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78dc53c422
Pull security subsystem updates from James Morris:
"In this patchset, we finally get an SELinux update, with Paul Moore
taking over as maintainer of that code.
Also a significant update for the Keys subsystem, as well as
maintenance updates to Smack, IMA, TPM, and Apparmor"
and since I wanted to know more about the updates to key handling,
here's the explanation from David Howells on that:
"Okay. There are a number of separate bits. I'll go over the big bits
and the odd important other bit, most of the smaller bits are just
fixes and cleanups. If you want the small bits accounting for, I can
do that too.
(1) Keyring capacity expansion.
KEYS: Consolidate the concept of an 'index key' for key access
KEYS: Introduce a search context structure
KEYS: Search for auth-key by name rather than target key ID
Add a generic associative array implementation.
KEYS: Expand the capacity of a keyring
Several of the patches are providing an expansion of the capacity of a
keyring. Currently, the maximum size of a keyring payload is one page.
Subtract a small header and then divide up into pointers, that only gives
you ~500 pointers on an x86_64 box. However, since the NFS idmapper uses
a keyring to store ID mapping data, that has proven to be insufficient to
the cause.
Whatever data structure I use to handle the keyring payload, it can only
store pointers to keys, not the keys themselves because several keyrings
may point to a single key. This precludes inserting, say, and rb_node
struct into the key struct for this purpose.
I could make an rbtree of records such that each record has an rb_node
and a key pointer, but that would use four words of space per key stored
in the keyring. It would, however, be able to use much existing code.
I selected instead a non-rebalancing radix-tree type approach as that
could have a better space-used/key-pointer ratio. I could have used the
radix tree implementation that we already have and insert keys into it by
their serial numbers, but that means any sort of search must iterate over
the whole radix tree. Further, its nodes are a bit on the capacious side
for what I want - especially given that key serial numbers are randomly
allocated, thus leaving a lot of empty space in the tree.
So what I have is an associative array that internally is a radix-tree
with 16 pointers per node where the index key is constructed from the key
type pointer and the key description. This means that an exact lookup by
type+description is very fast as this tells us how to navigate directly to
the target key.
I made the data structure general in lib/assoc_array.c as far as it is
concerned, its index key is just a sequence of bits that leads to a
pointer. It's possible that someone else will be able to make use of it
also. FS-Cache might, for example.
(2) Mark keys as 'trusted' and keyrings as 'trusted only'.
KEYS: verify a certificate is signed by a 'trusted' key
KEYS: Make the system 'trusted' keyring viewable by userspace
KEYS: Add a 'trusted' flag and a 'trusted only' flag
KEYS: Separate the kernel signature checking keyring from module signing
These patches allow keys carrying asymmetric public keys to be marked as
being 'trusted' and allow keyrings to be marked as only permitting the
addition or linkage of trusted keys.
Keys loaded from hardware during kernel boot or compiled into the kernel
during build are marked as being trusted automatically. New keys can be
loaded at runtime with add_key(). They are checked against the system
keyring contents and if their signatures can be validated with keys that
are already marked trusted, then they are marked trusted also and can
thus be added into the master keyring.
Patches from Mimi Zohar make this usable with the IMA keyrings also.
(3) Remove the date checks on the key used to validate a module signature.
X.509: Remove certificate date checks
It's not reasonable to reject a signature just because the key that it was
generated with is no longer valid datewise - especially if the kernel
hasn't yet managed to set the system clock when the first module is
loaded - so just remove those checks.
(4) Make it simpler to deal with additional X.509 being loaded into the kernel.
KEYS: Load *.x509 files into kernel keyring
KEYS: Have make canonicalise the paths of the X.509 certs better to deduplicate
The builder of the kernel now just places files with the extension ".x509"
into the kernel source or build trees and they're concatenated by the
kernel build and stuffed into the appropriate section.
(5) Add support for userspace kerberos to use keyrings.
KEYS: Add per-user_namespace registers for persistent per-UID kerberos caches
KEYS: Implement a big key type that can save to tmpfs
Fedora went to, by default, storing kerberos tickets and tokens in tmpfs.
We looked at storing it in keyrings instead as that confers certain
advantages such as tickets being automatically deleted after a certain
amount of time and the ability for the kernel to get at these tokens more
easily.
To make this work, two things were needed:
(a) A way for the tickets to persist beyond the lifetime of all a user's
sessions so that cron-driven processes can still use them.
The problem is that a user's session keyrings are deleted when the
session that spawned them logs out and the user's user keyring is
deleted when the UID is deleted (typically when the last log out
happens), so neither of these places is suitable.
I've added a system keyring into which a 'persistent' keyring is
created for each UID on request. Each time a user requests their
persistent keyring, the expiry time on it is set anew. If the user
doesn't ask for it for, say, three days, the keyring is automatically
expired and garbage collected using the existing gc. All the kerberos
tokens it held are then also gc'd.
(b) A key type that can hold really big tickets (up to 1MB in size).
The problem is that Active Directory can return huge tickets with lots
of auxiliary data attached. We don't, however, want to eat up huge
tracts of unswappable kernel space for this, so if the ticket is
greater than a certain size, we create a swappable shmem file and dump
the contents in there and just live with the fact we then have an
inode and a dentry overhead. If the ticket is smaller than that, we
slap it in a kmalloc()'d buffer"
* 'for-linus2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (121 commits)
KEYS: Fix keyring content gc scanner
KEYS: Fix error handling in big_key instantiation
KEYS: Fix UID check in keyctl_get_persistent()
KEYS: The RSA public key algorithm needs to select MPILIB
ima: define '_ima' as a builtin 'trusted' keyring
ima: extend the measurement list to include the file signature
kernel/system_certificate.S: use real contents instead of macro GLOBAL()
KEYS: fix error return code in big_key_instantiate()
KEYS: Fix keyring quota misaccounting on key replacement and unlink
KEYS: Fix a race between negating a key and reading the error set
KEYS: Make BIG_KEYS boolean
apparmor: remove the "task" arg from may_change_ptraced_domain()
apparmor: remove parent task info from audit logging
apparmor: remove tsk field from the apparmor_audit_struct
apparmor: fix capability to not use the current task, during reporting
Smack: Ptrace access check mode
ima: provide hash algo info in the xattr
ima: enable support for larger default filedata hash algorithms
ima: define kernel parameter 'ima_template=' to change configured default
ima: add Kconfig default measurement list template
...
3541 lines
122 KiB
Plaintext
3541 lines
122 KiB
Plaintext
Kernel Parameters
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
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(mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
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(defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
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case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
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Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
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parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
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modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
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Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
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are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
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'.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
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usbcore.blinkenlights=1
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Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
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log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
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can also be entered as
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log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
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This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
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"modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
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module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
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reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
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parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
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"echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
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The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
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enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
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the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
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parameter is applicable:
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ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
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AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
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ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
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APIC APIC support is enabled.
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APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
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ARM ARM architecture is enabled.
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AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
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AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
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BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
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CLK Common clock infrastructure is enabled.
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CMA Contiguous Memory Area support is enabled.
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DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
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DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
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EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
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EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
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EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
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EVM Extended Verification Module
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FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
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FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
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GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
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HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
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IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
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IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
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IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
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IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
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IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
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ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
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ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
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JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
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KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
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KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
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LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
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LP Printer support is enabled.
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LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
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M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
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These options have more detailed description inside of
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Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
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MDA MDA console support is enabled.
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MIPS MIPS architecture is enabled.
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MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
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MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
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MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
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NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
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NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
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NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
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OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
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PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
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PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
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PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
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PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
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PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
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PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
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PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
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PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
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PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
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PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
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RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
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S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
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SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
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A lot of drivers have their options described inside
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the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.
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SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
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SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
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APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
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SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
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SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
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SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
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SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
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SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
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SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
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TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
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TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
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UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
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USB USB support is enabled.
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USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
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V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
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VMMIO Driver for memory mapped virtio devices is enabled.
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VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
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VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
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WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
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XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
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X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
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X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
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More X86-64 boot options can be found in
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Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
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X86 Either 32-bit or 64-bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
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XEN Xen support is enabled
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In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
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BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
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KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
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BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
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Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
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loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
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Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
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need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
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There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
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See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
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Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
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a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
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be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
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it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
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running once the system is up.
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The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
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complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
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a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
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and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
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./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
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Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel
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parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_
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multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30
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bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
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acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86]
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
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Format: { force | off | strict | noirq | rsdt }
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force -- enable ACPI if default was off
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off -- disable ACPI if default was on
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noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
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strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
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strictly ACPI specification compliant.
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rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
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copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
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See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt, pci=noacpi
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acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC]
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Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used
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on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the
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second kernel for kdump.
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acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
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Format: <int>
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2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
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1,0: use 1st APIC table
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default: 0
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acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
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acpi_backlight=vendor
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acpi_backlight=video
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If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
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(e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
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of the ACPI video.ko driver.
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acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
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acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
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Format: <int>
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CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
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debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
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_COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
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#define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
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Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
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ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
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ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
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The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
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Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
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debug layers and levels.
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Enable processor driver info messages:
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acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
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Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
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acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
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Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
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object while interpreting AML:
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acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
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Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
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acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
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Some values produce so much output that the system is
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unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
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if you need to capture more output.
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acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
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ACPI will balance active IRQs
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default in APIC mode
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acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
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ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
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default in PIC mode
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acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
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Format: <irq>,<irq>...
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acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
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use by PCI
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Format: <irq>,<irq>...
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acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
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acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
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Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
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acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
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acpi_osi="string1" # add string1
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acpi_osi="!string2" # remove string2
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acpi_osi=!* # remove all strings
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acpi_osi=! # disable all built-in OS vendor
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strings
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acpi_osi= # disable all strings
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'acpi_osi=!' can be used in combination with single or
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multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific OS
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vendor string(s). Note that such command can only
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affect the default state of the OS vendor strings, thus
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it cannot affect the default state of the feature group
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strings and the current state of the OS vendor strings,
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specifying it multiple times through kernel command line
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is meaningless. This command is useful when one do not
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care about the state of the feature group strings which
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should be controlled by the OSPM.
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Examples:
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1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is equivalent
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to 'acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', they all
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can make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE.
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'acpi_osi=' cannot be used in combination with other
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'acpi_osi=' command lines, the _OSI method will not
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exist in the ACPI namespace. NOTE that such command can
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only affect the _OSI support state, thus specifying it
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multiple times through kernel command line is also
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meaningless.
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Examples:
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1. 'acpi_osi=' can make 'CondRefOf(_OSI, Local1)'
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FALSE.
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'acpi_osi=!*' can be used in combination with single or
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multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific
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string(s). Note that such command can affect the
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current state of both the OS vendor strings and the
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feature group strings, thus specifying it multiple times
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through kernel command line is meaningful. But it may
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still not able to affect the final state of a string if
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there are quirks related to this string. This command
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is useful when one want to control the state of the
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feature group strings to debug BIOS issues related to
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the OSPM features.
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Examples:
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1. 'acpi_osi="Module Device" acpi_osi=!*' can make
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'_OSI("Module Device")' FALSE.
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2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Module Device"' can make
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'_OSI("Module Device")' TRUE.
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3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is
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equivalent to
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'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"'
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and
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'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!',
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they all will make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE.
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acpi_pm_good [X86]
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Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
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to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
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and always returns good values.
