linux/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h

#ifndef _ASM_X86_PGTABLE_H
#define _ASM_X86_PGTABLE_H

#define FIRST_USER_ADDRESS	0

#define _PAGE_BIT_PRESENT	0	/* is present */
#define _PAGE_BIT_RW		1	/* writeable */
#define _PAGE_BIT_USER		2	/* userspace addressable */
#define _PAGE_BIT_PWT		3	/* page write through */
#define _PAGE_BIT_PCD		4	/* page cache disabled */
#define _PAGE_BIT_ACCESSED	5	/* was accessed (raised by CPU) */
#define _PAGE_BIT_DIRTY		6	/* was written to (raised by CPU) */
#define _PAGE_BIT_PSE		7	/* 4 MB (or 2MB) page */
#define _PAGE_BIT_PAT		7	/* on 4KB pages */
#define _PAGE_BIT_GLOBAL	8	/* Global TLB entry PPro+ */
#define _PAGE_BIT_UNUSED1	9	/* available for programmer */
#define _PAGE_BIT_IOMAP		10	/* flag used to indicate IO mapping */
#define _PAGE_BIT_UNUSED3	11
#define _PAGE_BIT_PAT_LARGE	12	/* On 2MB or 1GB pages */
#define _PAGE_BIT_SPECIAL	_PAGE_BIT_UNUSED1
#define _PAGE_BIT_CPA_TEST	_PAGE_BIT_UNUSED1
#define _PAGE_BIT_NX           63       /* No execute: only valid after cpuid check */

/* If _PAGE_BIT_PRESENT is clear, we use these: */
/* - if the user mapped it with PROT_NONE; pte_present gives true */
#define _PAGE_BIT_PROTNONE	_PAGE_BIT_GLOBAL
/* - set: nonlinear file mapping, saved PTE; unset:swap */
#define _PAGE_BIT_FILE		_PAGE_BIT_DIRTY

#define _PAGE_PRESENT	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PRESENT)
#define _PAGE_RW	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_RW)
#define _PAGE_USER	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_USER)
#define _PAGE_PWT	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PWT)
#define _PAGE_PCD	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PCD)
#define _PAGE_ACCESSED	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_ACCESSED)
#define _PAGE_DIRTY	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_DIRTY)
#define _PAGE_PSE	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PSE)
#define _PAGE_GLOBAL	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_GLOBAL)
#define _PAGE_UNUSED1	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_UNUSED1)
#define _PAGE_IOMAP	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_IOMAP)
#define _PAGE_UNUSED3	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_UNUSED3)
#define _PAGE_PAT	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PAT)
#define _PAGE_PAT_LARGE (_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PAT_LARGE)
#define _PAGE_SPECIAL	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_SPECIAL)
#define _PAGE_CPA_TEST	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_CPA_TEST)
#define __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL

#if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) || defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE)
#define _PAGE_NX	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_NX)
#else
#define _PAGE_NX	(_AT(pteval_t, 0))
#endif

#define _PAGE_FILE	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_FILE)
#define _PAGE_PROTNONE	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PROTNONE)

#define _PAGE_TABLE	(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_USER |	\
			 _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_DIRTY)
#define _KERNPG_TABLE	(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_ACCESSED |	\
			 _PAGE_DIRTY)

/* Set of bits not changed in pte_modify */
#define _PAGE_CHG_MASK	(PTE_PFN_MASK | _PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT |		\
			 _PAGE_SPECIAL | _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_DIRTY)

#define _PAGE_CACHE_MASK	(_PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT)
#define _PAGE_CACHE_WB		(0)
#define _PAGE_CACHE_WC		(_PAGE_PWT)
#define _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS	(_PAGE_PCD)
#define _PAGE_CACHE_UC		(_PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT)

#define PAGE_NONE	__pgprot(_PAGE_PROTNONE | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
#define PAGE_SHARED	__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_USER | \
				 _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_NX)

