linux/mm/Kconfig
Suren Baghdasaryan 0b6cc04f3d mm: introduce CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK
Patch series "Per-VMA locks", v4.

LWN article describing the feature: https://lwn.net/Articles/906852/

Per-vma locks idea that was discussed during SPF [1] discussion at LSF/MM
last year [2], which concluded with suggestion that “a reader/writer
semaphore could be put into the VMA itself; that would have the effect of
using the VMA as a sort of range lock.  There would still be contention at
the VMA level, but it would be an improvement.” This patchset implements
this suggested approach.

When handling page faults we lookup the VMA that contains the faulting
page under RCU protection and try to acquire its lock.  If that fails we
fall back to using mmap_lock, similar to how SPF handled this situation.

One notable way the implementation deviates from the proposal is the way
VMAs are read-locked.  During some of mm updates, multiple VMAs need to be
locked until the end of the update (e.g.  vma_merge, split_vma, etc). 
Tracking all the locked VMAs, avoiding recursive locks, figuring out when
it's safe to unlock previously locked VMAs would make the code more
complex.  So, instead of the usual lock/unlock pattern, the proposed
solution marks a VMA as locked and provides an efficient way to:

1. Identify locked VMAs.

2. Unlock all locked VMAs in bulk.

We also postpone unlocking the locked VMAs until the end of the update,
when we do mmap_write_unlock.  Potentially this keeps a VMA locked for
longer than is absolutely necessary but it results in a big reduction of
code complexity.

Read-locking a VMA is done using two sequence numbers - one in the
vm_area_struct and one in the mm_struct.  VMA is considered read-locked
when these sequence numbers are equal.  To read-lock a VMA we set the
sequence number in vm_area_struct to be equal to the sequence number in
mm_struct.  To unlock all VMAs we increment mm_struct's seq number.  This
allows for an efficient way to track locked VMAs and to drop the locks on
all VMAs at the end of the update.

The patchset implements per-VMA locking only for anonymous pages which are
not in swap and avoids userfaultfs as their implementation is more
complex.  Additional support for file-back page faults, swapped and user
pages can be added incrementally.

Performance benchmarks show similar although slightly smaller benefits as
with SPF patchset (~75% of SPF benefits).  Still, with lower complexity
this approach might be more desirable.

Since RFC was posted in September 2022, two separate Google teams outside
of Android evaluated the patchset and confirmed positive results.  Here
are the known usecases when per-VMA locks show benefits:

Android:

Apps with high number of threads (~100) launch times improve by up to 20%.
Each thread mmaps several areas upon startup (Stack and Thread-local
storage (TLS), thread signal stack, indirect ref table), which requires
taking mmap_lock in write mode.  Page faults take mmap_lock in read mode. 
During app launch, both thread creation and page faults establishing the
active workinget are happening in parallel and that causes lock contention
between mm writers and readers even if updates and page faults are
happening in different VMAs.  Per-vma locks prevent this contention by
providing more granular lock.

Google Fibers:

We have several dynamically sized thread pools that spawn new threads
under increased load and reduce their number when idling. For example,
Google's in-process scheduling/threading framework, UMCG/Fibers, is backed
by such a thread pool. When idling, only a small number of idle worker
threads are available; when a spike of incoming requests arrive, each
request is handled in its own "fiber", which is a work item posted onto a
UMCG worker thread; quite often these spikes lead to a number of new
threads spawning. Each new thread needs to allocate and register an RSEQ
section on its TLS, then register itself with the kernel as a UMCG worker
thread, and only after that it can be considered by the in-process
UMCG/Fiber scheduler as available to do useful work. In short, during an
incoming workload spike new threads have to be spawned, and they perform
several syscalls (RSEQ registration, UMCG worker registration, memory
allocations) before they can actually start doing useful work. Removing
any bottlenecks on this thread startup path will greatly improve our
services' latencies when faced with request/workload spikes.

At high scale, mmap_lock contention during thread creation and stack page
faults leads to user-visible multi-second serving latencies in a similar
pattern to Android app startup.  Per-VMA locking patchset has been run
successfully in limited experiments with user-facing production workloads.
In these experiments, we observed that the peak thread creation rate was
high enough that thread creation is no longer a bottleneck.

TCP zerocopy receive:

From the point of view of TCP zerocopy receive, the per-vma lock patch is
massively beneficial.

In today's implementation, a process with N threads where N - 1 are
performing zerocopy receive and 1 thread is performing madvise() with the
write lock taken (e.g.  needs to change vm_flags) will result in all N -1
receive threads blocking until the madvise is done.  Conversely, on a busy
process receiving a lot of data, an madvise operation that does need to
take the mmap lock in write mode will need to wait for all of the receives
to be done - a lose:lose proposition.  Per-VMA locking _removes_ by
definition this source of contention entirely.

