMETRIC / PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY KEY TYPE
|
||||
=============================================
|
||||
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Contents:
|
||||
=============================================
|
||||
Asymmetric / Public-key Cryptography Key Type
|
||||
=============================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. Contents:
|
||||
|
||||
- Overview.
|
||||
- Key identification.
|
||||
@ -13,8 +15,7 @@ Contents:
|
||||
- Keyring link restrictions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
========
|
||||
OVERVIEW
|
||||
Overview
|
||||
========
|
||||
|
||||
The "asymmetric" key type is designed to be a container for the keys used in
|
||||
@ -42,8 +43,7 @@ key, or it may interpret it as a reference to a key held somewhere else in the
|
||||
system (for example, a TPM).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
==================
|
||||
KEY IDENTIFICATION
|
||||
Key Identification
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
||||
If a key is added with an empty name, the instantiation data parsers are given
|
||||
@ -57,49 +57,48 @@ The asymmetric key type's match function can then perform a wider range of
|
||||
comparisons than just the straightforward comparison of the description with
|
||||
the criterion string:
|
||||
|
||||
(1) If the criterion string is of the form "id:<hexdigits>" then the match
|
||||
1) If the criterion string is of the form "id:<hexdigits>" then the match
|
||||
function will examine a key's fingerprint to see if the hex digits given
|
||||
after the "id:" match the tail. For instance:
|
||||
after the "id:" match the tail. For instance::
|
||||
|
||||
keyctl search @s asymmetric id:5acc2142
|
||||
|
||||
will match a key with fingerprint:
|
||||
will match a key with fingerprint::
|
||||
|
||||
1A00 2040 7601 7889 DE11 882C 3823 04AD 5ACC 2142
|
||||
|
||||
(2) If the criterion string is of the form "<subtype>:<hexdigits>" then the
|
||||
2) If the criterion string is of the form "<subtype>:<hexdigits>" then the
|
||||
match will match the ID as in (1), but with the added restriction that
|
||||
only keys of the specified subtype (e.g. tpm) will be matched. For
|
||||
instance:
|
||||
instance::
|
||||
|
||||
keyctl search @s asymmetric tpm:5acc2142
|
||||
|
||||
Looking in /proc/keys, the last 8 hex digits of the key fingerprint are
|
||||
displayed, along with the subtype:
|
||||
displayed, along with the subtype::
|
||||
|
||||
1a39e171 I----- 1 perm 3f010000 0 0 asymmetric modsign.0: DSA 5acc2142 []
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
=========================
|
||||
ACCESSING ASYMMETRIC KEYS
|
||||
Accessing Asymmetric Keys
|
||||
=========================
|
||||
|
||||
For general access to asymmetric keys from within the kernel, the following
|
||||
inclusion is required:
|
||||
inclusion is required::
|
||||
|
||||
#include <crypto/public_key.h>
|
||||
|
||||
This gives access to functions for dealing with asymmetric / public keys.
|
||||
Three enums are defined there for representing public-key cryptography
|
||||
algorithms:
|
||||
algorithms::
|
||||
|
||||
enum pkey_algo
|
||||
|
||||
digest algorithms used by those:
|
||||
digest algorithms used by those::
|
||||
|
||||
enum pkey_hash_algo
|
||||
|
||||
and key identifier representations:
|
||||
and key identifier representations::
|
||||
|
||||
enum pkey_id_type
|
||||
|
||||
@ -110,25 +109,25 @@ PGP-specific metadata, whereas X.509 has arbitrary certificate identifiers.
|
||||
|
||||
The operations defined upon a key are:
|
||||
|
||||
(1) Signature verification.
|
||||
1) Signature verification.
|
||||
|
||||
Other operations are possible (such as encryption) with the same key data
|
||||
required for verification, but not currently supported, and others
|
||||
(eg. decryption and signature generation) require extra key data.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
SIGNATURE VERIFICATION
|
||||
Signature Verification
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
An operation is provided to perform cryptographic signature verification, using
|
||||
an asymmetric key to provide or to provide access to the public key.
|
||||
an asymmetric key to provide or to provide access to the public key::
|
||||
|
||||
int verify_signature(const struct key *key,
|
||||
const struct public_key_signature *sig);
|
||||
|
||||
The caller must have already obtained the key from some source and can then use
|
||||
it to check the signature. The caller must have parsed the signature and
|
||||
transferred the relevant bits to the structure pointed to by sig.
|
||||
transferred the relevant bits to the structure pointed to by sig::
|
||||
|
||||
struct public_key_signature {
|
||||
u8 *digest;
|
||||
@ -159,8 +158,7 @@ data; or -ENOMEM if an allocation can't be performed. -EINVAL can be returned
|
||||
if the key argument is the wrong type or is incompletely set up.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
ASYMMETRIC KEY SUBTYPES
|
||||
Asymmetric Key Subtypes
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
||||
Asymmetric keys have a subtype that defines the set of operations that can be
|
||||
@ -171,11 +169,11 @@ The subtype is selected by the key data parser and the parser must initialise
|
||||
the data required for it. The asymmetric key retains a reference on the
|
||||
subtype module.
|
||||
|
||||
The subtype definition structure can be found in:
|
||||
The subtype definition structure can be found in::
|
||||
|
||||
#include <keys/asymmetric-subtype.h>
|
||||
|
||||
and looks like the following:
|
||||
and looks like the following::
|
||||
|
||||
struct asymmetric_key_subtype {
|
||||
struct module *owner;
|
||||
@ -198,39 +196,37 @@ the subtype. Currently, the name is only used for print statements.
|
||||
|
||||
There are a number of operations defined by the subtype:
|
||||
|
||||
(1) describe().
|
||||
1) describe().
|
||||
|
||||
Mandatory. This allows the subtype to display something in /proc/keys
|
||||
against the key. For instance the name of the public key algorithm type
|
||||
could be displayed. The key type will display the tail of the key
|
||||
identity string after this.
|
||||
|
||||
(2) destroy().
|
||||
2) destroy().
|
||||
|
||||
Mandatory. This should free the memory associated with the key. The
|
||||
asymmetric key will look after freeing the fingerprint and releasing the
|
||||
reference on the subtype module.
|
||||
|
||||
(3) query().
|
||||
3) query().
|
||||
|
||||
Mandatory. This is a function for querying the capabilities of a key.
|
||||
|
||||
(4) eds_op().
|
||||
4) eds_op().
|
||||
|
||||
Optional. This is the entry point for the encryption, decryption and
|
||||
signature creation operations (which are distinguished by the operation ID
|
||||
in the parameter struct). The subtype may do anything it likes to
|
||||
implement an operation, including offloading to hardware.
|
||||
|
||||
(5) verify_signature().
|
||||
5) verify_signature().
|
||||
|
||||
Optional. This is the entry point for signature verification. The
|
||||
subtype may do anything it likes to implement an operation, including
|
||||
offloading to hardware.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
INSTANTIATION DATA PARSERS
|
||||
Instantiation Data Parsers
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
The asymmetric key type doesn't generally want to store or to deal with a raw
|
||||
@ -254,11 +250,11 @@ Examples of blob formats for which parsers could be implemented include:
|
||||
During key instantiation each parser in the list is tried until one doesn't
|
||||
return -EBADMSG.
|
||||
|
||||
The parser definition structure can be found in:
|
||||
The parser definition structure can be found in::
|
||||
|
||||
#include <keys/asymmetric-parser.h>
|
||||
|
||||
and looks like the following:
|
||||
and looks like the following::
|
||||
|
||||
struct asymmetric_key_parser {
|
||||
struct module *owner;
|
||||
@ -273,7 +269,7 @@ the parser.
|
||||
There is currently only a single operation defined by the parser, and it is
|
||||
mandatory:
|
||||
|
||||
(1) parse().
|
||||
1) parse().
|
||||
|
||||
This is called to preparse the key from the key creation and update paths.
|
||||
In particular, it is called during the key creation _before_ a key is
|
||||
@ -282,7 +278,7 @@ mandatory:
|
||||
|
||||
The caller passes a pointer to the following struct with all of the fields
|
||||
cleared, except for data, datalen and quotalen [see
|
||||
Documentation/security/keys/core.rst].
|
||||
Documentation/security/keys/core.rst]::
|
||||
|
||||
struct key_preparsed_payload {
|
||||
char *description;
|
||||
@ -321,7 +317,7 @@ mandatory:
|
||||
public-key algorithm such as RSA and DSA this will likely be a printable
|
||||
hex version of the key's fingerprint.
|
||||
|
||||
Functions are provided to register and unregister parsers:
|
||||
Functions are provided to register and unregister parsers::
|
||||
|
||||
int register_asymmetric_key_parser(struct asymmetric_key_parser *parser);
|
||||
void unregister_asymmetric_key_parser(struct asymmetric_key_parser *subtype);
|
||||
@ -330,8 +326,7 @@ Parsers may not have the same name. The names are otherwise only used for
|
||||
displaying in debugging messages.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
=========================
|
||||
KEYRING LINK RESTRICTIONS
|
||||
Keyring Link Restrictions
|
||||
=========================
|
||||
|
||||
Keyrings created from userspace using add_key can be configured to check the
|
||||
@ -340,7 +335,7 @@ allowed to link.
|
||||
|
||||
Several restriction methods are available:
|
||||
|
||||
(1) Restrict using the kernel builtin trusted keyring
|
||||
1) Restrict using the kernel builtin trusted keyring
|
||||
|
||||
- Option string used with KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING:
|
||||
- "builtin_trusted"
|
||||
@ -350,7 +345,7 @@ Several restriction methods are available:
|
||||
rejected. The ca_keys kernel parameter also affects which keys are used
|
||||
for signature verification.
|
||||
|
||||
(2) Restrict using the kernel builtin and secondary trusted keyrings
|
||||
2) Restrict using the kernel builtin and secondary trusted keyrings
|
||||
|
||||
- Option string used with KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING:
|
||||
- "builtin_and_secondary_trusted"
|
||||
@ -361,7 +356,7 @@ Several restriction methods are available:
|
||||
kernel parameter also affects which keys are used for signature
|
||||
verification.
