Merge branch 'for-3.11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu

Pull per-cpu changes from Tejun Heo:
 "This pull request contains Kent's per-cpu reference counter.  It has
  gone through several iterations since the last time and the dynamic
  allocation is gone.

  The usual usage is relatively straight-forward although async kill
  confirm interface, which is not used int most cases, is somewhat icky.
  There also are some interface concerns - e.g.  I'm not sure about
  passing in @relesae callback during init as that becomes funny when we
  later implement synchronous kill_and_drain - but nothing too serious
  and it's quite useable now.

  cgroup_subsys_state refcnting has already been converted and we should
  convert module refcnt (Kent?)"

* 'for-3.11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu:
  percpu-refcount: use RCU-sched insted of normal RCU
  percpu-refcount: implement percpu_tryget() along with percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm()
  percpu-refcount: implement percpu_ref_cancel_init()
  percpu-refcount: add __must_check to percpu_ref_init() and don't use ACCESS_ONCE() in percpu_ref_kill_rcu()
  percpu-refcount: cosmetic updates
  percpu-refcount: consistently use plain (non-sched) RCU
  percpu-refcount: Don't use silly cmpxchg()
  percpu: implement generic percpu refcounting
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds 2013-07-02 19:52:14 -07:00
commit 13cc560138
3 changed files with 333 additions and 1 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
/*
* Percpu refcounts:
* (C) 2012 Google, Inc.
* Author: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
*
* This implements a refcount with similar semantics to atomic_t - atomic_inc(),
* atomic_dec_and_test() - but percpu.
*
* There's one important difference between percpu refs and normal atomic_t
* refcounts; you have to keep track of your initial refcount, and then when you
* start shutting down you call percpu_ref_kill() _before_ dropping the initial
* refcount.
*
* The refcount will have a range of 0 to ((1U << 31) - 1), i.e. one bit less
* than an atomic_t - this is because of the way shutdown works, see
* percpu_ref_kill()/PCPU_COUNT_BIAS.
*
* Before you call percpu_ref_kill(), percpu_ref_put() does not check for the
* refcount hitting 0 - it can't, if it was in percpu mode. percpu_ref_kill()
* puts the ref back in single atomic_t mode, collecting the per cpu refs and
* issuing the appropriate barriers, and then marks the ref as shutting down so
* that percpu_ref_put() will check for the ref hitting 0. After it returns,
* it's safe to drop the initial ref.
*
* USAGE:
*
* See fs/aio.c for some example usage; it's used there for struct kioctx, which
* is created when userspaces calls io_setup(), and destroyed when userspace
* calls io_destroy() or the process exits.
*
* In the aio code, kill_ioctx() is called when we wish to destroy a kioctx; it
* calls percpu_ref_kill(), then hlist_del_rcu() and sychronize_rcu() to remove
* the kioctx from the proccess's list of kioctxs - after that, there can't be
* any new users of the kioctx (from lookup_ioctx()) and it's then safe to drop
* the initial ref with percpu_ref_put().
*
* Code that does a two stage shutdown like this often needs some kind of
* explicit synchronization to ensure the initial refcount can only be dropped
* once - percpu_ref_kill() does this for you, it returns true once and false if
* someone else already called it. The aio code uses it this way, but it's not
