linux/fs/gfs2/rgrp.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) Sistina Software, Inc.  1997-2003 All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Red Hat, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use,
 * modify, copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions
 * of the GNU General Public License version 2.
 */

#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/gfs2_ondisk.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/random.h>

#include "gfs2.h"
#include "incore.h"
#include "glock.h"
#include "glops.h"
#include "lops.h"
#include "meta_io.h"
#include "quota.h"
#include "rgrp.h"
#include "super.h"
#include "trans.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "inode.h"
#include "trace_gfs2.h"

#define BFITNOENT ((u32)~0)
#define NO_BLOCK ((u64)~0)

#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
#define LBITMASK   (0x55555555UL)
#define LBITSKIP55 (0x55555555UL)
#define LBITSKIP00 (0x00000000UL)
#else
#define LBITMASK   (0x5555555555555555UL)
#define LBITSKIP55 (0x5555555555555555UL)
#define LBITSKIP00 (0x0000000000000000UL)
#endif

/*
 * These routines are used by the resource group routines (rgrp.c)
 * to keep track of block allocation.  Each block is represented by two
 * bits.  So, each byte represents GFS2_NBBY (i.e. 4) blocks.
 *
 * 0 = Free
 * 1 = Used (not metadata)
 * 2 = Unlinked (still in use) inode
 * 3 = Used (metadata)
 */

static const char valid_change[16] = {
	        /* current */
	/* n */ 0, 1, 1, 1,
	/* e */ 1, 0, 0, 0,
	/* w */ 0, 0, 0, 1,
	        1, 0, 0, 0
};

static int gfs2_rbm_find(struct gfs2_rbm *rbm, u8 state, u32 minext,
                         const struct gfs2_inode *ip, bool nowrap);


/**
 * gfs2_setbit - Set a bit in the bitmaps
 * @rbm: The position of the bit to set
 * @do_clone: Also set the clone bitmap, if it exists
 * @new_state: the new state of the block
 *
 */

static inline void gfs2_setbit(const struct gfs2_rbm *rbm, bool do_clone,
			       unsigned char new_state)
{
	unsigned char *byte1, *byte2, *end, cur_state;
	unsigned int buflen = rbm->bi->bi_len;
	const unsigned int bit = (rbm->offset % GFS2_NBBY) * GFS2_BIT_SIZE;

	byte1 = rbm->bi->bi_bh->b_data + rbm->bi->bi_offset + (rbm->offset / GFS2_NBBY);
	end = rbm->bi->bi_bh->b_data + rbm->bi->bi_offset + buflen;

	BUG_ON(byte1 >= end);

	cur_state = (*byte1 >> bit) & GFS2_BIT_MASK;

	if (unlikely(!valid_change[new_state * 4 + cur_state])) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "GFS2: buf_blk = 0x%x old_state=%d, "
		       "new_state=%d\n", rbm->offset, cur_state, new_state);
		printk(KERN_WARNING "GFS2: rgrp=0x%llx bi_start=0x%x\n",
		       (unsigned long long)rbm->rgd->rd_addr,
		       rbm->bi->bi_start);
		printk(KERN_WARNING "GFS2: bi_offset=0x%x bi_len=0x%x\n",
		       rbm->bi->bi_offset, rbm->bi->bi_len);
		dump_stack();
		gfs2_consist_rgrpd(rbm->rgd);
		return;
	}
	*byte1 ^= (cur_state ^ new_state) << bit;

	if (do_clone && rbm->bi->bi_clone) {
		byte2 = rbm->bi->bi_clone + rbm->bi->bi_offset + (rbm->offset / GFS2_NBBY);
		cur_state = (*byte2 >> bit) & GFS2_BIT_MASK;
		*byte2 ^= (cur_state ^ new_state) << bit;
	}
}

/**
 * gfs2_testbit - test a bit in the bitmaps
 * @rbm: The bit to test
 *
 * Returns: The two bit block state of the requested bit
 */

static inline u8 gfs2_testbit(const struct gfs2_rbm *rbm)
{
	const u8 *buffer = rbm->bi->bi_bh->b_data + rbm->bi->bi_offset;
	const u8 *byte;
	unsigned int bit;

	byte = buffer + (rbm->offset / GFS2_NBBY);
	bit = (rbm->offset % GFS2_NBBY) * GFS2_BIT_SIZE;

	return (*byte >> bit) & GFS2_BIT_MASK;
}

/**
 * gfs2_bit_search
 * @ptr: Pointer to bitmap data
 * @mask: Mask to use (normally 0x55555.... but adjusted for search start)
 * @state: The state we are searching for
 *
 * We xor the bitmap data with a patter which is the bitwise opposite
 * of what we are looking for, this gives rise to a pattern of ones
 * wherever there is a match. Since we have two bits per entry, we
 * take this pattern, shift it down by one place and then and it with
 * the original. All the even bit positions (0,2,4, etc) then represent
 * successful matches, so we mask with 0x55555..... to remove the unwanted
 * odd bit positions.
 *
 * This allows searching of a whole u64 at once (32 blocks) with a
 * single test (on 64 bit arches).
 */

static inline u64 gfs2_bit_search(const __le64 *ptr, u64 mask, u8 state)
{
	u64 tmp;
	static const u64 search[] = {
		[0] = 0xffffffffffffffffULL,
		[1] = 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaULL,
		[2] = 0x5555555555555555ULL,
		[3] = 0x0000000000000000ULL,
	};
	tmp = le64_to_cpu(*ptr) ^ search[state];
	tmp &= (tmp >> 1);
	tmp &= mask;
	return tmp;
}

/**
 * rs_cmp - multi-block reservation range compare
 * @blk: absolute file system block number of the new reservation
 * @len: number of blocks in the new reservation
 * @rs: existing reservation to compare against
 *
 * returns: 1 if the block range is beyond the reach of the reservation
 *         -1 if the block range is before the start of the reservation
 *          0 if the block range overlaps with the reservation
 */
static inline int rs_cmp(u64 blk, u32 len, struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs)
{
	u64 startblk = gfs2_rbm_to_block(&rs->rs_rbm);

	if (blk >= startblk + rs->rs_free)
		return 1;
	if (blk + len - 1 < startblk)
		return -1;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * gfs2_bitfit - Search an rgrp's bitmap buffer to find a bit-pair representing
 *       a block in a given allocation state.
 * @buf: the buffer that holds the bitmaps
 * @len: the length (in bytes) of the buffer
 * @goal: start search at this block's bit-pair (within @buffer)
 * @state: GFS2_BLKST_XXX the state of the block we're looking for.
 *
 * Scope of @goal and returned block number is only within this bitmap buffer,
 * not entire rgrp or filesystem.  @buffer will be offset from the actual
 * beginning of a bitmap block buffer, skipping any header structures, but
 * headers are always a multiple of 64 bits long so that the buffer is
 * always aligned to a 64 bit boundary.
 *
 * The size of the buffer is in bytes, but is it assumed that it is
 * always ok to read a complete multiple of 64 bits at the end
 * of the block in case the end is no aligned to a natural boundary.
 *
 * Return: the block number (bitmap buffer scope) that was found
 */

static u32 gfs2_bitfit(const u8 *buf, const unsigned int len,
		       u32 goal, u8 state)
{
	u32 spoint = (goal << 1) & ((8*sizeof(u64)) - 1);
	const __le64 *ptr = ((__le64 *)buf) + (goal >> 5);
	const __le64 *end = (__le64 *)(buf + ALIGN(len, sizeof(u64)));
	u64 tmp;
	u64 mask = 0x5555555555555555ULL;
	u32 bit;

	/* Mask off bits we don't care about at the start of the search */
	mask <<= spoint;
	tmp = gfs2_bit_search(ptr, mask, state);
	ptr++;
	while(tmp == 0 && ptr < end) {
		tmp = gfs2_bit_search(ptr, 0x5555555555555555ULL, state);
		ptr++;
	}
	/* Mask off any bits which are more than len bytes from the start */
	if (ptr == end && (len & (sizeof(u64) - 1)))
		tmp &= (((u64)~0) >> (64 - 8*(len & (sizeof(u64) - 1))));
	/* Didn't find anything, so return */
	if (tmp == 0)
		return BFITNOENT;
	ptr--;
	bit = __ffs64(tmp);
	bit /= 2;	/* two bits per entry in the bitmap */
	return (((const unsigned char *)ptr - buf) * GFS2_NBBY) + bit;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rbm_from_block - Set the rbm based upon rgd and block number
 * @rbm: The rbm with rgd already set correctly
 * @block: The block number (filesystem relative)
 *
 * This sets the bi and offset members of an rbm based on a
 * resource group and a filesystem relative block number. The
 * resource group must be set in the rbm on entry, the bi and
 * offset members will be set by this function.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, or an error code
 */

static int gfs2_rbm_from_block(struct gfs2_rbm *rbm, u64 block)
{
	u64 rblock = block - rbm->rgd->rd_data0;
	u32 x;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(rblock > UINT_MAX))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (block >= rbm->rgd->rd_data0 + rbm->rgd->rd_data)
		return -E2BIG;

	rbm->bi = rbm->rgd->rd_bits;
	rbm->offset = (u32)(rblock);
	/* Check if the block is within the first block */
	if (rbm->offset < (rbm->bi->bi_start + rbm->bi->bi_len) * GFS2_NBBY)
		return 0;

