License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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/*
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* Written by Pat Gaughen (gone@us.ibm.com) Mar 2002
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*
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*/
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2008-10-23 05:26:29 +00:00
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#ifndef _ASM_X86_MMZONE_32_H
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#define _ASM_X86_MMZONE_32_H
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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#include <asm/smp.h>
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2005-07-08 00:56:39 +00:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
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2005-06-23 07:07:57 +00:00
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extern struct pglist_data *node_data[];
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#define NODE_DATA(nid) (node_data[nid])
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#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
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#ifdef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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/*
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* generic node memory support, the following assumptions apply:
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*
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tree-wide: fix assorted typos all over the place
That is "success", "unknown", "through", "performance", "[re|un]mapping"
, "access", "default", "reasonable", "[con]currently", "temperature"
, "channel", "[un]used", "application", "example","hierarchy", "therefore"
, "[over|under]flow", "contiguous", "threshold", "enough" and others.
Signed-off-by: André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2009-11-14 15:09:05 +00:00
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* 1) memory comes in 64Mb contiguous chunks which are either present or not
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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* 2) we will not have more than 64Gb in total
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*
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* for now assume that 64Gb is max amount of RAM for whole system
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* 64Gb / 4096bytes/page = 16777216 pages
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*/
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#define MAX_NR_PAGES 16777216
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2011-07-12 07:44:22 +00:00
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#define MAX_SECTIONS 1024
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#define PAGES_PER_SECTION (MAX_NR_PAGES/MAX_SECTIONS)
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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extern s8 physnode_map[];
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static inline int pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn)
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{
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#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
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2011-07-12 07:44:22 +00:00
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return((int) physnode_map[(pfn) / PAGES_PER_SECTION]);
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2005-04-16 22:20:36 +00:00
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#else
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return 0;
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#endif
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}
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static inline int pfn_valid(int pfn)
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{
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int nid = pfn_to_nid(pfn);
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if (nid >= 0)
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return (pfn < node_end_pfn(nid));
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return 0;
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}
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2005-06-23 07:07:57 +00:00
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x86-32, NUMA: Fix boot regression caused by NUMA init unification on highmem machines
During 32/64 NUMA init unification, commit 797390d855 ("x86-32,
NUMA: use sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions()") made
32bit mm init call memory_present() automatically from
active_regions instead of leaving it to each NUMA init path.
This commit description is inaccurate - memory_present() calls
aren't the same for flat and numaq. After the commit,
memory_present() is only called for the intersection of e820 and
NUMA layout. Before, on flatmem, memory_present() would be
called from 0 to max_pfn. After, it would be called only on the
areas that e820 indicates to be populated.
This is how x86_64 works and should be okay as memmap is allowed
to contain holes; however, x86_32 DISCONTIGMEM is missing
early_pfn_valid(), which makes memmap_init_zone() assume that
memmap doesn't contain any hole. This leads to the following
oops if e820 map contains holes as it often does on machine with
near or more 4GiB of memory by calling pfn_to_page() on a pfn
which isn't mapped to a NUMA node, a reported by Conny Seidel:
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 000012b0
IP: [<c1aa13ce>] memmap_init_zone+0x6c/0xf2
*pdpt =3D 0000000000000000 *pde =3D f000eef3f000ee00
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
last sysfs file:
Modules linked in:
Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.39-rc5-00164-g797390d #1 To Be Filled By O.E.M. To Be Filled By O.E.M./E350M1
EIP: 0060:[<c1aa13ce>] EFLAGS: 00010012 CPU: 0
EIP is at memmap_init_zone+0x6c/0xf2
EAX: 00000000 EBX: 000a8000 ECX: 000a7fff EDX: f2c00b80
ESI: 000a8000 EDI: f2c00800 EBP: c19ffe54 ESP: c19ffe34
DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0000 SS: 0068
Process swapper (pid: 0, ti=3Dc19fe000 task=3Dc1a07f60 task.ti=3Dc19fe000)
Stack:
00000002 00000000 0023f000 00000000 10000000 00000a00 f2c00000 f2c00b58
c19ffeb0 c1a80f24 000375fe 00000000 f2c00800 00000800 00000100 00000030
c1abb768 0000003c 00000000 00000000 00000004 00207a02 f2c00800 000375fe
Call Trace:
[<c1a80f24>] free_area_init_node+0x358/0x385
[<c1a81384>] free_area_init_nodes+0x420/0x487
[<c1a79326>] paging_init+0x114/0x11b
[<c1a6cb13>] setup_arch+0xb37/0xc0a
[<c1a69554>] start_kernel+0x76/0x316
[<c1a690a8>] i386_start_kernel+0xa8/0xb0
This patch fixes the bug by defining early_pfn_valid() to be the
same as pfn_valid() when DISCONTIGMEM.
Reported-bisected-and-tested-by: Conny Seidel <conny.seidel@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: hans.rosenfeld@amd.com
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Conny Seidel <conny.seidel@amd.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110628094107.GB3386@htj.dyndns.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-06-28 09:41:07 +00:00
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#define early_pfn_valid(pfn) pfn_valid((pfn))
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2005-06-23 07:07:57 +00:00
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#endif /* CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM */
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2008-10-23 05:26:29 +00:00
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#endif /* _ASM_X86_MMZONE_32_H */
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