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acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
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Format: { level | edge | high | low }
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acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
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acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
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Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
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For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
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acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
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Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
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old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable }
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See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
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s3_bios and s3_mode.
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s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
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as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
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s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
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used during resume from hibernation.
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old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
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control method, with respect to putting devices into
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low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
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of _PTS is used by default).
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nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
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ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
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sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
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on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
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but some broken systems don't work without it).
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acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
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Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
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that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
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acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
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{ strict | lax | no }
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Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
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and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
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only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
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used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
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can interfere with legacy drivers.
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strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
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is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
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resources will fail to bind to device using them.
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lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
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legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
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will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
|
|
no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
|
|
no further checks are performed.
|
|
|
|
add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
|
|
kernel's map of available physical RAM.
|
|
|
|
agp= [AGP]
|
|
{ off | try_unsupported }
|
|
off: disable AGP support
|
|
try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
|
|
(may crash computer or cause data corruption)
|
|
|
|
ALSA [HW,ALSA]
|
|
See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt
|
|
|
|
alignment= [KNL,ARM]
|
|
Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
|
|
behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
|
|
bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
|
|
|
|
align_va_addr= [X86-64]
|
|
Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when
|
|
allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option
|
|
gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h
|
|
machines (where it is enabled by default) for a
|
|
CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in
|
|
a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler.
|
|
|
|
32: only for 32-bit processes
|
|
64: only for 64-bit processes
|
|
on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
|
|
off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
|
|
|
|
alloc_snapshot [FTRACE]
|
|
Allocate the ftrace snapshot buffer on boot up when the
|
|
main buffer is allocated. This is handy if debugging
|
|
and you need to use tracing_snapshot() on boot up, and
|
|
do not want to use tracing_snapshot_alloc() as it needs
|
|
to be done where GFP_KERNEL allocations are allowed.
|
|
|
|
amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64]
|
|
Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
|
|
Possible values are:
|
|
fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
|
|
they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
|
|
flushed before they will be reused, which
|
|
is a lot of faster
|
|
off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
|
|
the system
|
|
force_isolation - Force device isolation for all
|
|
devices. The IOMMU driver is not
|
|
allowed anymore to lift isolation
|
|
requirements as needed. This option
|
|
does not override iommu=pt
|
|
|
|
amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64]
|
|
Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table
|
|
for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU
|
|
driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during
|
|
IOMMU initialization.
|
|
|
|
amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
|
|
Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
|
|
Format: <a>,<b>
|
|
See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt
|
|
|
|
analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
|
|
Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
|
|
connected to one of 16 gameports
|
|
Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
|
|
|
|
apc= [HW,SPARC]
|
|
Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
|
|
Format: noidle
|
|
Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
|
|
not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
|
|
APC and your system crashes randomly.
|
|
|
|
apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
|
|
Change the output verbosity whilst booting
|
|
Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
|
|
Change the amount of debugging information output
|
|
when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
|
|
|
|
autoconf= [IPV6]
|
|
See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
|
|
|
|
show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
|
|
Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
|
|
number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
|
|
to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
|
|
Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
|
|
The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
|
|
apic=verbose is specified.
|
|
Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
|
|
|
|
apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
|
|
See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
|
|
|
|
arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
|
|
Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
|
|
|
|
ataflop= [HW,M68k]
|
|
|
|
atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
|
|
|
|
atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
|
|
EzKey and similar keyboards
|
|
|
|
atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
|
|
|
|
atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
|
|
Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
|
|
|
|
atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
|
|
keyboards
|
|
|
|
atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
|
|
Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
|
|
|
|
atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
|
|
Use software keyboard repeat
|
|
|
|
baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
|
|
Format: <io>,<mode>
|
|
|
|
baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
|
|
Format: <io>,<mode>
|
|
See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
|
|
|
|
baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
|
|
BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
|
|
Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
|
|
See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
|
|
|
|
baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
|
|
BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
|
|
Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
|
|
See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
|
|
|
|
blkdevparts= Manual partition parsing of block device(s) for
|
|
embedded devices based on command line input.
|
|
See Documentation/block/cmdline-partition.txt
|
|
|
|
boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
|
|
Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
|
|
no delay (0).
|
|
Format: integer
|
|
|
|
bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
|
|
|
|
bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
|
|
bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
|
|
kernel args too.
|
|
bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
|
|
bttv.tuner=
|
|
|
|
bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
|
|
firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries
|
|
at a time.
|
|
|
|
c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
|
|
|
|
cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
|
|
Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
|
|
size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
|
|
to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
|
|
possible to determine what the correct size should be.
|
|
This option provides an override for these situations.
|
|
|
|
ccw_timeout_log [S390]
|
|
See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
|
|
|
|
cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
|
|
Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
|
|
{Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
|
|
|
|
checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
|
|
Format: { "0" | "1" }
|
|
See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
|
|
0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
|
|
any implied execute protection).
|
|
1 -- check protection requested by application.
|
|
Default value is set via a kernel config option.
|
|
Value can be changed at runtime via
|
|
/selinux/checkreqprot.
|
|
|
|
cio_ignore= [S390]
|
|
See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
|
|
clk_ignore_unused
|
|
[CLK]
|
|
Keep all clocks already enabled by bootloader on,
|
|
even if no driver has claimed them. This is useful
|
|
for debug and development, but should not be
|
|
needed on a platform with proper driver support.
|
|
For more information, see Documentation/clk.txt.
|
|
|
|
clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
|
|
[Deprecated]
|
|
Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
|
|
when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
|
|
clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
|
|
Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
|
|
|
|
clocksource= Override the default clocksource
|
|
Format: <string>
|
|
Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
|
|
with the name specified.
|
|
Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
|
|
the platform:
|
|
[all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
|
|
[ACPI] acpi_pm
|
|
[ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
|
|
pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
|
|
[AVR32] avr32
|
|
[X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
|
|
scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
|
|
[MIPS] MIPS
|
|
[PARISC] cr16
|
|
[S390] tod
|
|
[SH] SuperH
|
|
[SPARC64] tick
|
|
[X86-64] hpet,tsc
|
|
|
|
clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
|
|
Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
|
|
arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
|
|
numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
|
|
stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
|
|
ones should be.
|
|
Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
|
|
or using the feature without checking anything
|
|
will still see it. This just prevents it from
|
|
being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
|
|
Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
|
|
some critical bits.
|
|
|
|
cma=nn[MG] [ARM,KNL]
|
|
Sets the size of kernel global memory area for contiguous
|
|
memory allocations. For more information, see
|
|
include/linux/dma-contiguous.h
|
|
|
|
cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
|
|
Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
|
|
when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
|
|
to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
|
|
a hypervisor.
|
|
Default: yes
|
|
|
|
coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL]
|
|
Sets the size of memory pool for coherent, atomic dma
|
|
allocations, by default set to 256K.
|
|
|
|
code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
|
|
in an oops report.
|
|
Range: 0 - 8192
|
|
Default: 64
|
|
|
|
com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
|
|
Format:
|
|
<io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
|
|
|
|
com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
|
|
Format: <io>[,<irq>]
|
|
|
|
com90xx= [HW,NET]
|
|
ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
|
|
Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
|
|
|
|
condev= [HW,S390] console device
|
|
conmode=
|
|
|
|
console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
|
|
|
|
tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
|
|
|
|
ttyS<n>[,options]
|
|
ttyUSB0[,options]
|
|
Use the specified serial port. The options are of
|
|
the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
|
|
"p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
|
|
bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
|
|
omit it). Default is "9600n8".
|
|
|
|
See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
|
|
information. See
|
|
Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
|
|
alternative.
|
|
|
|
uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
|
|
uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
|
|
Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
|
|
UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
|
|
switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
|
|
options are the same as for ttyS, above.
|
|
hvc<n> Use the hypervisor console device <n>. This is for
|
|
both Xen and PowerPC hypervisors.
|
|
|
|
If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
|
|
device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
|
|
console=brl,ttyS0
|
|
For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
|
|
|
|
consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
|
|
seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
|
|
disables the blank timer.
|
|
|
|
coredump_filter=
|
|
[KNL] Change the default value for
|
|
/proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
|
|
See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
|
|
|
|
cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE]
|
|
disable the cpuidle sub-system
|
|
|
|
cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
|
|
Format:
|
|
<first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
|
|
|
|
crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]]
|
|
[KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel'
|
|
upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical
|
|
memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel
|
|
image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset
|
|
is selected automatically. Check
|
|
Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details.
|
|
|
|
crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
|
|
[KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
|
|
in the running system. The syntax of range is
|
|
start-[end] where start and end are both
|
|
a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
|
|
Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example.
|
|
|
|
crashkernel=size[KMG],high
|
|
[KNL, x86_64] range could be above 4G. Allow kernel
|
|
to allocate physical memory region from top, so could
|
|
be above 4G if system have more than 4G ram installed.
|
|
Otherwise memory region will be allocated below 4G, if
|
|
available.
|
|
It will be ignored if crashkernel=X is specified.
|
|
crashkernel=size[KMG],low
|
|
[KNL, x86_64] range under 4G. When crashkernel=X,high
|
|
is passed, kernel could allocate physical memory region
|
|
above 4G, that cause second kernel crash on system
|
|
that require some amount of low memory, e.g. swiotlb
|
|
requires at least 64M+32K low memory. Kernel would
|
|
try to allocate 72M below 4G automatically.
|
|
This one let user to specify own low range under 4G
|
|
for second kernel instead.
|
|
0: to disable low allocation.
|
|
It will be ignored when crashkernel=X,high is not used
|
|
or memory reserved is below 4G.
|
|
|
|
cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET]
|
|
Format: <dma>
|
|
|
|
cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
|
|
Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
|
|
|
|
dasd= [HW,NET]
|
|
See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
|
|
|
|
db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
|
|
(one device per port)
|
|
Format: <port#>,<type>
|
|
See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
|
|
|
|
ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
|
|
time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for
|
|
details. Deprecated, see dyndbg.
|
|
|
|
debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
|
|
|
|
debug_locks_verbose=
|
|
[KNL] verbose self-tests
|
|
Format=<0|1>
|
|
Print debugging info while doing the locking API
|
|
self-tests.
|
|
We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
|
|
1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
|
|
only useful to kernel developers.
|
|
|
|
debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
|
|
|
|
no_debug_objects
|
|
[KNL] Disable object debugging
|
|
|
|
debug_guardpage_minorder=
|
|
[KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
|
|
parameter allows control of the order of pages that will
|
|
be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the
|
|
buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability
|
|
of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the
|
|
amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum
|
|
possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter
|
|
to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random
|
|
memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or
|
|
driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a
|
|
random memory location. Note that there exists a class
|
|
of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or
|
|
F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when
|
|
memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is
|
|
bypassed) which are not detectable by
|
|
CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help
|
|
tracking down these problems.
|
|
|
|
debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
|
|
|
|
decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
|
|
Format: <area>[,<node>]
|
|
See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
|
|
|
|
default_hugepagesz=
|
|
[same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
|
|
HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
|
|
the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
|
|
default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
|
|
Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
|
|
if not specified.
|
|
|
|
dhash_entries= [KNL]
|
|
Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
|
|
|
|
digi= [HW,SERIAL]
|
|
IO parameters + enable/disable command.
|
|
|
|
digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
|
|
See drivers/char/README.epca and
|
|
Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
|
|
|
|
disable= [IPV6]
|
|
See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
|
|
|
|
disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES]
|
|
Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if
|
|
to workaround buggy firmware.
