Merge branch 'GT-3090_NearPointerResolve' into GT-3090_16bit_analysis

This commit is contained in:
caheckman 2019-08-27 14:40:16 -04:00
commit 06de0d46a0
24 changed files with 385 additions and 197 deletions

View File

@ -273,8 +273,7 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
PcodeOp[] pcode = instr.getPcode();
Varnode outVarNode = null;
for (int i = 0; i < pcode.length; i++) {
PcodeOp op = pcode[i];
for (PcodeOp op : pcode) {
Varnode input0 = op.getInput(0);
Varnode input1 = op.getInput(1);
Varnode output = op.getOutput();
@ -317,9 +316,10 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
break;
case PcodeOp.INT_AND: // Assume this is a stack alignment and do the and
if (isStackPointer(input0)) {
if (currentStackDepth != Function.UNKNOWN_STACK_DEPTH_CHANGE)
if (currentStackDepth != Function.UNKNOWN_STACK_DEPTH_CHANGE) {
possibleDepthChange =
(int) (currentStackDepth & input1.getOffset()) - currentStackDepth;
}
outVarNode = output;
}
else if (input0.equals(outVarNode)) {
@ -327,9 +327,10 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
outVarNode = output;
}
else if (isStackPointer(input1)) {
if (currentStackDepth != Function.UNKNOWN_STACK_DEPTH_CHANGE)
if (currentStackDepth != Function.UNKNOWN_STACK_DEPTH_CHANGE) {
possibleDepthChange =
(int) (currentStackDepth & input0.getOffset()) - currentStackDepth;
}
outVarNode = output;
}
else if (input1.equals(outVarNode)) {
@ -385,7 +386,7 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
// TODO: Modify return by normal stack shift....
if (flowType.isTerminal()) {
depthChange -= program.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackShift();
depthChange -= program.getCompilerSpec().getDefaultCallingConvention().getStackshift();
}
// if the current stack depth is still bad, don't return a depth change.
@ -419,8 +420,9 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
* @return
*/
private int getDefaultStackDepthChange(int depth) {
int callStackMod = program.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackMod();
int callStackShift = program.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackShift();
PrototypeModel defaultModel = program.getCompilerSpec().getDefaultCallingConvention();
int callStackMod = defaultModel.getExtrapop();
int callStackShift = defaultModel.getStackshift();
if (callStackMod != PrototypeModel.UNKNOWN_EXTRAPOP && callStackShift >= 0) {
return callStackShift - callStackMod;
}
@ -578,8 +580,8 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
FlowType flow = instr.getFlowType();
if (!flow.isCall()) {
Address[] flows = instr.getFlows();
for (int i = 0; i < flows.length; i++) {
st.push(flows[i]);
for (Address flow2 : flows) {
st.push(flow2);
st.push(new Integer(stackPointerDepth));
st.push(stackOK);
}
@ -653,7 +655,7 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
return;
}
int purge = (short) program.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackMod();
int purge = (short) program.getCompilerSpec().getDefaultCallingConvention().getExtrapop();
final boolean possiblePurge = purge == -1 || purge > 3200 || purge < -3200;
// follow all flows building up context
@ -948,8 +950,8 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
FlowType flow = instr.getFlowType();
if (!flow.isCall()) {
Address[] flows = instr.getFlows();
for (int i = 0; i < flows.length; i++) {
st.push(flows[i]);
for (Address flow2 : flows) {
st.push(flow2);
st.push(new Integer(stackPointerDepth));
st.push(stackOK);
}
@ -1027,11 +1029,11 @@ public class CallDepthChangeInfo {
}
// try to find a call destination that the stack frame is known
for (int i = 0; i < flows.length; i++) {
if (flows[i] == null) {
for (Address flow : flows) {
if (flow == null) {
continue;
}
Function func = program.getListing().getFunctionAt(flows[i]);
Function func = program.getListing().getFunctionAt(flow);
if (func != null) {
int purge = func.getStackPurgeSize();
if (func.isStackPurgeSizeValid() && purge != Function.UNKNOWN_STACK_DEPTH_CHANGE &&