* necessary if the code has some other mechanism to synchronize teardown.
* around.
*/
#ifndef _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
#define _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
struct percpu_ref;
typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);
struct percpu_ref {
atomic_t count;
/*
* The low bit of the pointer indicates whether the ref is in percpu
* mode; if set, then get/put will manipulate the atomic_t (this is a
* hack because we need to keep the pointer around for
* percpu_ref_kill_rcu())
*/
unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
percpu_ref_func_t *release;
percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill;
struct rcu_head rcu;
};
int __must_check percpu_ref_init(struct percpu_ref *ref,
percpu_ref_func_t *release);
void percpu_ref_cancel_init(struct percpu_ref *ref);
void percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(struct percpu_ref *ref,
percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill);
/**
* percpu_ref_kill - drop the initial ref
* @ref: percpu_ref to kill
*
* Must be used to drop the initial ref on a percpu refcount; must be called
* precisely once before shutdown.
*
* Puts @ref in non percpu mode, then does a call_rcu() before gathering up the
* percpu counters and dropping the initial ref.
*/
static inline void percpu_ref_kill(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
return percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(ref, NULL);
}
#define PCPU_STATUS_BITS 2
#define PCPU_STATUS_MASK ((1 << PCPU_STATUS_BITS) - 1)
#define PCPU_REF_PTR 0
#define PCPU_REF_DEAD 1
#define REF_STATUS(count) (((unsigned long) count) & PCPU_STATUS_MASK)
/**
* percpu_ref_get - increment a percpu refcount
* @ref: percpu_ref to get
*
* Analagous to atomic_inc().
*/
static inline void percpu_ref_get(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
rcu_read_lock_sched();
pcpu_count = ACCESS_ONCE(ref->pcpu_count);
if (likely(REF_STATUS(pcpu_count) == PCPU_REF_PTR))
__this_cpu_inc(*pcpu_count);
else
atomic_inc(&ref->count);
rcu_read_unlock_sched();
}
/**
* percpu_ref_tryget - try to increment a percpu refcount
* @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
*
* Increment a percpu refcount unless it has already been killed. Returns
* %true on success; %false on failure.
*
* Completion of percpu_ref_kill() in itself doesn't guarantee that tryget
* will fail. For such guarantee, percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm() should be
* used. After the confirm_kill callback is invoked, it's guaranteed that
* no new reference will be given out by percpu_ref_tryget().
*/
static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
int ret = false;
rcu_read_lock_sched();
pcpu_count = ACCESS_ONCE(ref->pcpu_count);
if (likely(REF_STATUS(pcpu_count) == PCPU_REF_PTR)) {
__this_cpu_inc(*pcpu_count);
ret = true;
}
rcu_read_unlock_sched();
return ret;
}
/**
* percpu_ref_put - decrement a percpu refcount
* @ref: percpu_ref to put
*
* Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call the release function (which was passed
* to percpu_ref_init())
*/
static inline void percpu_ref_put(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
rcu_read_lock_sched();
pcpu_count = ACCESS_ONCE(ref->pcpu_count);
if (likely(REF_STATUS(pcpu_count) == PCPU_REF_PTR))
__this_cpu_dec(*pcpu_count);
else if (unlikely(atomic_dec_and_test(&ref->count)))
ref->release(ref);
rcu_read_unlock_sched();
}
#endif