|
|
|
|
disable_ipv6= [IPV6]
|
|
See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
|
|
|
|
disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
|
|
The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
|
|
to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
|
|
entry later. This parameter disables that.
|
|
|
|
disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
|
|
By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
|
|
memory out of your available memory pool based on
|
|
MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
|
|
possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
|
|
|
|
disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
|
|
Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
|
|
Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
|
|
|
|
dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
|
|
this option disables the debugging code at boot.
|
|
|
|
dma_debug_entries=<number>
|
|
This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
|
|
entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
|
|
required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
|
|
DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
|
|
architectural default is too low.
|
|
|
|
dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
|
|
With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
|
|
filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
|
|
pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
|
|
The filter can be disabled or changed to another
|
|
driver later using sysfs.
|
|
|
|
drm_kms_helper.edid_firmware=[<connector>:]<file>
|
|
Broken monitors, graphic adapters and KVMs may
|
|
send no or incorrect EDID data sets. This parameter
|
|
allows to specify an EDID data set in the
|
|
/lib/firmware directory that is used instead.
|
|
Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of
|
|
edid/1024x768.bin, edid/1280x1024.bin,
|
|
edid/1680x1050.bin, or edid/1920x1080.bin is given
|
|
and no file with the same name exists. Details and
|
|
instructions how to build your own EDID data are
|
|
available in Documentation/EDID/HOWTO.txt. An EDID
|
|
data set will only be used for a particular connector,
|
|
if its name and a colon are prepended to the EDID
|
|
name.
|
|
|
|
dscc4.setup= [NET]
|
|
|
|
dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG]
|
|
module.dyndbg[="val"]
|
|
Enable debug messages at boot time. See
|
|
Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for details.
|
|
|
|
earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
|
|
uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
|
|
uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
|
|
uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
|
|
Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
|
|
UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
|
|
MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
|
|
(mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32).
|
|
The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
|
|
|
|
earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN,ARM]
|
|
earlyprintk=vga
|
|
earlyprintk=efi
|
|
earlyprintk=xen
|
|
earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
|
|
earlyprintk=serial[,0x...[,baudrate]]
|
|
earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
|
|
earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
|
|
|
|
earlyprintk is useful when the kernel crashes before
|
|
the normal console is initialized. It is not enabled by
|
|
default because it has some cosmetic problems.
|
|
|
|
Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
|
|
takes over.
|
|
|
|
Only one of vga, efi, serial, or usb debug port can
|
|
be used at a time.
|
|
|
|
Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 may be specified by
|
|
name. Other I/O ports may be explicitly specified
|
|
on some architectures (x86 and arm at least) by
|
|
replacing ttySn with an I/O port address, like this:
|
|
earlyprintk=serial,0x1008,115200
|
|
You can find the port for a given device in
|
|
/proc/tty/driver/serial:
|
|
2: uart:ST16650V2 port:00001008 irq:18 ...
|
|
|
|
Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
|
|
very good.
|
|
|
|
The VGA and EFI output is eventually overwritten by
|
|
the real console.
|
|
|
|
The xen output can only be used by Xen PV guests.
|
|
|
|
ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
|
|
ekgdboc=kbd
|
|
|
|
This is designed to be used in conjunction with
|
|
the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
|
|
|
|
edd= [EDD]
|
|
Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
|
|
|
|
efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI; X86]
|
|
Using this parameter you can use more than 50% of
|
|
your efi variable storage. Use this parameter only if
|
|
you are really sure that your UEFI does sane gc and
|
|
fulfills the spec otherwise your board may brick.
|
|
|
|
eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
|
|
See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
|
|
|
|
elanfreq= [X86-32]
|
|
See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
|
|
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
|
|
|
|
elevator= [IOSCHED]
|
|
Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
|
|
See Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt and
|
|
Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
|
|
|
|
elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [IA64,PPC,SH,X86,S390]
|
|
Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
|
|
image elf header and optionally the size. Generally
|
|
kexec loader will pass this option to capture kernel.
|
|
See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
|
|
|
|
enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
|
|
The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
|
|
to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
|
|
entry later. This parameter enables that.
|
|
|
|
enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
|
|
Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
|
|
Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
|
|
(in particular on some ATI chipsets).
|
|
The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
|
|
|
|
enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
|
|
Format: {"0" | "1"}
|
|
See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
|
|
0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
|
|
1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
|
|
Default value is 0.
|
|
Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
|
|
|
|
erst_disable [ACPI]
|
|
Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
|
|
support.
|
|
|
|
ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
|
|
This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
|
|
has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
|
|
|
|
evm= [EVM]
|
|
Format: { "fix" }
|
|
Permit 'security.evm' to be updated regardless of
|
|
current integrity status.
|
|
|
|
failslab=
|
|
fail_page_alloc=
|
|
fail_make_request=[KNL]
|
|
General fault injection mechanism.
|
|
Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
|
|
See also Documentation/fault-injection/.
|
|
|
|
floppy= [HW]
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
|
|
|
|
force_pal_cache_flush
|
|
[IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
|
|
buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
|
|
parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
|
|
ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
|
|
|
|
ftrace=[tracer]
|
|
[FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
|
|
as early as possible in order to facilitate early
|
|
boot debugging.
|
|
|
|
ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
|
|
[FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
|
|
If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
|
|
buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
|
|
dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
|
|
oops.
|
|
|
|
ftrace_filter=[function-list]
|
|
[FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
|
|
tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
|
|
list of functions. This list can be changed at run
|
|
time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
|
|
tracing directory.
|
|
|
|
ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
|
|
[FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
|
|
function-list. This list can be changed at run time
|
|
by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
|
|
tracing directory.
|
|
|
|
ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
|
|
[FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
|
|
by the function graph tracer at boot up.
|
|
function-list is a comma separated list of functions
|
|
that can be changed at run time by the
|
|
set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
|
|
|
|
gamecon.map[2|3]=
|
|
[HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
|
|
support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
|
|
Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
|
|
See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
|
|
|
|
gamma= [HW,DRM]
|
|
|
|
gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
|
|
Format: off | on
|
|
default: on
|
|
|
|
gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
|
|
kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
|
|
debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
|
|
When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
|
|
debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
|
|
|
|
gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
|
|
invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
|
|
|
|
grcan.enable0= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 0. Determines
|
|
the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
|
|
Format: 0 | 1
|
|
Default: 0
|
|
grcan.enable1= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 1. Determines
|
|
the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
|
|
Format: 0 | 1
|
|
Default: 0
|
|
grcan.select= [HW] Select which physical interface to use.
|
|
Format: 0 | 1
|
|
Default: 0
|
|
grcan.txsize= [HW] Sets the size of the tx buffer.
|
|
Format: <unsigned int> such that (txsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0.
|
|
Default: 1024
|
|
grcan.rxsize= [HW] Sets the size of the rx buffer.
|
|
Format: <unsigned int> such that (rxsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0.
|
|
Default: 1024
|
|
|
|
hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
|
|
are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
|
|
for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise.
|
|
Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
|
|
|
|
hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
|
|
|
|
hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
|
|
Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
|
|
|
|
hest_disable [ACPI]
|
|
Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
|
|
corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
|
|
logic will be disabled.
|
|
|
|
highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
|
|
size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
|
|
highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
|
|
size on bigger boxes.
|
|
|
|
highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
|
|
Valid parameters: "on", "off"
|
|
Default: "on"
|
|
|
|
hisax= [HW,ISDN]
|
|
See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
|
|
|
|
hlt [BUGS=ARM,SH]
|
|
|
|
hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
|
|
Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
|
|
verbose }
|
|
disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
|
|
force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
|
|
VIA, nVidia)
|
|
verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
|
|
|
|
hpet_mmap= [X86, HPET_MMAP] Allow userspace to mmap HPET
|
|
registers. Default set by CONFIG_HPET_MMAP_DEFAULT.
|
|
|
|
hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
|
|
hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
|
|
On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
|
|
multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
|
|
huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
|
|
x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
|
|
(when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
|
|
Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
|
|
using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
|
|
|
|
hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
|
|
terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
|
|
hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
|
|
If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
|
|
from listed z/VM user IDs only.
|
|
|
|
hwthread_map= [METAG] Comma-separated list of Linux cpu id to
|
|
hardware thread id mappings.
|
|
Format: <cpu>:<hwthread>
|
|
|
|
keep_bootcon [KNL]
|
|
Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only
|
|
useful for debugging when something happens in the window
|
|
between unregistering the boot console and initializing
|
|
the real console.
|
|
|
|
i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
|
|
or register an additional I2C bus that is not
|
|
registered from board initialization code.
|
|
Format:
|
|
<bus_id>,<clkrate>
|
|
|
|
i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
|
|
i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
|
|
i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
|
|
keyboard and cannot control its state
|
|
(Don't attempt to blink the leds)
|
|
i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
|
|
i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
|
|
i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
|
|
for the AUX port
|
|
i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
|
|
controller
|
|
i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
|
|
controllers
|
|
i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by controller
|
|
i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
|
|
i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
|
|
|
|
i810= [HW,DRM]
|
|
|
|
i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
|
|
indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
|
|
hardware.
|
|
i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
|
|
does not match list of supported models.
|
|
i8k.power_status
|
|
[HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
|
|
(disabled by default)
|
|
i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
|
|
capability is set.
|
|
|
|
i915.invert_brightness=
|
|
[DRM] Invert the sense of the variable that is used to
|
|
set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a
|
|
brightness value of 0 indicates backlight switched off,
|
|
and the maximum of the brightness value sets the backlight
|
|
to maximum brightness. If this parameter is set to 0
|
|
(default) and the machine requires it, or this parameter
|
|
is set to 1, a brightness value of 0 sets the backlight
|
|
to maximum brightness, and the maximum of the brightness
|
|
value switches the backlight off.
|
|
-1 -- never invert brightness
|
|
0 -- machine default
|
|
1 -- force brightness inversion
|
|
|
|
icn= [HW,ISDN]
|
|
Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
|
|
|
|
ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
|
|
Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
|
|
.vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
|
|
.cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
|
|
See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
|
|
|
|
ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
|
|
Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
|
|
|
|
idle= [X86]
|
|
Format: idle=poll, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
|
|
Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
|
|
improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
|
|
will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
|
|
Not recommended.
|
|
idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
|
|
In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
|
|
idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
|
|
|
|
ignore_loglevel [KNL]
|
|
Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
|
|
kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
|
|
We also add it as printk module parameter, so users
|
|
could change it dynamically, usually by
|
|
/sys/module/printk/parameters/ignore_loglevel.
|
|
|
|
ihash_entries= [KNL]
|
|
Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
|
|
|
|
ima_appraise= [IMA] appraise integrity measurements
|
|
Format: { "off" | "enforce" | "fix" }
|
|
default: "enforce"
|
|
|
|
ima_appraise_tcb [IMA]
|
|
The builtin appraise policy appraises all files
|
|
owned by uid=0.
|
|
|
|
ima_hash= [IMA]
|
|
Format: { md5 | sha1 | rmd160 | sha256 | sha384
|
|
| sha512 | ... }
|
|
default: "sha1"
|
|
|
|
The list of supported hash algorithms is defined
|
|
in crypto/hash_info.h.
|
|
|
|
ima_tcb [IMA]
|
|
Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
|
|
Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
|
|
programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
|
|
opened for read by uid=0.
|
|
|
|
ima_template= [IMA]
|
|
Select one of defined IMA measurements template formats.