There are other benefits for receive as well, chiefly a reduction in
cacheline bouncing across receiving threads for locking/unlocking the
single mmap lock.  On an RPC style synthetic workload with 4KB RPCs:

1a) The find+lock+unlock VMA path in the base case, without the
    per-vma lock patchset, is about 0.7% of cycles as measured by perf.

1b) mmap_read_lock + mmap_read_unlock in the base case is about 0.5%
    cycles overall - most of this is within the TCP read hotpath (a small
    fraction is 'other' usage in the system).

2a) The find+lock+unlock VMA path, with the per-vma patchset and a
    trivial patch written to take advantage of it in TCP, is about 0.4% of
    cycles (down from 0.7% above)

2b) mmap_read_lock + mmap_read_unlock in the per-vma patchset is <
    0.1% cycles and is out of the TCP read hotpath entirely (down from
    0.5% before, the remaining usage is the 'other' usage in the system). 
    So, in addition to entirely removing an onerous source of contention,
    it also reduces the CPU cycles of TCP receive zerocopy by about 0.5%+
    (compared to overall cycles in perf) for the 'small' RPC scenario.

In https://lkml.kernel.org/r/87fsaqouyd.fsf_-_@stealth, Punit
demonstrated throughput improvements of as much as 188% from this
patchset.


This patch (of 25):

This configuration variable will be used to build the support for VMA
locking during page fault handling.

This is enabled on supported architectures with SMP and MMU set.

The architecture support is needed since the page fault handler is called
from the architecture's page faulting code which needs modifications to
handle faults under VMA lock.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230227173632.3292573-1-surenb@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230227173632.3292573-10-surenb@google.com
Signed-off-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-04-05 20:02:56 -07:00