#define PAGE_SHARED_EXEC	__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW |	\
					 _PAGE_USER | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
#define PAGE_COPY_NOEXEC	__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_USER |	\
					 _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_NX)
#define PAGE_COPY_EXEC		__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_USER |	\
					 _PAGE_ACCESSED)
#define PAGE_COPY		PAGE_COPY_NOEXEC
#define PAGE_READONLY		__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_USER |	\
					 _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_NX)
#define PAGE_READONLY_EXEC	__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_USER |	\
					 _PAGE_ACCESSED)

#define __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC						\
	(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_DIRTY | _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_GLOBAL)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL		(__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC | _PAGE_NX)

#define __PAGE_KERNEL_RO		(__PAGE_KERNEL & ~_PAGE_RW)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_RX		(__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC & ~_PAGE_RW)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC_NOCACHE	(__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC | _PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_WC		(__PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_CACHE_WC)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_NOCACHE		(__PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_UC_MINUS		(__PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_PCD)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_VSYSCALL		(__PAGE_KERNEL_RX | _PAGE_USER)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_VSYSCALL_NOCACHE	(__PAGE_KERNEL_VSYSCALL | _PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PWT)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE		(__PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_PSE)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_NOCACHE	(__PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_CACHE_UC | _PAGE_PSE)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC	(__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC | _PAGE_PSE)

#define __PAGE_KERNEL_IO		(__PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_IOMAP)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_IO_NOCACHE	(__PAGE_KERNEL_NOCACHE | _PAGE_IOMAP)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_IO_UC_MINUS	(__PAGE_KERNEL_UC_MINUS | _PAGE_IOMAP)
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_IO_WC		(__PAGE_KERNEL_WC | _PAGE_IOMAP)

#define PAGE_KERNEL			__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_RO			__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_RO)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_RX			__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_RX)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_WC			__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_WC)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_NOCACHE		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_NOCACHE)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_UC_MINUS		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_UC_MINUS)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC_NOCACHE	__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC_NOCACHE)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_NOCACHE	__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_NOCACHE)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_VSYSCALL		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_VSYSCALL)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_VSYSCALL_NOCACHE	__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_VSYSCALL_NOCACHE)

#define PAGE_KERNEL_IO			__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_IO)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_IO_NOCACHE		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_IO_NOCACHE)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_IO_UC_MINUS		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_IO_UC_MINUS)
#define PAGE_KERNEL_IO_WC		__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_IO_WC)

/*         xwr */
#define __P000	PAGE_NONE
#define __P001	PAGE_READONLY
#define __P010	PAGE_COPY
#define __P011	PAGE_COPY
#define __P100	PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
#define __P101	PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
#define __P110	PAGE_COPY_EXEC
#define __P111	PAGE_COPY_EXEC

#define __S000	PAGE_NONE
#define __S001	PAGE_READONLY
#define __S010	PAGE_SHARED
#define __S011	PAGE_SHARED
#define __S100	PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
#define __S101	PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
#define __S110	PAGE_SHARED_EXEC
#define __S111	PAGE_SHARED_EXEC

/*
 * early identity mapping  pte attrib macros.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
#define __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC	__PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC
#else
/*
 * For PDE_IDENT_ATTR include USER bit. As the PDE and PTE protection
 * bits are combined, this will alow user to access the high address mapped
 * VDSO in the presence of CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO
 */
#define PTE_IDENT_ATTR	 0x003		/* PRESENT+RW */
#define PDE_IDENT_ATTR	 0x067		/* PRESENT+RW+USER+DIRTY+ACCESSED */
#define PGD_IDENT_ATTR	 0x001		/* PRESENT (no other attributes) */
#endif

/*
 * Macro to mark a page protection value as UC-
 */
#define pgprot_noncached(prot)					\
	((boot_cpu_data.x86 > 3)				\
	 ? (__pgprot(pgprot_val(prot) | _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS))	\
	 : (prot))