|
|
Formats: { "ima" | "ima-ng" }
|
|
Default: "ima-ng"
|
|
|
|
init= [KNL]
|
|
Format: <full_path>
|
|
Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
|
|
process.
|
|
|
|
initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
|
|
for working out where the kernel is dying during
|
|
startup.
|
|
|
|
initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
|
|
|
|
inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
|
|
Format: <irq>
|
|
|
|
int_pln_enable [x86] Enable power limit notification interrupt
|
|
|
|
integrity_audit=[IMA]
|
|
Format: { "0" | "1" }
|
|
0 -- basic integrity auditing messages. (Default)
|
|
1 -- additional integrity auditing messages.
|
|
|
|
intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
|
|
on
|
|
Enable intel iommu driver.
|
|
off
|
|
Disable intel iommu driver.
|
|
igfx_off [Default Off]
|
|
By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
|
|
device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
|
|
bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
|
|
this case, gfx device will use physical address for
|
|
DMA.
|
|
forcedac [x86_64]
|
|
With this option iommu will not optimize to look
|
|
for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual
|
|
address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
|
|
than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look
|
|
for translation below 32-bit and if not available
|
|
then look in the higher range.
|
|
strict [Default Off]
|
|
With this option on every unmap_single operation will
|
|
result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
|
|
to batching them for performance.
|
|
sp_off [Default Off]
|
|
By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU
|
|
has the capability. With this option, super page will
|
|
not be supported.
|
|
|
|
intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI,X86]
|
|
0 disables intel_idle and fall back on acpi_idle.
|
|
1 to 6 specify maximum depth of C-state.
|
|
|
|
intel_pstate= [X86]
|
|
disable
|
|
Do not enable intel_pstate as the default
|
|
scaling driver for the supported processors
|
|
|
|
intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
|
|
on enable Interrupt Remapping (default)
|
|
off disable Interrupt Remapping
|
|
nosid disable Source ID checking
|
|
no_x2apic_optout
|
|
BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored
|
|
|
|
iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
|
|
strict regions from userspace.
|
|
relaxed
|
|
|
|
iommu= [x86]
|
|
off
|
|
force
|
|
noforce
|
|
biomerge
|
|
panic
|
|
nopanic
|
|
merge
|
|
nomerge
|
|
forcesac
|
|
soft
|
|
pt [x86, IA-64]
|
|
|
|
|
|
io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
|
|
See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
|
|
arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
|
|
|
|
io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
|
|
0x80
|
|
Standard port 0x80 based delay
|
|
0xed
|
|
Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
|
|
udelay
|
|
Simple two microseconds delay
|
|
none
|
|
No delay
|
|
|
|
ip= [IP_PNP]
|
|
See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
|
|
|
|
ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
|
|
See comment before ip2_setup() in
|
|
drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
|
|
|
|
irqfixup [HW]
|
|
When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
|
|
for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
|
|
firmware running.
|
|
|
|
irqpoll [HW]
|
|
When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
|
|
for it. Also check all handlers each timer
|
|
interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
|
|
firmware running.
|
|
|
|
isapnp= [ISAPNP]
|
|
Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
|
|
|
|
isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
|
|
Format:
|
|
<cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
|
|
or
|
|
<cpu number>-<cpu number>
|
|
(must be a positive range in ascending order)
|
|
or a mixture
|
|
<cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
|
|
|
|
This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
|
|
to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
|
|
algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
|
|
"isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
|
|
<cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
|
|
"number of CPUs in system - 1".
|
|
|
|
This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
|
|
alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
|
|
tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
|
|
suboptimal load balancer performance.
|
|
|
|
iucv= [HW,NET]
|
|
|
|
ivrs_ioapic [HW,X86_64]
|
|
Provide an override to the IOAPIC-ID<->DEVICE-ID
|
|
mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
|
|
example, to map IOAPIC-ID decimal 10 to
|
|
PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as:
|
|
ivrs_ioapic[10]=00:14.0
|
|
|
|
ivrs_hpet [HW,X86_64]
|
|
Provide an override to the HPET-ID<->DEVICE-ID
|
|
mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
|
|
example, to map HPET-ID decimal 0 to
|
|
PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as:
|
|
ivrs_hpet[0]=00:14.0
|
|
|
|
js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
|
|
See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
|
|
|
|
keepinitrd [HW,ARM]
|
|
|
|
kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
|
|
specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
|
|
for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
|
|
spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
|
|
remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
|
|
pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
|
|
kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
|
|
take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
|
|
of Movable pages. The Movable zone is used for the
|
|
allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
|
|
by the page migration subsystem. This means that
|
|
HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
|
|
Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
|
|
use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
|
|
zone if it does not.
|
|
|
|
kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
|
|
Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
|
|
The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
|
|
port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
|
|
optional and is the number seconds in between
|
|
each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
|
|
the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
|
|
gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
|
|
not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
|
|
the kernel debugger.
|
|
|
|
kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
|
|
Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
|
|
or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
|
|
Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
|
|
keyboard only format: kbd
|
|
keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
|
|
Optional Kernel mode setting:
|
|
kms, kbd format: kms,kbd
|
|
kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud]
|
|
|
|
kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
|
|
kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
|
|
|
|
kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
|
|
Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
|
|
Ethernet adapter MAC address.
|
|
|
|
kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
|
|
Valid arguments: on, off
|
|
Default: on
|
|
|
|
kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
|
|
in oops dumps.
|
|
|
|
kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
|
|
Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
|
|
|
|
kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit
|
|
KVM MMU at runtime.
|
|
Default is 0 (off)
|
|
|
|
kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
|
|
Default is 1 (enabled)
|
|
|
|
kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
|
|
for all guests.
|
|
Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode.
|
|
|
|
kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
|
|
(virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
|
|
Default is 1 (enabled)
|
|
|
|
kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
|
|
[KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
|
|
Default is 0 (disabled)
|
|
|
|
kvm-intel.flexpriority=
|
|
[KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
|
|
Default is 1 (enabled)
|
|
|
|
kvm-intel.nested=
|
|
[KVM,Intel] Enable VMX nesting (nVMX).
|
|
Default is 0 (disabled)
|
|
|
|
kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
|
|
[KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
|
|
(virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
|
|
Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
|
|
|
|
kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
|
|
feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
|
|
Default is 1 (enabled)
|
|
|
|
l2cr= [PPC]
|
|
|
|
l3cr= [PPC]
|
|
|
|
lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
|
|
disabled it.
|
|
|
|
lapic= [x86,APIC] "notscdeadline" Do not use TSC deadline
|
|
value for LAPIC timer one-shot implementation. Default
|
|
back to the programmable timer unit in the LAPIC.
|
|
|
|
lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
|
|
in C2 power state.
|
|
|
|
libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
|
|
libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
|
|
libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
|
|
libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
|
|
libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
|
|
Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
|
|
for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
|
|
|
|
libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
|
|
libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
|
|
libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
|
|
|
|
libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
|
|
when set.
|
|
Format: <int>
|
|
|
|
libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
|
|
separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
|
|
PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
|
|
matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
|
|
the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
|
|
the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
|
|
values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
|
|
configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
|
|
|
|
If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
|
|
the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
|
|
number of 0 either selects the first device or the
|
|
first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
|
|
select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
|
|
host link and device attached to it.
|
|
|
|
The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
|
|
as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
|
|
For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
|
|
The following configurations can be forced.
|
|
|
|
* Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
|
|
Any ID with matching PORT is used.
|
|
|
|
* SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
|
|
|
|
* Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
|
|
udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
|
|
allowed.
|
|
|
|
* [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
|
|
|
|
* nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
|
|
and both resets.
|
|
|
|
* rstonce: only attempt one reset during
|
|
hot-unplug link recovery
|
|
|
|
* dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
|
|
|
|
* atapi_dmadir: Enable ATAPI DMADIR bridge support
|
|
|
|
If there are multiple matching configurations changing
|
|
the same attribute, the last one is used.
|
|
|
|
memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
|
|
|
|
load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
|
|
|
|
lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
|
|
Format: <integer>
|
|
|
|
lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
|
|
Format: <integer>
|
|
|
|
lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
|
|
Format: <integer>
|
|
|
|
lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
|
|
Format: <integer>
|
|
|
|
logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
|
|
Format: <irq>
|
|
|
|
loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
|
|
console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
|
|
also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
|
|
loglevels are defined as follows:
|
|
|
|
0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
|
|
1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
|
|
2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
|
|
3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
|
|
4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
|
|
5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
|
|
6 (KERN_INFO) informational
|
|
7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
|
|
|
|
log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
|
|
in bytes. n must be a power of two. The default
|
|
size is set in the kernel config file.
|
|
|
|
logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
|
|
This may be used to provide more screen space for
|
|
kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
|
|
kernel boot problems.
|
|
|
|
lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
|
|
lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
|
|
lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
|
|
lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
|
|
specified in addition to the ports) causes
|
|
attached printers to be reset. Using
|
|
lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
|
|
to associate lp devices with, starting with
|
|
lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
|
|
that lp device, or a parport name such as
|
|
'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
|
|
port specification list means that device IDs
|
|
from each port should be examined, to see if
|
|
an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
|
|
so, the driver will manage that printer.
|
|
See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
|
|
|
|
lpj=n [KNL]
|
|
Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
|
|
time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
|
|
CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
|
|
the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
|
|
autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
|
|
on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
|
|
which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
|
|
significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
|
|
will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
|
|
unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
|
|
unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
|
|
hardware.
|
|
|
|
ltpc= [NET]
|
|
Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
|
|
|
|
machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
|
|
(machvec) in a generic kernel.
|
|
Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
|
|
|
|
machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
|
|
yeeloong laptop.
|
|
Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
|
|
|
|
max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
|
|
than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
|
|
|
|
maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
|
|
should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
|
|
kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
|
|
it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
|
|
the IO APIC.
|
|
|
|
max_loop= [LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get
|
|
(loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default
|
|
number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead
|
|
of statically allocating a predefined number, loop
|
|
devices can be requested on-demand with the
|
|
/dev/loop-control interface.
|
|
|
|
mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
|
|
|
|
mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
|
|
|
|
md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
|
|
See Documentation/md.txt.
|
|
|
|
mdacon= [MDA]
|
|
Format: <first>,<last>
|
|
Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
|
|
|
|
mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
|
|
Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
|
|
to see the whole system memory or for test.
|
|
[X86] Work as limiting max address. Use together
|
|
with memmap= to avoid physical address space collisions.
|
|
Without memmap= PCI devices could be placed at addresses
|
|
belonging to unused RAM.
|
|
|
|
mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
|
|
memory.
|
|
|
|
memchunk=nn[KMG]
|
|
[KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
|
|
per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
|
|
|
|
memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
|
|
E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
|
|
Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
|
|
BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
|
|
option description.
|
|
|
|
memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
|
|
[KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
|
|
Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
|
|
|
|
memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
|
|
[KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
|
|
Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
|
|
|
|
memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
|
|
[KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
|
|
Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
|
|
Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
|
|
memmap=64K$0x18690000
|
|
or
|
|
memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
|
|
|
|
memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
|
|
Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
|
|
memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
|
|
Setting this option will scan the memory
|
|
looking for corruption. Enabling this will
|
|
both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
|
|
from using the memory being corrupted.