|
||||
|
||||
(3) Restrict using a separate key or keyring
|
||||
3) Restrict using a separate key or keyring
|
||||
|
||||
- Option string used with KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING:
|
||||
- "key_or_keyring:<key or keyring serial number>[:chain]"
|
||||
@ -378,7 +373,7 @@ Several restriction methods are available:
|
||||
certificate in order (starting closest to the root) to a keyring. For
|
||||
instance, one keyring can be populated with links to a set of root
|
||||
certificates, with a separate, restricted keyring set up for each
|
||||
certificate chain to be validated:
|
||||
certificate chain to be validated::
|
||||
|
||||
# Create and populate a keyring for root certificates
|
||||
root_id=`keyctl add keyring root-certs "" @s`
|
||||
@ -400,7 +395,7 @@ Several restriction methods are available:
|
||||
one of the root certificates.
|
||||
|
||||
A single keyring can be used to verify a chain of signatures by
|
||||
restricting the keyring after linking the root certificate:
|
||||
restricting the keyring after linking the root certificate::
|
||||
|
||||
# Create a keyring for the certificate chain and add the root
|
||||
chain2_id=`keyctl add keyring chain2 "" @s`
|
||||
@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
|
||||
Asynchronous Transfers/Transforms API
|
||||
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
1 INTRODUCTION
|
||||
=====================================
|
||||
Asynchronous Transfers/Transforms API
|
||||
=====================================
|
||||
|
||||
2 GENEALOGY
|
||||
.. Contents
|
||||
|
||||
3 USAGE
|
||||
3.1 General format of the API
|
||||
3.2 Supported operations
|
||||
3.3 Descriptor management
|
||||
3.4 When does the operation execute?
|
||||
3.5 When does the operation complete?
|
||||
3.6 Constraints
|
||||
3.7 Example
|
||||
1. INTRODUCTION
|
||||
|
||||
4 DMAENGINE DRIVER DEVELOPER NOTES
|
||||
4.1 Conformance points
|
||||
4.2 "My application needs exclusive control of hardware channels"
|
||||
2 GENEALOGY
|
||||
|
||||
5 SOURCE
|
||||
3 USAGE
|
||||
3.1 General format of the API
|
||||
3.2 Supported operations
|
||||
3.3 Descriptor management
|
||||
3.4 When does the operation execute?
|
||||
3.5 When does the operation complete?
|
||||
3.6 Constraints
|
||||
3.7 Example
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
4 DMAENGINE DRIVER DEVELOPER NOTES
|
||||
4.1 Conformance points
|
||||
4.2 "My application needs exclusive control of hardware channels"
|
||||
|
||||
1 INTRODUCTION
|
||||
5 SOURCE
|
||||
|
||||
1. Introduction
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
The async_tx API provides methods for describing a chain of asynchronous
|
||||
bulk memory transfers/transforms with support for inter-transactional
|
||||
@ -31,7 +36,8 @@ that is written to the API can optimize for asynchronous operation and
|
||||
the API will fit the chain of operations to the available offload
|
||||
resources.
|
||||
|
||||
2 GENEALOGY
|
||||
2.Genealogy
|
||||
===========
|
||||
|
||||
The API was initially designed to offload the memory copy and
|
||||
xor-parity-calculations of the md-raid5 driver using the offload engines
|
||||
@ -39,40 +45,52 @@ present in the Intel(R) Xscale series of I/O processors. It also built
|
||||
on the 'dmaengine' layer developed for offloading memory copies in the
|
||||
network stack using Intel(R) I/OAT engines. The following design
|
||||
features surfaced as a result:
|
||||
1/ implicit synchronous path: users of the API do not need to know if
|
||||
|
||||
1. implicit synchronous path: users of the API do not need to know if
|
||||
the platform they are running on has offload capabilities. The
|
||||
operation will be offloaded when an engine is available and carried out
|
||||
in software otherwise.
|
||||
2/ cross channel dependency chains: the API allows a chain of dependent
|
||||
2. cross channel dependency chains: the API allows a chain of dependent
|
||||
operations to be submitted, like xor->copy->xor in the raid5 case. The
|
||||
API automatically handles cases where the transition from one operation
|
||||
to another implies a hardware channel switch.
|
||||
3/ dmaengine extensions to support multiple clients and operation types
|
||||
3. dmaengine extensions to support multiple clients and operation types
|
||||
beyond 'memcpy'
|
||||
|
||||
3 USAGE
|
||||
3. Usage
|
||||
========
|
||||
|
||||
3.1 General format of the API:
|
||||
struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *
|
||||
async_<operation>(<op specific parameters>, struct async_submit ctl *submit)
|
||||
3.1 General format of the API
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
3.2 Supported operations:
|
||||
memcpy - memory copy between a source and a destination buffer
|
||||
memset - fill a destination buffer with a byte value
|
||||
xor - xor a series of source buffers and write the result to a
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *
|
||||
async_<operation>(<op specific parameters>, struct async_submit ctl *submit)
|
||||
|
||||
3.2 Supported operations
|
||||
------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
======== ====================================================================
|
||||
memcpy memory copy between a source and a destination buffer
|
||||
memset fill a destination buffer with a byte value
|
||||
xor xor a series of source buffers and write the result to a
|
||||
destination buffer
|
||||
xor_val - xor a series of source buffers and set a flag if the
|
||||
xor_val xor a series of source buffers and set a flag if the
|
||||
result is zero. The implementation attempts to prevent
|
||||
writes to memory
|
||||
pq - generate the p+q (raid6 syndrome) from a series of source buffers
|
||||
pq_val - validate that a p and or q buffer are in sync with a given series of
|
||||
pq generate the p+q (raid6 syndrome) from a series of source buffers
|
||||
pq_val validate that a p and or q buffer are in sync with a given series of
|
||||
sources
|
||||
datap - (raid6_datap_recov) recover a raid6 data block and the p block
|
||||
datap (raid6_datap_recov) recover a raid6 data block and the p block
|
||||
from the given sources
|
||||
2data - (raid6_2data_recov) recover 2 raid6 data blocks from the given
|
||||
2data (raid6_2data_recov) recover 2 raid6 data blocks from the given
|
||||
sources
|
||||
======== ====================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
3.3 Descriptor management
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
3.3 Descriptor management:
|
||||
The return value is non-NULL and points to a 'descriptor' when the operation
|
||||
has been queued to execute asynchronously. Descriptors are recycled
|
||||
resources, under control of the offload engine driver, to be reused as
|
||||
@ -82,12 +100,15 @@ before the dependency is submitted. This requires that all descriptors be
|
||||
acknowledged by the application before the offload engine driver is allowed to
|
||||
recycle (or free) the descriptor. A descriptor can be acked by one of the
|
||||
following methods:
|
||||
1/ setting the ASYNC_TX_ACK flag if no child operations are to be submitted
|
||||
2/ submitting an unacknowledged descriptor as a dependency to another
|
||||
|
||||
1. setting the ASYNC_TX_ACK flag if no child operations are to be submitted
|
||||
2. submitting an unacknowledged descriptor as a dependency to another
|
||||
async_tx call will implicitly set the acknowledged state.
|
||||
3/ calling async_tx_ack() on the descriptor.
|
||||
3. calling async_tx_ack() on the descriptor.
|
||||
|
||||
3.4 When does the operation execute?
|
||||
------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Operations do not immediately issue after return from the
|
||||
async_<operation> call. Offload engine drivers batch operations to
|
||||
improve performance by reducing the number of mmio cycles needed to
|
||||
@ -98,12 +119,15 @@ channels since the application has no knowledge of channel to operation
|
||||
mapping.
|
||||
|
||||
3.5 When does the operation complete?
|
||||
-------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
There are two methods for an application to learn about the completion
|
||||
of an operation.
|
||||
1/ Call dma_wait_for_async_tx(). This call causes the CPU to spin while
|
||||
|
||||
1. Call dma_wait_for_async_tx(). This call causes the CPU to spin while
|
||||
it polls for the completion of the operation. It handles dependency
|
||||
chains and issuing pending operations.
|
||||
2/ Specify a completion callback. The callback routine runs in tasklet
|
||||
2. Specify a completion callback. The callback routine runs in tasklet
|
||||
context if the offload engine driver supports interrupts, or it is
|
||||
called in application context if the operation is carried out
|
||||
synchronously in software. The callback can be set in the call to
|
||||
@ -111,32 +135,36 @@ of an operation.
|
||||
unknown length it can use the async_trigger_callback() routine to set a
|
||||
completion interrupt/callback at the end of the chain.
|
||||
|
||||
3.6 Constraints:
|
||||
1/ Calls to async_<operation> are not permitted in IRQ context. Other
|
||||
3.6 Constraints
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
1. Calls to async_<operation> are not permitted in IRQ context. Other
|
||||
contexts are permitted provided constraint #2 is not violated.
|
||||
2/ Completion callback routines cannot submit new operations. This
|
||||
2. Completion callback routines cannot submit new operations. This
|
||||
results in recursion in the synchronous case and spin_locks being
|
||||
acquired twice in the asynchronous case.
|
||||
|
||||
3.7 Example:
|
||||
Perform a xor->copy->xor operation where each operation depends on the
|
||||
result from the previous operation:
|
||||
3.7 Example
|
||||
-----------
|
||||
|
||||
void callback(void *param)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Perform a xor->copy->xor operation where each operation depends on the
|
||||
result from the previous operation::
|
||||
|
||||
void callback(void *param)
|
||||
{
|
||||
struct completion *cmp = param;
|
||||
|
||||
complete(cmp);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void run_xor_copy_xor(struct page **xor_srcs,
|
||||
void run_xor_copy_xor(struct page **xor_srcs,
|
||||
int xor_src_cnt,
|
||||
struct page *xor_dest,
|
||||
size_t xor_len,
|
||||
struct page *copy_src,
|
||||
struct page *copy_dest,
|
||||
size_t copy_len)
|
||||
{
|
||||
{
|
||||
struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *tx;
|
||||
addr_conv_t addr_conv[xor_src_cnt];
|
||||
struct async_submit_ctl submit;
|
||||
@ -158,36 +186,44 @@ void run_xor_copy_xor(struct page **xor_srcs,
|
||||
async_tx_issue_pending_all();
|
||||
|
||||
wait_for_completion(&cmp);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
See include/linux/async_tx.h for more information on the flags. See the
|
||||
ops_run_* and ops_complete_* routines in drivers/md/raid5.c for more
|
||||
implementation examples.
