linux/arch/powerpc/kernel/perf_counter.c

/*
 * Performance counter support - powerpc architecture code
 *
 * Copyright 2008-2009 Paul Mackerras, IBM Corporation.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 */
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/perf_counter.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <asm/reg.h>
#include <asm/pmc.h>
#include <asm/machdep.h>
#include <asm/firmware.h>

struct cpu_hw_counters {
	int n_counters;
	int n_percpu;
	int disabled;
	int n_added;
	struct perf_counter *counter[MAX_HWCOUNTERS];
	unsigned int events[MAX_HWCOUNTERS];
	u64 mmcr[3];
	u8 pmcs_enabled;
};
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_hw_counters, cpu_hw_counters);

struct power_pmu *ppmu;

/*
 * Normally, to ignore kernel events we set the FCS (freeze counters
 * in supervisor mode) bit in MMCR0, but if the kernel runs with the
 * hypervisor bit set in the MSR, or if we are running on a processor
 * where the hypervisor bit is forced to 1 (as on Apple G5 processors),
 * then we need to use the FCHV bit to ignore kernel events.
 */
static unsigned int freeze_counters_kernel = MMCR0_FCS;

void perf_counter_print_debug(void)
{
}

/*
 * Read one performance monitor counter (PMC).
 */
static unsigned long read_pmc(int idx)
{
	unsigned long val;

	switch (idx) {
	case 1:
		val = mfspr(SPRN_PMC1);
		break;
	case 2:
		val = mfspr(SPRN_PMC2);
		break;
	case 3:
		val = mfspr(SPRN_PMC3);
		break;
	case 4:
		val = mfspr(SPRN_PMC4);
		break;
	case 5:
		val = mfspr(SPRN_PMC5);
		break;
	case 6:
		val = mfspr(SPRN_PMC6);
		break;
	case 7:
		val = mfspr(SPRN_PMC7);
		break;
	case 8:
		val = mfspr(SPRN_PMC8);
		break;
	default:
		printk(KERN_ERR "oops trying to read PMC%d\n", idx);
		val = 0;
	}
	return val;
}

/*
 * Write one PMC.
 */
static void write_pmc(int idx, unsigned long val)
{
	switch (idx) {
	case 1:
		mtspr(SPRN_PMC1, val);
		break;
	case 2:
		mtspr(SPRN_PMC2, val);
		break;
	case 3:
		mtspr(SPRN_PMC3, val);
		break;
	case 4:
		mtspr(SPRN_PMC4, val);
		break;
	case 5:
		mtspr(SPRN_PMC5, val);
		break;
	case 6:
		mtspr(SPRN_PMC6, val);
		break;
	case 7:
		mtspr(SPRN_PMC7, val);
		break;
	case 8:
		mtspr(SPRN_PMC8, val);
		break;
	default:
		printk(KERN_ERR "oops trying to write PMC%d\n", idx);
	}
}

/*
 * Check if a set of events can all go on the PMU at once.
 * If they can't, this will look at alternative codes for the events
 * and see if any combination of alternative codes is feasible.
 * The feasible set is returned in event[].
 */
static int power_check_constraints(unsigned int event[], int n_ev)
{
	u64 mask, value, nv;
	unsigned int alternatives[MAX_HWCOUNTERS][MAX_EVENT_ALTERNATIVES];
	u64 amasks[MAX_HWCOUNTERS][MAX_EVENT_ALTERNATIVES];
	u64 avalues[MAX_HWCOUNTERS][MAX_EVENT_ALTERNATIVES];
	u64 smasks[MAX_HWCOUNTERS], svalues[MAX_HWCOUNTERS];
	int n_alt[MAX_HWCOUNTERS], choice[MAX_HWCOUNTERS];
	int i, j;
	u64 addf = ppmu->add_fields;
	u64 tadd = ppmu->test_adder;

	if (n_ev > ppmu->n_counter)
		return -1;

	/* First see if the events will go on as-is */
	for (i = 0; i < n_ev; ++i) {
		alternatives[i][0] = event[i];
		if (ppmu->get_constraint(event[i], &amasks[i][0],
					 &avalues[i][0]))
			return -1;
		choice[i] = 0;
	}
	value = mask = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < n_ev; ++i) {
		nv = (value | avalues[i][0]) + (value & avalues[i][0] & addf);
		if ((((nv + tadd) ^ value) & mask) != 0 ||
		    (((nv + tadd) ^ avalues[i][0]) & amasks[i][0]) != 0)
			break;
		value = nv;
		mask |= amasks[i][0];
	}
	if (i == n_ev)
		return 0;	/* all OK */

	/* doesn't work, gather alternatives... */
	if (!ppmu->get_alternatives)
		return -1;
	for (i = 0; i < n_ev; ++i) {
		n_alt[i] = ppmu->get_alternatives(event[i], alternatives[i]);
		for (j = 1; j < n_alt[i]; ++j)
			ppmu->get_constraint(alternatives[i][j],
					     &amasks[i][j], &avalues[i][j]);
	}