|
|
However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
|
|
repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
|
|
affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
|
|
to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
|
|
|
|
memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
|
|
By default it checks for corruption in the low
|
|
64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
|
|
use. Use this parameter to scan for
|
|
corruption in more or less memory.
|
|
|
|
memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
|
|
By default it checks for corruption every 60
|
|
seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
|
|
other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
|
|
|
|
memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
|
|
Format: <integer>
|
|
default : 0 <disable>
|
|
Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
|
|
performed. Each pass selects another test
|
|
pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
|
|
fills the memory with this pattern, validates
|
|
memory contents and reserves bad memory
|
|
regions that are detected.
|
|
|
|
meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
|
|
See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
|
|
|
|
mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
|
|
Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
|
|
platforms.
|
|
|
|
mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
|
|
the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
|
|
version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
|
|
problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
|
|
|
|
mga= [HW,DRM]
|
|
|
|
min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
|
|
physical address is ignored.
|
|
|
|
mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
|
|
Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
|
|
Default: "0tb"
|
|
MINI2440 configuration specification:
|
|
0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
|
|
1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
|
|
2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
|
|
Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
|
|
the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
|
|
unconfigured.
|
|
b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
|
|
linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
|
|
LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
|
|
VGA shield.
|
|
c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
|
|
t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
|
|
touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
|
|
kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
|
|
in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
|
|
http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
|
|
|
|
mminit_loglevel=
|
|
[KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
|
|
parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
|
|
the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
|
|
of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
|
|
log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
|
|
so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
|
|
|
|
module.sig_enforce
|
|
[KNL] When CONFIG_MODULE_SIG is set, this means that
|
|
modules without (valid) signatures will fail to load.
|
|
Note that if CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE is set, that
|
|
is always true, so this option does nothing.
|
|
|
|
mousedev.tap_time=
|
|
[MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
|
|
leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
|
|
a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
|
|
touchpads working in absolute mode only).
|
|
Format: <msecs>
|
|
mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
|
|
reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
|
|
mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
|
|
reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
|
|
|
|
movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
|
|
is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
|
|
amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
|
|
If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
|
|
then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
|
|
value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
|
|
is specified, the administrator must be careful
|
|
that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
|
|
is not too small.
|
|
|
|
movable_node [KNL,X86] Boot-time switch to enable the effects
|
|
of CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE=y. See mm/Kconfig for details.
|
|
|
|
MTD_Partition= [MTD]
|
|
Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
|
|
|
|
MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
|
|
<name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
|
|
|
|
mtdparts= [MTD]
|
|
See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
|
|
|
|
multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
|
|
firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries
|
|
at a time.
|
|
|
|
onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
|
|
|
|
Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
|
|
|
|
boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
|
|
The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
|
|
lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
|
|
Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
|
|
1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
|
|
|
|
mtdset= [ARM]
|
|
ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
|
|
|
|
See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
|
|
|
|
mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
|
|
[HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
|
|
('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
|
|
|
|
mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
|
|
used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
|
|
that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
|
|
|
|
mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
|
|
Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
|
|
Default is 1.
|
|
Large value could prevent small alignment from
|
|
using up MTRRs.
|
|
|
|
mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
|
|
Format: <integer>
|
|
Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
|
|
Default : 1
|
|
Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
|
|
Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
|
|
|
|
n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
|
|
|
|
netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
|
|
Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
|
|
Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
|
|
something different and driver-specific.
|
|
This usage is only documented in each driver source
|
|
file if at all.
|
|
|
|
nf_conntrack.acct=
|
|
[NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
|
|
0 to disable accounting
|
|
1 to enable accounting
|
|
Default value is 0.
|
|
|
|
nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead.
|
|
See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
|
|
|
|
nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
|
|
See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
|
|
|
|
nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages.
|
|
See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
|
|
|
|
nfs.callback_tcpport=
|
|
[NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
|
|
channel should listen.
|
|
|
|
nfs.cache_getent=
|
|
[NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
|
|
to update the NFS client cache entries.
|
|
|
|
nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
|
|
[NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
|
|
update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
|
|
|
|
nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
|
|
[NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
|
|
entries.
|
|
|
|
nfs.enable_ino64=
|
|
[NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
|
|
If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
|
|
number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
|
|
of returning the full 64-bit number.
|
|
The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
|
|
|
|
nfs.max_session_slots=
|
|
[NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session slots
|
|
the client will attempt to negotiate with the server.
|
|
This limits the number of simultaneous RPC requests
|
|
that the client can send to the NFSv4.1 server.
|
|
Note that there is little point in setting this
|
|
value higher than the max_tcp_slot_table_limit.
|
|
|
|
nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
|
|
[NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', this option
|
|
ensures that both the RPC level authentication
|
|
scheme and the NFS level operations agree to use
|
|
numeric uids/gids if the mount is using the
|
|
'sec=sys' security flavour. In effect it is
|
|
disabling idmapping, which can make migration from
|
|
legacy NFSv2/v3 systems to NFSv4 easier.
|
|
Servers that do not support this mode of operation
|
|
will be autodetected by the client, and it will fall
|
|
back to using the idmapper.
|
|
To turn off this behaviour, set the value to '0'.
|
|
nfs.nfs4_unique_id=
|
|
[NFS4] Specify an additional fixed unique ident-
|
|
ification string that NFSv4 clients can insert into
|
|
their nfs_client_id4 string. This is typically a
|
|
UUID that is generated at system install time.
|
|
|
|
nfs.send_implementation_id =
|
|
[NFSv4.1] Send client implementation identification
|
|
information in exchange_id requests.
|
|
If zero, no implementation identification information
|
|
will be sent.
|
|
The default is to send the implementation identification
|
|
information.
|
|
|
|
nfs.recover_lost_locks =
|
|
[NFSv4] Attempt to recover locks that were lost due
|
|
to a lease timeout on the server. Please note that
|
|
doing this risks data corruption, since there are
|
|
no guarantees that the file will remain unchanged
|
|
after the locks are lost.
|
|
If you want to enable the kernel legacy behaviour of
|
|
attempting to recover these locks, then set this
|
|
parameter to '1'.
|
|
The default parameter value of '0' causes the kernel
|
|
not to attempt recovery of lost locks.
|
|
|
|
nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
|
|
[NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', the NFSv4
|
|
server will return only numeric uids and gids to
|
|
clients using auth_sys, and will accept numeric uids
|
|
and gids from such clients. This is intended to ease
|
|
migration from NFSv2/v3.
|
|
|
|
objlayoutdriver.osd_login_prog=
|
|
[NFS] [OBJLAYOUT] sets the pathname to the program which
|
|
is used to automatically discover and login into new
|
|
osd-targets. Please see:
|
|
Documentation/filesystems/pnfs.txt for more explanations
|
|
|
|
nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
|
|
when a NMI is triggered.
|
|
Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
|
|
|
|
nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
|
|
Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num]
|
|
Valid num: 0
|
|
0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
|
|
When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
|
|
timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to override the opposite
|
|
default).
|
|
This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
|
|
need the box quickly up again.
|
|
|
|
netpoll.carrier_timeout=
|
|
[NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
|
|
netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
|
|
waits 4 seconds.
|
|
|
|
no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
|
|
emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
|
|
is present.
|
|
|
|
no_console_suspend
|
|
[HW] Never suspend the console
|
|
Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
|
|
hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
|
|
messages can reach various consoles while the rest
|
|
of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
|
|
debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
|
|
not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
|
|
to work with serial and VGA consoles.
|
|
To facilitate more flexible debugging, we also add
|
|
console_suspend, a printk module parameter to control
|
|
it. Users could use console_suspend (usually
|
|
/sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend) to
|
|
turn on/off it dynamically.
|
|
|
|
noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
|
|
caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
|
|
but will impact performance.
|
|
|
|
noalign [KNL,ARM]
|
|
|
|
noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
|
|
IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
|
|
|
|
noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation.
|
|
|
|
nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
|
|
on "Classic" PPC cores.
|
|
|
|
nocache [ARM]
|
|
|
|
noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
|
|
|
|
nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
|
|
|
|
nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
|
|
|
|
nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
|
|
|
|
noefi [X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
|
|
|
|
noexec [IA-64]
|
|
|
|
noexec [X86]
|
|
On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
|
|
noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
|
|
noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
|
|
|
|
nosmap [X86]
|
|
Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention)
|
|
even if it is supported by processor.
|
|
|
|
nosmep [X86]
|
|
Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention)
|
|
even if it is supported by processor.
|
|
|
|
noexec32 [X86-64]
|
|
This affects only 32-bit executables.
|
|
noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
|
|
read doesn't imply executable mappings
|
|
noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
|
|
read implies executable mappings
|
|
|
|
nofpu [SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
|
|
|
|
nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
|
|
register save and restore. The kernel will only save
|
|
legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
|
|
|
|
noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
|
|
and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
|
|
enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
|
|
|
|
eagerfpu= [X86]
|
|
on enable eager fpu restore
|
|
off disable eager fpu restore
|
|
auto selects the default scheme, which automatically
|
|
enables eagerfpu restore for xsaveopt.
|
|
|
|
nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
|
|
wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
|
|
use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
|
|
|
|
no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
|
|
only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
|
|
is to be setuid root or executed by root.
|
|
|
|
nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
|
|
function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
|
|
power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
|
|
interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
|
|
in certain environments such as networked servers or
|
|
real-time systems.
|
|
|
|
nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
|
|
Valid arguments: on, off
|
|
Default: on
|
|
|
|
nohz_full= [KNL,BOOT]
|
|
In kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y, set
|
|
the specified list of CPUs whose tick will be stopped
|
|
whenever possible. The boot CPU will be forced outside
|
|
the range to maintain the timekeeping.
|
|
The CPUs in this range must also be included in the
|
|
rcu_nocbs= set.
|
|
|
|
noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
|
|
|
|
noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
|
|
disable unhandled interrupt sources.
|
|
|
|
no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
|
|
broken timer IRQ sources.
|
|
|
|
noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
|
|
|
|
noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
|
|
initial RAM disk.
|
|
|
|
nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
|
|
remapping.
|
|
[Deprecated - use intremap=off]
|
|
|
|
nointroute [IA-64]
|
|
|
|
nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
|
|
|
|
no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
|
|
|
|
no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
|
|
fault handling.
|
|
|
|
no-steal-acc [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting.
|
|
steal time is computed, but won't influence scheduler
|
|
behaviour
|
|
|
|
nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
|
|
|
|
nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
|
|
|
|
noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
|
|
lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
|
|
|
|
nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
|
|
|
|
nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
|
|
|
|
nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
|
|
Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
|
|
|
|
nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to
|
|
shutdown the other cpus. Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR
|
|
irq.
|
|
|
|
nomodule Disable module load
|
|
|
|
nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
|
|
pagetables) support.
|
|
|
|
norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
|
|
echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
|
|
|
|
noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
|
|
|
|
noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
|
|
with UP alternatives
|
|
|
|
nordrand [X86] Disable the direct use of the RDRAND
|
|
instruction even if it is supported by the
|
|
processor. RDRAND is still available to user
|
|
space applications.
|
|
|
|
noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
|
|
space.
|
|
|
|
no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
|
|
This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
|
|
reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
|
|
|
|
nosbagart [IA-64]
|
|
|
|
nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
|
|
|
|
nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
|
|
and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
|
|
|
|
nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
|
|
|
|
nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
|
|
|
|
notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
|
|
|
|
nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
|
|
|
|
nowatchdog [KNL] Disable the lockup detector (NMI watchdog).