View File

@ -17,15 +17,16 @@ package ghidra.app.cmd.function;
import ghidra.framework.cmd.BackgroundCommand;
import ghidra.framework.model.DomainObject;
import ghidra.program.model.address.AddressSet;
import ghidra.program.model.address.AddressSetView;
import ghidra.program.model.address.*;
import ghidra.program.model.lang.Processor;
import ghidra.program.model.lang.PrototypeModel;
import ghidra.program.model.listing.*;
import ghidra.program.model.mem.MemoryAccessException;
import ghidra.program.model.scalar.Scalar;
import ghidra.program.model.symbol.FlowType;
import ghidra.program.model.symbol.Reference;
import ghidra.program.model.symbol.*;
import ghidra.util.Msg;
import ghidra.util.exception.CancelledException;
import ghidra.util.exception.InvalidInputException;
import ghidra.util.task.TaskMonitor;
/**
@ -34,13 +35,17 @@ import ghidra.util.task.TaskMonitor;
public class FunctionPurgeAnalysisCmd extends BackgroundCommand {
private AddressSetView entryPoints;
private Program program;
private PrototypeModel[] nearFarModels = null;
private static final int STDCALL_FAR = 0;
private static final int CDECL_FAR = 1;
private static final int STDCALL_NEAR = 2;
private static final int CDECL_NEAR = 3;
/**
* Constructs a new command for analyzing the Stack.
* @param entries and address set indicating the entry points of functions that have
* stacks to be analyzed.
* @param forceProcessing flag to force processing of stack references even if the stack
* has already been defined.
*/
public FunctionPurgeAnalysisCmd(AddressSetView entries) {
super("Compute Function Purge", true, true, false);
@ -56,12 +61,16 @@ public class FunctionPurgeAnalysisCmd extends BackgroundCommand {
program = (Program) obj;
Processor processor = program.getLanguage().getProcessor();
if (program.getLanguage().getDefaultSpace().getSize() > 32 ||
AddressSpace defaultSpace = program.getLanguage().getDefaultSpace();
if (defaultSpace.getSize() > 32 ||
!processor.equals(Processor.findOrPossiblyCreateProcessor("x86"))) {
Msg.error(this,
"Unsupported operation for language " + program.getLanguage().getLanguageID());
return false;
}
if (defaultSpace instanceof SegmentedAddressSpace) { // For 16-bit x86, prepare to establish near/fear calling convention models
setupNearFarModels();
}
AddressSetView set = entryPoints;
@ -95,6 +104,52 @@ public class FunctionPurgeAnalysisCmd extends BackgroundCommand {
return true;
}
/**
* For x86 16-bit find the models stdcallnear, stdcallfar, cdeclnear, and cdeclfar so they can
* be applied at the same time function purge is set.
*/
private void setupNearFarModels() {
int countModels = 0;
nearFarModels = new PrototypeModel[4];
nearFarModels[0] = null;
nearFarModels[1] = null;
nearFarModels[2] = null;
nearFarModels[3] = null;
PrototypeModel[] models = program.getCompilerSpec().getCallingConventions();
for (PrototypeModel model : models) {
if (model.isMerged()) {
continue;
}
int pos = -1;
if (model.getStackshift() == 4) {
if (model.getExtrapop() == PrototypeModel.UNKNOWN_EXTRAPOP) {
pos = STDCALL_FAR;
}
else if (model.getExtrapop() == 4) {
pos = CDECL_FAR;
}
}
else if (model.getStackshift() == 2) {
if (model.getExtrapop() == PrototypeModel.UNKNOWN_EXTRAPOP) {
pos = STDCALL_NEAR;
}
else if (model.getExtrapop() == 2) {
pos = CDECL_NEAR;
}
}
if (pos >= 0) {
if (nearFarModels[pos] == null) {
nearFarModels[pos] = model;
countModels += 1;
}
}
}
if (countModels < 4) {
Msg.warn(this,
"FunctionPurgeAnalysis is missing full range of near/far prototype models");
}
}
/**
* Analyze a function to build a stack frame based on stack references.
* @param function function to be analyzed
@ -104,39 +159,120 @@ public class FunctionPurgeAnalysisCmd extends BackgroundCommand {
*/
private void analyzeFunction(Function function, TaskMonitor monitor) throws CancelledException {
int purge = -1;
if (function != null) {
purge = function.getStackPurgeSize();
if (function == null) {
return;
}
int purge = function.getStackPurgeSize();
if (purge == -1 || purge > 128 || purge < -128) {
purge = locatePurgeReturn(program, function, monitor);
// if couldn't find it, don't set it!
if (purge != -1) {
function.setStackPurgeSize(purge);
Instruction purgeInstruction = locatePurgeInstruction(function, monitor);
if (purgeInstruction != null) {
purge = getPurgeValue(purgeInstruction);
// if couldn't find it, don't set it!
if (purge != -1) {
function.setStackPurgeSize(purge);
}
setPrototypeModel(function, purgeInstruction);
}
}
}
private int locatePurgeReturn(Program program, Function func, TaskMonitor monitor) {
AddressSetView body = func.getBody();
private void setPrototypeModel(Function function, Instruction purgeInstruction) {
if (nearFarModels == null) {
return;
}
if (purgeInstruction.getFlowType().isCall()) {
return;
}
if (function.getSignatureSource() != SourceType.DEFAULT) {
return;
}
PrototypeModel model = null;
try {
byte val = purgeInstruction.getBytes()[0];
if (val == (byte) 0xc3) {
model = nearFarModels[CDECL_NEAR];
}
else if (val == (byte) 0xcb) {
model = nearFarModels[CDECL_FAR];
}
else if (val == (byte) 0xc2) {
model = nearFarModels[STDCALL_NEAR];
}
else if (val == (byte) 0xca) {
model = nearFarModels[STDCALL_FAR];
}
}
catch (MemoryAccessException e) {
return;
}
if (model == null) {
return;
}
try {
function.setCallingConvention(model.getName());
}
catch (InvalidInputException e) {
// Ignore if we can't change it
}
}
int returnPurge = findReturnPurge(program, body);
if (returnPurge != -1) {
return returnPurge;
private Instruction locatePurgeInstruction(Function func, TaskMonitor monitor) {
AddressSetView body = func.getBody();
Instruction purgeInstruction;
purgeInstruction = findPurgeInstruction(body);
if (purgeInstruction != null) {
return purgeInstruction;
}
// look harder, maybe something wrong with body, compute with flow.
body = CreateFunctionCmd.getFunctionBody(program, func.getEntryPoint(), monitor);
returnPurge = findReturnPurge(program, body);
return returnPurge;
return findPurgeInstruction(body);
}
private int findReturnPurge(Program program, AddressSetView body) {
int tempPurge;
/**
* Given a terminating instruction, discover the purge value encoded in it
* @param instr is the terminating instruction
* @return the purge value (or -1 if a value can't be found)
*/
private int getPurgeValue(Instruction instr) {
if (instr.getFlowType().isCall()) {
// is an override call-return, terminal/call
// find a reference to a function, and take it's purge
Reference[] referencesFrom = instr.getReferencesFrom();
for (Reference reference : referencesFrom) {
if (reference.getReferenceType().isFlow()) {
Function functionAt =
program.getFunctionManager().getFunctionAt(reference.getToAddress());
// don't take the purge of a non-returning function
if (functionAt != null && !functionAt.hasNoReturn()) {
return functionAt.getStackPurgeSize();
}
}
}
}
else {
int tempPurge = 0;
Scalar scalar = instr.getScalar(0);
if (scalar != null) {
tempPurge = (int) scalar.getSignedValue();
}
return tempPurge;
}
return -1;
}
/**
* Find a terminating instruction in the given set of addresses with a purge encoded in it.
* This routine prefers a RET instruction, but if none is available, it will use a
* terminating CALL.
* @param body is the set of addresses to look through
* @return a terminating instruction or null
*/
private Instruction findPurgeInstruction(AddressSetView body) {
InstructionIterator iter = program.getListing().getInstructions(body, true);
int count = 2048;
Instruction backupPurge = null;
while (iter.hasNext() && count > 0) {
count--;
Instruction instr = iter.next();
@ -144,33 +280,15 @@ public class FunctionPurgeAnalysisCmd extends BackgroundCommand {
FlowType ftype = instr.getFlowType();
if (ftype.isTerminal()) {
if (instr.getMnemonicString().compareToIgnoreCase("ret") == 0) {
tempPurge = 0;
Scalar scalar = instr.getScalar(0);
if (scalar != null) {
tempPurge = (int) scalar.getSignedValue();
return tempPurge;
}
return 0;
return instr;
}
else if (ftype.isCall()) {
// is an override call-return, terminal/call
// find a reference to a function, and take it's purge
Reference[] referencesFrom = instr.getReferencesFrom();
for (Reference reference : referencesFrom) {
if (reference.getReferenceType().isFlow()) {
Function functionAt = program.getFunctionManager().getFunctionAt(
reference.getToAddress());
// don't take the purge of a non-returning function
if (functionAt != null && !functionAt.hasNoReturn()) {
return functionAt.getStackPurgeSize();
}
}
}
backupPurge = instr; // Use as last resort, if we can't find RET
}
}
}
return -1;
return backupPurge;
}
}