|
||||
|
||||
4 DRIVER DEVELOPMENT NOTES
|
||||
4. Driver Development Notes
|
||||
===========================
|
||||
|
||||
4.1 Conformance points
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
4.1 Conformance points:
|
||||
There are a few conformance points required in dmaengine drivers to
|
||||
accommodate assumptions made by applications using the async_tx API:
|
||||
1/ Completion callbacks are expected to happen in tasklet context
|
||||
2/ dma_async_tx_descriptor fields are never manipulated in IRQ context
|
||||
3/ Use async_tx_run_dependencies() in the descriptor clean up path to
|
||||
|
||||
1. Completion callbacks are expected to happen in tasklet context
|
||||
2. dma_async_tx_descriptor fields are never manipulated in IRQ context
|
||||
3. Use async_tx_run_dependencies() in the descriptor clean up path to
|
||||
handle submission of dependent operations
|
||||
|
||||
4.2 "My application needs exclusive control of hardware channels"
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Primarily this requirement arises from cases where a DMA engine driver
|
||||
is being used to support device-to-memory operations. A channel that is
|
||||
performing these operations cannot, for many platform specific reasons,
|
||||
be shared. For these cases the dma_request_channel() interface is
|
||||
provided.
|
||||
|
||||
The interface is:
|
||||
struct dma_chan *dma_request_channel(dma_cap_mask_t mask,
|
||||
The interface is::
|
||||
|
||||
struct dma_chan *dma_request_channel(dma_cap_mask_t mask,
|
||||
dma_filter_fn filter_fn,
|
||||
void *filter_param);
|
||||
|
||||
Where dma_filter_fn is defined as:
|
||||
typedef bool (*dma_filter_fn)(struct dma_chan *chan, void *filter_param);
|
||||
Where dma_filter_fn is defined as::
|
||||
|
||||
typedef bool (*dma_filter_fn)(struct dma_chan *chan, void *filter_param);
|
||||
|
||||
When the optional 'filter_fn' parameter is set to NULL
|
||||
dma_request_channel simply returns the first channel that satisfies the
|
||||
@ -207,19 +243,28 @@ private. Alternatively, it is set when dma_request_channel() finds an
|
||||
unused "public" channel.
|
||||
|
||||
A couple caveats to note when implementing a driver and consumer:
|
||||
1/ Once a channel has been privately allocated it will no longer be
|
||||
|
||||
1. Once a channel has been privately allocated it will no longer be
|
||||
considered by the general-purpose allocator even after a call to
|
||||
dma_release_channel().
|
||||
2/ Since capabilities are specified at the device level a dma_device
|
||||
2. Since capabilities are specified at the device level a dma_device
|
||||
with multiple channels will either have all channels public, or all
|
||||
channels private.
|
||||
|
||||
5 SOURCE
|
||||
5. Source
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
include/linux/dmaengine.h: core header file for DMA drivers and api users
|
||||
drivers/dma/dmaengine.c: offload engine channel management routines
|
||||
drivers/dma/: location for offload engine drivers
|
||||
include/linux/async_tx.h: core header file for the async_tx api
|
||||
crypto/async_tx/async_tx.c: async_tx interface to dmaengine and common code
|
||||
crypto/async_tx/async_memcpy.c: copy offload
|
||||
crypto/async_tx/async_xor.c: xor and xor zero sum offload
|
||||
include/linux/dmaengine.h:
|
||||
core header file for DMA drivers and api users
|
||||
drivers/dma/dmaengine.c:
|
||||
offload engine channel management routines
|
||||
drivers/dma/:
|
||||
location for offload engine drivers
|
||||
include/linux/async_tx.h:
|
||||
core header file for the async_tx api
|
||||
crypto/async_tx/async_tx.c:
|
||||
async_tx interface to dmaengine and common code
|
||||
crypto/async_tx/async_memcpy.c:
|
||||
copy offload
|
||||
crypto/async_tx/async_xor.c:
|
||||
xor and xor zero sum offload
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
|
||||
Below is the original README file from the descore.shar package.
|
||||
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||||
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
|
||||
|
||||
===========================================
|
||||
Fast & Portable DES encryption & decryption
|
||||
===========================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
Below is the original README file from the descore.shar package,
|
||||
converted to ReST format.
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
des - fast & portable DES encryption & decryption.
|
||||
Copyright (C) 1992 Dana L. How
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright |copy| 1992 Dana L. How
|
||||
|
||||
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by
|
||||
@ -20,13 +32,12 @@ Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
|
||||
|
||||
Author's address: how@isl.stanford.edu
|
||||
|
||||
$Id: README,v 1.15 1992/05/20 00:25:32 how E $
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
==>> To compile after untarring/unsharring, just `make' <<==
|
||||
.. README,v 1.15 1992/05/20 00:25:32 how E
|
||||
|
||||
==>> To compile after untarring/unsharring, just ``make`` <<==
|
||||
|
||||
This package was designed with the following goals:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Highest possible encryption/decryption PERFORMANCE.
|
||||
2. PORTABILITY to any byte-addressable host with a 32bit unsigned C type
|
||||
3. Plug-compatible replacement for KERBEROS's low-level routines.
|
||||
@ -36,7 +47,7 @@ register-starved machines. My discussions with Richard Outerbridge,
|
||||
71755.204@compuserve.com, sparked a number of these enhancements.
|
||||
|
||||
To more rapidly understand the code in this package, inspect desSmallFips.i
|
||||
(created by typing `make') BEFORE you tackle desCode.h. The latter is set
|
||||
(created by typing ``make``) BEFORE you tackle desCode.h. The latter is set
|
||||
up in a parameterized fashion so it can easily be modified by speed-daemon
|
||||
hackers in pursuit of that last microsecond. You will find it more
|
||||
illuminating to inspect one specific implementation,
|
||||
@ -47,11 +58,13 @@ performance comparison to other available des code which i could
|
||||
compile on a SPARCStation 1 (cc -O4, gcc -O2):
|
||||
|
||||
this code (byte-order independent):
|
||||
30us per encryption (options: 64k tables, no IP/FP)
|
||||
33us per encryption (options: 64k tables, FIPS standard bit ordering)
|
||||
45us per encryption (options: 2k tables, no IP/FP)
|
||||
48us per encryption (options: 2k tables, FIPS standard bit ordering)
|
||||
275us to set a new key (uses 1k of key tables)
|
||||
|
||||
- 30us per encryption (options: 64k tables, no IP/FP)
|
||||
- 33us per encryption (options: 64k tables, FIPS standard bit ordering)
|
||||
- 45us per encryption (options: 2k tables, no IP/FP)
|
||||
- 48us per encryption (options: 2k tables, FIPS standard bit ordering)
|
||||
- 275us to set a new key (uses 1k of key tables)
|
||||
|
||||
this has the quickest encryption/decryption routines i've seen.
|
||||
since i was interested in fast des filters rather than crypt(3)
|
||||
and password cracking, i haven't really bothered yet to speed up
|
||||
@ -63,15 +76,20 @@ this code (byte-order independent):
|
||||
are highly variable because of cache effects).
|
||||
|
||||
kerberos des replacement from australia (version 1.95):
|
||||
53us per encryption (uses 2k of tables)
|
||||
96us to set a new key (uses 2.25k of key tables)
|
||||
|
||||
- 53us per encryption (uses 2k of tables)
|
||||
- 96us to set a new key (uses 2.25k of key tables)
|
||||
|
||||
so despite the author's inclusion of some of the performance
|
||||
improvements i had suggested to him, this package's
|
||||
encryption/decryption is still slower on the sparc and 68000.
|
||||
more specifically, 19-40% slower on the 68020 and 11-35% slower
|
||||
on the sparc, depending on the compiler;
|
||||
in full gory detail (ALT_ECB is a libdes variant):
|
||||
|
||||
=============== ============== =============== =================
|
||||
compiler machine desCore libdes ALT_ECB slower by
|
||||
=============== ============== =============== =================
|
||||
gcc 2.1 -O2 Sun 3/110 304 uS 369.5uS 461.8uS 22%
|
||||
cc -O1 Sun 3/110 336 uS 436.6uS 399.3uS 19%
|
||||
cc -O2 Sun 3/110 360 uS 532.4uS 505.1uS 40%
|
||||
@ -79,10 +97,15 @@ kerberos des replacement from australia (version 1.95):
|
||||
gcc 2.1 -O2 Sun 4/50 48 uS 53.4uS 57.5uS 11%
|
||||
cc -O2 Sun 4/50 48 uS 64.6uS 64.7uS 35%
|
||||
cc -O4 Sun 4/50 48 uS 64.7uS 64.9uS 35%
|
||||
=============== ============== =============== =================
|
||||
|
||||
(my time measurements are not as accurate as his).
|
||||
|
||||
the comments in my first release of desCore on version 1.92:
|
||||
68us per encryption (uses 2k of tables)
|
||||
96us to set a new key (uses 2.25k of key tables)
|
||||
|
||||
- 68us per encryption (uses 2k of tables)
|
||||
- 96us to set a new key (uses 2.25k of key tables)
|
||||
|
||||
this is a very nice package which implements the most important
|
||||
of the optimizations which i did in my encryption routines.
|
||||
it's a bit weak on common low-level optimizations which is why
|
||||
@ -91,48 +114,60 @@ kerberos des replacement from australia (version 1.95):
|
||||
speed up the key-setting routines with impressive results.
|
||||
(at some point i may do the same in my package). he also implements
|
||||
the rest of the mit des library.
|
||||
|
||||
(code from eay@psych.psy.uq.oz.au via comp.sources.misc)
|
||||
|
||||
fast crypt(3) package from denmark:
|
||||
|
||||
the des routine here is buried inside a loop to do the
|
||||
crypt function and i didn't feel like ripping it out and measuring
|
||||
performance. his code takes 26 sparc instructions to compute one
|
||||
des iteration; above, Quick (64k) takes 21 and Small (2k) takes 37.
|
||||
he claims to use 280k of tables but the iteration calculation seems
|
||||
to use only 128k. his tables and code are machine independent.
|
||||
|
||||
(code from glad@daimi.aau.dk via alt.sources or comp.sources.misc)
|
||||
|
||||
swedish reimplementation of Kerberos des library
|
||||
108us per encryption (uses 34k worth of tables)
|
||||
134us to set a new key (uses 32k of key tables to get this speed!)
|
||||
|
||||
- 108us per encryption (uses 34k worth of tables)
|
||||
- 134us to set a new key (uses 32k of key tables to get this speed!)
|
||||
|
||||
the tables used seem to be machine-independent;
|
||||
he seems to have included a lot of special case code
|
||||
so that, e.g., `long' loads can be used instead of 4 `char' loads
|
||||
so that, e.g., ``long`` loads can be used instead of 4 ``char`` loads
|
||||
when the machine's architecture allows it.