|
|
|
|
nowb [ARM]
|
|
|
|
nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
|
|
|
|
cpu0_hotplug [X86] Turn on CPU0 hotplug feature when
|
|
CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HOTPLUG_CPU0 is off.
|
|
Some features depend on CPU0. Known dependencies are:
|
|
1. Resume from suspend/hibernate depends on CPU0.
|
|
Suspend/hibernate will fail if CPU0 is offline and you
|
|
need to online CPU0 before suspend/hibernate.
|
|
2. PIC interrupts also depend on CPU0. CPU0 can't be
|
|
removed if a PIC interrupt is detected.
|
|
It's said poweroff/reboot may depend on CPU0 on some
|
|
machines although I haven't seen such issues so far
|
|
after CPU0 is offline on a few tested machines.
|
|
If the dependencies are under your control, you can
|
|
turn on cpu0_hotplug.
|
|
|
|
nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
|
|
purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
|
|
SAL PALO.
|
|
|
|
nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
|
|
could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
|
|
supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
|
|
use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
|
|
just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
|
|
|
|
nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
|
|
|
|
numa_balancing= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable automatic NUMA balancing.
|
|
Allowed values are enable and disable
|
|
|
|
numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
|
|
one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
|
|
This can be set from sysctl after boot.
|
|
See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
|
|
|
|
ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
|
|
See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
|
|
info.
|
|
|
|
olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
|
|
Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
|
|
command is not properly ACKed, override the length
|
|
of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
|
|
waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
|
|
interrupts *may* be lost!
|
|
|
|
omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
|
|
Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
|
|
For example, to override I2C bus2:
|
|
omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
|
|
|
|
oprofile.timer= [HW]
|
|
Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
|
|
|
|
oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
|
|
This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
|
|
userland or if you want common events.
|
|
Format: { arch_perfmon }
|
|
arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
|
|
perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
|
|
CPU specific event set.
|
|
timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI
|
|
timer mode (see also oprofile.timer
|
|
for generic hr timer mode)
|
|
[s390] Force legacy basic mode sampling
|
|
(report cpu_type "timer")
|
|
|
|
oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
|
|
process, but there is a small probability of
|
|
deadlocking the machine.
|
|
This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
|
|
Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
|
|
|
|
OSS [HW,OSS]
|
|
See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
|
|
|
|
panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
|
|
timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting
|
|
timeout = 0: wait forever
|
|
timeout < 0: reboot immediately
|
|
Format: <timeout>
|
|
|
|
parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
|
|
connected to, default is 0.
|
|
Format: <parport#>
|
|
parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
|
|
0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
|
|
Format: <mode>
|
|
|
|
parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
|
|
Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
|
|
Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
|
|
IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
|
|
ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
|
|
possible conflicts). You can specify the base
|
|
address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
|
|
should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
|
|
settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
|
|
(to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
|
|
Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
|
|
are specified on the command line, starting
|
|
with parport0.
|
|
|
|
parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
|
|
Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
|
|
a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
|
|
computer where firmware has no options for setting
|
|
up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
|
|
Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
|
|
Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
|
|
|
|
pause_on_oops=
|
|
Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
|
|
the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
|
|
your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
|
|
|
|
pcbit= [HW,ISDN]
|
|
|
|
pcd. [PARIDE]
|
|
See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
|
|
See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
|
|
|
|
pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
|
|
earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
|
|
changes anything
|
|
off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
|
|
bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
|
|
the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
|
|
has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
|
|
nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
|
|
hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
|
|
if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
|
|
suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
|
|
conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
|
|
Mechanism 1.
|
|
conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
|
|
Mechanism 2.
|
|
noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
|
|
enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
|
|
disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
|
|
nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
|
|
root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
|
|
nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
|
|
Configuration
|
|
check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
|
|
properly configured MMIO access to PCI
|
|
config space on AMD family 10h CPU
|
|
nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
|
|
enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
|
|
disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
|
|
noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
|
|
Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
|
|
should never be necessary.
|
|
ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
|
|
primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
|
|
boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
|
|
when the system masks IRQs.
|
|
noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
|
|
boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
|
|
a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
|
|
The opposite of ioapicreroute.
|
|
biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
|
|
routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
|
|
on several machines and they hang the machine
|
|
when used, but on other computers it's the only
|
|
way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
|
|
this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
|
|
IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
|
|
motherboard.
|
|
rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
|
|
Use with caution as certain devices share
|
|
address decoders between ROMs and other
|
|
resources.
|
|
norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
|
|
expansion ROMs that do not already have
|
|
BIOS assigned address ranges.
|
|
nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
|
|
BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
|
|
irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
|
|
assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
|
|
make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
|
|
this way.
|
|
pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
|
|
of the PIRQ table (normally generated
|
|
by the BIOS) if it is outside the
|
|
F0000h-100000h range.
|
|
lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
|
|
useful if the kernel is unable to find your
|
|
secondary buses and you want to tell it
|
|
explicitly which ones they are.
|
|
assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
|
|
numbers ourselves, overriding
|
|
whatever the firmware may have done.
|
|
usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
|
|
in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
|
|
some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
|
|
some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
|
|
notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
|
|
IRQ routing is enabled.
|
|
noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
|
|
or for PCI scanning.
|
|
use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
|
|
from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
|
|
is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
|
|
please report a bug.
|
|
nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
|
|
If you need to use this, please report a bug.
|
|
routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
|
|
This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
|
|
so this option is a temporary workaround
|
|
for broken drivers that don't call it.
|
|
skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
|
|
handle more pci cards
|
|
firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
|
|
just use the configuration from the
|
|
bootloader. This is currently used on
|
|
IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
|
|
configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
|
|
noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
|
|
This might help on some broken boards which
|
|
machine check when some devices' config space
|
|
is read. But various workarounds are disabled
|
|
and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
|
|
bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
|
|
This sorting is done to get a device
|
|
order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
|
|
nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
|
|
pcie_bus_tune_off Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size)
|
|
tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults.
|
|
pcie_bus_safe Set every device's MPS to the largest value
|
|
supported by all devices below the root complex.
|
|
pcie_bus_perf Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS
|
|
based on its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max
|
|
Read Request Size) to the largest supported
|
|
value (no larger than the MPS that the device
|
|
or bus can support) for best performance.
|
|
pcie_bus_peer2peer Set every device's MPS to 128B, which
|
|
every device is guaranteed to support. This
|
|
configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between
|
|
any pair of devices, possibly at the cost of
|
|
reduced performance. This also guarantees
|
|
that hot-added devices will work.
|
|
cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
|
|
reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
|
|
The default value is 256 bytes.
|
|
cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
|
|
reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
|
|
window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
|
|
resource_alignment=
|
|
Format:
|
|
[<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
|
|
Specifies alignment and device to reassign
|
|
aligned memory resources.
|
|
If <order of align> is not specified,
|
|
PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
|
|
PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
|
|
windows need to be expanded.
|
|
ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
|
|
end-to-end CRC checking).
|
|
bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
|
|
the default.
|
|
off: Turn ECRC off
|
|
on: Turn ECRC on.
|
|
hpiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
|
|
reserved for hotplug bridge's IO window.
|
|
Default size is 256 bytes.
|
|
hpmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
|
|
reserved for hotplug bridge's memory window.
|
|
Default size is 2 megabytes.
|
|
realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources
|
|
if allocations done by BIOS are too small to
|
|
accommodate resources required by all child
|
|
devices.
|
|
off: Turn realloc off
|
|
on: Turn realloc on
|
|
realloc same as realloc=on
|
|
noari do not use PCIe ARI.
|
|
pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we
|
|
only look for one device below a PCIe downstream
|
|
port.
|
|
|
|
pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
|
|
Management.
|
|
off Disable ASPM.
|
|
force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
|
|
WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
|
|
|
|
pcie_hp= [PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options:
|
|
nomsi Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this
|
|
makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services).
|
|
|
|
pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
|
|
auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
|
|
associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use
|
|
them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
|
|
native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
|
|
unconditionally.
|
|
compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
|
|
ports driver.
|
|
|
|
pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
|
|
nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
|
|
all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
|
|
|
|
pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
|
|
|
|
pd. [PARIDE]
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
|
|
|
|
pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
|
|
boot time.
|
|
Format: { 0 | 1 }
|
|
See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
|
|
|
|
percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
|
|
Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
|
|
Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
|
|
See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
|
|
allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
|
|
and performance comparison.
|
|
|
|
pf. [PARIDE]
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
|
|
|
|
pg. [PARIDE]
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
|
|
|
|
pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
|
|
See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
|
|
|
|
plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
|
|
Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
|
|
See also Documentation/parport.txt.
|
|
|
|
pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
|
|
Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
|
|
e.g. pmtmr=0x508
|
|
|
|
pnp.debug=1 [PNP]
|
|
Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the
|
|
CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time
|
|
via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show
|
|
current resource usage; turning this on also shows
|
|
possible settings and some assignment information.
|
|
|
|
pnpacpi= [ACPI]
|
|
{ off }
|
|
|
|
pnpbios= [ISAPNP]
|
|
{ on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
|
|
|
|
pnp_reserve_irq=
|
|
[ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
|
|
|
|
pnp_reserve_dma=
|
|
[ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
|
|
|
|
pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
|
|
Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
|
|
|
|
pnp_reserve_mem=
|
|
[ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
|
|
autoconfiguration.
|
|
Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
|
|
|
|
ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
|
|
Default is 21.
|
|
Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
|
|
may be specified.
|
|
Format: <port>,<port>....
|
|
|
|
print-fatal-signals=
|
|
[KNL] debug: print fatal signals
|
|
|
|
If enabled, warn about various signal handling
|
|
related application anomalies: too many signals,
|
|
too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
|
|
coredump - etc.
|
|
|
|
If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
|
|
you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
|
|
|
|
default: off.
|
|
|
|
printk.always_kmsg_dump=
|
|
Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or
|
|
panics
|
|
Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
|
|
default: disabled
|
|
|
|
printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
|
|
Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
|
|
|
|
processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
|
|
Limit processor to maximum C-state
|
|
max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
|
|
|
|
processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
|
|
Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
|
|
instead using the legacy FADT method
|
|
|
|
profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
|
|
Format: [schedule,]<number>
|
|
Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
|
|
Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
|
|
statistical time based profiling.
|
|
Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
|
|
Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
|
|
Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
|
|
|
|
prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
|
|
before loading.
