linux/drivers/pci/controller
Linus Torvalds 9d33edb20f Updates for the interrupt core and driver subsystem:
- Core:
 
    The bulk is the rework of the MSI subsystem to support per device MSI
    interrupt domains. This solves conceptual problems of the current
    PCI/MSI design which are in the way of providing support for PCI/MSI[-X]
    and the upcoming PCI/IMS mechanism on the same device.
 
    IMS (Interrupt Message Store] is a new specification which allows device
    manufactures to provide implementation defined storage for MSI messages
    contrary to the uniform and specification defined storage mechanisms for
    PCI/MSI and PCI/MSI-X. IMS not only allows to overcome the size limitations
    of the MSI-X table, but also gives the device manufacturer the freedom to
    store the message in arbitrary places, even in host memory which is shared
    with the device.
 
    There have been several attempts to glue this into the current MSI code,
    but after lengthy discussions it turned out that there is a fundamental
    design problem in the current PCI/MSI-X implementation. This needs some
    historical background.
 
    When PCI/MSI[-X] support was added around 2003, interrupt management was
    completely different from what we have today in the actively developed
    architectures. Interrupt management was completely architecture specific
    and while there were attempts to create common infrastructure the
    commonalities were rudimentary and just providing shared data structures and
    interfaces so that drivers could be written in an architecture agnostic
    way.
 
    The initial PCI/MSI[-X] support obviously plugged into this model which
    resulted in some basic shared infrastructure in the PCI core code for
    setting up MSI descriptors, which are a pure software construct for holding
    data relevant for a particular MSI interrupt, but the actual association to
    Linux interrupts was completely architecture specific. This model is still
    supported today to keep museum architectures and notorious stranglers
    alive.
 
    In 2013 Intel tried to add support for hot-pluggable IO/APICs to the kernel,
    which was creating yet another architecture specific mechanism and resulted
    in an unholy mess on top of the existing horrors of x86 interrupt handling.
    The x86 interrupt management code was already an incomprehensible maze of
    indirections between the CPU vector management, interrupt remapping and the
    actual IO/APIC and PCI/MSI[-X] implementation.
 
    At roughly the same time ARM struggled with the ever growing SoC specific
    extensions which were glued on top of the architected GIC interrupt
    controller.
 
    This resulted in a fundamental redesign of interrupt management and
    provided the today prevailing concept of hierarchical interrupt
    domains. This allowed to disentangle the interactions between x86 vector
    domain and interrupt remapping and also allowed ARM to handle the zoo of
    SoC specific interrupt components in a sane way.
 
    The concept of hierarchical interrupt domains aims to encapsulate the
    functionality of particular IP blocks which are involved in interrupt
    delivery so that they become extensible and pluggable. The X86
    encapsulation looks like this:
 
                                             |--- device 1
      [Vector]---[Remapping]---[PCI/MSI]--|...
                                             |--- device N
 
    where the remapping domain is an optional component and in case that it is
    not available the PCI/MSI[-X] domains have the vector domain as their
    parent. This reduced the required interaction between the domains pretty
    much to the initialization phase where it is obviously required to
    establish the proper parent relation ship in the components of the
    hierarchy.
 
    While in most cases the model is strictly representing the chain of IP
    blocks and abstracting them so they can be plugged together to form a
    hierarchy, the design stopped short on PCI/MSI[-X]. Looking at the hardware
    it's clear that the actual PCI/MSI[-X] interrupt controller is not a global
    entity, but strict a per PCI device entity.
 
    Here we took a short cut on the hierarchical model and went for the easy
    solution of providing "global" PCI/MSI domains which was possible because
    the PCI/MSI[-X] handling is uniform across the devices. This also allowed
    to keep the existing PCI/MSI[-X] infrastructure mostly unchanged which in
    turn made it simple to keep the existing architecture specific management
    alive.
 
    A similar problem was created in the ARM world with support for IP block
    specific message storage. Instead of going all the way to stack a IP block
    specific domain on top of the generic MSI domain this ended in a construct
    which provides a "global" platform MSI domain which allows overriding the
    irq_write_msi_msg() callback per allocation.
 