	/* Adjust for the size diff between gfs2_meta_header and gfs2_rgrp */
	rbm->offset += (sizeof(struct gfs2_rgrp) -
			sizeof(struct gfs2_meta_header)) * GFS2_NBBY;
	x = rbm->offset / rbm->rgd->rd_sbd->sd_blocks_per_bitmap;
	rbm->offset -= x * rbm->rgd->rd_sbd->sd_blocks_per_bitmap;
	rbm->bi += x;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * gfs2_unaligned_extlen - Look for free blocks which are not byte aligned
 * @rbm: Position to search (value/result)
 * @n_unaligned: Number of unaligned blocks to check
 * @len: Decremented for each block found (terminate on zero)
 *
 * Returns: true if a non-free block is encountered
 */

static bool gfs2_unaligned_extlen(struct gfs2_rbm *rbm, u32 n_unaligned, u32 *len)
{
	u64 block;
	u32 n;
	u8 res;

	for (n = 0; n < n_unaligned; n++) {
		res = gfs2_testbit(rbm);
		if (res != GFS2_BLKST_FREE)
			return true;
		(*len)--;
		if (*len == 0)
			return true;
		block = gfs2_rbm_to_block(rbm);
		if (gfs2_rbm_from_block(rbm, block + 1))
			return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * gfs2_free_extlen - Return extent length of free blocks
 * @rbm: Starting position
 * @len: Max length to check
 *
 * Starting at the block specified by the rbm, see how many free blocks
 * there are, not reading more than len blocks ahead. This can be done
 * using memchr_inv when the blocks are byte aligned, but has to be done
 * on a block by block basis in case of unaligned blocks. Also this
 * function can cope with bitmap boundaries (although it must stop on
 * a resource group boundary)
 *
 * Returns: Number of free blocks in the extent
 */

static u32 gfs2_free_extlen(const struct gfs2_rbm *rrbm, u32 len)
{
	struct gfs2_rbm rbm = *rrbm;
	u32 n_unaligned = rbm.offset & 3;
	u32 size = len;
	u32 bytes;
	u32 chunk_size;
	u8 *ptr, *start, *end;
	u64 block;

	if (n_unaligned &&
	    gfs2_unaligned_extlen(&rbm, 4 - n_unaligned, &len))
		goto out;

	n_unaligned = len & 3;
	/* Start is now byte aligned */
	while (len > 3) {
		start = rbm.bi->bi_bh->b_data;
		if (rbm.bi->bi_clone)
			start = rbm.bi->bi_clone;
		end = start + rbm.bi->bi_bh->b_size;
		start += rbm.bi->bi_offset;
		BUG_ON(rbm.offset & 3);
		start += (rbm.offset / GFS2_NBBY);
		bytes = min_t(u32, len / GFS2_NBBY, (end - start));
		ptr = memchr_inv(start, 0, bytes);
		chunk_size = ((ptr == NULL) ? bytes : (ptr - start));
		chunk_size *= GFS2_NBBY;
		BUG_ON(len < chunk_size);
		len -= chunk_size;
		block = gfs2_rbm_to_block(&rbm);
		if (gfs2_rbm_from_block(&rbm, block + chunk_size)) {
			n_unaligned = 0;
			break;
		}
		if (ptr) {
			n_unaligned = 3;
			break;
		}
		n_unaligned = len & 3;
	}

	/* Deal with any bits left over at the end */
	if (n_unaligned)
		gfs2_unaligned_extlen(&rbm, n_unaligned, &len);
out:
	return size - len;
}

/**
 * gfs2_bitcount - count the number of bits in a certain state
 * @rgd: the resource group descriptor
 * @buffer: the buffer that holds the bitmaps
 * @buflen: the length (in bytes) of the buffer
 * @state: the state of the block we're looking for
 *
 * Returns: The number of bits
 */

static u32 gfs2_bitcount(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, const u8 *buffer,
			 unsigned int buflen, u8 state)
{
	const u8 *byte = buffer;
	const u8 *end = buffer + buflen;
	const u8 state1 = state << 2;
	const u8 state2 = state << 4;
	const u8 state3 = state << 6;
	u32 count = 0;

	for (; byte < end; byte++) {
		if (((*byte) & 0x03) == state)
			count++;
		if (((*byte) & 0x0C) == state1)
			count++;
		if (((*byte) & 0x30) == state2)
			count++;
		if (((*byte) & 0xC0) == state3)
			count++;
	}

	return count;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rgrp_verify - Verify that a resource group is consistent
 * @rgd: the rgrp
 *
 */

void gfs2_rgrp_verify(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;
	struct gfs2_bitmap *bi = NULL;
	u32 length = rgd->rd_length;
	u32 count[4], tmp;
	int buf, x;

	memset(count, 0, 4 * sizeof(u32));

	/* Count # blocks in each of 4 possible allocation states */
	for (buf = 0; buf < length; buf++) {
		bi = rgd->rd_bits + buf;
		for (x = 0; x < 4; x++)
			count[x] += gfs2_bitcount(rgd,
						  bi->bi_bh->b_data +
						  bi->bi_offset,
						  bi->bi_len, x);
	}

	if (count[0] != rgd->rd_free) {
		if (gfs2_consist_rgrpd(rgd))
			fs_err(sdp, "free data mismatch:  %u != %u\n",
			       count[0], rgd->rd_free);
		return;
	}

	tmp = rgd->rd_data - rgd->rd_free - rgd->rd_dinodes;
	if (count[1] != tmp) {
		if (gfs2_consist_rgrpd(rgd))
			fs_err(sdp, "used data mismatch:  %u != %u\n",
			       count[1], tmp);
		return;
	}

	if (count[2] + count[3] != rgd->rd_dinodes) {
		if (gfs2_consist_rgrpd(rgd))
			fs_err(sdp, "used metadata mismatch:  %u != %u\n",
			       count[2] + count[3], rgd->rd_dinodes);
		return;
	}
}

static inline int rgrp_contains_block(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, u64 block)
{
	u64 first = rgd->rd_data0;
	u64 last = first + rgd->rd_data;
	return first <= block && block < last;
}

/**
 * gfs2_blk2rgrpd - Find resource group for a given data/meta block number
 * @sdp: The GFS2 superblock
 * @blk: The data block number
 * @exact: True if this needs to be an exact match
 *
 * Returns: The resource group, or NULL if not found
 */

struct gfs2_rgrpd *gfs2_blk2rgrpd(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp, u64 blk, bool exact)
{
	struct rb_node *n, *next;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *cur;

	spin_lock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);
	n = sdp->sd_rindex_tree.rb_node;
	while (n) {
		cur = rb_entry(n, struct gfs2_rgrpd, rd_node);
		next = NULL;
		if (blk < cur->rd_addr)
			next = n->rb_left;
		else if (blk >= cur->rd_data0 + cur->rd_data)
			next = n->rb_right;
		if (next == NULL) {
			spin_unlock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);
			if (exact) {
				if (blk < cur->rd_addr)
					return NULL;
				if (blk >= cur->rd_data0 + cur->rd_data)
					return NULL;
			}
			return cur;
		}
		n = next;
	}
	spin_unlock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);

	return NULL;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rgrpd_get_first - get the first Resource Group in the filesystem
 * @sdp: The GFS2 superblock
 *
 * Returns: The first rgrp in the filesystem
 */

struct gfs2_rgrpd *gfs2_rgrpd_get_first(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp)
{
	const struct rb_node *n;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;

	spin_lock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);
	n = rb_first(&sdp->sd_rindex_tree);
	rgd = rb_entry(n, struct gfs2_rgrpd, rd_node);
	spin_unlock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);

	return rgd;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rgrpd_get_next - get the next RG
 * @rgd: the resource group descriptor
 *
 * Returns: The next rgrp
 */

struct gfs2_rgrpd *gfs2_rgrpd_get_next(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;
	const struct rb_node *n;

	spin_lock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);
	n = rb_next(&rgd->rd_node);
	if (n == NULL)
		n = rb_first(&sdp->sd_rindex_tree);

	if (unlikely(&rgd->rd_node == n)) {
		spin_unlock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);
		return NULL;
	}
	rgd = rb_entry(n, struct gfs2_rgrpd, rd_node);
	spin_unlock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);
	return rgd;
}

void gfs2_free_clones(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	int x;

	for (x = 0; x < rgd->rd_length; x++) {
		struct gfs2_bitmap *bi = rgd->rd_bits + x;
		kfree(bi->bi_clone);
		bi->bi_clone = NULL;
	}
}

/**
 * gfs2_rs_alloc - make sure we have a reservation assigned to the inode
 * @ip: the inode for this reservation
 */
int gfs2_rs_alloc(struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	int error = 0;

	down_write(&ip->i_rw_mutex);
	if (ip->i_res)
		goto out;

	ip->i_res = kmem_cache_zalloc(gfs2_rsrv_cachep, GFP_NOFS);
	if (!ip->i_res) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}

	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&ip->i_res->rs_node);
out:
	up_write(&ip->i_rw_mutex);
	return error;
}

static void dump_rs(struct seq_file *seq, const struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs)
{
	gfs2_print_dbg(seq, "  B: n:%llu s:%llu b:%u f:%u\n",
		       (unsigned long long)rs->rs_inum,
		       (unsigned long long)gfs2_rbm_to_block(&rs->rs_rbm),
		       rs->rs_rbm.offset, rs->rs_free);
}

/**
 * __rs_deltree - remove a multi-block reservation from the rgd tree
 * @rs: The reservation to remove
 *
 */
static void __rs_deltree(struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;

	if (!gfs2_rs_active(rs))
		return;

	rgd = rs->rs_rbm.rgd;
	trace_gfs2_rs(rs, TRACE_RS_TREEDEL);
	rb_erase(&rs->rs_node, &rgd->rd_rstree);
	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&rs->rs_node);

	if (rs->rs_free) {
		/* return reserved blocks to the rgrp */
		BUG_ON(rs->rs_rbm.rgd->rd_reserved < rs->rs_free);
		rs->rs_rbm.rgd->rd_reserved -= rs->rs_free;
		rs->rs_free = 0;
		clear_bit(GBF_FULL, &rs->rs_rbm.bi->bi_flags);
		smp_mb__after_clear_bit();
	}
}

/**
 * gfs2_rs_deltree - remove a multi-block reservation from the rgd tree
 * @rs: The reservation to remove
 *
 */
void gfs2_rs_deltree(struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;

	rgd = rs->rs_rbm.rgd;
	if (rgd) {
		spin_lock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
		__rs_deltree(rs);
		spin_unlock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	}
}