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

#define pgprot_writecombine	pgprot_writecombine
extern pgprot_t pgprot_writecombine(pgprot_t prot);

/*
 * ZERO_PAGE is a global shared page that is always zero: used
 * for zero-mapped memory areas etc..
 */
extern unsigned long empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(unsigned long)];
#define ZERO_PAGE(vaddr) (virt_to_page(empty_zero_page))

extern spinlock_t pgd_lock;
extern struct list_head pgd_list;

/*
 * The following only work if pte_present() is true.
 * Undefined behaviour if not..
 */
static inline int pte_dirty(pte_t pte)
{
	return pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_DIRTY;
}

static inline int pte_young(pte_t pte)
{
	return pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_ACCESSED;
}

static inline int pte_write(pte_t pte)
{
	return pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_RW;
}

static inline int pte_file(pte_t pte)
{
	return pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_FILE;
}

static inline int pte_huge(pte_t pte)
{
	return pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_PSE;
}

static inline int pte_global(pte_t pte)
{
	return pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_GLOBAL;
}

static inline int pte_exec(pte_t pte)
{
	return !(pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_NX);
}

static inline int pte_special(pte_t pte)
{
	return pte_flags(pte) & _PAGE_SPECIAL;
}

static inline unsigned long pte_pfn(pte_t pte)
{
	return (pte_val(pte) & PTE_PFN_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}

#define pte_page(pte)	pfn_to_page(pte_pfn(pte))

static inline int pmd_large(pmd_t pte)
{
	return (pmd_val(pte) & (_PAGE_PSE | _PAGE_PRESENT)) ==
		(_PAGE_PSE | _PAGE_PRESENT);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkclean(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) & ~_PAGE_DIRTY);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkold(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) & ~_PAGE_ACCESSED);
}

static inline pte_t pte_wrprotect(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) & ~_PAGE_RW);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkexec(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) & ~_PAGE_NX);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkdirty(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) | _PAGE_DIRTY);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkyoung(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) | _PAGE_ACCESSED);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkwrite(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) | _PAGE_RW);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkhuge(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) | _PAGE_PSE);
}

static inline pte_t pte_clrhuge(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) & ~_PAGE_PSE);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkglobal(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) | _PAGE_GLOBAL);
}

static inline pte_t pte_clrglobal(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) & ~_PAGE_GLOBAL);
}

static inline pte_t pte_mkspecial(pte_t pte)
{
	return __pte(pte_val(pte) | _PAGE_SPECIAL);
}

extern pteval_t __supported_pte_mask;

static inline pte_t pfn_pte(unsigned long page_nr, pgprot_t pgprot)
{
	return __pte((((phys_addr_t)page_nr << PAGE_SHIFT) |
		      pgprot_val(pgprot)) & __supported_pte_mask);
}

static inline pmd_t pfn_pmd(unsigned long page_nr, pgprot_t pgprot)
{
	return __pmd((((phys_addr_t)page_nr << PAGE_SHIFT) |
		      pgprot_val(pgprot)) & __supported_pte_mask);
}

static inline pte_t pte_modify(pte_t pte, pgprot_t newprot)
{
	pteval_t val = pte_val(pte);

	/*
	 * Chop off the NX bit (if present), and add the NX portion of
	 * the newprot (if present):
	 */
	val &= _PAGE_CHG_MASK;
	val |= pgprot_val(newprot) & (~_PAGE_CHG_MASK) & __supported_pte_mask;

	return __pte(val);
}

/* mprotect needs to preserve PAT bits when updating vm_page_prot */
#define pgprot_modify pgprot_modify
static inline pgprot_t pgprot_modify(pgprot_t oldprot, pgprot_t newprot)
{
	pgprotval_t preservebits = pgprot_val(oldprot) & _PAGE_CHG_MASK;
	pgprotval_t addbits = pgprot_val(newprot);
	return __pgprot(preservebits | addbits);
}

#define pte_pgprot(x) __pgprot(pte_flags(x) & PTE_FLAGS_MASK)