|
||||
|
||||
(code obtained from chalmers.se:pub/des)
|
||||
|
||||
crack 3.3c package from england:
|
||||
|
||||
as in crypt above, the des routine is buried in a loop. it's
|
||||
also very modified for crypt. his iteration code uses 16k
|
||||
of tables and appears to be slow.
|
||||
|
||||
(code obtained from aem@aber.ac.uk via alt.sources or comp.sources.misc)
|
||||
|
||||
``highly optimized'' and tweaked Kerberos/Athena code (byte-order dependent):
|
||||
165us per encryption (uses 6k worth of tables)
|
||||
478us to set a new key (uses <1k of key tables)
|
||||
``highly optimized`` and tweaked Kerberos/Athena code (byte-order dependent):
|
||||
|
||||
- 165us per encryption (uses 6k worth of tables)
|
||||
- 478us to set a new key (uses <1k of key tables)
|
||||
|
||||
so despite the comments in this code, it was possible to get
|
||||
faster code AND smaller tables, as well as making the tables
|
||||
machine-independent.
|
||||
(code obtained from prep.ai.mit.edu)
|
||||
|
||||
UC Berkeley code (depends on machine-endedness):
|
||||
226us per encryption
|
||||
10848us to set a new key
|
||||
- 226us per encryption
|
||||
- 10848us to set a new key
|
||||
|
||||
table sizes are unclear, but they don't look very small
|
||||
(code obtained from wuarchive.wustl.edu)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
motivation and history
|
||||
======================
|
||||
|
||||
a while ago i wanted some des routines and the routines documented on sun's
|
||||
man pages either didn't exist or dumped core. i had heard of kerberos,
|
||||
@ -142,10 +177,10 @@ it was too convoluted, the code had been written without taking
|
||||
advantage of the regular structure of operations such as IP, E, and FP
|
||||
(i.e. the author didn't sit down and think before coding),
|
||||
it was excessively slow, the author had attempted to clarify the code
|
||||
by adding MORE statements to make the data movement more `consistent'
|
||||
by adding MORE statements to make the data movement more ``consistent``
|
||||
instead of simplifying his implementation and cutting down on all data
|
||||
movement (in particular, his use of L1, R1, L2, R2), and it was full of
|
||||
idiotic `tweaks' for particular machines which failed to deliver significant
|
||||
idiotic ``tweaks`` for particular machines which failed to deliver significant
|
||||
speedups but which did obfuscate everything. so i took the test data
|
||||
from his verification program and rewrote everything else.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -167,12 +202,13 @@ than versions hand-written in assembly for the sparc!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
porting notes
|
||||
=============
|
||||
|
||||
one thing i did not want to do was write an enormous mess
|
||||
which depended on endedness and other machine quirks,
|
||||
and which necessarily produced different code and different lookup tables
|
||||
for different machines. see the kerberos code for an example
|
||||
of what i didn't want to do; all their endedness-specific `optimizations'
|
||||
of what i didn't want to do; all their endedness-specific ``optimizations``
|
||||
obfuscate the code and in the end were slower than a simpler machine
|
||||
independent approach. however, there are always some portability
|
||||
considerations of some kind, and i have included some options
|
||||
@ -184,8 +220,8 @@ perhaps some will still regard the result as a mess!
|
||||
i assume word pointers can be freely cast to and from char pointers.
|
||||
note that 99% of C programs make these assumptions.
|
||||
i always use unsigned char's if the high bit could be set.
|
||||
2) the typedef `word' means a 32 bit unsigned integral type.
|
||||
if `unsigned long' is not 32 bits, change the typedef in desCore.h.
|
||||
2) the typedef ``word`` means a 32 bit unsigned integral type.
|
||||
if ``unsigned long`` is not 32 bits, change the typedef in desCore.h.
|
||||
i assume sizeof(word) == 4 EVERYWHERE.
|
||||
|
||||
the (worst-case) cost of my NOT doing endedness-specific optimizations
|
||||
@ -195,40 +231,46 @@ the input and output work areas do not need to be word-aligned.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OPTIONAL performance optimizations
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
1) you should define one of `i386,' `vax,' `mc68000,' or `sparc,'
|
||||
1) you should define one of ``i386,`` ``vax,`` ``mc68000,`` or ``sparc,``
|
||||
whichever one is closest to the capabilities of your machine.
|
||||
see the start of desCode.h to see exactly what this selection implies.
|
||||
note that if you select the wrong one, the des code will still work;
|
||||
these are just performance tweaks.
|
||||
2) for those with functional `asm' keywords: you should change the
|
||||
2) for those with functional ``asm`` keywords: you should change the
|
||||
ROR and ROL macros to use machine rotate instructions if you have them.
|
||||
this will save 2 instructions and a temporary per use,
|
||||
or about 32 to 40 instructions per en/decryption.
|
||||
|
||||
note that gcc is smart enough to translate the ROL/R macros into
|
||||
machine rotates!
|
||||
|
||||
these optimizations are all rather persnickety, yet with them you should
|
||||
be able to get performance equal to assembly-coding, except that:
|
||||
|
||||
1) with the lack of a bit rotate operator in C, rotates have to be synthesized
|
||||
from shifts. so access to `asm' will speed things up if your machine
|
||||
from shifts. so access to ``asm`` will speed things up if your machine
|
||||
has rotates, as explained above in (3) (not necessary if you use gcc).
|
||||
2) if your machine has less than 12 32-bit registers i doubt your compiler will
|
||||
generate good code.
|
||||
`i386' tries to configure the code for a 386 by only declaring 3 registers
|
||||
|
||||
``i386`` tries to configure the code for a 386 by only declaring 3 registers
|
||||
(it appears that gcc can use ebx, esi and edi to hold register variables).
|
||||
however, if you like assembly coding, the 386 does have 7 32-bit registers,
|
||||
and if you use ALL of them, use `scaled by 8' address modes with displacement
|
||||
and if you use ALL of them, use ``scaled by 8`` address modes with displacement
|
||||
and other tricks, you can get reasonable routines for DesQuickCore... with
|
||||
about 250 instructions apiece. For DesSmall... it will help to rearrange
|
||||
des_keymap, i.e., now the sbox # is the high part of the index and
|
||||
the 6 bits of data is the low part; it helps to exchange these.
|
||||
|
||||
since i have no way to conveniently test it i have not provided my
|
||||
shoehorned 386 version. note that with this release of desCore, gcc is able
|
||||
to put everything in registers(!), and generate about 370 instructions apiece
|
||||
for the DesQuickCore... routines!
|
||||
|
||||
coding notes
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
the en/decryption routines each use 6 necessary register variables,
|
||||
with 4 being actively used at once during the inner iterations.
|
||||
@ -236,15 +278,18 @@ if you don't have 4 register variables get a new machine.
|
||||
up to 8 more registers are used to hold constants in some configurations.
|
||||
|
||||
i assume that the use of a constant is more expensive than using a register:
|
||||
|
||||
a) additionally, i have tried to put the larger constants in registers.
|
||||
registering priority was by the following:
|
||||
anything more than 12 bits (bad for RISC and CISC)
|
||||
greater than 127 in value (can't use movq or byte immediate on CISC)
|
||||
9-127 (may not be able to use CISC shift immediate or add/sub quick),
|
||||
1-8 were never registered, being the cheapest constants.
|
||||
|
||||
- anything more than 12 bits (bad for RISC and CISC)
|
||||
- greater than 127 in value (can't use movq or byte immediate on CISC)
|
||||
- 9-127 (may not be able to use CISC shift immediate or add/sub quick),
|
||||
- 1-8 were never registered, being the cheapest constants.
|
||||
|
||||
b) the compiler may be too stupid to realize table and table+256 should
|
||||
be assigned to different constant registers and instead repetitively
|
||||
do the arithmetic, so i assign these to explicit `m' register variables
|
||||
do the arithmetic, so i assign these to explicit ``m`` register variables
|
||||
when possible and helpful.
|
||||
|
||||
i assume that indexing is cheaper or equivalent to auto increment/decrement,
|
||||
@ -253,25 +298,31 @@ this assumption is reversed for 68k and vax.
|
||||
|
||||
i assume that addresses can be cheaply formed from two registers,
|
||||
or from a register and a small constant.
|
||||
for the 68000, the `two registers and small offset' form is used sparingly.
|
||||
for the 68000, the ``two registers and small offset`` form is used sparingly.
|
||||
all index scaling is done explicitly - no hidden shifts by log2(sizeof).
|
||||
|
||||
the code is written so that even a dumb compiler
|
||||
should never need more than one hidden temporary,
|
||||
increasing the chance that everything will fit in the registers.
|
||||
KEEP THIS MORE SUBTLE POINT IN MIND IF YOU REWRITE ANYTHING.
|
||||
|
||||
(actually, there are some code fragments now which do require two temps,
|
||||
but fixing it would either break the structure of the macros or
|
||||
require declaring another temporary).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
special efficient data format
|
||||
==============================
|
||||
|
||||
bits are manipulated in this arrangement most of the time (S7 S5 S3 S1)::
|
||||
|
||||
bits are manipulated in this arrangement most of the time (S7 S5 S3 S1):
|
||||
003130292827xxxx242322212019xxxx161514131211xxxx080706050403xxxx
|
||||
|
||||
(the x bits are still there, i'm just emphasizing where the S boxes are).
|
||||
bits are rotated left 4 when computing S6 S4 S2 S0:
|
||||
bits are rotated left 4 when computing S6 S4 S2 S0::
|
||||
|
||||
282726252423xxxx201918171615xxxx121110090807xxxx040302010031xxxx
|
||||
|
||||
the rightmost two bits are usually cleared so the lower byte can be used
|
||||
as an index into an sbox mapping table. the next two x'd bits are set
|
||||
to various values to access different parts of the tables.
|
||||
@ -288,7 +339,7 @@ datatypes:
|
||||
must be long-aligned.
|
||||
|
||||
DesQuickInit()
|
||||
call this before using any other routine with `Quick' in its name.
|
||||
call this before using any other routine with ``Quick`` in its name.
|
||||
it generates the special 64k table these routines need.
|
||||
DesQuickDone()
|
||||
frees this table
|
||||
@ -298,6 +349,7 @@ DesMethod(m, k)
|
||||
which must have odd parity (or -1 is returned) and which must
|
||||
not be a (semi-)weak key (or -2 is returned).
|
||||
normally DesMethod() returns 0.