1229 lines
38 KiB
Plaintext

# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
menu "Memory Management options"
#
# For some reason microblaze and nios2 hard code SWAP=n. Hopefully we can
# add proper SWAP support to them, in which case this can be remove.
#
config ARCH_NO_SWAP
bool
config ZPOOL
bool
menuconfig SWAP
bool "Support for paging of anonymous memory (swap)"
depends on MMU && BLOCK && !ARCH_NO_SWAP
default y
help
This option allows you to choose whether you want to have support
for so called swap devices or swap files in your kernel that are
used to provide more virtual memory than the actual RAM present
in your computer. If unsure say Y.
config ZSWAP
bool "Compressed cache for swap pages"
depends on SWAP
select FRONTSWAP
select CRYPTO
select ZPOOL
help
A lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
This can result in a significant I/O reduction on swap device and,
in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster than swap device
reads, can also improve workload performance.
config ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON
bool "Enable the compressed cache for swap pages by default"
depends on ZSWAP
help
If selected, the compressed cache for swap pages will be enabled
at boot, otherwise it will be disabled.
The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
command line 'zswap.enabled=' option.
choice
prompt "Default compressor"
depends on ZSWAP
default ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
help
Selects the default compression algorithm for the compressed cache
for swap pages.
For an overview what kind of performance can be expected from
a particular compression algorithm please refer to the benchmarks
available at the following LWN page:
https://lwn.net/Articles/751795/
If in doubt, select 'LZO'.
The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
command line 'zswap.compressor=' option.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_DEFLATE
bool "Deflate"
select CRYPTO_DEFLATE
help
Use the Deflate algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
bool "LZO"
select CRYPTO_LZO
help
Use the LZO algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_842
bool "842"
select CRYPTO_842
help
Use the 842 algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4
bool "LZ4"
select CRYPTO_LZ4
help
Use the LZ4 algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4HC
bool "LZ4HC"
select CRYPTO_LZ4HC
help
Use the LZ4HC algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_ZSTD
bool "zstd"
select CRYPTO_ZSTD
help
Use the zstd algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
endchoice
config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT
string
depends on ZSWAP
default "deflate" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_DEFLATE
default "lzo" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
default "842" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_842
default "lz4" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4
default "lz4hc" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4HC
default "zstd" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_ZSTD
default ""
choice
prompt "Default allocator"
depends on ZSWAP
default ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD
help
Selects the default allocator for the compressed cache for
swap pages.
The default is 'zbud' for compatibility, however please do
read the description of each of the allocators below before
making a right choice.
The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
command line 'zswap.zpool=' option.
config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD
bool "zbud"
select ZBUD
help
Use the zbud allocator as the default allocator.
config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_Z3FOLD
bool "z3fold"
select Z3FOLD
help
Use the z3fold allocator as the default allocator.
config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZSMALLOC
bool "zsmalloc"
select ZSMALLOC
help
Use the zsmalloc allocator as the default allocator.
endchoice
config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT
string
depends on ZSWAP
default "zbud" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD
default "z3fold" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_Z3FOLD
default "zsmalloc" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZSMALLOC
default ""
config ZBUD
tristate "2:1 compression allocator (zbud)"
depends on ZSWAP
help
A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical
page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and
deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher
density approach when reclaim will be used.
config Z3FOLD
tristate "3:1 compression allocator (z3fold)"
depends on ZSWAP
help
A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
It is designed to store up to three compressed pages per physical
page. It is a ZBUD derivative so the simplicity and determinism are
still there.
config ZSMALLOC
tristate
prompt "N:1 compression allocator (zsmalloc)" if ZSWAP
depends on MMU
help
zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store
pages of various compression levels efficiently. It achieves
the highest storage density with the least amount of fragmentation.
config ZSMALLOC_STAT
bool "Export zsmalloc statistics"
depends on ZSMALLOC
select DEBUG_FS
help
This option enables code in the zsmalloc to collect various
statistics about what's happening in zsmalloc and exports that
information to userspace via debugfs.
If unsure, say N.
config ZSMALLOC_CHAIN_SIZE
int "Maximum number of physical pages per-zspage"
default 8
range 4 16
depends on ZSMALLOC
help
This option sets the upper limit on the number of physical pages
that a zmalloc page (zspage) can consist of. The optimal zspage
chain size is calculated for each size class during the
initialization of the pool.
Changing this option can alter the characteristics of size classes,
such as the number of pages per zspage and the number of objects
per zspage. This can also result in different configurations of
the pool, as zsmalloc merges size classes with similar
characteristics.
For more information, see zsmalloc documentation.
menu "SLAB allocator options"
choice
prompt "Choose SLAB allocator"
default SLUB
help
This option allows to select a slab allocator.
config SLAB
bool "SLAB"
depends on !PREEMPT_RT
select HAVE_HARDENED_USERCOPY_ALLOCATOR
help
The regular slab allocator that is established and known to work
well in all environments. It organizes cache hot objects in
per cpu and per node queues.
config SLUB
bool "SLUB (Unqueued Allocator)"
select HAVE_HARDENED_USERCOPY_ALLOCATOR
help
SLUB is a slab allocator that minimizes cache line usage