/**
 * gfs2_rs_delete - delete a multi-block reservation
 * @ip: The inode for this reservation
 *
 */
void gfs2_rs_delete(struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	struct inode *inode = &ip->i_inode;

	down_write(&ip->i_rw_mutex);
	if (ip->i_res && atomic_read(&inode->i_writecount) <= 1) {
		gfs2_rs_deltree(ip->i_res);
		BUG_ON(ip->i_res->rs_free);
		kmem_cache_free(gfs2_rsrv_cachep, ip->i_res);
		ip->i_res = NULL;
	}
	up_write(&ip->i_rw_mutex);
}

/**
 * return_all_reservations - return all reserved blocks back to the rgrp.
 * @rgd: the rgrp that needs its space back
 *
 * We previously reserved a bunch of blocks for allocation. Now we need to
 * give them back. This leave the reservation structures in tact, but removes
 * all of their corresponding "no-fly zones".
 */
static void return_all_reservations(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct rb_node *n;
	struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs;

	spin_lock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	while ((n = rb_first(&rgd->rd_rstree))) {
		rs = rb_entry(n, struct gfs2_blkreserv, rs_node);
		__rs_deltree(rs);
	}
	spin_unlock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
}

void gfs2_clear_rgrpd(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp)
{
	struct rb_node *n;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;
	struct gfs2_glock *gl;

	while ((n = rb_first(&sdp->sd_rindex_tree))) {
		rgd = rb_entry(n, struct gfs2_rgrpd, rd_node);
		gl = rgd->rd_gl;

		rb_erase(n, &sdp->sd_rindex_tree);

		if (gl) {
			spin_lock(&gl->gl_spin);
			gl->gl_object = NULL;
			spin_unlock(&gl->gl_spin);
			gfs2_glock_add_to_lru(gl);
			gfs2_glock_put(gl);
		}

		gfs2_free_clones(rgd);
		kfree(rgd->rd_bits);
		return_all_reservations(rgd);
		kmem_cache_free(gfs2_rgrpd_cachep, rgd);
	}
}

static void gfs2_rindex_print(const struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	printk(KERN_INFO "  ri_addr = %llu\n", (unsigned long long)rgd->rd_addr);
	printk(KERN_INFO "  ri_length = %u\n", rgd->rd_length);
	printk(KERN_INFO "  ri_data0 = %llu\n", (unsigned long long)rgd->rd_data0);
	printk(KERN_INFO "  ri_data = %u\n", rgd->rd_data);
	printk(KERN_INFO "  ri_bitbytes = %u\n", rgd->rd_bitbytes);
}

/**
 * gfs2_compute_bitstructs - Compute the bitmap sizes
 * @rgd: The resource group descriptor
 *
 * Calculates bitmap descriptors, one for each block that contains bitmap data
 *
 * Returns: errno
 */

static int compute_bitstructs(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;
	struct gfs2_bitmap *bi;
	u32 length = rgd->rd_length; /* # blocks in hdr & bitmap */
	u32 bytes_left, bytes;
	int x;

	if (!length)
		return -EINVAL;

	rgd->rd_bits = kcalloc(length, sizeof(struct gfs2_bitmap), GFP_NOFS);
	if (!rgd->rd_bits)
		return -ENOMEM;

	bytes_left = rgd->rd_bitbytes;

	for (x = 0; x < length; x++) {
		bi = rgd->rd_bits + x;

		bi->bi_flags = 0;
		/* small rgrp; bitmap stored completely in header block */
		if (length == 1) {
			bytes = bytes_left;
			bi->bi_offset = sizeof(struct gfs2_rgrp);
			bi->bi_start = 0;
			bi->bi_len = bytes;
		/* header block */
		} else if (x == 0) {
			bytes = sdp->sd_sb.sb_bsize - sizeof(struct gfs2_rgrp);
			bi->bi_offset = sizeof(struct gfs2_rgrp);
			bi->bi_start = 0;
			bi->bi_len = bytes;
		/* last block */
		} else if (x + 1 == length) {
			bytes = bytes_left;
			bi->bi_offset = sizeof(struct gfs2_meta_header);
			bi->bi_start = rgd->rd_bitbytes - bytes_left;
			bi->bi_len = bytes;
		/* other blocks */
		} else {
			bytes = sdp->sd_sb.sb_bsize -
				sizeof(struct gfs2_meta_header);
			bi->bi_offset = sizeof(struct gfs2_meta_header);
			bi->bi_start = rgd->rd_bitbytes - bytes_left;
			bi->bi_len = bytes;
		}

		bytes_left -= bytes;
	}

	if (bytes_left) {
		gfs2_consist_rgrpd(rgd);
		return -EIO;
	}
	bi = rgd->rd_bits + (length - 1);
	if ((bi->bi_start + bi->bi_len) * GFS2_NBBY != rgd->rd_data) {
		if (gfs2_consist_rgrpd(rgd)) {
			gfs2_rindex_print(rgd);
			fs_err(sdp, "start=%u len=%u offset=%u\n",
			       bi->bi_start, bi->bi_len, bi->bi_offset);
		}
		return -EIO;
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * gfs2_ri_total - Total up the file system space, according to the rindex.
 * @sdp: the filesystem
 *
 */
u64 gfs2_ri_total(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp)
{
	u64 total_data = 0;	
	struct inode *inode = sdp->sd_rindex;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	char buf[sizeof(struct gfs2_rindex)];
	int error, rgrps;

	for (rgrps = 0;; rgrps++) {
		loff_t pos = rgrps * sizeof(struct gfs2_rindex);

		if (pos + sizeof(struct gfs2_rindex) > i_size_read(inode))
			break;
		error = gfs2_internal_read(ip, buf, &pos,
					   sizeof(struct gfs2_rindex));
		if (error != sizeof(struct gfs2_rindex))
			break;
		total_data += be32_to_cpu(((struct gfs2_rindex *)buf)->ri_data);
	}
	return total_data;
}

static int rgd_insert(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;
	struct rb_node **newn = &sdp->sd_rindex_tree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;

	/* Figure out where to put new node */
	while (*newn) {
		struct gfs2_rgrpd *cur = rb_entry(*newn, struct gfs2_rgrpd,
						  rd_node);

		parent = *newn;
		if (rgd->rd_addr < cur->rd_addr)
			newn = &((*newn)->rb_left);
		else if (rgd->rd_addr > cur->rd_addr)
			newn = &((*newn)->rb_right);
		else
			return -EEXIST;
	}

	rb_link_node(&rgd->rd_node, parent, newn);
	rb_insert_color(&rgd->rd_node, &sdp->sd_rindex_tree);
	sdp->sd_rgrps++;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * read_rindex_entry - Pull in a new resource index entry from the disk
 * @ip: Pointer to the rindex inode
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, > 0 on EOF, error code otherwise
 */

static int read_rindex_entry(struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(&ip->i_inode);
	loff_t pos = sdp->sd_rgrps * sizeof(struct gfs2_rindex);
	struct gfs2_rindex buf;
	int error;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;

	if (pos >= i_size_read(&ip->i_inode))
		return 1;

	error = gfs2_internal_read(ip, (char *)&buf, &pos,
				   sizeof(struct gfs2_rindex));

	if (error != sizeof(struct gfs2_rindex))
		return (error == 0) ? 1 : error;

	rgd = kmem_cache_zalloc(gfs2_rgrpd_cachep, GFP_NOFS);
	error = -ENOMEM;
	if (!rgd)
		return error;

	rgd->rd_sbd = sdp;
	rgd->rd_addr = be64_to_cpu(buf.ri_addr);
	rgd->rd_length = be32_to_cpu(buf.ri_length);
	rgd->rd_data0 = be64_to_cpu(buf.ri_data0);
	rgd->rd_data = be32_to_cpu(buf.ri_data);
	rgd->rd_bitbytes = be32_to_cpu(buf.ri_bitbytes);
	spin_lock_init(&rgd->rd_rsspin);

	error = compute_bitstructs(rgd);
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	error = gfs2_glock_get(sdp, rgd->rd_addr,
			       &gfs2_rgrp_glops, CREATE, &rgd->rd_gl);
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	rgd->rd_gl->gl_object = rgd;
	rgd->rd_rgl = (struct gfs2_rgrp_lvb *)rgd->rd_gl->gl_lksb.sb_lvbptr;
	rgd->rd_flags &= ~GFS2_RDF_UPTODATE;
	if (rgd->rd_data > sdp->sd_max_rg_data)
		sdp->sd_max_rg_data = rgd->rd_data;
	spin_lock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);
	error = rgd_insert(rgd);
	spin_unlock(&sdp->sd_rindex_spin);
	if (!error)
		return 0;

	error = 0; /* someone else read in the rgrp; free it and ignore it */
	gfs2_glock_put(rgd->rd_gl);

fail:
	kfree(rgd->rd_bits);
	kmem_cache_free(gfs2_rgrpd_cachep, rgd);
	return error;
}

/**
 * gfs2_ri_update - Pull in a new resource index from the disk
 * @ip: pointer to the rindex inode
 *
 * Returns: 0 on successful update, error code otherwise
 */

static int gfs2_ri_update(struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(&ip->i_inode);
	int error;

	do {
		error = read_rindex_entry(ip);
	} while (error == 0);

	if (error < 0)
		return error;

	sdp->sd_rindex_uptodate = 1;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rindex_update - Update the rindex if required
 * @sdp: The GFS2 superblock
 *
 * We grab a lock on the rindex inode to make sure that it doesn't
 * change whilst we are performing an operation. We keep this lock
 * for quite long periods of time compared to other locks. This
 * doesn't matter, since it is shared and it is very, very rarely
 * accessed in the exclusive mode (i.e. only when expanding the filesystem).
 *
 * This makes sure that we're using the latest copy of the resource index
 * special file, which might have been updated if someone expanded the
 * filesystem (via gfs2_grow utility), which adds new resource groups.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on succeess, error code otherwise
 */

int gfs2_rindex_update(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp)
{
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(sdp->sd_rindex);
	struct gfs2_glock *gl = ip->i_gl;
	struct gfs2_holder ri_gh;
	int error = 0;
	int unlock_required = 0;