|
||||
|
||||
m is filled in from k so that when one of the routines below
|
||||
is called with m, the routine will act like standard des
|
||||
en/decryption with the key k. if you use DesMethod,
|
||||
@ -308,19 +360,26 @@ DesMethod(m, k)
|
||||
will be set to magic constants which speed up the encryption/decryption
|
||||
on some machines. and yes, each byte controls
|
||||
a specific sbox during a specific iteration.
|
||||
|
||||
you really shouldn't use the 768bit format directly; i should
|
||||
provide a routine that converts 128 6-bit bytes (specified in
|
||||
S-box mapping order or something) into the right format for you.
|
||||
this would entail some byte concatenation and rotation.
|
||||
|
||||
Des{Small|Quick}{Fips|Core}{Encrypt|Decrypt}(d, m, s)
|
||||
performs des on the 8 bytes at s into the 8 bytes at d. (d,s: char *).
|
||||
performs des on the 8 bytes at s into the 8 bytes at
|
||||
``d. (d,s: char *)``.
|
||||
|
||||
uses m as a 768bit key as explained above.
|
||||
|
||||
the Encrypt|Decrypt choice is obvious.
|
||||
|
||||
Fips|Core determines whether a completely standard FIPS initial
|
||||
and final permutation is done; if not, then the data is loaded
|
||||
and stored in a nonstandard bit order (FIPS w/o IP/FP).
|
||||
|
||||
Fips slows down Quick by 10%, Small by 9%.
|
||||
|
||||
Small|Quick determines whether you use the normal routine
|
||||
or the crazy quick one which gobbles up 64k more of memory.
|
||||
Small is 50% slower then Quick, but Quick needs 32 times as much
|
||||
@ -329,15 +388,17 @@ Des{Small|Quick}{Fips|Core}{Encrypt|Decrypt}(d, m, s)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Getting it to compile on your machine
|
||||
=====================================
|
||||
|
||||
there are no machine-dependencies in the code (see porting),
|
||||
except perhaps the `now()' macro in desTest.c.
|
||||
except perhaps the ``now()`` macro in desTest.c.
|
||||
ALL generated tables are machine independent.
|
||||
you should edit the Makefile with the appropriate optimization flags
|
||||
for your compiler (MAX optimization).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Speeding up kerberos (and/or its des library)
|
||||
=============================================
|
||||
|
||||
note that i have included a kerberos-compatible interface in desUtil.c
|
||||
through the functions des_key_sched() and des_ecb_encrypt().
|
||||
@ -347,6 +408,7 @@ you should not need to #include desCore.h; just include the header
|
||||
file provided with the kerberos library.
|
||||
|
||||
Other uses
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
the macros in desCode.h would be very useful for putting inline des
|
||||
functions in more complicated encryption routines.
|
||||
@ -17,9 +17,14 @@ for cryptographic use cases, as well as programming examples.
|
||||
:maxdepth: 2
|
||||
|
||||
intro
|
||||
api-intro
|
||||
architecture
|
||||
|
||||
async-tx-api
|
||||
asymmetric-keys
|
||||
devel-algos
|
||||
userspace-if
|
||||
crypto_engine
|
||||
api
|
||||
api-samples
|
||||
descore-readme
|
||||
|
||||
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Four basic modes are defined: ``patch``, ``report``, ``context``, and
|
||||
file:line:column-column: message
|
||||
|
||||
- ``context`` highlights lines of interest and their context in a
|
||||
diff-like style.Lines of interest are indicated with ``-``.
|
||||
diff-like style. Lines of interest are indicated with ``-``.
|
||||
|
||||
- ``org`` generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ For each semantic patch, a commit message is proposed. It gives a
|
||||
description of the problem being checked by the semantic patch, and
|
||||
includes a reference to Coccinelle.
|
||||
|
||||
As any static code analyzer, Coccinelle produces false
|
||||
As with any static code analyzer, Coccinelle produces false
|
||||
positives. Thus, reports must be carefully checked, and patches
|
||||
reviewed.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -135,18 +135,18 @@ the parallelism, set the J= variable. For example, to run across 4 CPUs::
|
||||
|
||||
make coccicheck MODE=report J=4
|
||||
|
||||
As of Coccinelle 1.0.2 Coccinelle uses Ocaml parmap for parallelization,
|
||||
As of Coccinelle 1.0.2 Coccinelle uses Ocaml parmap for parallelization;
|
||||
if support for this is detected you will benefit from parmap parallelization.
|
||||
|
||||
When parmap is enabled coccicheck will enable dynamic load balancing by using
|
||||
``--chunksize 1`` argument, this ensures we keep feeding threads with work
|
||||
``--chunksize 1`` argument. This ensures we keep feeding threads with work
|
||||
one by one, so that we avoid the situation where most work gets done by only
|
||||
a few threads. With dynamic load balancing, if a thread finishes early we keep
|
||||
feeding it more work.
|
||||
|
||||
When parmap is enabled, if an error occurs in Coccinelle, this error
|
||||
value is propagated back, the return value of the ``make coccicheck``
|
||||
captures this return value.
|
||||
value is propagated back, and the return value of the ``make coccicheck``
|
||||
command captures this return value.
|
||||
|
||||
Using Coccinelle with a single semantic patch
|
||||
---------------------------------------------
|
||||
@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ To check only newly edited code, use the value 2 for the C flag, i.e.::
|
||||
|
||||
make C=2 CHECK="scripts/coccicheck"
|
||||
|
||||
In these modes, which works on a file basis, there is no information
|
||||
In these modes, which work on a file basis, there is no information
|
||||
about semantic patches displayed, and no commit message proposed.
|
||||
|
||||
This runs every semantic patch in scripts/coccinelle by default. The
|
||||
@ -198,12 +198,12 @@ Debugging Coccinelle SmPL patches
|
||||
|
||||
Using coccicheck is best as it provides in the spatch command line
|
||||
include options matching the options used when we compile the kernel.
|
||||
You can learn what these options are by using V=1, you could then
|
||||
You can learn what these options are by using V=1; you could then
|
||||
manually run Coccinelle with debug options added.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively you can debug running Coccinelle against SmPL patches
|
||||
by asking for stderr to be redirected to stderr, by default stderr
|
||||
is redirected to /dev/null, if you'd like to capture stderr you
|
||||
by asking for stderr to be redirected to stderr. By default stderr
|
||||
is redirected to /dev/null; if you'd like to capture stderr you
|
||||
can specify the ``DEBUG_FILE="file.txt"`` option to coccicheck. For
|
||||
instance::
|
||||
|
||||
@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ instance::
|
||||
make coccicheck COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/free/kfree.cocci MODE=report DEBUG_FILE=cocci.err
|
||||
cat cocci.err
|
||||
|
||||
You can use SPFLAGS to add debugging flags, for instance you may want to
|
||||
add both --profile --show-trying to SPFLAGS when debugging. For instance
|
||||
You can use SPFLAGS to add debugging flags; for instance you may want to
|
||||
add both --profile --show-trying to SPFLAGS when debugging. For example
|
||||
you may want to use::
|
||||
|
||||
rm -f err.log
|
||||
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ DEBUG_FILE support is only supported when using coccinelle >= 1.0.2.
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Coccinelle supports reading .cocciconfig for default Coccinelle options that
|
||||
should be used every time spatch is spawned, the order of precedence for
|
||||
should be used every time spatch is spawned. The order of precedence for
|
||||
variables for .cocciconfig is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
- Your current user's home directory is processed first
|
||||
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ variables for .cocciconfig is as follows:
|
||||
- The directory provided with the --dir option is processed last, if used
|
||||
|
||||
Since coccicheck runs through make, it naturally runs from the kernel
|
||||
proper dir, as such the second rule above would be implied for picking up a
|
||||
proper dir; as such the second rule above would be implied for picking up a
|
||||
.cocciconfig when using ``make coccicheck``.
|
||||
|
||||
``make coccicheck`` also supports using M= targets. If you do not supply
|
||||
@ -260,13 +260,13 @@ If not using the kernel's coccicheck target, keep the above precedence
|
||||
order logic of .cocciconfig reading. If using the kernel's coccicheck target,
|
||||
override any of the kernel's .coccicheck's settings using SPFLAGS.
|
||||
|
||||
We help Coccinelle when used against Linux with a set of sensible defaults
|
||||
We help Coccinelle when used against Linux with a set of sensible default
|
||||
options for Linux with our own Linux .cocciconfig. This hints to coccinelle
|
||||
git can be used for ``git grep`` queries over coccigrep. A timeout of 200
|
||||
that git can be used for ``git grep`` queries over coccigrep. A timeout of 200
|
||||
seconds should suffice for now.
|
||||
|
||||
The options picked up by coccinelle when reading a .cocciconfig do not appear
|
||||
as arguments to spatch processes running on your system, to confirm what
|
||||
as arguments to spatch processes running on your system. To confirm what
|
||||
options will be used by Coccinelle run::
|
||||
|
||||
spatch --print-options-only
|
||||
@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ given to it when options are in conflict. ::
|
||||
|
||||
Coccinelle supports idutils as well but requires coccinelle >= 1.0.6.
|
||||
When no ID file is specified coccinelle assumes your ID database file
|
||||
is in the file .id-utils.index on the top level of the kernel, coccinelle
|
||||
is in the file .id-utils.index on the top level of the kernel. Coccinelle
|
||||
carries a script scripts/idutils_index.sh which creates the database with::
|
||||
|
||||
mkid -i C --output .id-utils.index
|
||||
@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ SmPL patch specific options
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
SmPL patches can have their own requirements for options passed
|
||||
to Coccinelle. SmPL patch specific options can be provided by
|
||||
to Coccinelle. SmPL patch-specific options can be provided by
|
||||
providing them at the top of the SmPL patch, for instance::
|
||||
|
||||
// Options: --no-includes --include-headers
|
||||
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ SmPL patch Coccinelle requirements
|
||||
|
||||
As Coccinelle features get added some more advanced SmPL patches
|
||||
may require newer versions of Coccinelle. If an SmPL patch requires
|
||||
at least a version of Coccinelle, this can be specified as follows,
|
||||
a minimum version of Coccinelle, this can be specified as follows,
|
||||
as an example if requiring at least Coccinelle >= 1.0.5::
|
||||
|
||||
// Requires: 1.0.5
|
||||
|
||||
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Possible uses:
|
||||
* minimizing kernel configurations (do I need this option if the
|
||||
associated code is never run?)