#define canon_pgprot(p) __pgprot(pgprot_val(p) & __supported_pte_mask)

static inline int is_new_memtype_allowed(unsigned long flags,
						unsigned long new_flags)
{
	/*
	 * Certain new memtypes are not allowed with certain
	 * requested memtype:
	 * - request is uncached, return cannot be write-back
	 * - request is write-combine, return cannot be write-back
	 */
	if ((flags == _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS &&
	     new_flags == _PAGE_CACHE_WB) ||
	    (flags == _PAGE_CACHE_WC &&
	     new_flags == _PAGE_CACHE_WB)) {
		return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
/* Indicate that x86 has its own track and untrack pfn vma functions */
#define __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING

#define __HAVE_PHYS_MEM_ACCESS_PROT
struct file;
pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
                              unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot);
int phys_mem_access_prot_allowed(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
                              unsigned long size, pgprot_t *vma_prot);
#endif

/* Install a pte for a particular vaddr in kernel space. */
void set_pte_vaddr(unsigned long vaddr, pte_t pte);

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
extern void native_pagetable_setup_start(pgd_t *base);
extern void native_pagetable_setup_done(pgd_t *base);
#else
static inline void native_pagetable_setup_start(pgd_t *base) {}
static inline void native_pagetable_setup_done(pgd_t *base) {}
#endif

struct seq_file;
extern void arch_report_meminfo(struct seq_file *m);

#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
#include <asm/paravirt.h>
#else  /* !CONFIG_PARAVIRT */
#define set_pte(ptep, pte)		native_set_pte(ptep, pte)
#define set_pte_at(mm, addr, ptep, pte)	native_set_pte_at(mm, addr, ptep, pte)

#define set_pte_present(mm, addr, ptep, pte)				\
	native_set_pte_present(mm, addr, ptep, pte)
#define set_pte_atomic(ptep, pte)					\
	native_set_pte_atomic(ptep, pte)

#define set_pmd(pmdp, pmd)		native_set_pmd(pmdp, pmd)

#ifndef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
#define set_pgd(pgdp, pgd)		native_set_pgd(pgdp, pgd)
#define pgd_clear(pgd)			native_pgd_clear(pgd)
#endif

#ifndef set_pud
# define set_pud(pudp, pud)		native_set_pud(pudp, pud)
#endif

#ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
#define pud_clear(pud)			native_pud_clear(pud)
#endif

#define pte_clear(mm, addr, ptep)	native_pte_clear(mm, addr, ptep)
#define pmd_clear(pmd)			native_pmd_clear(pmd)

#define pte_update(mm, addr, ptep)              do { } while (0)
#define pte_update_defer(mm, addr, ptep)        do { } while (0)

static inline void __init paravirt_pagetable_setup_start(pgd_t *base)
{
	native_pagetable_setup_start(base);
}

static inline void __init paravirt_pagetable_setup_done(pgd_t *base)
{
	native_pagetable_setup_done(base);
}
#endif	/* CONFIG_PARAVIRT */

#endif	/* __ASSEMBLY__ */

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
# include "pgtable_32.h"
#else
# include "pgtable_64.h"
#endif

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
#include <linux/mm_types.h>

static inline int pte_none(pte_t pte)
{
	return !pte.pte;
}

#define __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SAME
static inline int pte_same(pte_t a, pte_t b)
{
	return a.pte == b.pte;
}

static inline int pte_present(pte_t a)
{
	return pte_flags(a) & (_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_PROTNONE);
}

static inline int pmd_present(pmd_t pmd)
{
	return pmd_val(pmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT;
}

static inline int pmd_none(pmd_t pmd)
{
	/* Only check low word on 32-bit platforms, since it might be
	   out of sync with upper half. */
	return !(unsigned long)native_pmd_val(pmd);
}

static inline unsigned long pmd_page_vaddr(pmd_t pmd)
{
	return (unsigned long)__va(pmd_val(pmd) & PTE_PFN_MASK);
}

static inline struct page *pmd_page(pmd_t pmd)
{
	return pfn_to_page(pmd_val(pmd) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
}