	/* Read new copy from disk if we don't have the latest */
	if (!sdp->sd_rindex_uptodate) {
		if (!gfs2_glock_is_locked_by_me(gl)) {
			error = gfs2_glock_nq_init(gl, LM_ST_SHARED, 0, &ri_gh);
			if (error)
				return error;
			unlock_required = 1;
		}
		if (!sdp->sd_rindex_uptodate)
			error = gfs2_ri_update(ip);
		if (unlock_required)
			gfs2_glock_dq_uninit(&ri_gh);
	}

	return error;
}

static void gfs2_rgrp_in(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, const void *buf)
{
	const struct gfs2_rgrp *str = buf;
	u32 rg_flags;

	rg_flags = be32_to_cpu(str->rg_flags);
	rg_flags &= ~GFS2_RDF_MASK;
	rgd->rd_flags &= GFS2_RDF_MASK;
	rgd->rd_flags |= rg_flags;
	rgd->rd_free = be32_to_cpu(str->rg_free);
	rgd->rd_dinodes = be32_to_cpu(str->rg_dinodes);
	rgd->rd_igeneration = be64_to_cpu(str->rg_igeneration);
}

static void gfs2_rgrp_out(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, void *buf)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrp *str = buf;

	str->rg_flags = cpu_to_be32(rgd->rd_flags & ~GFS2_RDF_MASK);
	str->rg_free = cpu_to_be32(rgd->rd_free);
	str->rg_dinodes = cpu_to_be32(rgd->rd_dinodes);
	str->__pad = cpu_to_be32(0);
	str->rg_igeneration = cpu_to_be64(rgd->rd_igeneration);
	memset(&str->rg_reserved, 0, sizeof(str->rg_reserved));
}

static int gfs2_rgrp_lvb_valid(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrp_lvb *rgl = rgd->rd_rgl;
	struct gfs2_rgrp *str = (struct gfs2_rgrp *)rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data;

	if (rgl->rl_flags != str->rg_flags || rgl->rl_free != str->rg_free ||
	    rgl->rl_dinodes != str->rg_dinodes ||
	    rgl->rl_igeneration != str->rg_igeneration)
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

static void gfs2_rgrp_ondisk2lvb(struct gfs2_rgrp_lvb *rgl, const void *buf)
{
	const struct gfs2_rgrp *str = buf;

	rgl->rl_magic = cpu_to_be32(GFS2_MAGIC);
	rgl->rl_flags = str->rg_flags;
	rgl->rl_free = str->rg_free;
	rgl->rl_dinodes = str->rg_dinodes;
	rgl->rl_igeneration = str->rg_igeneration;
	rgl->__pad = 0UL;
}

static void update_rgrp_lvb_unlinked(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, u32 change)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrp_lvb *rgl = rgd->rd_rgl;
	u32 unlinked = be32_to_cpu(rgl->rl_unlinked) + change;
	rgl->rl_unlinked = cpu_to_be32(unlinked);
}

static u32 count_unlinked(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct gfs2_bitmap *bi;
	const u32 length = rgd->rd_length;
	const u8 *buffer = NULL;
	u32 i, goal, count = 0;

	for (i = 0, bi = rgd->rd_bits; i < length; i++, bi++) {
		goal = 0;
		buffer = bi->bi_bh->b_data + bi->bi_offset;
		WARN_ON(!buffer_uptodate(bi->bi_bh));
		while (goal < bi->bi_len * GFS2_NBBY) {
			goal = gfs2_bitfit(buffer, bi->bi_len, goal,
					   GFS2_BLKST_UNLINKED);
			if (goal == BFITNOENT)
				break;
			count++;
			goal++;
		}
	}

	return count;
}


/**
 * gfs2_rgrp_bh_get - Read in a RG's header and bitmaps
 * @rgd: the struct gfs2_rgrpd describing the RG to read in
 *
 * Read in all of a Resource Group's header and bitmap blocks.
 * Caller must eventually call gfs2_rgrp_relse() to free the bitmaps.
 *
 * Returns: errno
 */

int gfs2_rgrp_bh_get(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;
	struct gfs2_glock *gl = rgd->rd_gl;
	unsigned int length = rgd->rd_length;
	struct gfs2_bitmap *bi;
	unsigned int x, y;
	int error;

	if (rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh != NULL)
		return 0;

	for (x = 0; x < length; x++) {
		bi = rgd->rd_bits + x;
		error = gfs2_meta_read(gl, rgd->rd_addr + x, 0, &bi->bi_bh);
		if (error)
			goto fail;
	}

	for (y = length; y--;) {
		bi = rgd->rd_bits + y;
		error = gfs2_meta_wait(sdp, bi->bi_bh);
		if (error)
			goto fail;
		if (gfs2_metatype_check(sdp, bi->bi_bh, y ? GFS2_METATYPE_RB :
					      GFS2_METATYPE_RG)) {
			error = -EIO;
			goto fail;
		}
	}

	if (!(rgd->rd_flags & GFS2_RDF_UPTODATE)) {
		for (x = 0; x < length; x++)
			clear_bit(GBF_FULL, &rgd->rd_bits[x].bi_flags);
		gfs2_rgrp_in(rgd, (rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh)->b_data);
		rgd->rd_flags |= (GFS2_RDF_UPTODATE | GFS2_RDF_CHECK);
		rgd->rd_free_clone = rgd->rd_free;
	}
	if (be32_to_cpu(GFS2_MAGIC) != rgd->rd_rgl->rl_magic) {
		rgd->rd_rgl->rl_unlinked = cpu_to_be32(count_unlinked(rgd));
		gfs2_rgrp_ondisk2lvb(rgd->rd_rgl,
				     rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);
	}
	else if (sdp->sd_args.ar_rgrplvb) {
		if (!gfs2_rgrp_lvb_valid(rgd)){
			gfs2_consist_rgrpd(rgd);
			error = -EIO;
			goto fail;
		}
		if (rgd->rd_rgl->rl_unlinked == 0)
			rgd->rd_flags &= ~GFS2_RDF_CHECK;
	}
	return 0;

fail:
	while (x--) {
		bi = rgd->rd_bits + x;
		brelse(bi->bi_bh);
		bi->bi_bh = NULL;
		gfs2_assert_warn(sdp, !bi->bi_clone);
	}

	return error;
}

int update_rgrp_lvb(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	u32 rl_flags;

	if (rgd->rd_flags & GFS2_RDF_UPTODATE)
		return 0;

	if (be32_to_cpu(GFS2_MAGIC) != rgd->rd_rgl->rl_magic)
		return gfs2_rgrp_bh_get(rgd);

	rl_flags = be32_to_cpu(rgd->rd_rgl->rl_flags);
	rl_flags &= ~GFS2_RDF_MASK;
	rgd->rd_flags &= GFS2_RDF_MASK;
	rgd->rd_flags |= (rl_flags | GFS2_RDF_UPTODATE | GFS2_RDF_CHECK);
	if (rgd->rd_rgl->rl_unlinked == 0)
		rgd->rd_flags &= ~GFS2_RDF_CHECK;
	rgd->rd_free = be32_to_cpu(rgd->rd_rgl->rl_free);
	rgd->rd_free_clone = rgd->rd_free;
	rgd->rd_dinodes = be32_to_cpu(rgd->rd_rgl->rl_dinodes);
	rgd->rd_igeneration = be64_to_cpu(rgd->rd_rgl->rl_igeneration);
	return 0;
}

int gfs2_rgrp_go_lock(struct gfs2_holder *gh)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd = gh->gh_gl->gl_object;
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;

	if (gh->gh_flags & GL_SKIP && sdp->sd_args.ar_rgrplvb)
		return 0;
	return gfs2_rgrp_bh_get((struct gfs2_rgrpd *)gh->gh_gl->gl_object);
}

/**
 * gfs2_rgrp_go_unlock - Release RG bitmaps read in with gfs2_rgrp_bh_get()
 * @gh: The glock holder for the resource group
 *
 */

void gfs2_rgrp_go_unlock(struct gfs2_holder *gh)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd = gh->gh_gl->gl_object;
	int x, length = rgd->rd_length;

	for (x = 0; x < length; x++) {
		struct gfs2_bitmap *bi = rgd->rd_bits + x;
		if (bi->bi_bh) {
			brelse(bi->bi_bh);
			bi->bi_bh = NULL;
		}
	}

}

int gfs2_rgrp_send_discards(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp, u64 offset,
			     struct buffer_head *bh,
			     const struct gfs2_bitmap *bi, unsigned minlen, u64 *ptrimmed)
{
	struct super_block *sb = sdp->sd_vfs;
	u64 blk;
	sector_t start = 0;
	sector_t nr_blks = 0;
	int rv;
	unsigned int x;
	u32 trimmed = 0;
	u8 diff;

	for (x = 0; x < bi->bi_len; x++) {
		const u8 *clone = bi->bi_clone ? bi->bi_clone : bi->bi_bh->b_data;
		clone += bi->bi_offset;
		clone += x;
		if (bh) {
			const u8 *orig = bh->b_data + bi->bi_offset + x;
			diff = ~(*orig | (*orig >> 1)) & (*clone | (*clone >> 1));
		} else {
			diff = ~(*clone | (*clone >> 1));
		}
		diff &= 0x55;
		if (diff == 0)
			continue;
		blk = offset + ((bi->bi_start + x) * GFS2_NBBY);
		while(diff) {
			if (diff & 1) {
				if (nr_blks == 0)
					goto start_new_extent;
				if ((start + nr_blks) != blk) {
					if (nr_blks >= minlen) {
						rv = sb_issue_discard(sb,
							start, nr_blks,
							GFP_NOFS, 0);
						if (rv)
							goto fail;
						trimmed += nr_blks;
					}
					nr_blks = 0;
start_new_extent:
					start = blk;
				}
				nr_blks++;
			}
			diff >>= 2;
			blk++;
		}
	}
	if (nr_blks >= minlen) {
		rv = sb_issue_discard(sb, start, nr_blks, GFP_NOFS, 0);
		if (rv)
			goto fail;
		trimmed += nr_blks;
	}
	if (ptrimmed)
		*ptrimmed = trimmed;
	return 0;

fail:
	if (sdp->sd_args.ar_discard)
		fs_warn(sdp, "error %d on discard request, turning discards off for this filesystem", rv);
	sdp->sd_args.ar_discard = 0;
	return -EIO;
}