instead of managing queues of cached objects (SLAB approach).
Per cpu caching is realized using slabs of objects instead
of queues of objects. SLUB can use memory efficiently
and has enhanced diagnostics. SLUB is the default choice for
a slab allocator.
config SLOB_DEPRECATED
depends on EXPERT
bool "SLOB (Simple Allocator - DEPRECATED)"
depends on !PREEMPT_RT
help
Deprecated and scheduled for removal in a few cycles. SLUB
recommended as replacement. CONFIG_SLUB_TINY can be considered
on systems with 16MB or less RAM.
If you need SLOB to stay, please contact linux-mm@kvack.org and
people listed in the SLAB ALLOCATOR section of MAINTAINERS file,
with your use case.
SLOB replaces the stock allocator with a drastically simpler
allocator. SLOB is generally more space efficient but
does not perform as well on large systems.
endchoice
config SLOB
bool
default y
depends on SLOB_DEPRECATED
config SLUB_TINY
bool "Configure SLUB for minimal memory footprint"
depends on SLUB && EXPERT
select SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT
help
Configures the SLUB allocator in a way to achieve minimal memory
footprint, sacrificing scalability, debugging and other features.
This is intended only for the smallest system that had used the
SLOB allocator and is not recommended for systems with more than
16MB RAM.
If unsure, say N.
config SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT
bool "Allow slab caches to be merged"
default y
depends on SLAB || SLUB
help
For reduced kernel memory fragmentation, slab caches can be
merged when they share the same size and other characteristics.
This carries a risk of kernel heap overflows being able to
overwrite objects from merged caches (and more easily control
cache layout), which makes such heap attacks easier to exploit
by attackers. By keeping caches unmerged, these kinds of exploits
can usually only damage objects in the same cache. To disable
merging at runtime, "slab_nomerge" can be passed on the kernel
command line.
config SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM
bool "Randomize slab freelist"
depends on SLAB || (SLUB && !SLUB_TINY)
help
Randomizes the freelist order used on creating new pages. This
security feature reduces the predictability of the kernel slab
allocator against heap overflows.
config SLAB_FREELIST_HARDENED
bool "Harden slab freelist metadata"
depends on SLAB || (SLUB && !SLUB_TINY)
help
Many kernel heap attacks try to target slab cache metadata and
other infrastructure. This options makes minor performance
sacrifices to harden the kernel slab allocator against common
freelist exploit methods. Some slab implementations have more
sanity-checking than others. This option is most effective with
CONFIG_SLUB.
config SLUB_STATS
default n
bool "Enable SLUB performance statistics"
depends on SLUB && SYSFS && !SLUB_TINY
help
SLUB statistics are useful to debug SLUBs allocation behavior in
order find ways to optimize the allocator. This should never be
enabled for production use since keeping statistics slows down
the allocator by a few percentage points. The slabinfo command
supports the determination of the most active slabs to figure
out which slabs are relevant to a particular load.
Try running: slabinfo -DA
config SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL
default y
depends on SLUB && SMP && !SLUB_TINY
bool "SLUB per cpu partial cache"
help
Per cpu partial caches accelerate objects allocation and freeing
that is local to a processor at the price of more indeterminism
in the latency of the free. On overflow these caches will be cleared
which requires the taking of locks that may cause latency spikes.
Typically one would choose no for a realtime system.
endmenu # SLAB allocator options
config SHUFFLE_PAGE_ALLOCATOR
bool "Page allocator randomization"
default SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM && ACPI_NUMA
help
Randomization of the page allocator improves the average
utilization of a direct-mapped memory-side-cache. See section
5.2.27 Heterogeneous Memory Attribute Table (HMAT) in the ACPI
6.2a specification for an example of how a platform advertises
the presence of a memory-side-cache. There are also incidental
security benefits as it reduces the predictability of page
allocations to compliment SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM, but the
default granularity of shuffling on the MAX_ORDER i.e, 10th
order of pages is selected based on cache utilization benefits
on x86.
While the randomization improves cache utilization it may
negatively impact workloads on platforms without a cache. For
this reason, by default, the randomization is enabled only
after runtime detection of a direct-mapped memory-side-cache.
Otherwise, the randomization may be force enabled with the
'page_alloc.shuffle' kernel command line parameter.
Say Y if unsure.
config COMPAT_BRK
bool "Disable heap randomization"
default y
help
Randomizing heap placement makes heap exploits harder, but it
also breaks ancient binaries (including anything libc5 based).
This option changes the bootup default to heap randomization
disabled, and can be overridden at runtime by setting
/proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space to 2.
On non-ancient distros (post-2000 ones) N is usually a safe choice.
config MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED
bool "Allow mmapped anonymous memory to be uninitialized"
depends on EXPERT && !MMU
default n
help
Normally, and according to the Linux spec, anonymous memory obtained
from mmap() has its contents cleared before it is passed to
userspace. Enabling this config option allows you to request that
mmap() skip that if it is given an MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag, thus
providing a huge performance boost. If this option is not enabled,
then the flag will be ignored.
This is taken advantage of by uClibc's malloc(), and also by
ELF-FDPIC binfmt's brk and stack allocator.
Because of the obvious security issues, this option should only be
enabled on embedded devices where you control what is run in
userspace. Since that isn't generally a problem on no-MMU systems,
it is normally safe to say Y here.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/nommu-mmap.rst for more information.
config SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
def_bool y
depends on ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
choice
prompt "Memory model"
depends on SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
default SPARSEMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_SPARSEMEM_DEFAULT
default FLATMEM_MANUAL
help
This option allows you to change some of the ways that