/*
 * the pmd page can be thought of an array like this: pmd_t[PTRS_PER_PMD]
 *
 * this macro returns the index of the entry in the pmd page which would
 * control the given virtual address
 */
static inline unsigned pmd_index(unsigned long address)
{
	return (address >> PMD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PMD - 1);
}

/*
 * Conversion functions: convert a page and protection to a page entry,
 * and a page entry and page directory to the page they refer to.
 *
 * (Currently stuck as a macro because of indirect forward reference
 * to linux/mm.h:page_to_nid())
 */
#define mk_pte(page, pgprot)   pfn_pte(page_to_pfn(page), (pgprot))

/*
 * the pte page can be thought of an array like this: pte_t[PTRS_PER_PTE]
 *
 * this function returns the index of the entry in the pte page which would
 * control the given virtual address
 */
static inline unsigned pte_index(unsigned long address)
{
	return (address >> PAGE_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PTE - 1);
}

#if PAGETABLE_LEVELS > 2
static inline int pud_present(pud_t pud)
{
	return pud_val(pud) & _PAGE_PRESENT;
}

static inline unsigned long pud_page_vaddr(pud_t pud)
{
	return (unsigned long)__va((unsigned long)pud_val(pud) & PTE_PFN_MASK);
}

static inline struct page *pud_page(pud_t pud)
{
	return pfn_to_page(pud_val(pud) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
}

/* Find an entry in the second-level page table.. */
static inline pmd_t *pmd_offset(pud_t *pud, unsigned long address)
{
	return (pmd_t *)pud_page_vaddr(*pud) + pmd_index(address);
}

static inline unsigned long pmd_pfn(pmd_t pmd)
{
	return (pmd_val(pmd) & PTE_PFN_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}
#endif	/* PAGETABLE_LEVELS > 2 */

#if PAGETABLE_LEVELS > 3
static inline int pgd_present(pgd_t pgd)
{
	return pgd_val(pgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT;
}

static inline unsigned long pgd_page_vaddr(pgd_t pgd)
{
	return (unsigned long)__va((unsigned long)pgd_val(pgd) & PTE_PFN_MASK);
}

static inline struct page *pgd_page(pgd_t pgd)
{
	return pfn_to_page(pgd_val(pgd) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
}

/* to find an entry in a page-table-directory. */
static inline unsigned pud_index(unsigned long address)
{
	return (address >> PUD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PUD - 1);
}

static inline pud_t *pud_offset(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
{
	return (pud_t *)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd) + pud_index(address);
}
#endif	/* PAGETABLE_LEVELS > 3 */

#endif	/* __ASSEMBLY__ */

/*
 * the pgd page can be thought of an array like this: pgd_t[PTRS_PER_PGD]
 *
 * this macro returns the index of the entry in the pgd page which would
 * control the given virtual address
 */
#define pgd_index(address) (((address) >> PGDIR_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PGD - 1))

/*
 * pgd_offset() returns a (pgd_t *)
 * pgd_index() is used get the offset into the pgd page's array of pgd_t's;
 */
#define pgd_offset(mm, address) ((mm)->pgd + pgd_index((address)))
/*
 * a shortcut which implies the use of the kernel's pgd, instead
 * of a process's
 */
#define pgd_offset_k(address) pgd_offset(&init_mm, (address))


#define KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY	pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET)
#define KERNEL_PGD_PTRS		(PTRS_PER_PGD - KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY)

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

enum {
	PG_LEVEL_NONE,
	PG_LEVEL_4K,
	PG_LEVEL_2M,
	PG_LEVEL_1G,
	PG_LEVEL_NUM
};

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
extern void update_page_count(int level, unsigned long pages);
#else
static inline void update_page_count(int level, unsigned long pages) { }
#endif