/**
 * gfs2_fitrim - Generate discard requests for unused bits of the filesystem
 * @filp: Any file on the filesystem
 * @argp: Pointer to the arguments (also used to pass result)
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise error code
 */

int gfs2_fitrim(struct file *filp, void __user *argp)
{
	struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
	struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(sdp->sd_vfs->s_bdev);
	struct buffer_head *bh;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd_end;
	struct gfs2_holder gh;
	struct fstrim_range r;
	int ret = 0;
	u64 amt;
	u64 trimmed = 0;
	u64 start, end, minlen;
	unsigned int x;
	unsigned bs_shift = sdp->sd_sb.sb_bsize_shift;

	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
		return -EPERM;

	if (!blk_queue_discard(q))
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

	if (copy_from_user(&r, argp, sizeof(r)))
		return -EFAULT;

	ret = gfs2_rindex_update(sdp);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	start = r.start >> bs_shift;
	end = start + (r.len >> bs_shift);
	minlen = max_t(u64, r.minlen,
		       q->limits.discard_granularity) >> bs_shift;

	if (end <= start || minlen > sdp->sd_max_rg_data)
		return -EINVAL;

	rgd = gfs2_blk2rgrpd(sdp, start, 0);
	rgd_end = gfs2_blk2rgrpd(sdp, end, 0);

	if ((gfs2_rgrpd_get_first(sdp) == gfs2_rgrpd_get_next(rgd_end))
	    && (start > rgd_end->rd_data0 + rgd_end->rd_data))
		return -EINVAL; /* start is beyond the end of the fs */

	while (1) {

		ret = gfs2_glock_nq_init(rgd->rd_gl, LM_ST_EXCLUSIVE, 0, &gh);
		if (ret)
			goto out;

		if (!(rgd->rd_flags & GFS2_RGF_TRIMMED)) {
			/* Trim each bitmap in the rgrp */
			for (x = 0; x < rgd->rd_length; x++) {
				struct gfs2_bitmap *bi = rgd->rd_bits + x;
				ret = gfs2_rgrp_send_discards(sdp,
						rgd->rd_data0, NULL, bi, minlen,
						&amt);
				if (ret) {
					gfs2_glock_dq_uninit(&gh);
					goto out;
				}
				trimmed += amt;
			}

			/* Mark rgrp as having been trimmed */
			ret = gfs2_trans_begin(sdp, RES_RG_HDR, 0);
			if (ret == 0) {
				bh = rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh;
				rgd->rd_flags |= GFS2_RGF_TRIMMED;
				gfs2_trans_add_meta(rgd->rd_gl, bh);
				gfs2_rgrp_out(rgd, bh->b_data);
				gfs2_rgrp_ondisk2lvb(rgd->rd_rgl, bh->b_data);
				gfs2_trans_end(sdp);
			}
		}
		gfs2_glock_dq_uninit(&gh);

		if (rgd == rgd_end)
			break;

		rgd = gfs2_rgrpd_get_next(rgd);
	}

out:
	r.len = trimmed << bs_shift;
	if (copy_to_user(argp, &r, sizeof(r)))
		return -EFAULT;

	return ret;
}

/**
 * rs_insert - insert a new multi-block reservation into the rgrp's rb_tree
 * @ip: the inode structure
 *
 */
static void rs_insert(struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	struct rb_node **newn, *parent = NULL;
	int rc;
	struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs = ip->i_res;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd = rs->rs_rbm.rgd;
	u64 fsblock = gfs2_rbm_to_block(&rs->rs_rbm);

	BUG_ON(gfs2_rs_active(rs));

	spin_lock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	newn = &rgd->rd_rstree.rb_node;
	while (*newn) {
		struct gfs2_blkreserv *cur =
			rb_entry(*newn, struct gfs2_blkreserv, rs_node);

		parent = *newn;
		rc = rs_cmp(fsblock, rs->rs_free, cur);
		if (rc > 0)
			newn = &((*newn)->rb_right);
		else if (rc < 0)
			newn = &((*newn)->rb_left);
		else {
			spin_unlock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
			WARN_ON(1);
			return;
		}
	}

	rb_link_node(&rs->rs_node, parent, newn);
	rb_insert_color(&rs->rs_node, &rgd->rd_rstree);

	/* Do our rgrp accounting for the reservation */
	rgd->rd_reserved += rs->rs_free; /* blocks reserved */
	spin_unlock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	trace_gfs2_rs(rs, TRACE_RS_INSERT);
}

/**
 * rg_mblk_search - find a group of multiple free blocks to form a reservation
 * @rgd: the resource group descriptor
 * @ip: pointer to the inode for which we're reserving blocks
 * @requested: number of blocks required for this allocation
 *
 */

static void rg_mblk_search(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, struct gfs2_inode *ip,
			   unsigned requested)
{
	struct gfs2_rbm rbm = { .rgd = rgd, };
	u64 goal;
	struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs = ip->i_res;
	u32 extlen;
	u32 free_blocks = rgd->rd_free_clone - rgd->rd_reserved;
	int ret;
	struct inode *inode = &ip->i_inode;

	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
		extlen = 1;
	else {
		extlen = max_t(u32, atomic_read(&rs->rs_sizehint), requested);
		extlen = clamp(extlen, RGRP_RSRV_MINBLKS, free_blocks);
	}
	if ((rgd->rd_free_clone < rgd->rd_reserved) || (free_blocks < extlen))
		return;

	/* Find bitmap block that contains bits for goal block */
	if (rgrp_contains_block(rgd, ip->i_goal))
		goal = ip->i_goal;
	else
		goal = rgd->rd_last_alloc + rgd->rd_data0;

	if (WARN_ON(gfs2_rbm_from_block(&rbm, goal)))
		return;

	ret = gfs2_rbm_find(&rbm, GFS2_BLKST_FREE, extlen, ip, true);
	if (ret == 0) {
		rs->rs_rbm = rbm;
		rs->rs_free = extlen;
		rs->rs_inum = ip->i_no_addr;
		rs_insert(ip);
	} else {
		if (goal == rgd->rd_last_alloc + rgd->rd_data0)
			rgd->rd_last_alloc = 0;
	}
}

/**
 * gfs2_next_unreserved_block - Return next block that is not reserved
 * @rgd: The resource group
 * @block: The starting block
 * @length: The required length
 * @ip: Ignore any reservations for this inode
 *
 * If the block does not appear in any reservation, then return the
 * block number unchanged. If it does appear in the reservation, then
 * keep looking through the tree of reservations in order to find the
 * first block number which is not reserved.
 */

static u64 gfs2_next_unreserved_block(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, u64 block,
				      u32 length,
				      const struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs;
	struct rb_node *n;
	int rc;

	spin_lock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	n = rgd->rd_rstree.rb_node;
	while (n) {
		rs = rb_entry(n, struct gfs2_blkreserv, rs_node);
		rc = rs_cmp(block, length, rs);
		if (rc < 0)
			n = n->rb_left;
		else if (rc > 0)
			n = n->rb_right;
		else
			break;
	}

	if (n) {
		while ((rs_cmp(block, length, rs) == 0) && (ip->i_res != rs)) {
			block = gfs2_rbm_to_block(&rs->rs_rbm) + rs->rs_free;
			n = n->rb_right;
			if (n == NULL)
				break;
			rs = rb_entry(n, struct gfs2_blkreserv, rs_node);
		}
	}

	spin_unlock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	return block;
}

/**
 * gfs2_reservation_check_and_update - Check for reservations during block alloc
 * @rbm: The current position in the resource group
 * @ip: The inode for which we are searching for blocks
 * @minext: The minimum extent length
 *
 * This checks the current position in the rgrp to see whether there is
 * a reservation covering this block. If not then this function is a
 * no-op. If there is, then the position is moved to the end of the
 * contiguous reservation(s) so that we are pointing at the first
 * non-reserved block.
 *
 * Returns: 0 if no reservation, 1 if @rbm has changed, otherwise an error
 */

static int gfs2_reservation_check_and_update(struct gfs2_rbm *rbm,
					     const struct gfs2_inode *ip,
					     u32 minext)
{
	u64 block = gfs2_rbm_to_block(rbm);
	u32 extlen = 1;
	u64 nblock;
	int ret;

	/*
	 * If we have a minimum extent length, then skip over any extent
	 * which is less than the min extent length in size.
	 */
	if (minext) {
		extlen = gfs2_free_extlen(rbm, minext);
		nblock = block + extlen;
		if (extlen < minext)
			goto fail;
	}

	/*
	 * Check the extent which has been found against the reservations
	 * and skip if parts of it are already reserved
	 */
	nblock = gfs2_next_unreserved_block(rbm->rgd, block, extlen, ip);
	if (nblock == block)
		return 0;
fail:
	ret = gfs2_rbm_from_block(rbm, nblock);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;
	return 1;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rbm_find - Look for blocks of a particular state
 * @rbm: Value/result starting position and final position
 * @state: The state which we want to find
 * @minext: The requested extent length (0 for a single block)
 * @ip: If set, check for reservations
 * @nowrap: Stop looking at the end of the rgrp, rather than wrapping
 *          around until we've reached the starting point.
 *
 * Side effects:
 * - If looking for free blocks, we set GBF_FULL on each bitmap which
 *   has no free blocks in it.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -ENOSPC if there is no block of the requested state
 */

static int gfs2_rbm_find(struct gfs2_rbm *rbm, u8 state, u32 minext,
			 const struct gfs2_inode *ip, bool nowrap)
{
	struct buffer_head *bh;
	struct gfs2_bitmap *initial_bi;
	u32 initial_offset;
	u32 offset;
	u8 *buffer;
	int index;
	int n = 0;
	int iters = rbm->rgd->rd_length;
	int ret;