View File

@ -169,8 +169,9 @@ public class FunctionResultStateStackAnalysisCmd extends BackgroundCommand {
// Process all the functions identified as needing stack analysis.
// The list will have the lowest level functions analyzed first.
int default_extraPop = program.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackMod();
int default_stackshift = program.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackShift();
PrototypeModel defaultModel = program.getCompilerSpec().getDefaultCallingConvention();
int default_extraPop = defaultModel.getExtrapop();
int default_stackshift = defaultModel.getStackshift();
while (!funcList.isEmpty()) {
monitor.checkCanceled();
@ -256,19 +257,22 @@ public class FunctionResultStateStackAnalysisCmd extends BackgroundCommand {
int storageSpaceID, RefType refType, TaskMonitor monitor1)
throws CancelledException {
if (instrOpIndex < 0)
if (instrOpIndex < 0) {
return;
}
Address fromAddr = op.getSeqnum().getTarget();
Instruction instr = listing.getInstructionAt(fromAddr);
if (instr == null)
if (instr == null) {
return;
}
Address stackAddr = addrFactory.getStackSpace().getAddress(stackOffset);
RefType rt = refType;
Reference ref = refMgr.getReference(fromAddr, stackAddr, instrOpIndex);
if (ref != null) {
RefType existingRefType = ref.getReferenceType();
if (existingRefType == rt)
if (existingRefType == rt) {
return;
}
if (existingRefType == RefType.READ || existingRefType == RefType.WRITE) {
rt = RefType.READ_WRITE;
}

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@ -892,14 +892,14 @@ public abstract class AbstractLibrarySupportLoader extends AbstractProgramLoader
if (expSym.hasNoReturn()) {
extFunc.setNoReturn(true);
}
int stackShift = program.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackShift();
if (stackShift == -1) {
stackShift = 0;
}
// TODO: This should not be done at time of import and should be done
// by a late running analyzer (e.g., stack analyzer) if no signature
// has been established
// int stackShift = program.getCompilerSpec().getDefaultCallingConvention().getStackshift();
// if (stackShift == -1) {
// stackShift = 0;
// }
// TODO: This should not be done at time of import and should be done
// by a late running analyzer (e.g., stack analyzer) if no signature
// has been established
// int numParams = expSym.getPurge() / 4;
// if (numParams > 0) {
// // HACK: assumes specific stack-based x86 convention

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@ -1705,8 +1705,9 @@ public class SymbolicPropogator {
* @return
*/
private int getDefaultStackDepthChange(Program prog, int depth) {
int callStackMod = prog.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackMod();
int callStackShift = prog.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackShift();
PrototypeModel defaultModel = prog.getCompilerSpec().getDefaultCallingConvention();
int callStackMod = defaultModel.getExtrapop();
int callStackShift = defaultModel.getStackshift();
if (callStackMod != PrototypeModel.UNKNOWN_EXTRAPOP) {
return callStackShift;
}