/*
 * Helper function that returns the kernel pagetable entry controlling
 * the virtual address 'address'. NULL means no pagetable entry present.
 * NOTE: the return type is pte_t but if the pmd is PSE then we return it
 * as a pte too.
 */
extern pte_t *lookup_address(unsigned long address, unsigned int *level);

/* local pte updates need not use xchg for locking */
static inline pte_t native_local_ptep_get_and_clear(pte_t *ptep)
{
	pte_t res = *ptep;

	/* Pure native function needs no input for mm, addr */
	native_pte_clear(NULL, 0, ptep);
	return res;
}

static inline void native_set_pte_at(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
				     pte_t *ptep , pte_t pte)
{
	native_set_pte(ptep, pte);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
/*
 * Rules for using pte_update - it must be called after any PTE update which
 * has not been done using the set_pte / clear_pte interfaces.  It is used by
 * shadow mode hypervisors to resynchronize the shadow page tables.  Kernel PTE
 * updates should either be sets, clears, or set_pte_atomic for P->P
 * transitions, which means this hook should only be called for user PTEs.
 * This hook implies a P->P protection or access change has taken place, which
 * requires a subsequent TLB flush.  The notification can optionally be delayed
 * until the TLB flush event by using the pte_update_defer form of the
 * interface, but care must be taken to assure that the flush happens while
 * still holding the same page table lock so that the shadow and primary pages
 * do not become out of sync on SMP.
 */
#define pte_update(mm, addr, ptep)		do { } while (0)
#define pte_update_defer(mm, addr, ptep)	do { } while (0)
#endif

/*
 * We only update the dirty/accessed state if we set
 * the dirty bit by hand in the kernel, since the hardware
 * will do the accessed bit for us, and we don't want to
 * race with other CPU's that might be updating the dirty
 * bit at the same time.
 */
struct vm_area_struct;

#define  __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_SET_ACCESS_FLAGS
extern int ptep_set_access_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
				 unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep,
				 pte_t entry, int dirty);

#define __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_TEST_AND_CLEAR_YOUNG
extern int ptep_test_and_clear_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
				     unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep);

#define __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_CLEAR_YOUNG_FLUSH
extern int ptep_clear_flush_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
				  unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep);

#define __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_GET_AND_CLEAR
static inline pte_t ptep_get_and_clear(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
				       pte_t *ptep)
{
	pte_t pte = native_ptep_get_and_clear(ptep);
	pte_update(mm, addr, ptep);
	return pte;
}

#define __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_GET_AND_CLEAR_FULL
static inline pte_t ptep_get_and_clear_full(struct mm_struct *mm,
					    unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep,
					    int full)
{
	pte_t pte;
	if (full) {
		/*
		 * Full address destruction in progress; paravirt does not
		 * care about updates and native needs no locking
		 */
		pte = native_local_ptep_get_and_clear(ptep);
	} else {
		pte = ptep_get_and_clear(mm, addr, ptep);
	}
	return pte;
}

#define __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_SET_WRPROTECT
static inline void ptep_set_wrprotect(struct mm_struct *mm,
				      unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep)
{
	clear_bit(_PAGE_BIT_RW, (unsigned long *)&ptep->pte);
	pte_update(mm, addr, ptep);
}

/*
 * clone_pgd_range(pgd_t *dst, pgd_t *src, int count);
 *
 *  dst - pointer to pgd range anwhere on a pgd page
 *  src - ""
 *  count - the number of pgds to copy.
 *
 * dst and src can be on the same page, but the range must not overlap,
 * and must not cross a page boundary.
 */
static inline void clone_pgd_range(pgd_t *dst, pgd_t *src, int count)
{
       memcpy(dst, src, count * sizeof(pgd_t));
}


#include <asm-generic/pgtable.h>
#endif	/* __ASSEMBLY__ */

#endif /* _ASM_X86_PGTABLE_H */