	/* If we are not starting at the beginning of a bitmap, then we
	 * need to add one to the bitmap count to ensure that we search
	 * the starting bitmap twice.
	 */
	if (rbm->offset != 0)
		iters++;

	while(1) {
		if (test_bit(GBF_FULL, &rbm->bi->bi_flags) &&
		    (state == GFS2_BLKST_FREE))
			goto next_bitmap;

		bh = rbm->bi->bi_bh;
		buffer = bh->b_data + rbm->bi->bi_offset;
		WARN_ON(!buffer_uptodate(bh));
		if (state != GFS2_BLKST_UNLINKED && rbm->bi->bi_clone)
			buffer = rbm->bi->bi_clone + rbm->bi->bi_offset;
		initial_offset = rbm->offset;
		offset = gfs2_bitfit(buffer, rbm->bi->bi_len, rbm->offset, state);
		if (offset == BFITNOENT)
			goto bitmap_full;
		rbm->offset = offset;
		if (ip == NULL)
			return 0;

		initial_bi = rbm->bi;
		ret = gfs2_reservation_check_and_update(rbm, ip, minext);
		if (ret == 0)
			return 0;
		if (ret > 0) {
			n += (rbm->bi - initial_bi);
			goto next_iter;
		}
		if (ret == -E2BIG) {
			index = 0;
			rbm->offset = 0;
			n += (rbm->bi - initial_bi);
			goto res_covered_end_of_rgrp;
		}
		return ret;

bitmap_full:	/* Mark bitmap as full and fall through */
		if ((state == GFS2_BLKST_FREE) && initial_offset == 0)
			set_bit(GBF_FULL, &rbm->bi->bi_flags);

next_bitmap:	/* Find next bitmap in the rgrp */
		rbm->offset = 0;
		index = rbm->bi - rbm->rgd->rd_bits;
		index++;
		if (index == rbm->rgd->rd_length)
			index = 0;
res_covered_end_of_rgrp:
		rbm->bi = &rbm->rgd->rd_bits[index];
		if ((index == 0) && nowrap)
			break;
		n++;
next_iter:
		if (n >= iters)
			break;
	}

	return -ENOSPC;
}

/**
 * try_rgrp_unlink - Look for any unlinked, allocated, but unused inodes
 * @rgd: The rgrp
 * @last_unlinked: block address of the last dinode we unlinked
 * @skip: block address we should explicitly not unlink
 *
 * Returns: 0 if no error
 *          The inode, if one has been found, in inode.
 */

static void try_rgrp_unlink(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, u64 *last_unlinked, u64 skip)
{
	u64 block;
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;
	struct gfs2_glock *gl;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip;
	int error;
	int found = 0;
	struct gfs2_rbm rbm = { .rgd = rgd, .bi = rgd->rd_bits, .offset = 0 };

	while (1) {
		down_write(&sdp->sd_log_flush_lock);
		error = gfs2_rbm_find(&rbm, GFS2_BLKST_UNLINKED, 0, NULL, true);
		up_write(&sdp->sd_log_flush_lock);
		if (error == -ENOSPC)
			break;
		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(error))
			break;

		block = gfs2_rbm_to_block(&rbm);
		if (gfs2_rbm_from_block(&rbm, block + 1))
			break;
		if (*last_unlinked != NO_BLOCK && block <= *last_unlinked)
			continue;
		if (block == skip)
			continue;
		*last_unlinked = block;

		error = gfs2_glock_get(sdp, block, &gfs2_inode_glops, CREATE, &gl);
		if (error)
			continue;

		/* If the inode is already in cache, we can ignore it here
		 * because the existing inode disposal code will deal with
		 * it when all refs have gone away. Accessing gl_object like
		 * this is not safe in general. Here it is ok because we do
		 * not dereference the pointer, and we only need an approx
		 * answer to whether it is NULL or not.
		 */
		ip = gl->gl_object;

		if (ip || queue_work(gfs2_delete_workqueue, &gl->gl_delete) == 0)
			gfs2_glock_put(gl);
		else
			found++;

		/* Limit reclaim to sensible number of tasks */
		if (found > NR_CPUS)
			return;
	}

	rgd->rd_flags &= ~GFS2_RDF_CHECK;
	return;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rgrp_congested - Use stats to figure out whether an rgrp is congested
 * @rgd: The rgrp in question
 * @loops: An indication of how picky we can be (0=very, 1=less so)
 *
 * This function uses the recently added glock statistics in order to
 * figure out whether a parciular resource group is suffering from
 * contention from multiple nodes. This is done purely on the basis
 * of timings, since this is the only data we have to work with and
 * our aim here is to reject a resource group which is highly contended
 * but (very important) not to do this too often in order to ensure that
 * we do not land up introducing fragmentation by changing resource
 * groups when not actually required.
 *
 * The calculation is fairly simple, we want to know whether the SRTTB
 * (i.e. smoothed round trip time for blocking operations) to acquire
 * the lock for this rgrp's glock is significantly greater than the
 * time taken for resource groups on average. We introduce a margin in
 * the form of the variable @var which is computed as the sum of the two
 * respective variences, and multiplied by a factor depending on @loops
 * and whether we have a lot of data to base the decision on. This is
 * then tested against the square difference of the means in order to
 * decide whether the result is statistically significant or not.
 *
 * Returns: A boolean verdict on the congestion status
 */

static bool gfs2_rgrp_congested(const struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, int loops)
{
	const struct gfs2_glock *gl = rgd->rd_gl;
	const struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = gl->gl_sbd;
	struct gfs2_lkstats *st;
	s64 r_dcount, l_dcount;
	s64 r_srttb, l_srttb;
	s64 srttb_diff;
	s64 sqr_diff;
	s64 var;

	preempt_disable();
	st = &this_cpu_ptr(sdp->sd_lkstats)->lkstats[LM_TYPE_RGRP];
	r_srttb = st->stats[GFS2_LKS_SRTTB];
	r_dcount = st->stats[GFS2_LKS_DCOUNT];
	var = st->stats[GFS2_LKS_SRTTVARB] +
	      gl->gl_stats.stats[GFS2_LKS_SRTTVARB];
	preempt_enable();

	l_srttb = gl->gl_stats.stats[GFS2_LKS_SRTTB];
	l_dcount = gl->gl_stats.stats[GFS2_LKS_DCOUNT];

	if ((l_dcount < 1) || (r_dcount < 1) || (r_srttb == 0))
		return false;

	srttb_diff = r_srttb - l_srttb;
	sqr_diff = srttb_diff * srttb_diff;

	var *= 2;
	if (l_dcount < 8 || r_dcount < 8)
		var *= 2;
	if (loops == 1)
		var *= 2;

	return ((srttb_diff < 0) && (sqr_diff > var));
}

/**
 * gfs2_rgrp_used_recently
 * @rs: The block reservation with the rgrp to test
 * @msecs: The time limit in milliseconds
 *
 * Returns: True if the rgrp glock has been used within the time limit
 */
static bool gfs2_rgrp_used_recently(const struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs,
				    u64 msecs)
{
	u64 tdiff;

	tdiff = ktime_to_ns(ktime_sub(ktime_get_real(),
                            rs->rs_rbm.rgd->rd_gl->gl_dstamp));

	return tdiff > (msecs * 1000 * 1000);
}

static u32 gfs2_orlov_skip(const struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	const struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(&ip->i_inode);
	u32 skip;

	get_random_bytes(&skip, sizeof(skip));
	return skip % sdp->sd_rgrps;
}

static bool gfs2_select_rgrp(struct gfs2_rgrpd **pos, const struct gfs2_rgrpd *begin)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd = *pos;
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;

	rgd = gfs2_rgrpd_get_next(rgd);
	if (rgd == NULL)
		rgd = gfs2_rgrpd_get_first(sdp);
	*pos = rgd;
	if (rgd != begin) /* If we didn't wrap */
		return true;
	return false;
}

/**
 * gfs2_inplace_reserve - Reserve space in the filesystem
 * @ip: the inode to reserve space for
 * @requested: the number of blocks to be reserved
 *
 * Returns: errno
 */

int gfs2_inplace_reserve(struct gfs2_inode *ip, u32 requested, u32 aflags)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(&ip->i_inode);
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *begin = NULL;
	struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs = ip->i_res;
	int error = 0, rg_locked, flags = 0;
	u64 last_unlinked = NO_BLOCK;
	int loops = 0;
	u32 skip = 0;

	if (sdp->sd_args.ar_rgrplvb)
		flags |= GL_SKIP;
	if (gfs2_assert_warn(sdp, requested))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (gfs2_rs_active(rs)) {
		begin = rs->rs_rbm.rgd;
		flags = 0; /* Yoda: Do or do not. There is no try */
	} else if (ip->i_rgd && rgrp_contains_block(ip->i_rgd, ip->i_goal)) {
		rs->rs_rbm.rgd = begin = ip->i_rgd;
	} else {
		rs->rs_rbm.rgd = begin = gfs2_blk2rgrpd(sdp, ip->i_goal, 1);
	}
	if (S_ISDIR(ip->i_inode.i_mode) && (aflags & GFS2_AF_ORLOV))
		skip = gfs2_orlov_skip(ip);
	if (rs->rs_rbm.rgd == NULL)
		return -EBADSLT;

	while (loops < 3) {
		rg_locked = 1;

		if (!gfs2_glock_is_locked_by_me(rs->rs_rbm.rgd->rd_gl)) {
			rg_locked = 0;
			if (skip && skip--)
				goto next_rgrp;
			if (!gfs2_rs_active(rs) && (loops < 2) &&
			     gfs2_rgrp_used_recently(rs, 1000) &&
			     gfs2_rgrp_congested(rs->rs_rbm.rgd, loops))
				goto next_rgrp;
			error = gfs2_glock_nq_init(rs->rs_rbm.rgd->rd_gl,
						   LM_ST_EXCLUSIVE, flags,
						   &rs->rs_rgd_gh);
			if (unlikely(error))
				return error;
			if (!gfs2_rs_active(rs) && (loops < 2) &&
			    gfs2_rgrp_congested(rs->rs_rbm.rgd, loops))
				goto skip_rgrp;
			if (sdp->sd_args.ar_rgrplvb) {
				error = update_rgrp_lvb(rs->rs_rbm.rgd);
				if (unlikely(error)) {
					gfs2_glock_dq_uninit(&rs->rs_rgd_gh);
					return error;
				}
			}
		}