|
||||
|
||||
.. _gcov: http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
|
||||
.. _gcov: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
|
||||
.. _lcov: http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Note on compilers
|
||||
GCC and LLVM gcov tools are not necessarily compatible. Use gcov_ to work with
|
||||
GCC-generated .gcno and .gcda files, and use llvm-cov_ for Clang.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _gcov: http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
|
||||
.. _gcov: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
|
||||
.. _llvm-cov: https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-cov.html
|
||||
|
||||
Build differences between GCC and Clang gcov are handled by Kconfig. It
|
||||
|
||||
@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ The kgdboc driver contains logic to configure communications with an
|
||||
attached keyboard. The keyboard infrastructure is only compiled into the
|
||||
kernel when ``CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD=y`` is set in the kernel configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
The core polled keyboard driver driver for PS/2 type keyboards is in
|
||||
The core polled keyboard driver for PS/2 type keyboards is in
|
||||
``drivers/char/kdb_keyboard.c``. This driver is hooked into the debug core
|
||||
when kgdboc populates the callback in the array called
|
||||
:c:type:`kdb_poll_funcs[]`. The :c:func:`kdb_get_kbd_char` is the top-level
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ with the difference that the orphan objects are not freed but only
|
||||
reported via /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak. A similar method is used by the
|
||||
Valgrind tool (``memcheck --leak-check``) to detect the memory leaks in
|
||||
user-space applications.
|
||||
Kmemleak is supported on x86, arm, arm64, powerpc, sparc, sh, microblaze, mips,
|
||||
s390, nds32, arc and xtensa.
|
||||
|
||||
Usage
|
||||
-----
|
||||
|
||||
@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Sparse is a semantic checker for C programs; it can be used to find a
|
||||
number of potential problems with kernel code. See
|
||||
https://lwn.net/Articles/689907/ for an overview of sparse; this document
|
||||
contains some kernel-specific sparse information.
|
||||
More information on sparse, mainly about its internals, can be found in
|
||||
its official pages at https://sparse.docs.kernel.org.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Using sparse for typechecking
|
||||
@ -73,8 +75,8 @@ sparse would otherwise report a context imbalance.
|
||||
Getting sparse
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
You can get latest released versions from the Sparse homepage at
|
||||
https://sparse.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page
|
||||
You can get tarballs of the latest released versions from:
|
||||
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/devel/sparse/dist/
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, you can get snapshots of the latest development version
|
||||
of sparse using git to clone::
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
|
||||
Booting the Linux/ppc kernel without Open Firmware
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------
|
||||
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
(c) 2005 Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh at kernel.crashing.org>,
|
||||
IBM Corp.
|
||||
(c) 2005 Becky Bruce <becky.bruce at freescale.com>,
|
||||
Freescale Semiconductor, FSL SOC and 32-bit additions
|
||||
(c) 2006 MontaVista Software, Inc.
|
||||
Flash chip node definition
|
||||
==================================================
|
||||
Booting the Linux/ppc kernel without Open Firmware
|
||||
==================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Table of Contents
|
||||
=================
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2005 Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh at kernel.crashing.org>,
|
||||
IBM Corp.
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2005 Becky Bruce <becky.bruce at freescale.com>,
|
||||
Freescale Semiconductor, FSL SOC and 32-bit additions
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2006 MontaVista Software, Inc.
|
||||
Flash chip node definition
|
||||
|
||||
.. Table of Contents
|
||||
|
||||
I - Introduction
|
||||
1) Entry point for arch/arm
|
||||
@ -61,15 +65,18 @@ Table of Contents
|
||||
Revision Information
|
||||
====================
|
||||
|
||||
May 18, 2005: Rev 0.1 - Initial draft, no chapter III yet.
|
||||
May 18, 2005: Rev 0.1
|
||||
- Initial draft, no chapter III yet.
|
||||
|
||||
May 19, 2005: Rev 0.2 - Add chapter III and bits & pieces here or
|
||||
May 19, 2005: Rev 0.2
|
||||
- Add chapter III and bits & pieces here or
|
||||
clarifies the fact that a lot of things are
|
||||
optional, the kernel only requires a very
|
||||
small device tree, though it is encouraged
|
||||
to provide an as complete one as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
May 24, 2005: Rev 0.3 - Precise that DT block has to be in RAM
|
||||
May 24, 2005: Rev 0.3
|
||||
- Precise that DT block has to be in RAM
|
||||
- Misc fixes
|
||||
- Define version 3 and new format version 16
|
||||
for the DT block (version 16 needs kernel
|
||||
@ -82,7 +89,8 @@ Revision Information
|
||||
"name" property is now automatically
|
||||
deduced from the unit name
|
||||
|
||||
June 1, 2005: Rev 0.4 - Correct confusion between OF_DT_END and
|
||||
June 1, 2005: Rev 0.4
|
||||
- Correct confusion between OF_DT_END and
|
||||
OF_DT_END_NODE in structure definition.
|
||||
- Change version 16 format to always align
|
||||
property data to 4 bytes. Since tokens are
|
||||
@ -260,7 +268,7 @@ it with special cases.
|
||||
|
||||
b) create your main platform file as
|
||||
"arch/powerpc/platforms/myplatform/myboard_setup.c" and add it
|
||||
to the Makefile under the condition of your CONFIG_
|
||||
to the Makefile under the condition of your ``CONFIG_``
|
||||
option. This file will define a structure of type "ppc_md"
|
||||
containing the various callbacks that the generic code will
|
||||
use to get to your platform specific code
|
||||
@ -271,7 +279,7 @@ it with special cases.
|
||||
with classic Powerpc architectures.
|
||||
|
||||
3) Entry point for arch/x86
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
There is one single 32bit entry point to the kernel at code32_start,
|
||||
the decompressor (the real mode entry point goes to the same 32bit
|
||||
@ -280,7 +288,7 @@ it with special cases.
|
||||
Documentation/x86/boot.rst
|
||||
The physical pointer to the device-tree block (defined in chapter II)
|
||||
is passed via setup_data which requires at least boot protocol 2.09.
|
||||
The type filed is defined as
|
||||
The type filed is defined as::
|
||||
|
||||
#define SETUP_DTB 2
|
||||
|
||||
@ -354,9 +362,9 @@ the block to RAM before passing it to the kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
The kernel is passed the physical address pointing to an area of memory
|
||||
that is roughly described in include/linux/of_fdt.h by the structure
|
||||
boot_param_header:
|
||||
boot_param_header:::
|
||||
|
||||
struct boot_param_header {
|
||||
struct boot_param_header {
|
||||
u32 magic; /* magic word OF_DT_HEADER */
|
||||
u32 totalsize; /* total size of DT block */
|
||||
u32 off_dt_struct; /* offset to structure */
|
||||
@ -374,19 +382,19 @@ struct boot_param_header {
|
||||
|
||||
/* version 17 fields below */
|
||||
u32 size_dt_struct; /* size of the DT structure block */
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
Along with the constants:
|
||||
Along with the constants::
|
||||
|
||||
/* Definitions used by the flattened device tree */
|
||||
#define OF_DT_HEADER 0xd00dfeed /* 4: version,
|
||||
/* Definitions used by the flattened device tree */
|
||||
#define OF_DT_HEADER 0xd00dfeed /* 4: version,
|
||||
4: total size */
|
||||
#define OF_DT_BEGIN_NODE 0x1 /* Start node: full name
|
||||
#define OF_DT_BEGIN_NODE 0x1 /* Start node: full name
|
||||
*/
|
||||
#define OF_DT_END_NODE 0x2 /* End node */
|
||||
#define OF_DT_PROP 0x3 /* Property: name off,
|
||||
#define OF_DT_END_NODE 0x2 /* End node */
|
||||
#define OF_DT_PROP 0x3 /* Property: name off,
|
||||
size, content */
|
||||
#define OF_DT_END 0x9
|
||||
#define OF_DT_END 0x9
|
||||
|
||||
All values in this header are in big endian format, the various
|
||||
fields in this header are defined more precisely below. All
|
||||
@ -430,7 +438,7 @@ struct boot_param_header {
|
||||
way to avoid overriding critical things like, on Open Firmware
|
||||
capable machines, the RTAS instance, or on some pSeries, the TCE
|
||||
tables used for the iommu. Typically, the reserve map should
|
||||
contain _at least_ this DT block itself (header,total_size). If
|
||||
contain **at least** this DT block itself (header,total_size). If
|
||||
you are passing an initrd to the kernel, you should reserve it as
|
||||
well. You do not need to reserve the kernel image itself. The map
|
||||
should be 64-bit aligned.
|
||||
@ -485,7 +493,7 @@ struct boot_param_header {
|
||||
|
||||
So the typical layout of a DT block (though the various parts don't
|
||||
need to be in that order) looks like this (addresses go from top to
|
||||
bottom):
|
||||
bottom)::
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
@ -600,7 +608,7 @@ discussed in a later chapter. At this point, it is only meant to give
|
||||
you a idea of what a device-tree looks like. I have purposefully kept
|
||||
the "name" and "linux,phandle" properties which aren't necessary in
|
||||
order to give you a better idea of what the tree looks like in
|
||||
practice.
|
||||
practice::
|
||||
|
||||
/ o device-tree
|
||||
|- name = "device-tree"
|
||||
@ -650,6 +658,7 @@ properties and their content.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3) Device tree "structure" block
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The structure of the device tree is a linearized tree structure. The
|
||||
"OF_DT_BEGIN_NODE" token starts a new node, and the "OF_DT_END_NODE"
|
||||
@ -666,12 +675,14 @@ Here's the basic structure of a single node:
|
||||
root node)
|
||||
* [align gap to next 4 bytes boundary]
|
||||
* for each property:
|
||||
|
||||
* token OF_DT_PROP (that is 0x00000003)
|
||||
* 32-bit value of property value size in bytes (or 0 if no
|
||||
value)
|
||||
* 32-bit value of offset in string block of property name
|
||||
* property value data if any
|
||||
* [align gap to next 4 bytes boundary]
|
||||
|
||||
* [child nodes if any]
|
||||
* token OF_DT_END_NODE (that is 0x00000002)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -688,6 +699,7 @@ manipulating a flattened tree must take care to preserve this
|
||||
constraint.
|
||||
|
||||
4) Device tree "strings" block
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
In order to save space, property names, which are generally redundant,
|
||||
are stored separately in the "strings" block. This block is simply the
|
||||
@ -700,15 +712,17 @@ strings block.
