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bd74fdaea1
To further exploit spatial locality, the aging prefers to walk page tables
to search for young PTEs and promote hot pages. A kill switch will be
added in the next patch to disable this behavior. When disabled, the
aging relies on the rmap only.
NB: this behavior has nothing similar with the page table scanning in the
2.4 kernel [1], which searches page tables for old PTEs, adds cold pages
to swapcache and unmaps them.
To avoid confusion, the term "iteration" specifically means the traversal
of an entire mm_struct list; the term "walk" will be applied to page
tables and the rmap, as usual.
An mm_struct list is maintained for each memcg, and an mm_struct follows
its owner task to the new memcg when this task is migrated. Given an
lruvec, the aging iterates lruvec_memcg()->mm_list and calls
walk_page_range() with each mm_struct on this list to promote hot pages
before it increments max_seq.
When multiple page table walkers iterate the same list, each of them gets
a unique mm_struct; therefore they can run concurrently. Page table
walkers ignore any misplaced pages, e.g., if an mm_struct was migrated,
pages it left in the previous memcg will not be promoted when its current
memcg is under reclaim. Similarly, page table walkers will not promote
pages from nodes other than the one under reclaim.
This patch uses the following optimizations when walking page tables:
1. It tracks the usage of mm_struct's between context switches so that
page table walkers can skip processes that have been sleeping since
the last iteration.
2. It uses generational Bloom filters to record populated branches so
that page table walkers can reduce their search space based on the
query results, e.g., to skip page tables containing mostly holes or
misplaced pages.
3. It takes advantage of the accessed bit in non-leaf PMD entries when
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG=y.
4. It does not zigzag between a PGD table and the same PMD table
spanning multiple VMAs. IOW, it finishes all the VMAs within the
range of the same PMD table before it returns to a PGD table. This
improves the cache performance for workloads that have large
numbers of tiny VMAs [2], especially when CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS=5.
Server benchmark results:
Single workload:
fio (buffered I/O): no change
Single workload:
memcached (anon): +[8, 10]%
Ops/sec KB/sec
patch1-7: 1147696.57 44640.29
patch1-8: 1245274.91 48435.66
Configurations:
no change
Client benchmark results:
kswapd profiles:
patch1-7
48.16% lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work)
8.20% page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead)
7.06% _raw_spin_unlock_irq
2.92% ptep_clear_flush
2.53% __zram_bvec_write
2.11% do_raw_spin_lock
2.02% memmove
1.93% lru_gen_look_around
1.56% free_unref_page_list
1.40% memset
patch1-8
49.44% lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work)
6.19% page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead)
5.97% _raw_spin_unlock_irq
3.13% get_pfn_folio
2.85% ptep_clear_flush
2.42% __zram_bvec_write
2.08% do_raw_spin_lock
1.92% memmove
1.44% alloc_zspage
1.36% memset
Configurations:
no change
Thanks to the following developers for their efforts [3].
kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/23732/
[2] https://llvm.org/docs/ScudoHardenedAllocator.html
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/202204160827.ekEARWQo-lkp@intel.com/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220918080010.2920238-9-yuzhao@google.com
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Acked-by: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) <heftig@archlinux.org>
Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name>
Acked-by: Steven Barrett <steven@liquorix.net>
Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Byrne <djbyrne@mtu.edu>
Tested-by: Donald Carr <d@chaos-reins.com>
Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte <holger@applied-asynchrony.com>
Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov <Hi-Angel@yandex.ru>
Tested-by: Shuang Zhai <szhai2@cs.rochester.edu>
Tested-by: Sofia Trinh <sofia.trinh@edi.works>
Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Michael Larabel <Michael@MichaelLarabel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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| adfs | ||
| affs | ||
| afs | ||
| autofs | ||
| befs | ||
| bfs | ||
| btrfs | ||
| cachefiles | ||
| ceph | ||
| cifs | ||
| coda | ||
| configfs | ||
| cramfs | ||
| crypto | ||
| debugfs | ||
| devpts | ||
| dlm | ||
| ecryptfs | ||
| efivarfs | ||
| efs | ||
| erofs | ||
| exfat | ||
| exportfs | ||
| ext2 | ||
| ext4 | ||
| f2fs | ||
| fat | ||
| freevxfs | ||
| fscache | ||
| fuse | ||
| gfs2 | ||
| hfs | ||
| hfsplus | ||
| hostfs | ||
| hpfs | ||
| hugetlbfs | ||
| iomap | ||
| isofs | ||
| jbd2 | ||
| jffs2 | ||
| jfs | ||
| kernfs | ||
| ksmbd | ||
| lockd | ||
| minix | ||
| netfs | ||
| nfs | ||
| nfs_common | ||
| nfsd | ||
| nilfs2 | ||
| nls | ||
| notify | ||
| ntfs | ||
| ntfs3 | ||
| ocfs2 | ||
| omfs | ||
| openpromfs | ||
| orangefs | ||
| overlayfs | ||
| proc | ||
| pstore | ||
| qnx4 | ||
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| quota | ||
| ramfs | ||
| reiserfs | ||
| romfs | ||
| smbfs_common | ||
| squashfs | ||
| sysfs | ||
| sysv | ||
| tracefs | ||
| ubifs | ||
| udf | ||
| ufs | ||
| unicode | ||
| vboxsf | ||
| verity | ||
| xfs | ||
| zonefs | ||
| aio.c | ||
| anon_inodes.c | ||
| attr.c | ||
| bad_inode.c | ||
| binfmt_aout.c | ||
| binfmt_elf_fdpic.c | ||
| binfmt_elf_test.c | ||
| binfmt_elf.c | ||
| binfmt_flat.c | ||
| binfmt_misc.c | ||
| binfmt_script.c | ||
| buffer.c | ||
| char_dev.c | ||
| compat_binfmt_elf.c | ||
| coredump.c | ||
| d_path.c | ||
| dax.c | ||
| dcache.c | ||
| direct-io.c | ||
| drop_caches.c | ||
| eventfd.c | ||
| eventpoll.c | ||
| exec.c | ||
| fcntl.c | ||
| fhandle.c | ||
| file_table.c | ||
| file.c | ||
| filesystems.c | ||
| fs_context.c | ||
| fs_parser.c | ||
| fs_pin.c | ||
| fs_struct.c | ||
| fs_types.c | ||
| fs-writeback.c | ||
| fsopen.c | ||
| init.c | ||
| inode.c | ||
| internal.h | ||
| ioctl.c | ||
| Kconfig | ||
| Kconfig.binfmt | ||
| kernel_read_file.c | ||
| libfs.c | ||
| locks.c | ||
| Makefile | ||
| mbcache.c | ||
| mount.h | ||
| mpage.c | ||
| namei.c | ||
| namespace.c | ||
| no-block.c | ||
| nsfs.c | ||
| open.c | ||
| pipe.c | ||
| pnode.c | ||
| pnode.h | ||
| posix_acl.c | ||
| proc_namespace.c | ||
| read_write.c | ||
| readdir.c | ||
| remap_range.c | ||
| select.c | ||
| seq_file.c | ||
| signalfd.c | ||
| splice.c | ||
| stack.c | ||
| stat.c | ||
| statfs.c | ||
| super.c | ||
| sync.c | ||
| sysctls.c | ||
| timerfd.c | ||
| userfaultfd.c | ||
| utimes.c | ||
| xattr.c | ||