		/* Skip unuseable resource groups */
		if (rs->rs_rbm.rgd->rd_flags & (GFS2_RGF_NOALLOC | GFS2_RDF_ERROR))
			goto skip_rgrp;

		if (sdp->sd_args.ar_rgrplvb)
			gfs2_rgrp_bh_get(rs->rs_rbm.rgd);

		/* Get a reservation if we don't already have one */
		if (!gfs2_rs_active(rs))
			rg_mblk_search(rs->rs_rbm.rgd, ip, requested);

		/* Skip rgrps when we can't get a reservation on first pass */
		if (!gfs2_rs_active(rs) && (loops < 1))
			goto check_rgrp;

		/* If rgrp has enough free space, use it */
		if (rs->rs_rbm.rgd->rd_free_clone >= requested) {
			ip->i_rgd = rs->rs_rbm.rgd;
			return 0;
		}

		/* Drop reservation, if we couldn't use reserved rgrp */
		if (gfs2_rs_active(rs))
			gfs2_rs_deltree(rs);
check_rgrp:
		/* Check for unlinked inodes which can be reclaimed */
		if (rs->rs_rbm.rgd->rd_flags & GFS2_RDF_CHECK)
			try_rgrp_unlink(rs->rs_rbm.rgd, &last_unlinked,
					ip->i_no_addr);
skip_rgrp:
		/* Unlock rgrp if required */
		if (!rg_locked)
			gfs2_glock_dq_uninit(&rs->rs_rgd_gh);
next_rgrp:
		/* Find the next rgrp, and continue looking */
		if (gfs2_select_rgrp(&rs->rs_rbm.rgd, begin))
			continue;
		if (skip)
			continue;

		/* If we've scanned all the rgrps, but found no free blocks
		 * then this checks for some less likely conditions before
		 * trying again.
		 */
		loops++;
		/* Check that fs hasn't grown if writing to rindex */
		if (ip == GFS2_I(sdp->sd_rindex) && !sdp->sd_rindex_uptodate) {
			error = gfs2_ri_update(ip);
			if (error)
				return error;
		}
		/* Flushing the log may release space */
		if (loops == 2)
			gfs2_log_flush(sdp, NULL);
	}

	return -ENOSPC;
}

/**
 * gfs2_inplace_release - release an inplace reservation
 * @ip: the inode the reservation was taken out on
 *
 * Release a reservation made by gfs2_inplace_reserve().
 */

void gfs2_inplace_release(struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs = ip->i_res;

	if (rs->rs_rgd_gh.gh_gl)
		gfs2_glock_dq_uninit(&rs->rs_rgd_gh);
}

/**
 * gfs2_get_block_type - Check a block in a RG is of given type
 * @rgd: the resource group holding the block
 * @block: the block number
 *
 * Returns: The block type (GFS2_BLKST_*)
 */

static unsigned char gfs2_get_block_type(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, u64 block)
{
	struct gfs2_rbm rbm = { .rgd = rgd, };
	int ret;

	ret = gfs2_rbm_from_block(&rbm, block);
	WARN_ON_ONCE(ret != 0);

	return gfs2_testbit(&rbm);
}


/**
 * gfs2_alloc_extent - allocate an extent from a given bitmap
 * @rbm: the resource group information
 * @dinode: TRUE if the first block we allocate is for a dinode
 * @n: The extent length (value/result)
 *
 * Add the bitmap buffer to the transaction.
 * Set the found bits to @new_state to change block's allocation state.
 */
static void gfs2_alloc_extent(const struct gfs2_rbm *rbm, bool dinode,
			     unsigned int *n)
{
	struct gfs2_rbm pos = { .rgd = rbm->rgd, };
	const unsigned int elen = *n;
	u64 block;
	int ret;

	*n = 1;
	block = gfs2_rbm_to_block(rbm);
	gfs2_trans_add_meta(rbm->rgd->rd_gl, rbm->bi->bi_bh);
	gfs2_setbit(rbm, true, dinode ? GFS2_BLKST_DINODE : GFS2_BLKST_USED);
	block++;
	while (*n < elen) {
		ret = gfs2_rbm_from_block(&pos, block);
		if (ret || gfs2_testbit(&pos) != GFS2_BLKST_FREE)
			break;
		gfs2_trans_add_meta(pos.rgd->rd_gl, pos.bi->bi_bh);
		gfs2_setbit(&pos, true, GFS2_BLKST_USED);
		(*n)++;
		block++;
	}
}

/**
 * rgblk_free - Change alloc state of given block(s)
 * @sdp: the filesystem
 * @bstart: the start of a run of blocks to free
 * @blen: the length of the block run (all must lie within ONE RG!)
 * @new_state: GFS2_BLKST_XXX the after-allocation block state
 *
 * Returns:  Resource group containing the block(s)
 */

static struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgblk_free(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp, u64 bstart,
				     u32 blen, unsigned char new_state)
{
	struct gfs2_rbm rbm;

	rbm.rgd = gfs2_blk2rgrpd(sdp, bstart, 1);
	if (!rbm.rgd) {
		if (gfs2_consist(sdp))
			fs_err(sdp, "block = %llu\n", (unsigned long long)bstart);
		return NULL;
	}

	while (blen--) {
		gfs2_rbm_from_block(&rbm, bstart);
		bstart++;
		if (!rbm.bi->bi_clone) {
			rbm.bi->bi_clone = kmalloc(rbm.bi->bi_bh->b_size,
						   GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);
			memcpy(rbm.bi->bi_clone + rbm.bi->bi_offset,
			       rbm.bi->bi_bh->b_data + rbm.bi->bi_offset,
			       rbm.bi->bi_len);
		}
		gfs2_trans_add_meta(rbm.rgd->rd_gl, rbm.bi->bi_bh);
		gfs2_setbit(&rbm, false, new_state);
	}

	return rbm.rgd;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rgrp_dump - print out an rgrp
 * @seq: The iterator
 * @gl: The glock in question
 *
 */

int gfs2_rgrp_dump(struct seq_file *seq, const struct gfs2_glock *gl)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd = gl->gl_object;
	struct gfs2_blkreserv *trs;
	const struct rb_node *n;

	if (rgd == NULL)
		return 0;
	gfs2_print_dbg(seq, " R: n:%llu f:%02x b:%u/%u i:%u r:%u\n",
		       (unsigned long long)rgd->rd_addr, rgd->rd_flags,
		       rgd->rd_free, rgd->rd_free_clone, rgd->rd_dinodes,
		       rgd->rd_reserved);
	spin_lock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	for (n = rb_first(&rgd->rd_rstree); n; n = rb_next(&trs->rs_node)) {
		trs = rb_entry(n, struct gfs2_blkreserv, rs_node);
		dump_rs(seq, trs);
	}
	spin_unlock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	return 0;
}

static void gfs2_rgrp_error(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;
	fs_warn(sdp, "rgrp %llu has an error, marking it readonly until umount\n",
		(unsigned long long)rgd->rd_addr);
	fs_warn(sdp, "umount on all nodes and run fsck.gfs2 to fix the error\n");
	gfs2_rgrp_dump(NULL, rgd->rd_gl);
	rgd->rd_flags |= GFS2_RDF_ERROR;
}

/**
 * gfs2_adjust_reservation - Adjust (or remove) a reservation after allocation
 * @ip: The inode we have just allocated blocks for
 * @rbm: The start of the allocated blocks
 * @len: The extent length
 *
 * Adjusts a reservation after an allocation has taken place. If the
 * reservation does not match the allocation, or if it is now empty
 * then it is removed.
 */

static void gfs2_adjust_reservation(struct gfs2_inode *ip,
				    const struct gfs2_rbm *rbm, unsigned len)
{
	struct gfs2_blkreserv *rs = ip->i_res;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd = rbm->rgd;
	unsigned rlen;
	u64 block;
	int ret;

	spin_lock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
	if (gfs2_rs_active(rs)) {
		if (gfs2_rbm_eq(&rs->rs_rbm, rbm)) {
			block = gfs2_rbm_to_block(rbm);
			ret = gfs2_rbm_from_block(&rs->rs_rbm, block + len);
			rlen = min(rs->rs_free, len);
			rs->rs_free -= rlen;
			rgd->rd_reserved -= rlen;
			trace_gfs2_rs(rs, TRACE_RS_CLAIM);
			if (rs->rs_free && !ret)
				goto out;
		}
		__rs_deltree(rs);
	}
out:
	spin_unlock(&rgd->rd_rsspin);
}

/**
 * gfs2_alloc_blocks - Allocate one or more blocks of data and/or a dinode
 * @ip: the inode to allocate the block for
 * @bn: Used to return the starting block number
 * @nblocks: requested number of blocks/extent length (value/result)
 * @dinode: 1 if we're allocating a dinode block, else 0
 * @generation: the generation number of the inode
 *
 * Returns: 0 or error
 */

int gfs2_alloc_blocks(struct gfs2_inode *ip, u64 *bn, unsigned int *nblocks,
		      bool dinode, u64 *generation)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(&ip->i_inode);
	struct buffer_head *dibh;
	struct gfs2_rbm rbm = { .rgd = ip->i_rgd, };
	unsigned int ndata;
	u64 goal;
	u64 block; /* block, within the file system scope */
	int error;

	if (gfs2_rs_active(ip->i_res))
		goal = gfs2_rbm_to_block(&ip->i_res->rs_rbm);
	else if (!dinode && rgrp_contains_block(rbm.rgd, ip->i_goal))
		goal = ip->i_goal;
	else
		goal = rbm.rgd->rd_last_alloc + rbm.rgd->rd_data0;

	gfs2_rbm_from_block(&rbm, goal);
	error = gfs2_rbm_find(&rbm, GFS2_BLKST_FREE, 0, ip, false);

	if (error == -ENOSPC) {
		gfs2_rbm_from_block(&rbm, goal);
		error = gfs2_rbm_find(&rbm, GFS2_BLKST_FREE, 0, NULL, false);
	}