Linux manages its memory internally. Most users will
only have one option here selected by the architecture
configuration. This is normal.
config FLATMEM_MANUAL
bool "Flat Memory"
depends on !ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE || ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE
help
This option is best suited for non-NUMA systems with
flat address space. The FLATMEM is the most efficient
system in terms of performance and resource consumption
and it is the best option for smaller systems.
For systems that have holes in their physical address
spaces and for features like NUMA and memory hotplug,
choose "Sparse Memory".
If unsure, choose this option (Flat Memory) over any other.
config SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
bool "Sparse Memory"
depends on ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
help
This will be the only option for some systems, including
memory hot-plug systems. This is normal.
This option provides efficient support for systems with
holes is their physical address space and allows memory
hot-plug and hot-remove.
If unsure, choose "Flat Memory" over this option.
endchoice
config SPARSEMEM
def_bool y
depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
config FLATMEM
def_bool y
depends on !SPARSEMEM || FLATMEM_MANUAL
#
# SPARSEMEM_EXTREME (which is the default) does some bootmem
# allocations when sparse_init() is called. If this cannot
# be done on your architecture, select this option. However,
# statically allocating the mem_section[] array can potentially
# consume vast quantities of .bss, so be careful.
#
# This option will also potentially produce smaller runtime code
# with gcc 3.4 and later.
#
config SPARSEMEM_STATIC
bool
#
# Architecture platforms which require a two level mem_section in SPARSEMEM
# must select this option. This is usually for architecture platforms with
# an extremely sparse physical address space.
#
config SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
def_bool y
depends on SPARSEMEM && !SPARSEMEM_STATIC
config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
bool
config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
bool "Sparse Memory virtual memmap"
depends on SPARSEMEM && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
default y
help
SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP uses a virtually mapped memmap to optimise
pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn operations. This is the most
efficient option when sufficient kernel resources are available.
config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_PHYS_MAP
bool
config HAVE_FAST_GUP
depends on MMU
bool
# Don't discard allocated memory used to track "memory" and "reserved" memblocks
# after early boot, so it can still be used to test for validity of memory.
# Also, memblocks are updated with memory hot(un)plug.
config ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK
bool
# Keep arch NUMA mapping infrastructure post-init.
config NUMA_KEEP_MEMINFO
bool
config MEMORY_ISOLATION
bool
# IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM regions in the kernel resource tree that are marked
# IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVE cannot be mapped to user space, for example, via
# /dev/mem.
config EXCLUSIVE_SYSTEM_RAM
def_bool y
depends on !DEVMEM || STRICT_DEVMEM
#
# Only be set on architectures that have completely implemented memory hotplug
# feature. If you are not sure, don't touch it.
#
config HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE
def_bool n
config ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
bool
config ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
bool
# eventually, we can have this option just 'select SPARSEMEM'
menuconfig MEMORY_HOTPLUG
bool "Memory hotplug"
select MEMORY_ISOLATION
depends on SPARSEMEM
depends on ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
depends on 64BIT
select NUMA_KEEP_MEMINFO if NUMA
if MEMORY_HOTPLUG
config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE
bool "Online the newly added memory blocks by default"
depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
help
This option sets the default policy setting for memory hotplug
onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks) which
determines what happens to newly added memory regions. Policy setting
can always be changed at runtime.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst for more information.
Say Y here if you want all hot-plugged memory blocks to appear in
'online' state by default.
Say N here if you want the default policy to keep all hot-plugged
memory blocks in 'offline' state.
config MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
bool "Allow for memory hot remove"
select HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE if (X86_64 || PPC64)
depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
depends on MIGRATION
config MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY
def_bool y
depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
depends on ARCH_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_ENABLE
endif # MEMORY_HOTPLUG
# Heavily threaded applications may benefit from splitting the mm-wide
# page_table_lock, so that faults on different parts of the user address
# space can be handled with less contention: split it at this NR_CPUS.
# Default to 4 for wider testing, though 8 might be more appropriate.
# ARM's adjust_pte (unused if VIPT) depends on mm-wide page_table_lock.
# PA-RISC 7xxx's spinlock_t would enlarge struct page from 32 to 44 bytes.
# SPARC32 allocates multiple pte tables within a single page, and therefore
# a per-page lock leads to problems when multiple tables need to be locked
# at the same time (e.g. copy_page_range()).
# DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC spinlock_t also enlarge struct page.
#
config SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
int
default "999999" if !MMU
default "999999" if ARM && !CPU_CACHE_VIPT
default "999999" if PARISC && !PA20
default "999999" if SPARC32
default "4"
config ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK
bool
#
# support for memory balloon
config MEMORY_BALLOON
bool
#
# support for memory balloon compaction
config BALLOON_COMPACTION
bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration"
def_bool y
depends on COMPACTION && MEMORY_BALLOON
help
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce
significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be
used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated
with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used
by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory
pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the
scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation.
#
# support for memory compaction
config COMPACTION
bool "Allow for memory compaction"
def_bool y
select MIGRATION
depends on MMU
help
Compaction is the only memory management component to form
high order (larger physically contiguous) memory blocks
reliably. The page allocator relies on compaction heavily and
the lack of the feature can lead to unexpected OOM killer
invocations for high order memory requests. You shouldn't
disable this option unless there really is a strong reason for
it and then we would be really interested to hear about that at
linux-mm@kvack.org.
config COMPACT_UNEVICTABLE_DEFAULT
int
depends on COMPACTION
default 0 if PREEMPT_RT
default 1
#
# support for free page reporting
config PAGE_REPORTING
bool "Free page reporting"
def_bool n
help
Free page reporting allows for the incremental acquisition of
free pages from the buddy allocator for the purpose of reporting
those pages to another entity, such as a hypervisor, so that the
memory can be freed within the host for other uses.
#
# support for page migration
#
config MIGRATION
bool "Page migration"
def_bool y
depends on (NUMA || ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE || COMPACTION || CMA) && MMU
help
Allows the migration of the physical location of pages of processes
while the virtual addresses are not changed. This is useful in
two situations. The first is on NUMA systems to put pages nearer
to the processors accessing. The second is when allocating huge
pages as migration can relocate pages to satisfy a huge page
allocation instead of reclaiming.
config DEVICE_MIGRATION
def_bool MIGRATION && ZONE_DEVICE
config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
bool
config ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
bool
config HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE
def_bool n
help
Allows the pageblock_order value to be dynamic instead of just standard
HUGETLB_PAGE_ORDER when there are multiple HugeTLB page sizes available
on a platform.
Note that the pageblock_order cannot exceed MAX_ORDER and will be
clamped down to MAX_ORDER.
config CONTIG_ALLOC
def_bool (MEMORY_ISOLATION && COMPACTION) || CMA
config PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
def_bool 64BIT
config BOUNCE
bool "Enable bounce buffers"
default y
depends on BLOCK && MMU && HIGHMEM
help
Enable bounce buffers for devices that cannot access the full range of
memory available to the CPU. Enabled by default when HIGHMEM is
selected, but you may say n to override this.
config MMU_NOTIFIER
bool
select SRCU
select INTERVAL_TREE
config KSM
bool "Enable KSM for page merging"
depends on MMU
select XXHASH
help
Enable Kernel Samepage Merging: KSM periodically scans those areas
of an application's address space that an app has advised may be
mergeable. When it finds pages of identical content, it replaces
the many instances by a single page with that content, so
saving memory until one or another app needs to modify the content.
Recommended for use with KVM, or with other duplicative applications.
See Documentation/mm/ksm.rst for more information: KSM is inactive
until a program has madvised that an area is MADV_MERGEABLE, and
root has set /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run to 1 (if CONFIG_SYSFS is set).
config DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR
int "Low address space to protect from user allocation"
depends on MMU
default 4096
help
This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected
from userspace allocation. Keeping a user from writing to low pages
can help reduce the impact of kernel NULL pointer bugs.
For most ia64, ppc64 and x86 users with lots of address space
a value of 65536 is reasonable and should cause no problems.
On arm and other archs it should not be higher than 32768.
Programs which use vm86 functionality or have some need to map
this low address space will need CAP_SYS_RAWIO or disable this
protection by setting the value to 0.
This value can be changed after boot using the
/proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr tunable.
config ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
bool
config MEMORY_FAILURE
depends on MMU
depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
bool "Enable recovery from hardware memory errors"
select MEMORY_ISOLATION
select RAS
help
Enables code to recover from some memory failures on systems
with MCA recovery. This allows a system to continue running
even when some of its memory has uncorrected errors. This requires
special hardware support and typically ECC memory.
config HWPOISON_INJECT
tristate "HWPoison pages injector"
depends on MEMORY_FAILURE && DEBUG_KERNEL && PROC_FS
select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
config NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS
int "Turn on mmap() excess space trimming before booting"
depends on !MMU
default 1
help
The NOMMU mmap() frequently needs to allocate large contiguous chunks
of memory on which to store mappings, but it can only ask the system
allocator for chunks in 2^N*PAGE_SIZE amounts - which is frequently
more than it requires. To deal with this, mmap() is able to trim off
the excess and return it to the allocator.
If trimming is enabled, the excess is trimmed off and returned to the
system allocator, which can cause extra fragmentation, particularly
if there are a lot of transient processes.
If trimming is disabled, the excess is kept, but not used, which for
long-term mappings means that the space is wasted.
Trimming can be dynamically controlled through a sysctl option
(/proc/sys/vm/nr_trim_pages) which specifies the minimum number of
excess pages there must be before trimming should occur, or zero if
no trimming is to occur.
This option specifies the initial value of this option. The default
of 1 says that all excess pages should be trimmed.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/nommu-mmap.rst for more information.
config ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB
bool
config ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
def_bool n
menuconfig TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
bool "Transparent Hugepage Support"
depends on HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && !PREEMPT_RT
select COMPACTION
select XARRAY_MULTI
help
Transparent Hugepages allows the kernel to use huge pages and
huge tlb transparently to the applications whenever possible.
This feature can improve computing performance to certain
applications by speeding up page faults during memory
allocation, by reducing the number of tlb misses and by speeding