    In course of the lengthy discussions we identified other abuse of the MSI
    infrastructure in wireless drivers, NTB etc. where support for
    implementation specific message storage was just mindlessly glued into the
    existing infrastructure. Some of this just works by chance on particular
    platforms but will fail in hard to diagnose ways when the driver is used
    on platforms where the underlying MSI interrupt management code does not
    expect the creative abuse.
 
    Another shortcoming of today's PCI/MSI-X support is the inability to
    allocate or free individual vectors after the initial enablement of
    MSI-X. This results in an works by chance implementation of VFIO (PCI
    pass-through) where interrupts on the host side are not set up upfront to
    avoid resource exhaustion. They are expanded at run-time when the guest
    actually tries to use them. The way how this is implemented is that the
    host disables MSI-X and then re-enables it with a larger number of
    vectors again. That works by chance because most device drivers set up
    all interrupts before the device actually will utilize them. But that's
    not universally true because some drivers allocate a large enough number
    of vectors but do not utilize them until it's actually required,
    e.g. for acceleration support. But at that point other interrupts of the
    device might be in active use and the MSI-X disable/enable dance can
    just result in losing interrupts and therefore hard to diagnose subtle
    problems.
 
    Last but not least the "global" PCI/MSI-X domain approach prevents to
    utilize PCI/MSI[-X] and PCI/IMS on the same device due to the fact that IMS
    is not longer providing a uniform storage and configuration model.
 
    The solution to this is to implement the missing step and switch from
    global PCI/MSI domains to per device PCI/MSI domains. The resulting
    hierarchy then looks like this:
 
                               |--- [PCI/MSI] device 1
      [Vector]---[Remapping]---|...
                               |--- [PCI/MSI] device N
 
    which in turn allows to provide support for multiple domains per device:
 
                               |--- [PCI/MSI] device 1
                               |--- [PCI/IMS] device 1
      [Vector]---[Remapping]---|...
                               |--- [PCI/MSI] device N
                               |--- [PCI/IMS] device N
 
    This work converts the MSI and PCI/MSI core and the x86 interrupt
    domains to the new model, provides new interfaces for post-enable
    allocation/free of MSI-X interrupts and the base framework for PCI/IMS.
    PCI/IMS has been verified with the work in progress IDXD driver.
 
    There is work in progress to convert ARM over which will replace the
    platform MSI train-wreck. The cleanup of VFIO, NTB and other creative
    "solutions" are in the works as well.
 
  - Drivers:
 
    - Updates for the LoongArch interrupt chip drivers
 
    - Support for MTK CIRQv2
 
    - The usual small fixes and updates all over the place
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Merge tag 'irq-core-2022-12-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull irq updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Updates for the interrupt core and driver subsystem:

  The bulk is the rework of the MSI subsystem to support per device MSI
  interrupt domains. This solves conceptual problems of the current
  PCI/MSI design which are in the way of providing support for
  PCI/MSI[-X] and the upcoming PCI/IMS mechanism on the same device.

  IMS (Interrupt Message Store] is a new specification which allows
  device manufactures to provide implementation defined storage for MSI
  messages (as opposed to PCI/MSI and PCI/MSI-X that has a specified
  message store which is uniform accross all devices). The PCI/MSI[-X]
  uniformity allowed us to get away with "global" PCI/MSI domains.

  IMS not only allows to overcome the size limitations of the MSI-X
  table, but also gives the device manufacturer the freedom to store the
  message in arbitrary places, even in host memory which is shared with
  the device.

  There have been several attempts to glue this into the current MSI
  code, but after lengthy discussions it turned out that there is a
  fundamental design problem in the current PCI/MSI-X implementation.
  This needs some historical background.

  When PCI/MSI[-X] support was added around 2003, interrupt management
  was completely different from what we have today in the actively
  developed architectures. Interrupt management was completely
  architecture specific and while there were attempts to create common
  infrastructure the commonalities were rudimentary and just providing
  shared data structures and interfaces so that drivers could be written
  in an architecture agnostic way.

  The initial PCI/MSI[-X] support obviously plugged into this model
  which resulted in some basic shared infrastructure in the PCI core
  code for setting up MSI descriptors, which are a pure software
  construct for holding data relevant for a particular MSI interrupt,
  but the actual association to Linux interrupts was completely
  architecture specific. This model is still supported today to keep
  museum architectures and notorious stragglers alive.

