mirror of
https://github.com/torvalds/linux.git
synced 2024-11-01 01:31:44 +00:00
b24413180f
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> |
||
|---|---|---|
| .. | ||
| acl.h | ||
| bitmap.c | ||
| dir.c | ||
| do_balan.c | ||
| file.c | ||
| fix_node.c | ||
| hashes.c | ||
| ibalance.c | ||
| inode.c | ||
| ioctl.c | ||
| item_ops.c | ||
| journal.c | ||
| Kconfig | ||
| lbalance.c | ||
| lock.c | ||
| Makefile | ||
| namei.c | ||
| objectid.c | ||
| prints.c | ||
| procfs.c | ||
| README | ||
| reiserfs.h | ||
| resize.c | ||
| stree.c | ||
| super.c | ||
| tail_conversion.c | ||
| xattr_acl.c | ||
| xattr_security.c | ||
| xattr_trusted.c | ||
| xattr_user.c | ||
| xattr.c | ||
| xattr.h | ||
[LICENSING] ReiserFS is hereby licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2. Source code files that contain the phrase "licensing governed by reiserfs/README" are "governed files" throughout this file. Governed files are licensed under the GPL. The portions of them owned by Hans Reiser, or authorized to be licensed by him, have been in the past, and likely will be in the future, licensed to other parties under other licenses. If you add your code to governed files, and don't want it to be owned by Hans Reiser, put your copyright label on that code so the poor blight and his customers can keep things straight. All portions of governed files not labeled otherwise are owned by Hans Reiser, and by adding your code to it, widely distributing it to others or sending us a patch, and leaving the sentence in stating that licensing is governed by the statement in this file, you accept this. It will be a kindness if you identify whether Hans Reiser is allowed to license code labeled as owned by you on your behalf other than under the GPL, because he wants to know if it is okay to do so and put a check in the mail to you (for non-trivial improvements) when he makes his next sale. He makes no guarantees as to the amount if any, though he feels motivated to motivate contributors, and you can surely discuss this with him before or after contributing. You have the right to decline to allow him to license your code contribution other than under the GPL. Further licensing options are available for commercial and/or other interests directly from Hans Reiser: hans@reiser.to. If you interpret the GPL as not allowing those additional licensing options, you read it wrongly, and Richard Stallman agrees with me, when carefully read you can see that those restrictions on additional terms do not apply to the owner of the copyright, and my interpretation of this shall govern for this license. Finally, nothing in this license shall be interpreted to allow you to fail to fairly credit me, or to remove my credits, without my permission, unless you are an end user not redistributing to others. If you have doubts about how to properly do that, or about what is fair, ask. (Last I spoke with him Richard was contemplating how best to address the fair crediting issue in the next GPL version.) [END LICENSING] Reiserfs is a file system based on balanced tree algorithms, which is described at https://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page Stop reading here. Go there, then return. Send bug reports to yura@namesys.botik.ru. mkreiserfs and other utilities are in reiserfs/utils, or wherever your Linux provider put them. There is some disagreement about how useful it is for users to get their fsck and mkreiserfs out of sync with the version of reiserfs that is in their kernel, with many important distributors wanting them out of sync.:-) Please try to remember to recompile and reinstall fsck and mkreiserfs with every update of reiserfs, this is a common source of confusion. Note that some of the utilities cannot be compiled without accessing the balancing code which is in the kernel code, and relocating the utilities may require you to specify where that code can be found. Yes, if you update your reiserfs kernel module you do have to recompile your kernel, most of the time. The errors you get will be quite cryptic if your forget to do so. Real users, as opposed to folks who want to hack and then understand what went wrong, will want REISERFS_CHECK off. Hideous Commercial Pitch: Spread your development costs across other OS vendors. Select from the best in the world, not the best in your building, by buying from third party OS component suppliers. Leverage the software component development power of the internet. Be the most aggressive in taking advantage of the commercial possibilities of decentralized internet development, and add value through your branded integration that you sell as an operating system. Let your competitors be the ones to compete against the entire internet by themselves. Be hip, get with the new economic trend, before your competitors do. Send email to hans@reiser.to. To understand the code, after reading the website, start reading the code by reading reiserfs_fs.h first. Hans Reiser was the project initiator, primary architect, source of all funding for the first 5.5 years, and one of the programmers. He owns the copyright. Vladimir Saveljev was one of the programmers, and he worked long hours writing the cleanest code. He always made the effort to be the best he could be, and to make his code the best that it could be. What resulted was quite remarkable. I don't think that money can ever motivate someone to work the way he did, he is one of the most selfless men I know. Yura helps with benchmarking, coding hashes, and block pre-allocation code. Anatoly Pinchuk is a former member of our team who worked closely with Vladimir throughout the project's development. He wrote a quite substantial portion of the total code. He realized that there was a space problem with packing tails of files for files larger than a node that start on a node aligned boundary (there are reasons to want to node align files), and he invented and implemented indirect items and unformatted nodes as the solution. Konstantin Shvachko, with the help of the Russian version of a VC, tried to put me in a position where I was forced into giving control of the project to him. (Fortunately, as the person paying the money for all salaries from my dayjob I owned all copyrights, and you can't really force takeovers of sole proprietorships.) This was something curious, because he never really understood the value of our project, why we should do what we do, or why innovation was possible in general, but he was sure that he ought to be controlling it. Every innovation had to be forced past him while he was with us. He added two years to the time required to complete reiserfs, and was a net loss for me. Mikhail Gilula was a brilliant innovator who also left in a destructive way that erased the value of his contributions, and that he was shown much generosity just makes it more painful. Grigory Zaigralin was an extremely effective system administrator for our group. Igor Krasheninnikov was wonderful at hardware procurement, repair, and network installation. Jeremy Fitzhardinge wrote the teahash.c code, and he gives credit to a textbook he got the algorithm from in the code. Note that his analysis of how we could use the hashing code in making 32 bit NFS cookies work was probably more important than the actual algorithm. Colin Plumb also contributed to it. Chris Mason dived right into our code, and in just a few months produced the journaling code that dramatically increased the value of ReiserFS. He is just an amazing programmer. Igor Zagorovsky is writing much of the new item handler and extent code for our next major release. Alexander Zarochentcev (sometimes known as zam, or sasha), wrote the resizer, and is hard at work on implementing allocate on flush. SGI implemented allocate on flush before us for XFS, and generously took the time to convince me we should do it also. They are great people, and a great company. Yuri Shevchuk and Nikita Danilov are doing squid cache optimization. Vitaly Fertman is doing fsck. Jeff Mahoney, of SuSE, contributed a few cleanup fixes, most notably the endian safe patches which allow ReiserFS to run on any platform supported by the Linux kernel. SuSE, IntegratedLinux.com, Ecila, MP3.com, bigstorage.com, and the Alpha PC Company made it possible for me to not have a day job anymore, and to dramatically increase our staffing. Ecila funded hypertext feature development, MP3.com funded journaling, SuSE funded core development, IntegratedLinux.com funded squid web cache appliances, bigstorage.com funded HSM, and the alpha PC company funded the alpha port. Many of these tasks were helped by sponsors other than the ones just named. SuSE has helped in much more than just funding....