up the pagetable walking.
If memory constrained on embedded, you may want to say N.
if TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
choice
prompt "Transparent Hugepage Support sysfs defaults"
depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
help
Selects the sysfs defaults for Transparent Hugepage Support.
config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
bool "always"
help
Enabling Transparent Hugepage always, can increase the
memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
benefit but it will work automatically for all applications.
config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE
bool "madvise"
help
Enabling Transparent Hugepage madvise, will only provide a
performance improvement benefit to the applications using
madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) but it won't risk to increase the
memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
benefit.
endchoice
config THP_SWAP
def_bool y
depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP && SWAP && 64BIT
help
Swap transparent huge pages in one piece, without splitting.
XXX: For now, swap cluster backing transparent huge page
will be split after swapout.
For selection by architectures with reasonable THP sizes.
config READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS
bool "Read-only THP for filesystems (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && SHMEM
help
Allow khugepaged to put read-only file-backed pages in THP.
This is marked experimental because it is a new feature. Write
support of file THPs will be developed in the next few release
cycles.
endif # TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
#
# UP and nommu archs use km based percpu allocator
#
config NEED_PER_CPU_KM
depends on !SMP || !MMU
bool
default y
config NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
bool
config NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
bool
config USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID
bool
config HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
bool
config FRONTSWAP
bool
config CMA
bool "Contiguous Memory Allocator"
depends on MMU
select MIGRATION
select MEMORY_ISOLATION
help
This enables the Contiguous Memory Allocator which allows other
subsystems to allocate big physically-contiguous blocks of memory.
CMA reserves a region of memory and allows only movable pages to
be allocated from it. This way, the kernel can use the memory for
pagecache and when a subsystem requests for contiguous area, the
allocated pages are migrated away to serve the contiguous request.
If unsure, say "n".
config CMA_DEBUG
bool "CMA debug messages (DEVELOPMENT)"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && CMA
help
Turns on debug messages in CMA. This produces KERN_DEBUG
messages for every CMA call as well as various messages while
processing calls such as dma_alloc_from_contiguous().
This option does not affect warning and error messages.
config CMA_DEBUGFS
bool "CMA debugfs interface"
depends on CMA && DEBUG_FS
help
Turns on the DebugFS interface for CMA.
config CMA_SYSFS
bool "CMA information through sysfs interface"
depends on CMA && SYSFS
help
This option exposes some sysfs attributes to get information
from CMA.
config CMA_AREAS
int "Maximum count of the CMA areas"
depends on CMA
default 19 if NUMA
default 7
help
CMA allows to create CMA areas for particular purpose, mainly,
used as device private area. This parameter sets the maximum
number of CMA area in the system.
If unsure, leave the default value "7" in UMA and "19" in NUMA.
config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
bool "Track memory changes"
depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY && PROC_FS
select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
help
This option enables memory changes tracking by introducing a
soft-dirty bit on pte-s. This bit it set when someone writes
into a page just as regular dirty bit, but unlike the latter
it can be cleared by hands.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst for more details.
config GENERIC_EARLY_IOREMAP
bool
config STACK_MAX_DEFAULT_SIZE_MB
int "Default maximum user stack size for 32-bit processes (MB)"
default 100
range 8 2048
depends on STACK_GROWSUP && (!64BIT || COMPAT)
help
This is the maximum stack size in Megabytes in the VM layout of 32-bit
user processes when the stack grows upwards (currently only on parisc
arch) when the RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is unlimited.
A sane initial value is 100 MB.
config DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
bool "Defer initialisation of struct pages to kthreads"
depends on SPARSEMEM
depends on !NEED_PER_CPU_KM
depends on 64BIT
select PADATA
help
Ordinarily all struct pages are initialised during early boot in a
single thread. On very large machines this can take a considerable
amount of time. If this option is set, large machines will bring up
a subset of memmap at boot and then initialise the rest in parallel.
This has a potential performance impact on tasks running early in the
lifetime of the system until these kthreads finish the
initialisation.
config PAGE_IDLE_FLAG
bool
select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
help
This adds PG_idle and PG_young flags to 'struct page'. PTE Accessed
bit writers can set the state of the bit in the flags so that PTE
Accessed bit readers may avoid disturbance.
config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING
bool "Enable idle page tracking"
depends on SYSFS && MMU
select PAGE_IDLE_FLAG
help
This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have
not been touched during a given period of time. This information can
be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement
within a compute cluster.
See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/idle_page_tracking.rst for
more details.
config ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
bool
config ARCH_HAS_CURRENT_STACK_POINTER
bool
help
In support of HARDENED_USERCOPY performing stack variable lifetime
checking, an architecture-agnostic way to find the stack pointer
is needed. Once an architecture defines an unsigned long global
register alias named "current_stack_pointer", this config can be
selected.
config ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP
bool
config ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
bool
config ZONE_DMA
bool "Support DMA zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
default y if ARM64 || X86
config ZONE_DMA32
bool "Support DMA32 zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
depends on !X86_32
default y if ARM64
config ZONE_DEVICE
