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If two processes share a common memory region, they usually want some
guarantees to allow safe access. This often includes:
- one side cannot overwrite data while the other reads it
- one side cannot shrink the buffer while the other accesses it
- one side cannot grow the buffer beyond previously set boundaries
If there is a trust-relationship between both parties, there is no need
for policy enforcement. However, if there's no trust relationship (eg.,
for general-purpose IPC) sharing memory-regions is highly fragile and
often not possible without local copies. Look at the following two
use-cases:
1) A graphics client wants to share its rendering-buffer with a
graphics-server. The memory-region is allocated by the client for
read/write access and a second FD is passed to the server. While
scanning out from the memory region, the server has no guarantee that
the client doesn't shrink the buffer at any time, requiring rather
cumbersome SIGBUS handling.
2) A process wants to perform an RPC on another process. To avoid huge
bandwidth consumption, zero-copy is preferred. After a message is
assembled in-memory and a FD is passed to the remote side, both sides
want to be sure that neither modifies this shared copy, anymore. The
source may have put sensible data into the message without a separate
copy and the target may want to parse the message inline, to avoid a
local copy.
While SIGBUS handling, POSIX mandatory locking and MAP_DENYWRITE provide
ways to achieve most of this, the first one is unproportionally ugly to
use in libraries and the latter two are broken/racy or even disabled due
to denial of service attacks.
This patch introduces the concept of SEALING. If you seal a file, a
specific set of operations is blocked on that file forever. Unlike locks,
seals can only be set, never removed. Hence, once you verified a specific
set of seals is set, you're guaranteed that no-one can perform the blocked
operations on this file, anymore.
An initial set of SEALS is introduced by this patch:
- SHRINK: If SEAL_SHRINK is set, the file in question cannot be reduced
in size. This affects ftruncate() and open(O_TRUNC).
- GROW: If SEAL_GROW is set, the file in question cannot be increased
in size. This affects ftruncate(), fallocate() and write().
- WRITE: If SEAL_WRITE is set, no write operations (besides resizing)
are possible. This affects fallocate(PUNCH_HOLE), mmap() and
write().
- SEAL: If SEAL_SEAL is set, no further seals can be added to a file.
This basically prevents the F_ADD_SEAL operation on a file and
can be set to prevent others from adding further seals that you
don't want.
The described use-cases can easily use these seals to provide safe use
without any trust-relationship:
1) The graphics server can verify that a passed file-descriptor has
SEAL_SHRINK set. This allows safe scanout, while the client is
allowed to increase buffer size for window-resizing on-the-fly.
Concurrent writes are explicitly allowed.
2) For general-purpose IPC, both processes can verify that SEAL_SHRINK,
SEAL_GROW and SEAL_WRITE are set. This guarantees that neither
process can modify the data while the other side parses it.
Furthermore, it guarantees that even with writable FDs passed to the
peer, it cannot increase the size to hit memory-limits of the source
process (in case the file-storage is accounted to the source).
The new API is an extension to fcntl(), adding two new commands:
F_GET_SEALS: Return a bitset describing the seals on the file. This
can be called on any FD if the underlying file supports
sealing.
F_ADD_SEALS: Change the seals of a given file. This requires WRITE
access to the file and F_SEAL_SEAL may not already be set.
Furthermore, the underlying file must support sealing and
there may not be any existing shared mapping of that file.
Otherwise, EBADF/EPERM is returned.
The given seals are _added_ to the existing set of seals
on the file. You cannot remove seals again.
The fcntl() handler is currently specific to shmem and disabled on all
files. A file needs to explicitly support sealing for this interface to
work. A separate syscall is added in a follow-up, which creates files that
support sealing. There is no intention to support this on other
file-systems. Semantics are unclear for non-volatile files and we lack any
use-case right now. Therefore, the implementation is specific to shmem.
Signed-off-by: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Ryan Lortie <desrt@desrt.ca>
Cc: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
Cc: Daniel Mack <zonque@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
68 lines
2.2 KiB
C
68 lines
2.2 KiB
C
#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_FCNTL_H
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#define _UAPI_LINUX_FCNTL_H
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#include <asm/fcntl.h>
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#define F_SETLEASE (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 0)
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#define F_GETLEASE (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 1)
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/*
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* Cancel a blocking posix lock; internal use only until we expose an
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* asynchronous lock api to userspace:
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*/
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#define F_CANCELLK (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 5)
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/* Create a file descriptor with FD_CLOEXEC set. */
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#define F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 6)
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/*
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* Request nofications on a directory.
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* See below for events that may be notified.
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*/
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#define F_NOTIFY (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE+2)
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/*
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* Set and get of pipe page size array
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*/
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#define F_SETPIPE_SZ (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 7)
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#define F_GETPIPE_SZ (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 8)
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/*
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* Set/Get seals
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*/
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#define F_ADD_SEALS (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 9)
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#define F_GET_SEALS (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 10)
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/*
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* Types of seals
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*/
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#define F_SEAL_SEAL 0x0001 /* prevent further seals from being set */
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#define F_SEAL_SHRINK 0x0002 /* prevent file from shrinking */
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#define F_SEAL_GROW 0x0004 /* prevent file from growing */
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#define F_SEAL_WRITE 0x0008 /* prevent writes */
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/* (1U << 31) is reserved for signed error codes */
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/*
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* Types of directory notifications that may be requested.
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*/
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#define DN_ACCESS 0x00000001 /* File accessed */
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#define DN_MODIFY 0x00000002 /* File modified */
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#define DN_CREATE 0x00000004 /* File created */
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#define DN_DELETE 0x00000008 /* File removed */
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#define DN_RENAME 0x00000010 /* File renamed */
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#define DN_ATTRIB 0x00000020 /* File changed attibutes */
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#define DN_MULTISHOT 0x80000000 /* Don't remove notifier */
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#define AT_FDCWD -100 /* Special value used to indicate
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openat should use the current
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working directory. */
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#define AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW 0x100 /* Do not follow symbolic links. */
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#define AT_REMOVEDIR 0x200 /* Remove directory instead of
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unlinking file. */
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#define AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW 0x400 /* Follow symbolic links. */
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#define AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT 0x800 /* Suppress terminal automount traversal */
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#define AT_EMPTY_PATH 0x1000 /* Allow empty relative pathname */
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#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_FCNTL_H */
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