View File

@ -46,14 +46,17 @@ public class ResultsState {
private static final Iterator<ContextState> emptyContextStateIterator =
new Iterator<ContextState>() {
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return false;
}
@Override
public ContextState next() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void remove() {
}
};
@ -168,10 +171,12 @@ public class ResultsState {
stackGrowsNegative = program.getCompilerSpec().stackGrowsNegative();
Long stackOffset = currentPrototype.getStackParameterOffset();
if (stackOffset != null)
if (stackOffset != null) {
paramBaseStackOffset = stackOffset - currentPrototype.getStackshift();
else
}
else {
paramBaseStackOffset = null;
}
todoList.add(new BranchDestination(null, entryPt, entryState));
}
@ -253,9 +258,10 @@ public class ResultsState {
currentState = null;
}
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, ">>> At " + nextSeq.getTarget() + "/" + nextSeq.getTime() +
" " + instr);
}
SequenceNumber lastSeq = flowFrom;
@ -272,9 +278,10 @@ public class ResultsState {
if (existingStates.containsKey(flowFrom)) {
// TODO: We have processed this flow before
// TODO: Should we compare existingState with dest.initialState ?
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Flow ignored - already processed: " +
flowFrom + " -> " + pcodeOp.getSeqnum());
}
instr = null; // signal - abort current flow
break;
}
@ -284,9 +291,10 @@ public class ResultsState {
// Re-use existing state where register values match
addState(flowFrom, otherEntryState);
instr = null; // signal - abort current flow
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Flow combined - similar state: " +
flowFrom + " -> " + pcodeOp.getSeqnum());
}
break;
}
}
@ -385,6 +393,7 @@ public class ResultsState {
private static Comparator<Object> CONTEXT_STATE_SET_SEQUENCE_COMPARATOR =
new Comparator<Object>() {
@Override
public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
ContextStateSet set = (ContextStateSet) o1;
SequenceNumber seq = (SequenceNumber) o2;
@ -468,14 +477,16 @@ public class ResultsState {
private ContextState performInlineCall(Address inlineCallAddress, ContextState currentState,
TaskMonitor monitor) throws CancelledException {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "*** Start Inline Call to " + inlineCallAddress + " ***");
}
ResultsState inlineState =
new ResultsState(new SequenceNumber(inlineCallAddress, 0), null, currentState,
maintainInstructionResults);
inlineState.processFunction(monitor);
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "*** End Inline Call to " + inlineCallAddress + " ***");
}
// TODO: How should multiple return states be handled ??
@ -746,9 +757,10 @@ public class ResultsState {
if (values[1].isConstant() && values[1].getOffset() == 0) {
// TODO: This is a problem, since branch case may never be evaluated!
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Conditional Branch to " + inputs[0].getAddress() +
" - Not taken due to false condition value");
}
break; // Fall-through case - assume that a pre-condition is steering the execution
}
@ -762,16 +774,18 @@ public class ResultsState {
SequenceNumber dest =
new SequenceNumber(seq.getTarget(), seq.getTime() +
(int) inputs[0].getOffset());
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Internal " +
(pcodeOp.getOpcode() == PcodeOp.CBRANCH ? "Conditional " : "") +
"Branch to " + dest);
}
todoList.add(new BranchDestination(pcodeOp.getSeqnum(), dest, currentState));
}
else if (inputs[0].isAddress()) {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, (pcodeOp.getOpcode() == PcodeOp.CBRANCH ? "Conditional "
: "") + "Branch to " + inputs[0].getAddress());
}
handleDirectFlow(pcodeOp, inputs[0].getAddress(), currentState, monitor);
}
else {
@ -786,8 +800,9 @@ public class ResultsState {
AddressSpace space = currentState.getEntryPoint().getTarget().getAddressSpace();
Address destAddr =
space.getAddress(getUnsignedOffset(values[0], space.getPointerSize()));
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Branch to " + destAddr);
}
handleDirectFlow(pcodeOp, destAddr, currentState, monitor);
}
else if (values[0].isAddress()) {
@ -798,32 +813,36 @@ public class ResultsState {
currentState.getEntryPoint().getTarget().getAddressSpace();
Address destAddr =
space.getAddress(getUnsignedOffset(brOffset, space.getPointerSize()));
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Indirect Branch to [" + values[0].getAddress() +
"] -> " + destAddr);
}
handleDirectFlow(pcodeOp, destAddr, currentState, monitor);
}
else {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this,
"Indirect Branch to [" + values[0].toString(program.getLanguage()) +
"]");
}
handleIndirectFlow(pcodeOp, values[0], currentState, monitor);
}
}
else {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this,
"Indirect Branch to [" + values[0].toString(program.getLanguage()) +
"]");
}
handleIndirectFlow(pcodeOp, values[0], currentState, monitor);
}
return false;
case PcodeOp.CALL: // A call with absolute address
if (inputs[0].isAddress()) {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Call to " + inputs[0].getAddress());
}
handleCall(pcodeOp, null, inputs[0].getAddress(), currentState, monitor);
}
else {
@ -839,8 +858,9 @@ public class ResultsState {
AddressSpace space = currentState.getEntryPoint().getTarget().getAddressSpace();
Address destAddr =
space.getAddress(getUnsignedOffset(values[0], space.getPointerSize()));
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Call to " + destAddr);
}
handleCall(pcodeOp, indirectPtr, destAddr, currentState, monitor);
}
else if (values[0].isAddress()) {
@ -852,23 +872,26 @@ public class ResultsState {
currentState.getEntryPoint().getTarget().getAddressSpace();
Address destAddr =
space.getAddress(getUnsignedOffset(callOffset, space.getPointerSize()));
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Indirect Call to [" + values[0].getAddress() +
"] -> " + destAddr);
}
handleCall(pcodeOp, indirectPtr, destAddr, currentState, monitor);
}
else {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this,
"Indirect Call to [" + values[0].toString(program.getLanguage()) +
"]");
}
handleIndirectCall(pcodeOp, indirectPtr, values[0], currentState, monitor);
}
}
else {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this,
"Indirect Call to [" + values[0].toString(program.getLanguage()) + "]");
}
handleIndirectCall(pcodeOp, indirectPtr, values[0], currentState, monitor);
}
return false;
@ -1737,8 +1760,9 @@ public class ResultsState {
BookmarkType.ERROR, "Instruction Expected", "Expected instruction at " + address);
return;
}
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Disassemble at " + address);
}
DisassembleCommand cmd = new DisassembleCommand(address, null, true);
cmd.applyTo(program, monitor);
monitor.checkCanceled();
@ -1772,8 +1796,9 @@ public class ResultsState {
return;
}
if (addRegister(reg, registersModified)) {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "MODIFIED: " + reg + " = " + value);
}
}
else {
Msg.debug(this, "SET: " + output + " = " + value);
@ -2068,10 +2093,11 @@ public class ResultsState {
}
if (func == null) {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Function not found at " + indirectPtr +
" indirectly called from " + pcodeOp.getSeqnum().getTarget() +
" - call affects unknown");
}
return;
}
@ -2104,9 +2130,10 @@ public class ResultsState {
}
if (func == null) {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Function not found at " + destAddr + " called from " +
pcodeOp.getSeqnum().getTarget() + " - call affects unknown");
}
return;
}
@ -2133,10 +2160,11 @@ public class ResultsState {
// Must invalidate return varnode
DataType returnType = null;
if (func == null) {
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this,
"No function at " + destAddr + " called from " + calledFrom.getTarget() +
" - default return/affects assumed");
}
}
else {
returnType = func.getReturnType();
@ -2147,8 +2175,9 @@ public class ResultsState {
VariableStorage retStorage = callingConvention.getReturnLocation(returnType, program);
Varnode varnode = null;
if (retStorage.isValid() && (retStorage.getVarnodeCount()==1))
if (retStorage.isValid() && (retStorage.getVarnodeCount()==1)) {
varnode = retStorage.getFirstVarnode();
}
if (varnode != null) {
// invalidate stored value
currentState.store(varnode, getInvalidatedVarnode(calledFrom, varnode));
@ -2183,9 +2212,10 @@ public class ResultsState {
if (purge == Function.UNKNOWN_STACK_DEPTH_CHANGE ||
purge == Function.INVALID_STACK_DEPTH_CHANGE) {
String name = func != null ? func.getName() : ("at " + destAddr);
if (DEBUG)
if (DEBUG) {
Msg.debug(this, "Stack purge unknown for function " + name + " called from " +
calledFrom.getTarget() + " - stack pointer invalidated");
}
currentState.store(getStackPointerVarnode(),
getInvalidatedVarnode(calledFrom, getStackPointerVarnode()));
return;
@ -2255,8 +2285,9 @@ public class ResultsState {
* @return
*/
private static int getDefaultStackDepthChange(Program depthProgram, int depth) {
int callStackMod = depthProgram.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackMod();
int callStackShift = depthProgram.getCompilerSpec().getCallStackShift();
PrototypeModel defaultModel = depthProgram.getCompilerSpec().getDefaultCallingConvention();
int callStackMod = defaultModel.getExtrapop();
int callStackShift = defaultModel.getStackshift();
if (callStackMod != PrototypeModel.UNKNOWN_EXTRAPOP && callStackShift >= 0) {
return callStackShift - callStackMod;
}