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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ lib-y := ctype.o string.o vsprintf.o cmdline.o \
sha1.o md5.o irq_regs.o reciprocal_div.o argv_split.o \
proportions.o flex_proportions.o prio_heap.o ratelimit.o show_mem.o \
is_single_threaded.o plist.o decompress.o kobject_uevent.o \
earlycpio.o
earlycpio.o percpu-refcount.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_DEBUG_STRICT_USER_COPY_CHECKS) += usercopy.o
lib-$(CONFIG_MMU) += ioremap.o

158
lib/percpu-refcount.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "%s: " fmt "\n", __func__
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/percpu-refcount.h>
/*
* Initially, a percpu refcount is just a set of percpu counters. Initially, we
* don't try to detect the ref hitting 0 - which means that get/put can just
* increment or decrement the local counter. Note that the counter on a
* particular cpu can (and will) wrap - this is fine, when we go to shutdown the
* percpu counters will all sum to the correct value
*
* (More precisely: because moduler arithmatic is commutative the sum of all the
* pcpu_count vars will be equal to what it would have been if all the gets and
* puts were done to a single integer, even if some of the percpu integers
* overflow or underflow).
*
* The real trick to implementing percpu refcounts is shutdown. We can't detect
* the ref hitting 0 on every put - this would require global synchronization
* and defeat the whole purpose of using percpu refs.
*
* What we do is require the user to keep track of the initial refcount; we know
* the ref can't hit 0 before the user drops the initial ref, so as long as we
* convert to non percpu mode before the initial ref is dropped everything
* works.
*
* Converting to non percpu mode is done with some RCUish stuff in
* percpu_ref_kill. Additionally, we need a bias value so that the atomic_t
* can't hit 0 before we've added up all the percpu refs.
*/
#define PCPU_COUNT_BIAS (1U << 31)
/**
* percpu_ref_init - initialize a percpu refcount
* @ref: percpu_ref to initialize
* @release: function which will be called when refcount hits 0
*
* Initializes the refcount in single atomic counter mode with a refcount of 1;
* analagous to atomic_set(ref, 1).
*
* Note that @release must not sleep - it may potentially be called from RCU
* callback context by percpu_ref_kill().
*/
int percpu_ref_init(struct percpu_ref *ref, percpu_ref_func_t *release)
{
atomic_set(&ref->count, 1 + PCPU_COUNT_BIAS);
ref->pcpu_count = alloc_percpu(unsigned);
if (!ref->pcpu_count)
return -ENOMEM;
ref->release = release;
return 0;
}
/**
* percpu_ref_cancel_init - cancel percpu_ref_init()
* @ref: percpu_ref to cancel init for
*
* Once a percpu_ref is initialized, its destruction is initiated by
* percpu_ref_kill() and completes asynchronously, which can be painful to
* do when destroying a half-constructed object in init failure path.
*
* This function destroys @ref without invoking @ref->release and the
* memory area containing it can be freed immediately on return. To
* prevent accidental misuse, it's required that @ref has finished
* percpu_ref_init(), whether successful or not, but never used.
*
* The weird name and usage restriction are to prevent people from using
* this function by mistake for normal shutdown instead of
* percpu_ref_kill().
*/
void percpu_ref_cancel_init(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count = ref->pcpu_count;
int cpu;
WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&ref->count) != 1 + PCPU_COUNT_BIAS);
if (pcpu_count) {
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
WARN_ON_ONCE(*per_cpu_ptr(pcpu_count, cpu));
free_percpu(ref->pcpu_count);
}
}
static void percpu_ref_kill_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
{
struct percpu_ref *ref = container_of(rcu, struct percpu_ref, rcu);
unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count = ref->pcpu_count;
unsigned count = 0;
int cpu;
/* Mask out PCPU_REF_DEAD */
pcpu_count = (unsigned __percpu *)
(((unsigned long) pcpu_count) & ~PCPU_STATUS_MASK);
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
count += *per_cpu_ptr(pcpu_count, cpu);
free_percpu(pcpu_count);
pr_debug("global %i pcpu %i", atomic_read(&ref->count), (int) count);
/*
* It's crucial that we sum the percpu counters _before_ adding the sum
* to &ref->count; since gets could be happening on one cpu while puts
* happen on another, adding a single cpu's count could cause
* @ref->count to hit 0 before we've got a consistent value - but the
* sum of all the counts will be consistent and correct.
*
* Subtracting the bias value then has to happen _after_ adding count to
* &ref->count; we need the bias value to prevent &ref->count from
* reaching 0 before we add the percpu counts. But doing it at the same
* time is equivalent and saves us atomic operations:
*/
atomic_add((int) count - PCPU_COUNT_BIAS, &ref->count);
/* @ref is viewed as dead on all CPUs, send out kill confirmation */
if (ref->confirm_kill)
ref->confirm_kill(ref);
/*
* Now we're in single atomic_t mode with a consistent refcount, so it's
* safe to drop our initial ref:
*/
percpu_ref_put(ref);
}
/**
* percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm - drop the initial ref and schedule confirmation
* @ref: percpu_ref to kill
* @confirm_kill: optional confirmation callback
*
* Equivalent to percpu_ref_kill() but also schedules kill confirmation if
* @confirm_kill is not NULL. @confirm_kill, which may not block, will be
* called after @ref is seen as dead from all CPUs - all further
* invocations of percpu_ref_tryget() will fail. See percpu_ref_tryget()
* for more details.
*
* Due to the way percpu_ref is implemented, @confirm_kill will be called
* after at least one full RCU grace period has passed but this is an
* implementation detail and callers must not depend on it.
*/
void percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(struct percpu_ref *ref,
percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill)
{
WARN_ONCE(REF_STATUS(ref->pcpu_count) == PCPU_REF_DEAD,
"percpu_ref_kill() called more than once!\n");
ref->pcpu_count = (unsigned __percpu *)
(((unsigned long) ref->pcpu_count)|PCPU_REF_DEAD);
ref->confirm_kill = confirm_kill;
call_rcu_sched(&ref->rcu, percpu_ref_kill_rcu);
}