  In 2013 Intel tried to add support for hot-pluggable IO/APICs to the
  kernel, which was creating yet another architecture specific mechanism
  and resulted in an unholy mess on top of the existing horrors of x86
  interrupt handling. The x86 interrupt management code was already an
  incomprehensible maze of indirections between the CPU vector
  management, interrupt remapping and the actual IO/APIC and PCI/MSI[-X]
  implementation.

  At roughly the same time ARM struggled with the ever growing SoC
  specific extensions which were glued on top of the architected GIC
  interrupt controller.

  This resulted in a fundamental redesign of interrupt management and
  provided the today prevailing concept of hierarchical interrupt
  domains. This allowed to disentangle the interactions between x86
  vector domain and interrupt remapping and also allowed ARM to handle
  the zoo of SoC specific interrupt components in a sane way.

  The concept of hierarchical interrupt domains aims to encapsulate the
  functionality of particular IP blocks which are involved in interrupt
  delivery so that they become extensible and pluggable. The X86
  encapsulation looks like this:

                                            |--- device 1
     [Vector]---[Remapping]---[PCI/MSI]--|...
                                            |--- device N

  where the remapping domain is an optional component and in case that
  it is not available the PCI/MSI[-X] domains have the vector domain as
  their parent. This reduced the required interaction between the
  domains pretty much to the initialization phase where it is obviously
  required to establish the proper parent relation ship in the
  components of the hierarchy.

  While in most cases the model is strictly representing the chain of IP
  blocks and abstracting them so they can be plugged together to form a
  hierarchy, the design stopped short on PCI/MSI[-X]. Looking at the
  hardware it's clear that the actual PCI/MSI[-X] interrupt controller
  is not a global entity, but strict a per PCI device entity.

  Here we took a short cut on the hierarchical model and went for the
  easy solution of providing "global" PCI/MSI domains which was possible
  because the PCI/MSI[-X] handling is uniform across the devices. This
  also allowed to keep the existing PCI/MSI[-X] infrastructure mostly
  unchanged which in turn made it simple to keep the existing
  architecture specific management alive.

  A similar problem was created in the ARM world with support for IP
  block specific message storage. Instead of going all the way to stack
  a IP block specific domain on top of the generic MSI domain this ended
  in a construct which provides a "global" platform MSI domain which
  allows overriding the irq_write_msi_msg() callback per allocation.

  In course of the lengthy discussions we identified other abuse of the
  MSI infrastructure in wireless drivers, NTB etc. where support for
  implementation specific message storage was just mindlessly glued into
  the existing infrastructure. Some of this just works by chance on
  particular platforms but will fail in hard to diagnose ways when the
  driver is used on platforms where the underlying MSI interrupt
  management code does not expect the creative abuse.

  Another shortcoming of today's PCI/MSI-X support is the inability to
  allocate or free individual vectors after the initial enablement of
  MSI-X. This results in an works by chance implementation of VFIO (PCI
  pass-through) where interrupts on the host side are not set up upfront
  to avoid resource exhaustion. They are expanded at run-time when the
  guest actually tries to use them. The way how this is implemented is
  that the host disables MSI-X and then re-enables it with a larger
  number of vectors again. That works by chance because most device
  drivers set up all interrupts before the device actually will utilize
  them. But that's not universally true because some drivers allocate a
  large enough number of vectors but do not utilize them until it's
  actually required, e.g. for acceleration support. But at that point
  other interrupts of the device might be in active use and the MSI-X
  disable/enable dance can just result in losing interrupts and
  therefore hard to diagnose subtle problems.

  Last but not least the "global" PCI/MSI-X domain approach prevents to
  utilize PCI/MSI[-X] and PCI/IMS on the same device due to the fact
  that IMS is not longer providing a uniform storage and configuration
  model.