View File

@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ void Architecture::init(DocumentStorage &store)
fillinReadOnlyFromLoader();
}
Address SegmentedResolver::resolve(uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point)
Address SegmentedResolver::resolve(uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point,uintb &fullEncoding)
{
int4 innersz = segop->getInnerSize();
@ -1148,6 +1148,7 @@ Address SegmentedResolver::resolve(uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point)
// (as with near pointers)
if (segop->getResolve().space != (AddrSpace *)0) {
uintb base = glb->context->getTrackedValue(segop->getResolve(),point);
fullEncoding = (base << 8 * innersz) + (val & calc_mask(innersz));
vector<uintb> seginput;
seginput.push_back(val);
seginput.push_back(base);
@ -1156,6 +1157,7 @@ Address SegmentedResolver::resolve(uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point)
}
}
else { // For anything else, consider it a "far" pointer
fullEncoding = val;
int4 outersz = segop->getBaseSize();
uintb base = (val >> 8*innersz) & calc_mask(outersz);
val = val & calc_mask(innersz);

View File

@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ public:
/// \param sp is the segmented space
/// \param sop is the segment operator
SegmentedResolver(Architecture *g,AddrSpace *sp,SegmentOp *sop) { glb=g; spc=sp; segop=sop; }
virtual Address resolve(uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point);
virtual Address resolve(uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point,uintb &fullEncoding);
};
/// The Translate object keeps track of address ranges for which

View File

@ -269,8 +269,14 @@ bool CastStrategyC::isSubpieceCast(Datatype *outtype,Datatype *intype,uint4 offs
(outmeta!=TYPE_PTR)&&
(outmeta!=TYPE_FLOAT))
return false;
if ((inmeta==TYPE_PTR)&&((outmeta!=TYPE_INT) && (outmeta!=TYPE_UINT)))
return false; //other casts don't make sense for pointers
if (inmeta==TYPE_PTR) {
if (outmeta == TYPE_PTR) {
if (outtype->getSize() < intype->getSize())
return true; // Cast from far pointer to near pointer
}
if ((outmeta!=TYPE_INT) && (outmeta!=TYPE_UINT))
return false; //other casts don't make sense for pointers
}
return true;
}

View File

@ -827,14 +827,14 @@ int4 ActionShadowVar::apply(Funcdata &data)
/// \param rampoint will hold the Address of the resolved symbol
/// \param data is the function being analyzed
/// \return the recovered symbol or NULL
SymbolEntry *ActionConstantPtr::isPointer(AddrSpace *spc,Varnode *vn,PcodeOp *op,Address &rampoint,Funcdata &data)
SymbolEntry *ActionConstantPtr::isPointer(AddrSpace *spc,Varnode *vn,PcodeOp *op,Address &rampoint,uintb &fullEncoding,Funcdata &data)
{
bool needexacthit;
Architecture *glb = data.getArch();
Varnode *outvn;
if (vn->getType()->getMetatype() == TYPE_PTR) { // Are we explicitly marked as a pointer
rampoint = glb->resolveConstant(spc,vn->getOffset(),vn->getSize(),op->getAddr());
rampoint = glb->resolveConstant(spc,vn->getOffset(),vn->getSize(),op->getAddr(),fullEncoding);
needexacthit = false;
}
else {
@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ SymbolEntry *ActionConstantPtr::isPointer(AddrSpace *spc,Varnode *vn,PcodeOp *op
// Check if the constant looks like a single bit or mask
if (bit_transitions(vn->getOffset(),vn->getSize()) < 3)
return (SymbolEntry *)0;
rampoint = glb->resolveConstant(spc,vn->getOffset(),vn->getSize(),op->getAddr());
rampoint = glb->resolveConstant(spc,vn->getOffset(),vn->getSize(),op->getAddr(),fullEncoding);
}
if (rampoint.isInvalid()) return (SymbolEntry *)0;
@ -943,10 +943,11 @@ int4 ActionConstantPtr::apply(Funcdata &data)
else if ((opc == CPUI_PTRSUB)||(opc==CPUI_PTRADD))
continue;
Address rampoint;
entry = isPointer(rspc,vn,op,rampoint,data);
uintb fullEncoding;
entry = isPointer(rspc,vn,op,rampoint,fullEncoding,data);
vn->setPtrCheck(); // Set check flag AFTER searching for symbol
if (entry != (SymbolEntry *)0) {
data.spacebaseConstant(op,slot,entry,rampoint,vn->getOffset(),vn->getSize());
data.spacebaseConstant(op,slot,entry,rampoint,fullEncoding,vn->getSize());
if ((opc == CPUI_INT_ADD)&&(slot==1))
data.opSwapInput(op,0,1);
count += 1;