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
|
|
|
|
psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
|
|
probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
|
|
psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
|
|
per second.
|
|
psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
|
|
Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
|
|
(0 = never).
|
|
psmouse.resolution=
|
|
[HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
|
|
psmouse.smartscroll=
|
|
[HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
|
|
0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
|
|
|
|
pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use
|
|
|
|
pt. [PARIDE]
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
|
|
|
|
pty.legacy_count=
|
|
[KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
|
|
default number.
|
|
|
|
quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
|
|
|
|
r128= [HW,DRM]
|
|
|
|
raid= [HW,RAID]
|
|
See Documentation/md.txt.
|
|
|
|
ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
|
|
|
|
ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
|
|
See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
|
|
|
|
rcu_nocbs= [KNL]
|
|
In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y, set
|
|
the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs.
|
|
Invocation of these CPUs' RCU callbacks will
|
|
be offloaded to "rcuox/N" kthreads created for
|
|
that purpose, where "x" is "b" for RCU-bh, "p"
|
|
for RCU-preempt, and "s" for RCU-sched, and "N"
|
|
is the CPU number. This reduces OS jitter on the
|
|
offloaded CPUs, which can be useful for HPC and
|
|
|
|
real-time workloads. It can also improve energy
|
|
efficiency for asymmetric multiprocessors.
|
|
|
|
rcu_nocb_poll [KNL]
|
|
Rather than requiring that offloaded CPUs
|
|
(specified by rcu_nocbs= above) explicitly
|
|
awaken the corresponding "rcuoN" kthreads,
|
|
make these kthreads poll for callbacks.
|
|
This improves the real-time response for the
|
|
offloaded CPUs by relieving them of the need to
|
|
wake up the corresponding kthread, but degrades
|
|
energy efficiency by requiring that the kthreads
|
|
periodically wake up to do the polling.
|
|
|
|
rcutree.blimit= [KNL]
|
|
Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
|
|
in one batch.
|
|
|
|
rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf= [KNL]
|
|
Increase the number of CPUs assigned to each
|
|
leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very large
|
|
systems.
|
|
|
|
rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL]
|
|
Set delay from grace-period initialization to
|
|
first attempt to force quiescent states.
|
|
Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero,
|
|
and maximum value is HZ.
|
|
|
|
rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL]
|
|
Set delay between subsequent attempts to force
|
|
quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum
|
|
value is one, and maximum value is HZ.
|
|
|
|
rcutree.qhimark= [KNL]
|
|
Set threshold of queued
|
|
RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
|
|
|
|
rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL]
|
|
Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
|
|
batch limiting is re-enabled.
|
|
|
|
rcutree.rcu_idle_gp_delay= [KNL]
|
|
Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
|
|
RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
|
|
|
|
rcutree.rcu_idle_lazy_gp_delay= [KNL]
|
|
Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
|
|
only "lazy" RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
|
|
Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can
|
|
prove do nothing more than free memory.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL]
|
|
Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL]
|
|
Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL]
|
|
Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.gp_exp= [KNL]
|
|
Use expedited update-side primitives.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.gp_normal= [KNL]
|
|
Use normal (non-expedited) update-side primitives.
|
|
If both gp_exp and gp_normal are set, do both.
|
|
If neither gp_exp nor gp_normal are set, still
|
|
do both.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL]
|
|
Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL]
|
|
Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just
|
|
stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual
|
|
test, hence the "fake".
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL]
|
|
Set number of RCU readers.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.object_debug= [KNL]
|
|
Enable debug-object double-call_rcu() testing.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL]
|
|
Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL]
|
|
Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
|
|
zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.rcutorture_runnable= [BOOT]
|
|
Start rcutorture running at boot time.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL]
|
|
Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks
|
|
allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
|
|
during the rcutorture test.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL]
|
|
Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
|
|
is useful for hands-off automated testing.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL]
|
|
Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall
|
|
warnings, zero to disable.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL]
|
|
Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
|
|
Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.stutter= [KNL]
|
|
Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying
|
|
five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds,
|
|
wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's
|
|
ability to transition abruptly to and from idle.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL]
|
|
Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.
|
|
"Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation
|
|
under test support RCU priority boosting.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL]
|
|
Duration (s) of each individual boost test.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL]
|
|
Interval (s) between each boost test.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL]
|
|
Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the
|
|
rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL]
|
|
Specify the RCU implementation to test.
|
|
|
|
rcutorture.verbose= [KNL]
|
|
Enable additional printk() statements.
|
|
|
|
rcupdate.rcu_expedited= [KNL]
|
|
Use expedited grace-period primitives, for
|
|
example, synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead
|
|
of synchronize_rcu(). This reduces latency,
|
|
but can increase CPU utilization, degrade
|
|
real-time latency, and degrade energy efficiency.
|
|
|
|
rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL]
|
|
Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages.
|
|
|
|
rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL]
|
|
Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages.
|
|
|
|
rdinit= [KNL]
|
|
Format: <full_path>
|
|
Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
|
|
used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
|
|
|
|
reboot= [KNL]
|
|
Format (x86 or x86_64):
|
|
[w[arm] | c[old] | h[ard] | s[oft] | g[pio]] \
|
|
[[,]s[mp]#### \
|
|
[[,]b[ios] | a[cpi] | k[bd] | t[riple] | e[fi] | p[ci]] \
|
|
[[,]f[orce]
|
|
Where reboot_mode is one of warm (soft) or cold (hard) or gpio,
|
|
reboot_type is one of bios, acpi, kbd, triple, efi, or pci,
|
|
reboot_force is either force or not specified,
|
|
reboot_cpu is s[mp]#### with #### being the processor
|
|
to be used for rebooting.
|
|
|
|
relax_domain_level=
|
|
[KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
|
|
See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
|
|
|
|
reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
|
|
|
|
reservetop= [X86-32]
|
|
Format: nn[KMG]
|
|
Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
|
|
address space.
|
|
|
|
reservelow= [X86]
|
|
Format: nn[K]
|
|
Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
|
|
the bottom of the address space.
|
|
|
|
reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
|
|
during initialization.
|
|
|
|
resume= [SWSUSP]
|
|
Specify the partition device for software suspend
|
|
Format:
|
|
{/dev/<dev> | PARTUUID=<uuid> | <int>:<int> | <hex>}
|
|
|
|
resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
|
|
Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
|
|
given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
|
|
in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
|
|
See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
|
|
|
|
resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
|
|
read the resume files
|
|
|
|
resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up.
|
|
Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
|
|
(e.g. USB and MMC devices).
|
|
|
|
hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
|
|
noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
|
|
present during boot.
|
|
nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
|
|
|
|
retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
|
|
|
|
rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
|
|
Set number of hash buckets for route cache
|
|
|
|
riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
|
|
Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
|
|
|
|
ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
|
|
|
|
root= [KNL] Root filesystem
|
|
See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c.
|
|
|
|
rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
|
|
mount the root filesystem
|
|
|
|
rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
|
|
|
|
rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
|
|
|
|
rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
|
|
Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
|
|
(e.g. USB and MMC devices).
|
|
|
|
rproc_mem=nn[KMG][@address]
|
|
[KNL,ARM,CMA] Remoteproc physical memory block.
|
|
Memory area to be used by remote processor image,
|
|
managed by CMA.
|
|
|
|
rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
|
|
|
|
S [KNL] Run init in single mode
|
|
|
|
sa1100ir [NET]
|
|
See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
|
|
|
|
sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
|
|
|
|
sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
|
|
|
|
skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate
|
|
xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock
|
|
contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set.
|
|
Format: { "0" | "1" }
|
|
0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
|
|
1 -- enable.
|
|
Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be
|
|
enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads.
|
|
|
|
security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
|
|
If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
|
|
security module asking for security registration will be
|
|
loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
|
|
as if no module has been chosen.
|
|
|
|
selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
|
|
Format: { "0" | "1" }
|
|
See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
|
|
0 -- disable.
|
|
1 -- enable.
|
|
Default value is set via kernel config option.
|
|
If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
|
|
later to disable prior to initial policy load.
|
|
|
|
apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
|
|
Format: { "0" | "1" }
|
|
See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
|
|
0 -- disable.
|
|
1 -- enable.
|
|
Default value is set via kernel config option.
|
|
|
|
serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
|
|
|
|
shapers= [NET]
|
|
Maximal number of shapers.
|
|
|
|
show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
|
|
Format: { <integer> }
|
|
Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
|
|
The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
|
|
for example 1 means boot CPU only.
|
|
|
|
simeth= [IA-64]
|
|
simscsi=
|
|
|
|
slram= [HW,MTD]
|
|
|
|
slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB]
|
|
Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
|
|
A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
|
|
fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with
|
|
more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise.
|
|
|
|
slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
|
|
Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
|
|
culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
|
|
slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
|
|
may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
|
|
last alloc / free. For more information see
|
|
Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
|
|
|
|
slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
|
|
Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
|
|
A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
|
|
fragmentation. For more information see
|
|
Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
|
|
|
|
slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
|
|
The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
|
|
increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
|
|
generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
|
|
the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
|
|
of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
|
|
and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
|
|
For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
|
|
|
|
slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
|
|
Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be
|
|
lower than slub_max_order.
|
|
For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
|
|
|
|
slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
|
|
Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
|
|
necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
|
|
allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
|
|
merging on their own.
|
|
For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
|
|
|
|
smart2= [HW]
|
|
Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
|
|
|
|
smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
|
|
smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
|
|
smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
|
|
smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
|
|
smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
|
|
smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
|
|
smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
|
|
0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
|
|
1: Fast pin select (default)
|
|
2: ATC IRMode
|
|
|
|
softlockup_panic=
|
|
[KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
|
|
Format: <integer>
|
|
|
|
sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
|
|
See Documentation/laptops/sonypi.txt
|
|
|
|
specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
|
|
See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
|
|
|
|
spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
|
|
spia_fio_base=
|
|
spia_pedr=
|
|
spia_peddr=
|
|
|
|
stacktrace [FTRACE]
|
|
Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
|
|
|
|
stacktrace_filter=[function-list]
|
|
[FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer
|
|
will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
|
|
list of functions. This list can be changed at run
|
|
time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs
|
|
tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing
|
|
and the stacktrace above is not needed.
|
|
|
|
sti= [PARISC,HW]
|
|
Format: <num>
|
|
Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
|
|
machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
|
|
as the initial boot-console.
|
|
See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
|
|
|
|
sti_font= [HW]
|
|
See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
|
|
|
|
stifb= [HW]
|
|
Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
|
|
|
|
sunrpc.min_resvport=
|
|
sunrpc.max_resvport=
|
|
[NFS,SUNRPC]
|
|
SunRPC servers often require that client requests
|
|
originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
|
|
range 0 < portnr < 1024).
|
|
An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
|
|
ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
|
|
kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
|
|
using these two parameters to set the minimum and
|
|
maximum port values.
|
|
|
|
sunrpc.pool_mode=
|
|
[NFS]
|
|
Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
|
|
service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
|
|
you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
|
|
option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
|
|
Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
|
|
NFS server is running.
|
|
|
|
auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
|
|
automatically using heuristics
|
|
global a single global pool contains all CPUs
|
|
percpu one pool for each CPU
|
|
pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
|
|
to global on non-NUMA machines)
|
|
|
|
sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
|
|
sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
|
|
[NFS,SUNRPC]
|
|
Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
|
|
RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
|
|
server. Increasing these values may allow you to
|
|
improve throughput, but will also increase the
|
|
amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
|
|
|
|
swapaccount=[0|1]
|
|
[KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
|
|
controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
|
|
it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
|
|
|
|
swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
|
|
|
|
switches= [HW,M68k]
|
|
|
|
sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
|
|
Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
|
|
on older distributions. When this option is enabled
|
|
very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
|
|
is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
|
|
in older udev will not work anymore.
|
|
Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
|
|
the kernel configuration.
|
|
|
|
sysrq_always_enabled
|
|
[KNL]
|
|
Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
|
|
neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
|
|
Useful for debugging.
|
|
|
|
tdfx= [HW,DRM]
|
|
|
|
test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
|
|
Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
|
|
standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
|
|
enter during system startup. The system is woken from
|
|
this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
|
|
|
|
thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
|
|
Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
|
|
|
|
thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
|
|
-1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
|
|
<degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
|
|
|
|
thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
|
|
-1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
|
|
<degrees C>: override all critical trip points
|
|
|
|
thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
|
|
Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
|
|
critical and hot trip points.