|
||||
III - Required content of the device tree
|
||||
=========================================
|
||||
|
||||
WARNING: All "linux,*" properties defined in this document apply only
|
||||
to a flattened device-tree. If your platform uses a real
|
||||
implementation of Open Firmware or an implementation compatible with
|
||||
the Open Firmware client interface, those properties will be created
|
||||
by the trampoline code in the kernel's prom_init() file. For example,
|
||||
that's where you'll have to add code to detect your board model and
|
||||
set the platform number. However, when using the flattened device-tree
|
||||
entry point, there is no prom_init() pass, and thus you have to
|
||||
provide those properties yourself.
|
||||
.. Warning::
|
||||
|
||||
All ``linux,*`` properties defined in this document apply only
|
||||
to a flattened device-tree. If your platform uses a real
|
||||
implementation of Open Firmware or an implementation compatible with
|
||||
the Open Firmware client interface, those properties will be created
|
||||
by the trampoline code in the kernel's prom_init() file. For example,
|
||||
that's where you'll have to add code to detect your board model and
|
||||
set the platform number. However, when using the flattened device-tree
|
||||
entry point, there is no prom_init() pass, and thus you have to
|
||||
provide those properties yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1) Note about cells and address representation
|
||||
@ -769,7 +783,7 @@ addresses), all buses must contain a "ranges" property. If the
|
||||
"ranges" property is missing at a given level, it's assumed that
|
||||
translation isn't possible, i.e., the registers are not visible on the
|
||||
parent bus. The format of the "ranges" property for a bus is a list
|
||||
of:
|
||||
of::
|
||||
|
||||
bus address, parent bus address, size
|
||||
|
||||
@ -877,7 +891,7 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit.
|
||||
|
||||
This node is the parent of all individual CPU nodes. It doesn't
|
||||
have any specific requirements, though it's generally good practice
|
||||
to have at least:
|
||||
to have at least::
|
||||
|
||||
#address-cells = <00000001>
|
||||
#size-cells = <00000000>
|
||||
@ -887,7 +901,7 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit.
|
||||
that format when reading the "reg" properties of a CPU node, see
|
||||
below
|
||||
|
||||
c) The /cpus/* nodes
|
||||
c) The ``/cpus/*`` nodes
|
||||
|
||||
So under /cpus, you are supposed to create a node for every CPU on
|
||||
the machine. There is no specific restriction on the name of the
|
||||
@ -903,21 +917,23 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit.
|
||||
- reg : This is the physical CPU number, it's a single 32-bit cell
|
||||
and is also used as-is as the unit number for constructing the
|
||||
unit name in the full path. For example, with 2 CPUs, you would
|
||||
have the full path:
|
||||
have the full path::
|
||||
|
||||
/cpus/PowerPC,970FX@0
|
||||
/cpus/PowerPC,970FX@1
|
||||
|
||||
(unit addresses do not require leading zeroes)
|
||||
- d-cache-block-size : one cell, L1 data cache block size in bytes (*)
|
||||
- d-cache-block-size : one cell, L1 data cache block size in bytes [#]_
|
||||
- i-cache-block-size : one cell, L1 instruction cache block size in
|
||||
bytes
|
||||
- d-cache-size : one cell, size of L1 data cache in bytes
|
||||
- i-cache-size : one cell, size of L1 instruction cache in bytes
|
||||
|
||||
(*) The cache "block" size is the size on which the cache management
|
||||
instructions operate. Historically, this document used the cache
|
||||
"line" size here which is incorrect. The kernel will prefer the cache
|
||||
block size and will fallback to cache line size for backward
|
||||
compatibility.
|
||||
.. [#] The cache "block" size is the size on which the cache management
|
||||
instructions operate. Historically, this document used the cache
|
||||
"line" size here which is incorrect. The kernel will prefer the cache
|
||||
block size and will fallback to cache line size for backward
|
||||
compatibility.
|
||||
|
||||
Recommended properties:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -963,7 +979,7 @@ compatibility.
|
||||
#address-cells and #size-cells of the root node. For example,
|
||||
with both of these properties being 2 like in the example given
|
||||
earlier, a 970 based machine with 6Gb of RAM could typically
|
||||
have a "reg" property here that looks like:
|
||||
have a "reg" property here that looks like::
|
||||
|
||||
00000000 00000000 00000000 80000000
|
||||
00000001 00000000 00000001 00000000
|
||||
@ -1058,7 +1074,7 @@ compatibility.
|
||||
on the SOC but are not used by a particular platform. See chapter VI
|
||||
for more information on how to specify devices that are part of a SOC.
|
||||
|
||||
Example SOC node for the MPC8540:
|
||||
Example SOC node for the MPC8540::
|
||||
|
||||
soc8540@e0000000 {
|
||||
#address-cells = <1>;
|
||||
@ -1079,18 +1095,20 @@ IV - "dtc", the device tree compiler
|
||||
dtc source code can be found at
|
||||
<http://git.jdl.com/gitweb/?p=dtc.git>
|
||||
|
||||
WARNING: This version is still in early development stage; the
|
||||
resulting device-tree "blobs" have not yet been validated with the
|
||||
kernel. The current generated block lacks a useful reserve map (it will
|
||||
be fixed to generate an empty one, it's up to the bootloader to fill
|
||||
it up) among others. The error handling needs work, bugs are lurking,
|
||||
etc...
|
||||
.. Warning::
|
||||
|
||||
This version is still in early development stage; the
|
||||
resulting device-tree "blobs" have not yet been validated with the
|
||||
kernel. The current generated block lacks a useful reserve map (it will
|
||||
be fixed to generate an empty one, it's up to the bootloader to fill
|
||||
it up) among others. The error handling needs work, bugs are lurking,
|
||||
etc...
|
||||
|
||||
dtc basically takes a device-tree in a given format and outputs a
|
||||
device-tree in another format. The currently supported formats are:
|
||||
|
||||
Input formats:
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
Input formats
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
- "dtb": "blob" format, that is a flattened device-tree block
|
||||
with
|
||||
@ -1102,8 +1120,8 @@ device-tree in another format. The currently supported formats are:
|
||||
output of /proc/device-tree, that is nodes are directories and
|
||||
properties are files
|
||||
|
||||
Output formats:
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
Output formats
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
- "dtb": "blob" format
|
||||
- "dts": "source" format
|
||||
@ -1113,7 +1131,7 @@ device-tree in another format. The currently supported formats are:
|
||||
assembly file exports some symbols that can be used.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The syntax of the dtc tool is
|
||||
The syntax of the dtc tool is::
|
||||
|
||||
dtc [-I <input-format>] [-O <output-format>]
|
||||
[-o output-filename] [-V output_version] input_filename
|
||||
@ -1127,15 +1145,17 @@ Additionally, dtc performs various sanity checks on the tree, like the
|
||||
uniqueness of linux, phandle properties, validity of strings, etc...
|
||||
|
||||
The format of the .dts "source" file is "C" like, supports C and C++
|
||||
style comments.
|
||||
style comments::
|
||||
|
||||
/ {
|
||||
}
|
||||
/ {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
The above is the "device-tree" definition. It's the only statement
|
||||
supported currently at the toplevel.
|
||||
|
||||
/ {
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
/ {
|
||||
property1 = "string_value"; /* define a property containing a 0
|
||||
* terminated string
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@ -1163,7 +1183,7 @@ supported currently at the toplevel.
|
||||
* childnode (in this case, a string)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
Nodes can contain other nodes etc... thus defining the hierarchical
|
||||
structure of the tree.
|
||||
@ -1322,7 +1342,7 @@ phandle of the parent node.
|
||||
|
||||
If the interrupt-parent property is not defined for a node, its
|
||||
interrupt parent is assumed to be an ancestor in the node's
|
||||
_device tree_ hierarchy.
|
||||
*device tree* hierarchy.
|
||||
|
||||
3) OpenPIC Interrupt Controllers
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
@ -1334,10 +1354,12 @@ information.
|
||||
|
||||
Sense and level information should be encoded as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
0 = low to high edge sensitive type enabled
|
||||
1 = active low level sensitive type enabled
|
||||
2 = active high level sensitive type enabled
|
||||
3 = high to low edge sensitive type enabled
|
||||
== ========================================
|
||||
0 low to high edge sensitive type enabled
|
||||
1 active low level sensitive type enabled
|
||||
2 active high level sensitive type enabled
|
||||
3 high to low edge sensitive type enabled
|
||||
== ========================================
|
||||
|
||||
4) ISA Interrupt Controllers
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
@ -1350,13 +1372,15 @@ information.
|
||||
ISA PIC interrupt controllers should adhere to the ISA PIC
|
||||
encodings listed below:
|
||||
|
||||
0 = active low level sensitive type enabled
|
||||
1 = active high level sensitive type enabled
|
||||
2 = high to low edge sensitive type enabled
|
||||
3 = low to high edge sensitive type enabled
|
||||
== ========================================
|
||||
0 active low level sensitive type enabled
|
||||
1 active high level sensitive type enabled
|
||||
2 high to low edge sensitive type enabled
|
||||
3 low to high edge sensitive type enabled
|
||||
== ========================================
|
||||
|
||||
VIII - Specifying Device Power Management Information (sleep property)
|
||||
===================================================================
|
||||
======================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Devices on SOCs often have mechanisms for placing devices into low-power
|
||||
states that are decoupled from the devices' own register blocks. Sometimes,
|
||||
@ -1387,6 +1411,7 @@ reasonably grouped in this manner, then create a virtual sleep controller
|
||||
sleep-map should wait until its necessity is demonstrated).
|
||||
|
||||
IX - Specifying dma bus information
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
Some devices may have DMA memory range shifted relatively to the beginning of
|
||||
RAM, or even placed outside of kernel RAM. For example, the Keystone 2 SoC
|
||||
@ -1404,7 +1429,9 @@ coherent DMA operations. The "dma-coherent" property is intended to be used
|
||||
for identifying devices supported coherent DMA operations in DT.
|
||||
|
||||
* DMA Bus master
|
||||
|
||||
Optional property:
|
||||
|
||||
- dma-ranges: <prop-encoded-array> encoded as arbitrary number of triplets of
|
||||
(child-bus-address, parent-bus-address, length). Each triplet specified
|
||||
describes a contiguous DMA address range.
|
||||
@ -1416,13 +1443,16 @@ Optional property:
|
||||
(for more information see the Devicetree Specification)
|
||||
|
||||
* DMA Bus child
|
||||
|
||||
Optional property:
|
||||
|
||||
- dma-ranges: <empty> value. if present - It means that DMA addresses
|
||||
translation has to be enabled for this device.