View File

@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ public:
/// \brief Check for constants, with pointer type, that correspond to global symbols
class ActionConstantPtr : public Action {
int4 localcount; ///< Number of passes made for this function
static SymbolEntry *isPointer(AddrSpace *spc,Varnode *vn,PcodeOp *op,Address &rampoint,Funcdata &data);
static SymbolEntry *isPointer(AddrSpace *spc,Varnode *vn,PcodeOp *op,Address &rampoint,uintb &fullEncoding,Funcdata &data);
public:
ActionConstantPtr(const string &g) : Action(0,"constantptr",g) {} ///< Constructor
virtual void reset(Funcdata &data) { localcount = 0; }

View File

@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ void Funcdata::spacebaseConstant(PcodeOp *op,int4 slot,SymbolEntry *entry,const
outvn = outvn2;
opInsertBefore(extraop,op);
}
if (sz != origsize) { // There is a change in size from address -> varnode
if (sz < origsize) { // The new constant is smaller than the original varnode, so we extend it
PcodeOp *zextop = newOp(1,op->getAddr());
Varnode *outvn2 = newUniqueOut(origsize,zextop);
opSetOpcode(zextop,CPUI_INT_ZEXT); // Create an extension to get back to original varnode size
@ -341,6 +341,15 @@ void Funcdata::spacebaseConstant(PcodeOp *op,int4 slot,SymbolEntry *entry,const
opInsertBefore(zextop,op);
outvn = outvn2;
}
else if (origsize < sz) { // The new constant is bigger than the original varnode, truncate it
PcodeOp *subOp = newOp(2,op->getAddr());
Varnode *outvn3 = newUniqueOut(origsize,subOp);
opSetOpcode(subOp,CPUI_SUBPIECE);
opSetInput(subOp,outvn,0);
opSetInput(subOp,newConstant(4, 0), 1); // Take least significant piece
opInsertBefore(subOp,op);
outvn = outvn3;
}
opSetInput(op,outvn,slot);
}

View File

@ -1403,7 +1403,8 @@ bool PrintC::pushPtrCharConstant(uintb val,const TypePointer *ct,const Varnode *
{
if (val==0) return false;
AddrSpace *spc = glb->getDefaultSpace();
Address stringaddr = glb->resolveConstant(spc,val,ct->getSize(),op->getAddr());
uintb fullEncoding;
Address stringaddr = glb->resolveConstant(spc,val,ct->getSize(),op->getAddr(),fullEncoding);
if (stringaddr.isInvalid()) return false;
if (!glb->symboltab->getGlobalScope()->isReadOnly(stringaddr,1,Address()))
return false; // Check that string location is readonly

View File

@ -485,15 +485,27 @@ AddrSpace *AddrSpaceManager::getSpaceByShortcut(char sc) const
return (*iter).second;
}
Address AddrSpaceManager::resolveConstant(AddrSpace *spc,uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point) const
/// \brief Resolve a native constant into an Address
///
/// If there is a special resolver for the AddrSpace, this is invoked, otherwise
/// basic wordsize conversion and wrapping is performed. If the address encoding is
/// partial (as in a \e near pointer) and the full encoding can be recovered, it is passed back.
/// \param spc is the space to generate the address from
/// \param val is the constant encoding of the address
/// \param sz is the size of the constant encoding
/// \param point is the context address (for recovering full encoding info if necessary)
/// \param fullEncoding is used to pass back the recovered full encoding of the pointer
/// \return the formal Address associated with the encoding
Address AddrSpaceManager::resolveConstant(AddrSpace *spc,uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point,uintb &fullEncoding) const
{
int4 ind = spc->getIndex();
if (ind < resolvelist.size()) {
AddressResolver *resolve = resolvelist[ind];
if (resolve != (AddressResolver *)0)
return resolve->resolve(val,sz,point);
return resolve->resolve(val,sz,point,fullEncoding);
}
fullEncoding = val;
val = AddrSpace::addressToByte(val,spc->getWordSize());
val = spc->wrapOffset(val);
return Address(spc,val);

View File

@ -147,8 +147,9 @@ public:
/// \param val is constant to be resolved to an address
/// \param sz is the size of \e val in context.
/// \param point is the address at which this constant is being used
/// \param fullEncoding is used to hold the full pointer encoding if \b val is a partial encoding
/// \return the resolved Address
virtual Address resolve(uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point)=0;
virtual Address resolve(uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point,uintb &fullEncoding)=0;
};
/// \brief A virtual space \e stack space
@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ public:
AddrSpace *getConstantSpace(void) const; ///< Get the constant space
Address getConstant(uintb val) const; ///< Get a constant encoded as an Address
Address createConstFromSpace(AddrSpace *spc) const; ///< Create a constant address encoding an address space
Address resolveConstant(AddrSpace *spc,uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point) const; ///< Resolve native constant to address
Address resolveConstant(AddrSpace *spc,uintb val,int4 sz,const Address &point,uintb &fullEncoding) const;
int4 numSpaces(void) const; ///< Get the number of address spaces for this processor
AddrSpace *getSpace(int4 i) const; ///< Get an address space via its index
AddrSpace *getNextSpaceInOrder(AddrSpace *spc) const; ///< Get the next \e contiguous address space

