RISC-V: Flush I$ when making a dirty page executable

The RISC-V ISA allows for instruction caches that are not coherent WRT
stores, even on a single hart.  As a result, we need to explicitly flush
the instruction cache whenever marking a dirty page as executable in
order to preserve the correct system behavior.

Local instruction caches aren't that scary (our implementations actually
flush the cache, but RISC-V is defined to allow higher-performance
implementations to exist), but RISC-V defines no way to perform an
instruction cache shootdown.  When explicitly asked to do so we can
shoot down remote instruction caches via an IPI, but this is a bit on
the slow side.

Instead of requiring an IPI to all harts whenever marking a page as
executable, we simply flush the currently running harts.  In order to
maintain correct behavior, we additionally mark every other hart as
needing a deferred instruction cache which will be taken before anything
runs on it.

Signed-off-by: Andrew Waterman <andrew@sifive.com>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>

arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h

@@ -18,21 +18,37 @@
 
 #undef flush_icache_range
 #undef flush_icache_user_range
+#undef flush_dcache_page
 
 static inline void local_flush_icache_all(void)
 {
 	asm volatile ("fence.i" ::: "memory");
 }
 
+#define PG_dcache_clean PG_arch_1
+
+static inline void flush_dcache_page(struct page *page)
+{
+	if (test_bit(PG_dcache_clean, &page->flags))
+		clear_bit(PG_dcache_clean, &page->flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * RISC-V doesn't have an instruction to flush parts of the instruction cache,
+ * so instead we just flush the whole thing.
+ */
+#define flush_icache_range(start, end) flush_icache_all()
+#define flush_icache_user_range(vma, pg, addr, len) flush_icache_all()
+
 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
 
-#define flush_icache_range(start, end) local_flush_icache_all()
-#define flush_icache_user_range(vma, pg, addr, len) local_flush_icache_all()
+#define flush_icache_all() local_flush_icache_all()
+#define flush_icache_mm(mm, local) flush_icache_all()
 
 #else /* CONFIG_SMP */
 
-#define flush_icache_range(start, end) sbi_remote_fence_i(0)
-#define flush_icache_user_range(vma, pg, addr, len) sbi_remote_fence_i(0)
+#define flush_icache_all() sbi_remote_fence_i(0)
+void flush_icache_mm(struct mm_struct *mm, bool local);
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
 

arch/riscv/include/asm/mmu.h

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 
 typedef struct {
 	void *vdso;
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+	/* A local icache flush is needed before user execution can resume. */
+	cpumask_t icache_stale_mask;
+#endif
 } mm_context_t;
 
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */

arch/riscv/include/asm/mmu_context.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2012 Regents of the University of California
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 SiFive
  *
  *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  *   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
+#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
 
 static inline void enter_lazy_tlb(struct mm_struct *mm,
 	struct task_struct *task)
@@ -46,12 +48,54 @@ static inline void set_pgdir(pgd_t *pgd)
 	csr_write(sptbr, virt_to_pfn(pgd) | SPTBR_MODE);
 }
 
+/*
+ * When necessary, performs a deferred icache flush for the given MM context,
+ * on the local CPU.  RISC-V has no direct mechanism for instruction cache
+ * shoot downs, so instead we send an IPI that informs the remote harts they
+ * need to flush their local instruction caches.  To avoid pathologically slow
+ * behavior in a common case (a bunch of single-hart processes on a many-hart
+ * machine, ie 'make -j') we avoid the IPIs for harts that are not currently
+ * executing a MM context and instead schedule a deferred local instruction
+ * cache flush to be performed before execution resumes on each hart.  This
+ * actually performs that local instruction cache flush, which implicitly only
+ * refers to the current hart.
+ */
+static inline void flush_icache_deferred(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+	unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	cpumask_t *mask = &mm->context.icache_stale_mask;
+
+	if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, mask)) {
+		cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mask);
+		/*
+		 * Ensure the remote hart's writes are visible to this hart.
+		 * This pairs with a barrier in flush_icache_mm.
+		 */
+		smp_mb();
+		local_flush_icache_all();
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
 static inline void switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev,
 	struct mm_struct *next, struct task_struct *task)
 {
 	if (likely(prev != next)) {
+		/*
+		 * Mark the current MM context as inactive, and the next as
+		 * active.  This is at least used by the icache flushing
+		 * routines in order to determine who should
+		 */
+		unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+
+		cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(prev));
+		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next));
+
 		set_pgdir(next->pgd);
 		local_flush_tlb_all();
+
+		flush_icache_deferred(next);
 	}
 }
 

arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -178,28 +178,6 @@ static inline pte_t *pte_offset_kernel(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr)
 #define pte_offset_map(dir, addr)	pte_offset_kernel((dir), (addr))
 #define pte_unmap(pte)			((void)(pte))
 
-/*
- * Certain architectures need to do special things when PTEs within
- * a page table are directly modified.  Thus, the following hook is
- * made available.
- */
-static inline void set_pte(pte_t *ptep, pte_t pteval)
-{
-	*ptep = pteval;
-}
-
-static inline void set_pte_at(struct mm_struct *mm,
-	unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep, pte_t pteval)
-{
-	set_pte(ptep, pteval);
-}
-
-static inline void pte_clear(struct mm_struct *mm,
-	unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep)
-{
-	set_pte_at(mm, addr, ptep, __pte(0));
-}
-
 static inline int pte_present(pte_t pte)
 {
 	return (pte_val(pte) & _PAGE_PRESENT);
@@ -210,21 +188,22 @@ static inline int pte_none(pte_t pte)
 	return (pte_val(pte) == 0);
 }
 
-/* static inline int pte_read(pte_t pte) */
-
 static inline int pte_write(pte_t pte)
 {
 	return pte_val(pte) & _PAGE_WRITE;
 }
 
+static inline int pte_exec(pte_t pte)
+{
+	return pte_val(pte) & _PAGE_EXEC;
+}
+
 static inline int pte_huge(pte_t pte)
 {
 	return pte_present(pte)
 		&& (pte_val(pte) & (_PAGE_READ | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC));
 }
 
-/* static inline int pte_exec(pte_t pte) */
-
 static inline int pte_dirty(pte_t pte)
 {
 	return pte_val(pte) & _PAGE_DIRTY;
@@ -311,6 +290,33 @@ static inline int pte_same(pte_t pte_a, pte_t pte_b)
 	return pte_val(pte_a) == pte_val(pte_b);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Certain architectures need to do special things when PTEs within
+ * a page table are directly modified.  Thus, the following hook is
+ * made available.
+ */
+static inline void set_pte(pte_t *ptep, pte_t pteval)
+{
+	*ptep = pteval;
+}
+
+void flush_icache_pte(pte_t pte);
+
+static inline void set_pte_at(struct mm_struct *mm,
+	unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep, pte_t pteval)
+{
+	if (pte_present(pteval) && pte_exec(pteval))
+		flush_icache_pte(pteval);
+
+	set_pte(ptep, pteval);
+}
+
+static inline void pte_clear(struct mm_struct *mm,
+	unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep)
+{
+	set_pte_at(mm, addr, ptep, __pte(0));
+}
+
 #define __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_SET_ACCESS_FLAGS
 static inline int ptep_set_access_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 					unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep,

arch/riscv/include/asm/tlbflush.h

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
 
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
+
 /* Flush entire local TLB */
 static inline void local_flush_tlb_all(void)
 {