|
|
|
|
thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
|
|
1: disable ACPI thermal control
|
|
|
|
thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
|
|
-1: disable all passive trip points
|
|
<degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
|
|
value
|
|
|
|
thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
|
|
Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
|
|
<deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
|
|
0: no polling (default)
|
|
|
|
threadirqs [KNL]
|
|
Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those
|
|
marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD.
|
|
|
|
tmem [KNL,XEN]
|
|
Enable the Transcendent memory driver if built-in.
|
|
|
|
tmem.cleancache=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
|
|
Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the cleancache
|
|
API to send anonymous pages to the hypervisor.
|
|
|
|
tmem.frontswap=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
|
|
Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the frontswap
|
|
API to send swap pages to the hypervisor. If disabled
|
|
the selfballooning and selfshrinking are force disabled.
|
|
|
|
tmem.selfballooning=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
|
|
Default is on (1). Disable the driving of swap pages
|
|
to the hypervisor.
|
|
|
|
tmem.selfshrinking=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
|
|
Default is on (1). Partial swapoff that immediately
|
|
transfers pages from Xen hypervisor back to the
|
|
kernel based on different criteria.
|
|
|
|
topology= [S390]
|
|
Format: {off | on}
|
|
Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
|
|
topology information if the hardware supports this.
|
|
The scheduler will make use of this information and
|
|
e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
|
|
Default is on.
|
|
|
|
tp720= [HW,PS2]
|
|
|
|
tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
|
|
Format: integer pcr id
|
|
Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
|
|
should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
|
|
as a workaround for some chips which fail to
|
|
flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
|
|
This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
|
|
are saved.
|
|
|
|
trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
|
|
[FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size.
|
|
|
|
trace_event=[event-list]
|
|
[FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
|
|
to facilitate early boot debugging.
|
|
See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
|
|
|
|
trace_options=[option-list]
|
|
[FTRACE] Enable or disable tracer options at boot.
|
|
The option-list is a comma delimited list of options
|
|
that can be enabled or disabled just as if you were
|
|
to echo the option name into
|
|
|
|
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options
|
|
|
|
For example, to enable stacktrace option (to dump the
|
|
stack trace of each event), add to the command line:
|
|
|
|
trace_options=stacktrace
|
|
|
|
See also Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt "trace options"
|
|
section.
|
|
|
|
traceoff_on_warning
|
|
[FTRACE] enable this option to disable tracing when a
|
|
warning is hit. This turns off "tracing_on". Tracing can
|
|
be enabled again by echoing '1' into the "tracing_on"
|
|
file located in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/
|
|
|
|
This option is useful, as it disables the trace before
|
|
the WARNING dump is called, which prevents the trace to
|
|
be filled with content caused by the warning output.
|
|
|
|
This option can also be set at run time via the sysctl
|
|
option: kernel/traceoff_on_warning
|
|
|
|
transparent_hugepage=
|
|
[KNL]
|
|
Format: [always|madvise|never]
|
|
Can be used to control the default behavior of the system
|
|
with respect to transparent hugepages.
|
|
See Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt for more details.
|
|
|
|
tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
|
|
Format: <string>
|
|
[x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
|
|
disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
|
|
as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
|
|
high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
|
|
virtualized environment.
|
|
[x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
|
|
Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
|
|
platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
|
|
can add overhead.
|
|
|
|
turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
|
|
TurboGraFX parallel port interface
|
|
Format:
|
|
<port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
|
|
See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
|
|
|
|
udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
|
|
happen after console_init() and before a proper
|
|
console driver takes over, this boot options might
|
|
help "seeing" what's going on.
|
|
|
|
uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
|
|
Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
|
|
|
|
uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
|
|
[USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
|
|
Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
|
|
bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
|
|
anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
|
|
Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
|
|
reported either.
|
|
|
|
unknown_nmi_panic
|
|
[X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI.
|
|
|
|
usbcore.authorized_default=
|
|
[USB] Default USB device authorization:
|
|
(default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB,
|
|
0 = not authorized, 1 = authorized)
|
|
|
|
usbcore.autosuspend=
|
|
[USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
|
|
for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
|
|
is the time required before an idle device will be
|
|
autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
|
|
to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
|
|
|
|
usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
|
|
[USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
|
|
|
|
usbcore.blinkenlights=
|
|
[USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
|
|
|
|
usbcore.old_scheme_first=
|
|
[USB] Start with the old device initialization
|
|
scheme (default 0 = off).
|
|
|
|
usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb=
|
|
[USB] Memory limit (in MB) for buffers allocated by
|
|
usbfs (default = 16, 0 = max = 2047).
|
|
|
|
usbcore.use_both_schemes=
|
|
[USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
|
|
if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
|
|
|
|
usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
|
|
[USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
|
|
USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
|
|
(default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
|
|
|
|
usbhid.mousepoll=
|
|
[USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
|
|
|
|
usb-storage.delay_use=
|
|
[UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
|
|
scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
|
|
|
|
usb-storage.quirks=
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[UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
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override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
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entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
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the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
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and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
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Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
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to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
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a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
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of sense data);
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b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
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bytes of sense data);
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c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
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device capacity by one sector);
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d = NO_READ_DISC_INFO (don't use
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READ_DISC_INFO command);
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e = NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 (don't use
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READ_CAPACITY_16 command);
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h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
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reported device capacity by one
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sector if the number is odd);
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i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
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device);
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l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
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unlock ejectable media);
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m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
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than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
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n = INITIAL_READ10 (force a retry of the
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initial READ(10) command);
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o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
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reported by the device);
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p = WRITE_CACHE (the device cache is ON
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by default);
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r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
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bogus residue values);
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s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
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Logical Unit);
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w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
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medium is write-protected).
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Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
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user_debug= [KNL,ARM]
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Format: <int>
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See arch/arm/Kconfig.debug help text.
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1 - undefined instruction events
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2 - system calls
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4 - invalid data aborts
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8 - SIGSEGV faults
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16 - SIGBUS faults
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Example: user_debug=31
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userpte=
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[X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
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nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
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HIGHMEM regardless of setting
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of CONFIG_HIGHPTE.
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vdso= [X86,SH]
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vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
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vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
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vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
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vdso32= [X86]
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vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
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vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
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vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
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vector= [IA-64,SMP]
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vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
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video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
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See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
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video.brightness_switch_enabled= [0,1]
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If set to 1, on receiving an ACPI notify event
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generated by hotkey, video driver will adjust brightness
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level and then send out the event to user space through
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the allocated input device; If set to 0, video driver
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will only send out the event without touching backlight
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brightness level.
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default: 1
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virtio_mmio.device=
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[VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device.
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<size>@<baseaddr>:<irq>[:<id>]
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where:
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<size> := size (can use standard suffixes
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like K, M and G)
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<baseaddr> := physical base address
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<irq> := interrupt number (as passed to
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request_irq())
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<id> := (optional) platform device id
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example:
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virtio_mmio.device=1K@0x100b0000:48:7
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|
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Can be used multiple times for multiple devices.
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|
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vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
|
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See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
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Documentation/svga.txt.
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Use vga=ask for menu.
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This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
|
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passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
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vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
|
|
size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
|
|
minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
|
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decrease the size and leave more room for directly
|
|
mapped kernel RAM.
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vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
|
|
Format: <command>
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vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
|
|
Format: <command>
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vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
|
|
Format: <command>
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|
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vsyscall= [X86-64]
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|
Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to
|
|
fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy
|
|
code). Most statically-linked binaries and older
|
|
versions of glibc use these calls. Because these
|
|
functions are at fixed addresses, they make nice
|
|
targets for exploits that can control RIP.
|
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|
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emulate [default] Vsyscalls turn into traps and are
|
|
emulated reasonably safely.
|
|
|
|
native Vsyscalls are native syscall instructions.
|
|
This is a little bit faster than trapping
|
|
and makes a few dynamic recompilers work
|
|
better than they would in emulation mode.
|
|
It also makes exploits much easier to write.
|
|
|
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none Vsyscalls don't work at all. This makes
|
|
them quite hard to use for exploits but
|
|
might break your system.
|
|
|
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vt.color= [VT] Default text color.
|
|
Format: 0xYX, X = foreground, Y = background.
|
|
Default: 0x07 = light gray on black.
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|
|
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vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
|
|
Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
|
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the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
|
|
see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
|
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|
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vt.default_blu= [VT]
|
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Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
|
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Change the default blue palette of the console.
|
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This is a 16-member array composed of values
|
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ranging from 0-255.
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|
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vt.default_grn= [VT]
|
|
Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
|
|
Change the default green palette of the console.
|
|
This is a 16-member array composed of values
|
|
ranging from 0-255.
|
|
|
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vt.default_red= [VT]
|
|
Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
|
|
Change the default red palette of the console.
|
|
This is a 16-member array composed of values
|
|
ranging from 0-255.
|
|
|
|
vt.default_utf8=
|
|
[VT]
|
|
Format=<0|1>
|
|
Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
|
|
Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
|
|
newly opened terminals.
|
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|
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vt.global_cursor_default=
|
|
[VT]
|
|
Format=<-1|0|1>
|
|
Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
|
|
is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
|
|
i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
|
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overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
|
|
cursors, 1 will display them.
|
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|
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vt.italic= [VT] Default color for italic text; 0-15.
|
|
Default: 2 = green.
|
|
|
|
vt.underline= [VT] Default color for underlined text; 0-15.
|
|
Default: 3 = cyan.
|
|
|
|
watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
|
|
see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
|
|
or other driver-specific files in the
|
|
Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
|
|
|
|
workqueue.disable_numa
|
|
By default, all work items queued to unbound
|
|
workqueues are affine to the NUMA nodes they're
|
|
issued on, which results in better behavior in
|
|
general. If NUMA affinity needs to be disabled for
|
|
whatever reason, this option can be used. Note
|
|
that this also can be controlled per-workqueue for
|
|
workqueues visible under /sys/bus/workqueue/.
|
|
|
|
workqueue.power_efficient
|
|
Per-cpu workqueues are generally preferred because
|
|
they show better performance thanks to cache
|
|
locality; unfortunately, per-cpu workqueues tend to
|
|
be more power hungry than unbound workqueues.
|
|
|
|
Enabling this makes the per-cpu workqueues which
|
|
were observed to contribute significantly to power
|
|
consumption unbound, leading to measurably lower
|
|
power usage at the cost of small performance
|
|
overhead.
|
|
|
|
The default value of this parameter is determined by
|
|
the config option CONFIG_WQ_POWER_EFFICIENT_DEFAULT.
|
|
|
|
x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
|
|
default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
|
|
supporting x2apic.
|
|
|
|
x86_intel_mid_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
|
|
Choose timer option for x86 Intel MID platform.
|
|
Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
|
|
plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
|
|
x86_intel_mid_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
|
|
|
|
xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN]
|
|
Unplug Xen emulated devices
|
|
Format: [unplug0,][unplug1]
|
|
ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
|
|
aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
|
|
nics -- unplug network devices
|
|
all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
|
|
unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
|
|
unnecessary even if the host did not respond to
|
|
the unplug protocol
|
|
never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
|
|
|
|
xen_nopvspin [X86,XEN]
|
|
Disables the ticketlock slowpath using Xen PV
|
|
optimizations.
|
|
|
|
xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
|
|
Format:
|
|
<irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
|
|
|
|
______________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
TODO:
|
|
|
|
Add more DRM drivers.
|