View File

@ -1124,13 +1124,17 @@ Datatype *TypeSpacebase::getSubType(uintb off,uintb *newoff) const
{
Scope *scope = getMap();
// uintb unoff = (uintb)(intb)off; // Make sure this is a sign-extension
Address addr(spaceid,spaceid->wrapOffset(off));
off = AddrSpace::byteToAddress(off, spaceid->getWordSize()); // Convert from byte offset to address unit
// It should always be the case that given offset represents a full encoding of the
// pointer, so the point of context is unused
Address nullPoint;
uintb fullEncoding;
Address addr = glb->resolveConstant(spaceid, off, spaceid->getAddrSize(), nullPoint, fullEncoding);
SymbolEntry *smallest;
// Assume symbol being referenced is address tied,
// so we use empty usepoint
smallest = scope->queryContainer(addr,1,Address());
smallest = scope->queryContainer(addr,1,nullPoint);
if (smallest == (SymbolEntry *)0) {
*newoff = 0;
@ -1167,7 +1171,8 @@ int4 TypeSpacebase::compareDependency(const Datatype &op) const
Address TypeSpacebase::getAddress(uintb off,int4 sz,const Address &point) const
{
return glb->resolveConstant(spaceid,off,sz,point);
uintb fullEncoding;
return glb->resolveConstant(spaceid,off,sz,point,fullEncoding);
}
void TypeSpacebase::saveXml(ostream &s) const

View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class DecompileCallback {
listing = program.getListing();
addrfactory = program.getAddressFactory();
dtmanage = dt;
default_extrapop = pcodecompilerspec.getCallStackMod();
default_extrapop = pcodecompilerspec.getDefaultCallingConvention().getExtrapop();
cpool = null;
nativeMessage = null;
debug = null;

View File

@ -1393,8 +1393,8 @@ public class SleighLanguage implements Language {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeSignedIntegerAttribute(resBuf, "index", element.getUnique());
int size = element.getSize(); // Size in bits
if (size == 20) {
// TODO: SegmentedAddressSpace shouldn't really return 20
if (element instanceof SegmentedAddressSpace) {
// TODO: SegmentedAddressSpace shouldn't really return 21
size = 32;
}
if (size > 64) {

View File

@ -254,16 +254,6 @@ public class BasicCompilerSpec implements CompilerSpec {
ctxsetting.add(new ContextSetting(reg, value, begad, endad));
}
@Override
public int getCallStackMod() {
return defaultModel.getExtrapop();
}
@Override
public int getCallStackShift() {
return defaultModel.getStackshift();
}
@Override
public PrototypeModel[] getCallingConventions() {
return models;

View File

@ -89,22 +89,6 @@ public interface CompilerSpec {
*/
public AddressSpace getStackBaseSpace();
/**
* Number of extra bytes popped from the stack on return
* -1 if it is unknown.
* @return # of bytes popped from the stack by a called function on return.
*/
public int getCallStackMod();
/**
* Get the normal shift in the stack at the call to this routine.
* This will be the things pushed on the stack as part of the calling
* conventions. Normally the return value.
*
* @return entry stack shift or -1 if it is unknown
*/
public int getCallStackShift();
/**
* Returns true if stack grows with negative offsets
*/