  The solution to this is to implement the missing step and switch from
  global PCI/MSI domains to per device PCI/MSI domains. The resulting
  hierarchy then looks like this:

                              |--- [PCI/MSI] device 1
     [Vector]---[Remapping]---|...
                              |--- [PCI/MSI] device N

  which in turn allows to provide support for multiple domains per
  device:

                              |--- [PCI/MSI] device 1
                              |--- [PCI/IMS] device 1
     [Vector]---[Remapping]---|...
                              |--- [PCI/MSI] device N
                              |--- [PCI/IMS] device N

  This work converts the MSI and PCI/MSI core and the x86 interrupt
  domains to the new model, provides new interfaces for post-enable
  allocation/free of MSI-X interrupts and the base framework for
  PCI/IMS. PCI/IMS has been verified with the work in progress IDXD
  driver.

  There is work in progress to convert ARM over which will replace the
  platform MSI train-wreck. The cleanup of VFIO, NTB and other creative
  "solutions" are in the works as well.

  Drivers:

   - Updates for the LoongArch interrupt chip drivers

   - Support for MTK CIRQv2

   - The usual small fixes and updates all over the place"

* tag 'irq-core-2022-12-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (134 commits)
  irqchip/ti-sci-inta: Fix kernel doc
  irqchip/gic-v2m: Mark a few functions __init
  irqchip/gic-v2m: Include arm-gic-common.h
  irqchip/irq-mvebu-icu: Fix works by chance pointer assignment
  iommu/amd: Enable PCI/IMS
  iommu/vt-d: Enable PCI/IMS
  x86/apic/msi: Enable PCI/IMS
  PCI/MSI: Provide pci_ims_alloc/free_irq()
  PCI/MSI: Provide IMS (Interrupt Message Store) support
  genirq/msi: Provide constants for PCI/IMS support
  x86/apic/msi: Enable MSI_FLAG_PCI_MSIX_ALLOC_DYN
  PCI/MSI: Provide post-enable dynamic allocation interfaces for MSI-X
  PCI/MSI: Provide prepare_desc() MSI domain op
  PCI/MSI: Split MSI-X descriptor setup
  genirq/msi: Provide MSI_FLAG_MSIX_ALLOC_DYN
  genirq/msi: Provide msi_domain_alloc_irq_at()
  genirq/msi: Provide msi_domain_ops:: Prepare_desc()
  genirq/msi: Provide msi_desc:: Msi_data
  genirq/msi: Provide struct msi_map
  x86/apic/msi: Remove arch_create_remap_msi_irq_domain()
  ...
2022-12-12 11:21:29 -08:00
..
cadence PCI: Convert to new *_PM_OPS macros 2022-07-27 11:56:17 -05:00
dwc PCI/MSI: Get rid of PCI_MSI_IRQ_DOMAIN 2022-11-17 15:15:19 +01:00
mobiveil PCI/MSI: Get rid of PCI_MSI_IRQ_DOMAIN 2022-11-17 15:15:19 +01:00
Kconfig PCI/MSI: Get rid of PCI_MSI_IRQ_DOMAIN 2022-11-17 15:15:19 +01:00
Makefile Merge branch 'pci/host/mt7621' 2021-11-05 11:28:51 -05:00
pci-aardvark.c Merge branch 'remotes/lorenzo/pci/bridge-emul' 2022-10-05 17:32:55 -05:00
pci-ftpci100.c PCI: ftpci100: Use PCI_CONF1_ADDRESS() macro 2022-09-27 11:08:20 +02:00
pci-host-common.c PCI/MSI: Make pci_host_common_probe() declare its reliance on MSI domains 2021-04-20 14:11:22 +01:00
pci-host-generic.c
pci-hyperv-intf.c
pci-hyperv.c Updates for the interrupt core and driver subsystem: 2022-12-12 11:21:29 -08:00
pci-ixp4xx.c ARM: ixp4xx: fix building both pci drivers 2021-08-12 23:10:09 +02:00
