linux/Documentation/vm/swap_numa.rst

.. _swap_numa:

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Automatically bind swap device to numa node
===========================================

If the system has more than one swap device and swap device has the node
information, we can make use of this information to decide which swap
device to use in get_swap_pages() to get better performance.


How to use this feature
=======================

Swap device has priority and that decides the order of it to be used. To make
use of automatically binding, there is no need to manipulate priority settings
for swap devices. e.g. on a 2 node machine, assume 2 swap devices swapA and
swapB, with swapA attached to node 0 and swapB attached to node 1, are going
to be swapped on. Simply swapping them on by doing::

	# swapon /dev/swapA
	# swapon /dev/swapB

Then node 0 will use the two swap devices in the order of swapA then swapB and
node 1 will use the two swap devices in the order of swapB then swapA. Note
that the order of them being swapped on doesn't matter.

A more complex example on a 4 node machine. Assume 6 swap devices are going to
be swapped on: swapA and swapB are attached to node 0, swapC is attached to
node 1, swapD and swapE are attached to node 2 and swapF is attached to node3.
The way to swap them on is the same as above::

	# swapon /dev/swapA
	# swapon /dev/swapB
	# swapon /dev/swapC
	# swapon /dev/swapD
	# swapon /dev/swapE
	# swapon /dev/swapF

Then node 0 will use them in the order of::

	swapA/swapB -> swapC -> swapD -> swapE -> swapF

swapA and swapB will be used in a round robin mode before any other swap device.

node 1 will use them in the order of::

	swapC -> swapA -> swapB -> swapD -> swapE -> swapF

node 2 will use them in the order of::

	swapD/swapE -> swapA -> swapB -> swapC -> swapF

Similaly, swapD and swapE will be used in a round robin mode before any
other swap devices.

node 3 will use them in the order of::

	swapF -> swapA -> swapB -> swapC -> swapD -> swapE


Implementation details
======================

The current code uses a priority based list, swap_avail_list, to decide
which swap device to use and if multiple swap devices share the same
priority, they are used round robin. This change here replaces the single
global swap_avail_list with a per-numa-node list, i.e. for each numa node,
it sees its own priority based list of available swap devices. Swap
device's priority can be promoted on its matching node's swap_avail_list.

The current swap device's priority is set as: user can set a >=0 value,
or the system will pick one starting from -1 then downwards. The priority
value in the swap_avail_list is the negated value of the swap device's
due to plist being sorted from low to high. The new policy doesn't change
the semantics for priority >=0 cases, the previous starting from -1 then
downwards now becomes starting from -2 then downwards and -1 is reserved
as the promoted value. So if multiple swap devices are attached to the same
node, they will all be promoted to priority -1 on that node's plist and will
be used round robin before any other swap devices.