View File

@ -112,16 +112,17 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
// function pointer, in which case forcing the void
// causes the decompiler to drop real parameters.
// At the moment, we turn on varargs if there are no params
if (voidimpliesdotdotdot && voidinputlock)
if (voidimpliesdotdotdot && voidinputlock) {
dotdotdot = true;
}
}
/**
* Populate Function Prototype from information attached to a function in the Program DB.
*
* @param f is the function to grab prototype from
* @param default_extrapop
* @param override_extrapop
* @param default_extrapop is the default extrapop to use if the function's is unknown
* @param override_extrapop is true if the extrapop should be overridden
*/
void grabFromFunction(Function f, int default_extrapop, boolean override_extrapop) {
modelname = f.getCallingConventionName();
@ -134,10 +135,12 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
returnstorage = returnparam.getVariableStorage();
SourceType sigSource = f.getSignatureSource();
if (sigSource != SourceType.DEFAULT)
if (sigSource != SourceType.DEFAULT) {
outputlock = DataType.DEFAULT != returntype;
else
}
else {
outputlock = false;
}
if ((returnstorage == null) || (!returnstorage.isValid())) { // Unassigned or otherwise invalid storage
outputlock = false;
@ -162,7 +165,11 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
extrapop = default_extrapop;
}
else {
extrapop = purge + f.getProgram().getCompilerSpec().getCallStackShift();
PrototypeModel protoModel = f.getCallingConvention();
if (protoModel == null) {
protoModel = f.getProgram().getCompilerSpec().getDefaultCallingConvention();
}
extrapop = purge + protoModel.getStackshift();
}
}
@ -187,8 +194,9 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
* @return the number of defined parameters for this function prototype
*/
public int getNumParams() {
if (localsyms != null)
if (localsyms != null) {
return localsyms.getNumParams();
}
return params.length;
}
@ -198,8 +206,9 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
* if this prototype is not backed by a LocalSymbolMap
*/
public HighParam getParam(int i) {
if (localsyms != null)
if (localsyms != null) {
return localsyms.getParam(i);
}
return null;
}
@ -299,36 +308,50 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
/**
* append an XML string representing this function prototype
* @param res is where the string should be appended
* @param dtmanage is the DataTypeManager for building type reference tags
*/
public void buildPrototypeXML(StringBuilder res, PcodeDataTypeManager dtmanage) {
res.append("<prototype");
if (extrapop == PrototypeModel.UNKNOWN_EXTRAPOP)
if (extrapop == PrototypeModel.UNKNOWN_EXTRAPOP) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeStringAttribute(res, "extrapop", "unknown");
else
}
else {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeSignedIntegerAttribute(res, "extrapop", extrapop);
}
SpecXmlUtils.encodeStringAttribute(res, "model", modelname);
if (modellock)
if (modellock) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "modellock", modellock);
if (dotdotdot)
}
if (dotdotdot) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "dotdotdot", dotdotdot);
if (voidinputlock)
}
if (voidinputlock) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "voidlock", voidinputlock);
if (isinline)
}
if (isinline) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "inline", isinline);
if (noreturn)
}
if (noreturn) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "noreturn", noreturn);
if (custom)
}
if (custom) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "custom", custom);
if (hasThis)
}
if (hasThis) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "hasthis", hasThis);
if (isConstruct)
}
if (isConstruct) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "constructor", isConstruct);
if (isDestruct)
}
if (isDestruct) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "destructor", isDestruct);
}
res.append(">\n");
res.append(" <returnsym");
if (outputlock)
if (outputlock) {
SpecXmlUtils.encodeBooleanAttribute(res, "typelock", outputlock);
}
res.append(">\n ");
int sz = returntype.getLength();
if (sz < 0) {
@ -338,14 +361,16 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
if ((returnstorage != null) && returnstorage.isValid() &&
(!returnstorage.isVoidStorage())) {
int logicalsize = 0; // Assume logicalsize of return matches datatype size
if (sz != returnstorage.size()) // If the sizes do not match
if (sz != returnstorage.size()) { // If the sizes do no match
logicalsize = sz; // force the logical size on the varnode
}
String addrstring = Varnode.buildXMLAddress(returnstorage.getVarnodes(), logicalsize);
res.append(addrstring).append("\n ");
}
else
else {
// Decompiler will use model for storage
res.append("<addr/>\n "); // Don't specify where return type is stored
}
res.append(dtmanage.buildTypeRef(returntype, sz));
res.append(" </returnsym>\n");
@ -370,8 +395,9 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
res.append("\">\n");
res.append(" <addr/>\n "); // Blank address
sz = dt.getLength();
if (sz < 0)
if (sz < 0) {
sz = 1;
}
res.append(dtmanage.buildTypeRef(dt, sz));
res.append("</param>\n");
}
@ -381,21 +407,22 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
}
/**
* Parse the function prototype from an XML tree node.
*
* @param node XML tree node from a parsing of a larger XML document
*
* @throws PcodeXMLException
* Parse the function prototype from <prototype> tag.
* @param parser is the XML document to parse
* @param dtmanage is the DataTypeManager used to parse data-type tags
* @throws PcodeXMLException for any problems parsing
*/
public void readPrototypeXML(XmlPullParser parser, PcodeDataTypeManager dtmanage)
throws PcodeXMLException {
XmlElement node = parser.start("prototype");
modelname = node.getAttribute("model");
String val = node.getAttribute("extrapop");
if (val.equals("unknown"))
if (val.equals("unknown")) {
extrapop = PrototypeModel.UNKNOWN_EXTRAPOP;
else
}
else {
extrapop = SpecXmlUtils.decodeInt(val);
}
modellock = false;
if (node.hasAttribute("modellock")) {
modellock = SpecXmlUtils.decodeBoolean(node.getAttribute("modellock"));
@ -434,16 +461,18 @@ public class FunctionPrototype {
}
XmlElement retel = parser.start("returnsym");
outputlock = false;
if (retel.hasAttribute("typelock"))
if (retel.hasAttribute("typelock")) {
outputlock = SpecXmlUtils.decodeBoolean(retel.getAttribute("typelock"));
}
parser.discardSubTree();
returnstorage = null; // For now don't use decompiler's return storage
returntype = dtmanage.readXMLDataType(parser);
parser.end(retel);
XmlElement peeknode = parser.peek();
if ((peeknode != null) && peeknode.isStart())
if ((peeknode != null) && peeknode.isStart()) {
parser.discardSubTree(); // The decompiler may return an <inject> tag
}
parser.end(node);
}

View File

@ -539,16 +539,6 @@ class TemporaryCompilerSpec implements CompilerSpec {
public void applyContextSettings(DefaultProgramContext ctx) {
}
@Override
public int getCallStackMod() {
return newCompilerSpec.getCallStackMod();
}
@Override
public int getCallStackShift() {
return newCompilerSpec.getCallStackShift();
}
@Override
public PrototypeModel[] getCallingConventions() {
return new PrototypeModel[0];

View File

@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
<register name="DF"/>
</unaffected>
</prototype>
<prototype name="__stdcall16far" extrapop="unknown" stackshift="2">
<prototype name="__stdcall16far" extrapop="unknown" stackshift="4">
<input>
<pentry minsize="1" maxsize="500" align="2">
<addr offset="4" space="stack"/>
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
<register name="DF"/>
</unaffected>
</prototype>
<prototype name="__cdecl16far" extrapop="4" stackshift="2">
<prototype name="__cdecl16far" extrapop="4" stackshift="4">
<input>
<pentry minsize="1" maxsize="500" align="2">
<addr offset="4" space="stack"/>

View File

@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
<data>0x4dcb</data> <!-- DEC(BP) RET() -->
<data>0.011... 1100.011</data> <!-- POP(BP|BX|DS|SI) RET -->
<data>1100.010 .0.....0 0x00</data> <!-- RET(constant) -->
<data>0xc390</data> <!-- RET NOP -->
<data>1100.010 .0.....0 0x00 0x90</data> <!-- RET(constant) NOP -->
<data>0xc390</data> <!-- RET NOP -->
<data>0xcb90</data>
<data>0xc3</data>
</prepatterns>
@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
<data>0x5589e5</data> <!-- PUSH(BP) MOV(BP,SP) -->
<data>0xc8 000....0 0x0000</data> <!-- ENTER (constant, 0x0) -->
<data>0x8cd89045</data> <!-- MOV(AX,DS) NOP INC(BP) -->
<data>0x8cd055</data> <!-- MOV(AX,SS) PUSH(BP) -->
<funcstart/>
</postpatterns>
</patternpairs>