pci-loongson.c PCI: loongson: Work around LS7A incorrect Interrupt Pin registers 2022-07-21 12:42:00 -05:00
pci-mvebu.c Merge branch 'remotes/lorenzo/pci/mvebu' 2022-10-05 17:32:56 -05:00
pci-rcar-gen2.c PCI: rcar-gen2: Add RZ/N1 SOC family compatible string 2022-06-23 17:37:05 -05:00
pci-tegra.c Revert "PCI: tegra: Use PCI_CONF1_EXT_ADDRESS() macro" 2022-10-17 12:11:09 -05:00
pci-thunder-ecam.c PCI: thunder: Drop error data fabrication when config read fails 2021-11-18 13:39:32 -06:00
pci-thunder-pem.c PCI: thunder: Drop error data fabrication when config read fails 2021-11-18 13:39:32 -06:00
pci-v3-semi.c
pci-versatile.c PCI: versatile: Remove redundant variable retval 2022-04-28 10:46:37 +01:00
pci-xgene-msi.c PCI: xgene-msi: Use bitmap_zalloc() when applicable 2021-11-29 17:29:15 +00:00
pci-xgene.c PCI: Drop of_match_ptr() to avoid unused variables 2022-07-06 14:34:09 -05:00
pcie-altera-msi.c PCI: Bulk conversion to generic_handle_domain_irq() 2021-08-02 11:53:05 -05:00
pcie-altera.c Merge branch 'pci/driver-cleanup' 2022-01-13 09:57:53 -06:00
pcie-apple.c PCI: apple: Do not leak reset GPIO on unbind/unload/error 2022-09-14 17:45:47 +02:00
pcie-brcmstb.c PCI: brcmstb: Rename .map_bus() functions to end with 'map_bus' 2022-07-27 11:53:12 -05:00
pcie-hisi-error.c
pcie-iproc-bcma.c PCI: Add defines for normal and subtractive PCI bridges 2022-02-17 15:29:35 -06:00
pcie-iproc-msi.c PCI: iproc: Use bitmap API to allocate bitmaps 2022-07-05 15:02:56 -05:00
pcie-iproc-platform.c PCI: iproc: Rename iproc_pcie_pltfm_ to iproc_pltfm_pcie_ 2022-01-03 15:01:53 -06:00
pcie-iproc.c PCI: iproc: Set all 24 bits of PCI class code 2022-02-17 15:30:01 -06:00
pcie-iproc.h PCI: Fix kernel-doc formatting 2021-07-06 10:37:46 -05:00
pcie-mediatek-gen3.c PCI: mediatek-gen3: Change driver name to mtk-pcie-gen3 2022-08-23 14:58:49 +02:00
pcie-mediatek.c PCI: Convert to new *_PM_OPS macros 2022-07-27 11:56:17 -05:00
pcie-microchip-host.c PCI: microchip: Fix refcount leak in mc_pcie_init_irq_domains() 2022-06-08 15:26:24 -05:00
pcie-mt7621.c PCI: mt7621: Use PCI_CONF1_EXT_ADDRESS() macro 2022-09-27 11:08:20 +02:00
pcie-rcar-ep.c PCI: rcar-ep: Remove unneeded includes 2021-10-08 09:41:38 -05:00
pcie-rcar-host.c PCI: Convert to new *_PM_OPS macros 2022-07-27 11:56:17 -05:00
pcie-rcar.c
pcie-rcar.h PCI: rcar: Add L1 link state fix into data abort hook 2021-08-16 14:51:30 +01:00
pcie-rockchip-ep.c PCI: rockchip: Fix find_first_zero_bit() limit 2022-04-08 14:42:07 +01:00
pcie-rockchip-host.c PCI: Convert to new *_PM_OPS macros 2022-07-27 11:56:17 -05:00
pcie-rockchip.c PCI: rockchip: Make 'ep-gpios' DT property optional 2021-02-23 14:23:50 -06:00
pcie-rockchip.h PCI: Add defines for normal and subtractive PCI bridges 2022-02-17 15:29:35 -06:00
pcie-xilinx-cpm.c PCI: xilinx-cpm: Add support for Versal CPM5 Root Port 2022-07-22 14:21:06 -05:00
pcie-xilinx-nwl.c PCI: xilinx-nwl: Simplify code and fix a memory leak 2021-12-01 09:26:51 +00:00
pcie-xilinx.c PCI: xilinx: Rename xilinx_pcie_port to xilinx_pcie 2022-01-03 15:05:28 -06:00
vmd.c PCI: vmd: Add DID 8086:7D0B and 8086:AD0B for Intel MTL SKUs 2022-06-28 18:36:12 -05:00