	/* Since all blocks are reserved in advance, this shouldn't happen */
	if (error) {
		fs_warn(sdp, "inum=%llu error=%d, nblocks=%u, full=%d\n",
			(unsigned long long)ip->i_no_addr, error, *nblocks,
			test_bit(GBF_FULL, &rbm.rgd->rd_bits->bi_flags));
		goto rgrp_error;
	}

	gfs2_alloc_extent(&rbm, dinode, nblocks);
	block = gfs2_rbm_to_block(&rbm);
	rbm.rgd->rd_last_alloc = block - rbm.rgd->rd_data0;
	if (gfs2_rs_active(ip->i_res))
		gfs2_adjust_reservation(ip, &rbm, *nblocks);
	ndata = *nblocks;
	if (dinode)
		ndata--;

	if (!dinode) {
		ip->i_goal = block + ndata - 1;
		error = gfs2_meta_inode_buffer(ip, &dibh);
		if (error == 0) {
			struct gfs2_dinode *di =
				(struct gfs2_dinode *)dibh->b_data;
			gfs2_trans_add_meta(ip->i_gl, dibh);
			di->di_goal_meta = di->di_goal_data =
				cpu_to_be64(ip->i_goal);
			brelse(dibh);
		}
	}
	if (rbm.rgd->rd_free < *nblocks) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "nblocks=%u\n", *nblocks);
		goto rgrp_error;
	}

	rbm.rgd->rd_free -= *nblocks;
	if (dinode) {
		rbm.rgd->rd_dinodes++;
		*generation = rbm.rgd->rd_igeneration++;
		if (*generation == 0)
			*generation = rbm.rgd->rd_igeneration++;
	}

	gfs2_trans_add_meta(rbm.rgd->rd_gl, rbm.rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh);
	gfs2_rgrp_out(rbm.rgd, rbm.rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);
	gfs2_rgrp_ondisk2lvb(rbm.rgd->rd_rgl, rbm.rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);

	gfs2_statfs_change(sdp, 0, -(s64)*nblocks, dinode ? 1 : 0);
	if (dinode)
		gfs2_trans_add_unrevoke(sdp, block, 1);

	gfs2_quota_change(ip, *nblocks, ip->i_inode.i_uid, ip->i_inode.i_gid);

	rbm.rgd->rd_free_clone -= *nblocks;
	trace_gfs2_block_alloc(ip, rbm.rgd, block, *nblocks,
			       dinode ? GFS2_BLKST_DINODE : GFS2_BLKST_USED);
	*bn = block;
	return 0;

rgrp_error:
	gfs2_rgrp_error(rbm.rgd);
	return -EIO;
}

/**
 * __gfs2_free_blocks - free a contiguous run of block(s)
 * @ip: the inode these blocks are being freed from
 * @bstart: first block of a run of contiguous blocks
 * @blen: the length of the block run
 * @meta: 1 if the blocks represent metadata
 *
 */

void __gfs2_free_blocks(struct gfs2_inode *ip, u64 bstart, u32 blen, int meta)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(&ip->i_inode);
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;

	rgd = rgblk_free(sdp, bstart, blen, GFS2_BLKST_FREE);
	if (!rgd)
		return;
	trace_gfs2_block_alloc(ip, rgd, bstart, blen, GFS2_BLKST_FREE);
	rgd->rd_free += blen;
	rgd->rd_flags &= ~GFS2_RGF_TRIMMED;
	gfs2_trans_add_meta(rgd->rd_gl, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh);
	gfs2_rgrp_out(rgd, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);
	gfs2_rgrp_ondisk2lvb(rgd->rd_rgl, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);

	/* Directories keep their data in the metadata address space */
	if (meta || ip->i_depth)
		gfs2_meta_wipe(ip, bstart, blen);
}

/**
 * gfs2_free_meta - free a contiguous run of data block(s)
 * @ip: the inode these blocks are being freed from
 * @bstart: first block of a run of contiguous blocks
 * @blen: the length of the block run
 *
 */

void gfs2_free_meta(struct gfs2_inode *ip, u64 bstart, u32 blen)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(&ip->i_inode);

	__gfs2_free_blocks(ip, bstart, blen, 1);
	gfs2_statfs_change(sdp, 0, +blen, 0);
	gfs2_quota_change(ip, -(s64)blen, ip->i_inode.i_uid, ip->i_inode.i_gid);
}

void gfs2_unlink_di(struct inode *inode)
{
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;
	u64 blkno = ip->i_no_addr;

	rgd = rgblk_free(sdp, blkno, 1, GFS2_BLKST_UNLINKED);
	if (!rgd)
		return;
	trace_gfs2_block_alloc(ip, rgd, blkno, 1, GFS2_BLKST_UNLINKED);
	gfs2_trans_add_meta(rgd->rd_gl, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh);
	gfs2_rgrp_out(rgd, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);
	gfs2_rgrp_ondisk2lvb(rgd->rd_rgl, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);
	update_rgrp_lvb_unlinked(rgd, 1);
}

static void gfs2_free_uninit_di(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, u64 blkno)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = rgd->rd_sbd;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *tmp_rgd;

	tmp_rgd = rgblk_free(sdp, blkno, 1, GFS2_BLKST_FREE);
	if (!tmp_rgd)
		return;
	gfs2_assert_withdraw(sdp, rgd == tmp_rgd);

	if (!rgd->rd_dinodes)
		gfs2_consist_rgrpd(rgd);
	rgd->rd_dinodes--;
	rgd->rd_free++;

	gfs2_trans_add_meta(rgd->rd_gl, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh);
	gfs2_rgrp_out(rgd, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);
	gfs2_rgrp_ondisk2lvb(rgd->rd_rgl, rgd->rd_bits[0].bi_bh->b_data);
	update_rgrp_lvb_unlinked(rgd, -1);

	gfs2_statfs_change(sdp, 0, +1, -1);
}


void gfs2_free_di(struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd, struct gfs2_inode *ip)
{
	gfs2_free_uninit_di(rgd, ip->i_no_addr);
	trace_gfs2_block_alloc(ip, rgd, ip->i_no_addr, 1, GFS2_BLKST_FREE);
	gfs2_quota_change(ip, -1, ip->i_inode.i_uid, ip->i_inode.i_gid);
	gfs2_meta_wipe(ip, ip->i_no_addr, 1);
}

/**
 * gfs2_check_blk_type - Check the type of a block
 * @sdp: The superblock
 * @no_addr: The block number to check
 * @type: The block type we are looking for
 *
 * Returns: 0 if the block type matches the expected type
 *          -ESTALE if it doesn't match
 *          or -ve errno if something went wrong while checking
 */

int gfs2_check_blk_type(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp, u64 no_addr, unsigned int type)
{
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;
	struct gfs2_holder rgd_gh;
	int error = -EINVAL;

	rgd = gfs2_blk2rgrpd(sdp, no_addr, 1);
	if (!rgd)
		goto fail;

	error = gfs2_glock_nq_init(rgd->rd_gl, LM_ST_SHARED, 0, &rgd_gh);
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	if (gfs2_get_block_type(rgd, no_addr) != type)
		error = -ESTALE;

	gfs2_glock_dq_uninit(&rgd_gh);
fail:
	return error;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rlist_add - add a RG to a list of RGs
 * @ip: the inode
 * @rlist: the list of resource groups
 * @block: the block
 *
 * Figure out what RG a block belongs to and add that RG to the list
 *
 * FIXME: Don't use NOFAIL
 *
 */

void gfs2_rlist_add(struct gfs2_inode *ip, struct gfs2_rgrp_list *rlist,
		    u64 block)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(&ip->i_inode);
	struct gfs2_rgrpd *rgd;
	struct gfs2_rgrpd **tmp;
	unsigned int new_space;
	unsigned int x;

	if (gfs2_assert_warn(sdp, !rlist->rl_ghs))
		return;

	if (ip->i_rgd && rgrp_contains_block(ip->i_rgd, block))
		rgd = ip->i_rgd;
	else
		rgd = gfs2_blk2rgrpd(sdp, block, 1);
	if (!rgd) {
		fs_err(sdp, "rlist_add: no rgrp for block %llu\n", (unsigned long long)block);
		return;
	}
	ip->i_rgd = rgd;

	for (x = 0; x < rlist->rl_rgrps; x++)
		if (rlist->rl_rgd[x] == rgd)
			return;

	if (rlist->rl_rgrps == rlist->rl_space) {
		new_space = rlist->rl_space + 10;

		tmp = kcalloc(new_space, sizeof(struct gfs2_rgrpd *),
			      GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);

		if (rlist->rl_rgd) {
			memcpy(tmp, rlist->rl_rgd,
			       rlist->rl_space * sizeof(struct gfs2_rgrpd *));
			kfree(rlist->rl_rgd);
		}

		rlist->rl_space = new_space;
		rlist->rl_rgd = tmp;
	}

	rlist->rl_rgd[rlist->rl_rgrps++] = rgd;
}

/**
 * gfs2_rlist_alloc - all RGs have been added to the rlist, now allocate
 *      and initialize an array of glock holders for them
 * @rlist: the list of resource groups
 * @state: the lock state to acquire the RG lock in
 *
 * FIXME: Don't use NOFAIL
 *
 */

void gfs2_rlist_alloc(struct gfs2_rgrp_list *rlist, unsigned int state)
{
	unsigned int x;

	rlist->rl_ghs = kcalloc(rlist->rl_rgrps, sizeof(struct gfs2_holder),
				GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);
	for (x = 0; x < rlist->rl_rgrps; x++)
		gfs2_holder_init(rlist->rl_rgd[x]->rd_gl,
				state, 0,
				&rlist->rl_ghs[x]);
}

/**
 * gfs2_rlist_free - free a resource group list
 * @list: the list of resource groups
 *
 */

void gfs2_rlist_free(struct gfs2_rgrp_list *rlist)
{
	unsigned int x;

	kfree(rlist->rl_rgd);

	if (rlist->rl_ghs) {
		for (x = 0; x < rlist->rl_rgrps; x++)
			gfs2_holder_uninit(&rlist->rl_ghs[x]);
		kfree(rlist->rl_ghs);
		rlist->rl_ghs = NULL;
	}
}