bool "Device memory (pmem, HMM, etc...) hotplug support"
depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
depends on MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
depends on ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP
select XARRAY_MULTI
help
Device memory hotplug support allows for establishing pmem,
or other device driver discovered memory regions, in the
memmap. This allows pfn_to_page() lookups of otherwise
"device-physical" addresses which is needed for using a DAX
mapping in an O_DIRECT operation, among other things.
If FS_DAX is enabled, then say Y.
#
# Helpers to mirror range of the CPU page tables of a process into device page
# tables.
#
config HMM_MIRROR
bool
depends on MMU
config GET_FREE_REGION
depends on SPARSEMEM
bool
config DEVICE_PRIVATE
bool "Unaddressable device memory (GPU memory, ...)"
depends on ZONE_DEVICE
select GET_FREE_REGION
help
Allows creation of struct pages to represent unaddressable device
memory; i.e., memory that is only accessible from the device (or
group of devices). You likely also want to select HMM_MIRROR.
config VMAP_PFN
bool
config ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
bool
config ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
bool
config ARCH_USES_PG_ARCH_X
bool
help
Enable the definition of PG_arch_x page flags with x > 1. Only
suitable for 64-bit architectures with CONFIG_FLATMEM or
CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP enabled, otherwise there may not be
enough room for additional bits in page->flags.
config VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
default y
bool "Enable VM event counters for /proc/vmstat" if EXPERT
help
VM event counters are needed for event counts to be shown.
This option allows the disabling of the VM event counters
on EXPERT systems. /proc/vmstat will only show page counts
if VM event counters are disabled.
config PERCPU_STATS
bool "Collect percpu memory statistics"
help
This feature collects and exposes statistics via debugfs. The
information includes global and per chunk statistics, which can
be used to help understand percpu memory usage.
config GUP_TEST
bool "Enable infrastructure for get_user_pages()-related unit tests"
depends on DEBUG_FS
help
Provides /sys/kernel/debug/gup_test, which in turn provides a way
to make ioctl calls that can launch kernel-based unit tests for
the get_user_pages*() and pin_user_pages*() family of API calls.
These tests include benchmark testing of the _fast variants of
get_user_pages*() and pin_user_pages*(), as well as smoke tests of
the non-_fast variants.
There is also a sub-test that allows running dump_page() on any
of up to eight pages (selected by command line args) within the
range of user-space addresses. These pages are either pinned via
pin_user_pages*(), or pinned via get_user_pages*(), as specified
by other command line arguments.
See tools/testing/selftests/mm/gup_test.c
comment "GUP_TEST needs to have DEBUG_FS enabled"
depends on !GUP_TEST && !DEBUG_FS
config GUP_GET_PXX_LOW_HIGH
bool
config DMAPOOL_TEST
tristate "Enable a module to run time tests on dma_pool"
depends on HAS_DMA
help
Provides a test module that will allocate and free many blocks of
various sizes and report how long it takes. This is intended to
provide a consistent way to measure how changes to the
dma_pool_alloc/free routines affect performance.
config ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL
bool
#
# Some architectures require a special hugepage directory format that is
# required to support multiple hugepage sizes. For example a4fe3ce76
# "powerpc/mm: Allow more flexible layouts for hugepage pagetables"
# introduced it on powerpc. This allows for a more flexible hugepage
# pagetable layouts.
#
config ARCH_HAS_HUGEPD
bool
config MAPPING_DIRTY_HELPERS
bool
config KMAP_LOCAL
bool
config KMAP_LOCAL_NON_LINEAR_PTE_ARRAY
bool
# struct io_mapping based helper. Selected by drivers that need them
config IO_MAPPING
bool
config SECRETMEM
default y
bool "Enable memfd_secret() system call" if EXPERT
depends on ARCH_HAS_SET_DIRECT_MAP
help
Enable the memfd_secret() system call with the ability to create
memory areas visible only in the context of the owning process and
not mapped to other processes and other kernel page tables.
config ANON_VMA_NAME
bool "Anonymous VMA name support"
depends on PROC_FS && ADVISE_SYSCALLS && MMU
help
Allow naming anonymous virtual memory areas.
This feature allows assigning names to virtual memory areas. Assigned
names can be later retrieved from /proc/pid/maps and /proc/pid/smaps
and help identifying individual anonymous memory areas.
Assigning a name to anonymous virtual memory area might prevent that
area from being merged with adjacent virtual memory areas due to the
difference in their name.
config USERFAULTFD
bool "Enable userfaultfd() system call"
depends on MMU
help
Enable the userfaultfd() system call that allows to intercept and
handle page faults in userland.
config HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_WP
bool
help
Arch has userfaultfd write protection support
config HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_MINOR
bool
help
Arch has userfaultfd minor fault support
config PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP
bool "Userfaultfd write protection support for shmem/hugetlbfs"
default y
depends on HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_WP
help
Allows to create marker PTEs for userfaultfd write protection
purposes. It is required to enable userfaultfd write protection on
file-backed memory types like shmem and hugetlbfs.
# multi-gen LRU {
config LRU_GEN
bool "Multi-Gen LRU"
depends on MMU
# make sure folio->flags has enough spare bits
depends on 64BIT || !SPARSEMEM || SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
help
A high performance LRU implementation to overcommit memory. See
Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details.
config LRU_GEN_ENABLED
bool "Enable by default"
depends on LRU_GEN
help
This option enables the multi-gen LRU by default.
config LRU_GEN_STATS
bool "Full stats for debugging"
depends on LRU_GEN
help
Do not enable this option unless you plan to look at historical stats
from evicted generations for debugging purpose.
This option has a per-memcg and per-node memory overhead.
# }
config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK
def_bool n
config PER_VMA_LOCK
def_bool y
depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK && MMU && SMP
help
Allow per-vma locking during page fault handling.
This feature allows locking each virtual memory area separately when
handling page faults instead of taking mmap_lock.
source "mm/damon/Kconfig"
endmenu