|
||||
- dma-coherent: Present if dma operations are coherent
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
soc {
|
||||
Example::
|
||||
|
||||
soc {
|
||||
compatible = "ti,keystone","simple-bus";
|
||||
ranges = <0x0 0x0 0x0 0xc0000000>;
|
||||
dma-ranges = <0x80000000 0x8 0x00000000 0x80000000>;
|
||||
@ -1435,11 +1465,13 @@ soc {
|
||||
[...]
|
||||
dma-coherent;
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
Appendix A - Sample SOC node for MPC8540
|
||||
========================================
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
soc@e0000000 {
|
||||
#address-cells = <1>;
|
||||
#size-cells = <1>;
|
||||
@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ Open Firmware and Device Tree
|
||||
overlay-notes
|
||||
|
||||
bindings/index
|
||||
booting-without-of
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ netlink based networking for inter-process communication in a significantly
|
||||
easier way::
|
||||
|
||||
int cn_add_callback(struct cb_id *id, char *name, void (*callback) (struct cn_msg *, struct netlink_skb_parms *));
|
||||
void cn_netlink_send_multi(struct cn_msg *msg, u16 len, u32 portid, u32 __group, int gfp_mask);
|
||||
void cn_netlink_send_mult(struct cn_msg *msg, u16 len, u32 portid, u32 __group, int gfp_mask);
|
||||
void cn_netlink_send(struct cn_msg *msg, u32 portid, u32 __group, int gfp_mask);
|
||||
|
||||
struct cb_id
|
||||
@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ be dereferenced to `struct cn_msg *`::
|
||||
__u32 seq;
|
||||
__u32 ack;
|
||||
|
||||
__u32 len; /* Length of the following data */
|
||||
__u16 len; /* Length of the following data */
|
||||
__u16 flags;
|
||||
__u8 data[0];
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ are starting with one. Physical addresses are of type unsigned long.
|
||||
|
||||
This address should not be used directly. Instead, to get an address
|
||||
suitable for passing to the accessor functions described below, you
|
||||
should call :c:func:`ioremap()`. An address suitable for accessing
|
||||
should call ioremap(). An address suitable for accessing
|
||||
the device will be returned to you.
|
||||
|
||||
After you've finished using the device (say, in your module's exit
|
||||
routine), call :c:func:`iounmap()` in order to return the address
|
||||
routine), call iounmap() in order to return the address
|
||||
space to the kernel. Most architectures allocate new address space each
|
||||
time you call :c:func:`ioremap()`, and they can run out unless you
|
||||
call :c:func:`iounmap()`.
|
||||
time you call ioremap(), and they can run out unless you
|
||||
call iounmap().
|
||||
|
||||
Accessing the device
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ readb_relaxed(), readw_relaxed(), readl_relaxed(), readq_relaxed(),
|
||||
writeb(), writew(), writel() and writeq().
|
||||
|
||||
Some devices (such as framebuffers) would like to use larger transfers than
|
||||
8 bytes at a time. For these devices, the :c:func:`memcpy_toio()`,
|
||||
:c:func:`memcpy_fromio()` and :c:func:`memset_io()` functions are
|
||||
8 bytes at a time. For these devices, the memcpy_toio(),
|
||||
memcpy_fromio() and memset_io() functions are
|
||||
provided. Do not use memset or memcpy on IO addresses; they are not
|
||||
guaranteed to copy data in order.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ Accessing Port Space
|
||||
|
||||
Accesses to this space are provided through a set of functions which
|
||||
allow 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit accesses; also known as byte, word and
|
||||
long. These functions are :c:func:`inb()`, :c:func:`inw()`,
|
||||
:c:func:`inl()`, :c:func:`outb()`, :c:func:`outw()` and
|
||||
:c:func:`outl()`.
|
||||
long. These functions are inb(), inw(),
|
||||
inl(), outb(), outw() and
|
||||
outl().
|
||||
|
||||
Some variants are provided for these functions. Some devices require
|
||||
that accesses to their ports are slowed down. This functionality is
|
||||
provided by appending a ``_p`` to the end of the function.
|
||||
There are also equivalents to memcpy. The :c:func:`ins()` and
|
||||
:c:func:`outs()` functions copy bytes, words or longs to the given
|
||||
There are also equivalents to memcpy. The ins() and
|
||||
outs() functions copy bytes, words or longs to the given
|
||||
port.
|
||||
|
||||
Public Functions Provided
|
||||
|
||||
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ DMA Engine API Guide
|
||||
Vinod Koul <vinod dot koul at intel.com>
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:: For DMA Engine usage in async_tx please see:
|
||||
``Documentation/crypto/async-tx-api.txt``
|
||||
``Documentation/crypto/async-tx-api.rst``
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Below is a guide to device driver writers on how to use the Slave-DMA API of the
|
||||
|
||||
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ accommodates that API in some cases, and made some design choices to
|
||||
ensure that it stayed compatible.
|
||||
|
||||
For more information on the Async TX API, please look the relevant
|
||||
documentation file in Documentation/crypto/async-tx-api.txt.
|
||||
documentation file in Documentation/crypto/async-tx-api.rst.
|
||||
|
||||
DMAEngine APIs
|
||||
==============
|
||||
|
||||
@ -228,8 +228,6 @@ over management of devices from the bootloader, the usage of sync_state() is
|
||||
not restricted to that. Use it whenever it makes sense to take an action after
|
||||
all the consumers of a device have probed::
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
|
||||
|
||||
remove is called to unbind a driver from a device. This may be
|
||||
|
||||
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ You can obtain somewhat infrequent snapshots of klibc from
|
||||
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/
|
||||
|
||||
For active users, you are better off using the klibc git
|
||||
repository, at http://git.kernel.org/?p=libs/klibc/klibc.git
|
||||
repository, at https://git.kernel.org/?p=libs/klibc/klibc.git
|
||||
|
||||
The standalone klibc distribution currently provides three components,
|
||||
in addition to the klibc library:
|
||||
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ and a number of other utilities, so you can replace kinit and build
|
||||
custom initramfs images that meet your needs exactly.
|
||||
|
||||
For questions and help, you can sign up for the early userspace
|
||||
mailing list at http://www.zytor.com/mailman/listinfo/klibc
|
||||
mailing list at https://www.zytor.com/mailman/listinfo/klibc
|
||||
|
||||
How does it work?
|
||||
=================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ collisions are prevented, ...) please have a look at the I3C specification.
|
||||
This document is just a brief introduction to the I3C protocol and the concepts
|
||||
it brings to the table. If you need more information, please refer to the MIPI
|
||||
I3C specification (can be downloaded here
|
||||
http://resources.mipi.org/mipi-i3c-v1-download).
|
||||
https://resources.mipi.org/mipi-i3c-v1-download).
|
||||
|
||||
Introduction
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ available subsections can be seen below.
|
||||
scsi
|
||||
libata
|
||||
target
|
||||
mailbox
|
||||
mtdnand
|
||||
miscellaneous
|
||||
mei/index
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ management software that can use the IPMI system.
|
||||
|
||||
This document describes how to use the IPMI driver for Linux. If you
|
||||
are not familiar with IPMI itself, see the web site at
|
||||
http://www.intel.com/design/servers/ipmi/index.htm. IPMI is a big
|
||||
https://www.intel.com/design/servers/ipmi/index.htm. IPMI is a big
|
||||
subject and I can't cover it all here!
|
||||
|
||||
Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ memory devices like
|
||||
* Pseudo-SRAM devices
|
||||
|
||||
GPMC is found on Texas Instruments SoC's (OMAP based)
|
||||
IP details: http://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/spruh73 section 7.1
|
||||
IP details: https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/spruh73 section 7.1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
GPMC generic timing calculation:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ MMC tools introduction
|
||||
There is one MMC test tools called mmc-utils, which is maintained by Chris Ball,
|
||||
you can find it at the below public git repository:
|
||||
|
||||
http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/cjb/mmc-utils.git/
|
||||
https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/cjb/mmc-utils.git/
|
||||
|
||||
Functions
|
||||
=========
|
||||
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ registers and memory translation windows, as well as non common features like
|
||||
scratchpad and message registers. Scratchpad registers are read-and-writable
|
||||
registers that are accessible from either side of the device, so that peers can
|
||||
exchange a small amount of information at a fixed address. Message registers can
|
||||
be utilized for the same purpose. Additionally they are provided with with
|
||||
be utilized for the same purpose. Additionally they are provided with
|
||||
special status bits to make sure the information isn't rewritten by another
|
||||
peer. Doorbell registers provide a way for peers to send interrupt events.
|
||||
Memory windows allow translated read and write access to the peer memory.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ DAX:
|
||||
process address space.
|
||||
|
||||
DSM:
|
||||
Device Specific Method: ACPI method to to control specific
|
||||
Device Specific Method: ACPI method to control specific
|
||||
device - in this case the firmware.
|
||||
|
||||
DCR:
|
||||
@ -113,13 +113,13 @@ Supporting Documents
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
ACPI 6:
|
||||
http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_6.0.pdf
|
||||
https://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_6.0.pdf
|
||||
NVDIMM Namespace:
|
||||
http://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Namespace_Spec.pdf
|
||||
https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Namespace_Spec.pdf
|
||||
DSM Interface Example:
|
||||
http://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_DSM_Interface_Example.pdf
|
||||
https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_DSM_Interface_Example.pdf
|
||||
Driver Writer's Guide:
|
||||
http://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Driver_Writers_Guide.pdf
|
||||
https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Driver_Writers_Guide.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
Git Trees
|
||||
---------
|
||||
@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ Why the Term "namespace"?
|
||||
|
||||
2. The term originated to describe the sub-devices that can be created
|
||||
within a NVME controller (see the nvme specification:
|
||||
http://www.nvmexpress.org/specifications/), and NFIT namespaces are
|
||||
https://www.nvmexpress.org/specifications/), and NFIT namespaces are
|
||||
meant to parallel the capabilities and configurability of
|
||||
NVME-namespaces.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ Why the Term "namespace"?
|
||||
LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Block Translation Table "btt"
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A BTT (design document: http://pmem.io/2014/09/23/btt.html) is a stacked
|
||||
A BTT (design document: https://pmem.io/2014/09/23/btt.html) is a stacked
|
||||
block device driver that fronts either the whole block device or a
|
||||
partition of a block device emitted by either a PMEM or BLK NAMESPACE.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user