	/* enumerate all possibilities and see if any will work */
	i = 0;
	j = -1;
	value = mask = nv = 0;
	while (i < n_ev) {
		if (j >= 0) {
			/* we're backtracking, restore context */
			value = svalues[i];
			mask = smasks[i];
			j = choice[i];
		}
		/*
		 * See if any alternative k for event i,
		 * where k > j, will satisfy the constraints.
		 */
		while (++j < n_alt[i]) {
			nv = (value | avalues[i][j]) +
				(value & avalues[i][j] & addf);
			if ((((nv + tadd) ^ value) & mask) == 0 &&
			    (((nv + tadd) ^ avalues[i][j])
			     & amasks[i][j]) == 0)
				break;
		}
		if (j >= n_alt[i]) {
			/*
			 * No feasible alternative, backtrack
			 * to event i-1 and continue enumerating its
			 * alternatives from where we got up to.
			 */
			if (--i < 0)
				return -1;
		} else {
			/*
			 * Found a feasible alternative for event i,
			 * remember where we got up to with this event,
			 * go on to the next event, and start with
			 * the first alternative for it.
			 */
			choice[i] = j;
			svalues[i] = value;
			smasks[i] = mask;
			value = nv;
			mask |= amasks[i][j];
			++i;
			j = -1;
		}
	}

	/* OK, we have a feasible combination, tell the caller the solution */
	for (i = 0; i < n_ev; ++i)
		event[i] = alternatives[i][choice[i]];
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Check if newly-added counters have consistent settings for
 * exclude_{user,kernel,hv} with each other and any previously
 * added counters.
 */
static int check_excludes(struct perf_counter **ctrs, int n_prev, int n_new)
{
	int eu, ek, eh;
	int i, n;
	struct perf_counter *counter;

	n = n_prev + n_new;
	if (n <= 1)
		return 0;

	eu = ctrs[0]->hw_event.exclude_user;
	ek = ctrs[0]->hw_event.exclude_kernel;
	eh = ctrs[0]->hw_event.exclude_hv;
	if (n_prev == 0)
		n_prev = 1;
	for (i = n_prev; i < n; ++i) {
		counter = ctrs[i];
		if (counter->hw_event.exclude_user != eu ||
		    counter->hw_event.exclude_kernel != ek ||
		    counter->hw_event.exclude_hv != eh)
			return -EAGAIN;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void power_perf_read(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
	long val, delta, prev;

	if (!counter->hw.idx)
		return;
	/*
	 * Performance monitor interrupts come even when interrupts
	 * are soft-disabled, as long as interrupts are hard-enabled.
	 * Therefore we treat them like NMIs.
	 */
	do {
		prev = atomic64_read(&counter->hw.prev_count);
		barrier();
		val = read_pmc(counter->hw.idx);
	} while (atomic64_cmpxchg(&counter->hw.prev_count, prev, val) != prev);

	/* The counters are only 32 bits wide */
	delta = (val - prev) & 0xfffffffful;
	atomic64_add(delta, &counter->count);
	atomic64_sub(delta, &counter->hw.period_left);
}

/*
 * Disable all counters to prevent PMU interrupts and to allow
 * counters to be added or removed.
 */
u64 hw_perf_save_disable(void)
{
	struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuhw;
	unsigned long ret;
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	cpuhw = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);

	ret = cpuhw->disabled;
	if (!ret) {
		cpuhw->disabled = 1;
		cpuhw->n_added = 0;

		/*
		 * Check if we ever enabled the PMU on this cpu.
		 */
		if (!cpuhw->pmcs_enabled) {
			if (ppc_md.enable_pmcs)
				ppc_md.enable_pmcs();
			cpuhw->pmcs_enabled = 1;
		}

		/*
		 * Set the 'freeze counters' bit.
		 * The barrier is to make sure the mtspr has been
		 * executed and the PMU has frozen the counters
		 * before we return.
		 */
		mtspr(SPRN_MMCR0, mfspr(SPRN_MMCR0) | MMCR0_FC);
		mb();
	}
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Re-enable all counters if disable == 0.
 * If we were previously disabled and counters were added, then
 * put the new config on the PMU.
 */
void hw_perf_restore(u64 disable)
{
	struct perf_counter *counter;
	struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuhw;
	unsigned long flags;
	long i;
	unsigned long val;
	s64 left;
	unsigned int hwc_index[MAX_HWCOUNTERS];

	if (disable)
		return;
	local_irq_save(flags);
	cpuhw = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
	cpuhw->disabled = 0;

	/*
	 * If we didn't change anything, or only removed counters,
	 * no need to recalculate MMCR* settings and reset the PMCs.
	 * Just reenable the PMU with the current MMCR* settings
	 * (possibly updated for removal of counters).
	 */
	if (!cpuhw->n_added) {
		mtspr(SPRN_MMCRA, cpuhw->mmcr[2]);
		mtspr(SPRN_MMCR1, cpuhw->mmcr[1]);
		mtspr(SPRN_MMCR0, cpuhw->mmcr[0]);
		if (cpuhw->n_counters == 0)
			get_lppaca()->pmcregs_in_use = 0;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * Compute MMCR* values for the new set of counters
	 */
	if (ppmu->compute_mmcr(cpuhw->events, cpuhw->n_counters, hwc_index,
			       cpuhw->mmcr)) {
		/* shouldn't ever get here */
		printk(KERN_ERR "oops compute_mmcr failed\n");
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * Add in MMCR0 freeze bits corresponding to the
	 * hw_event.exclude_* bits for the first counter.
	 * We have already checked that all counters have the
	 * same values for these bits as the first counter.
	 */
	counter = cpuhw->counter[0];
	if (counter->hw_event.exclude_user)
		cpuhw->mmcr[0] |= MMCR0_FCP;
	if (counter->hw_event.exclude_kernel)
		cpuhw->mmcr[0] |= freeze_counters_kernel;
	if (counter->hw_event.exclude_hv)
		cpuhw->mmcr[0] |= MMCR0_FCHV;

	/*
	 * Write the new configuration to MMCR* with the freeze
	 * bit set and set the hardware counters to their initial values.
	 * Then unfreeze the counters.
	 */
	get_lppaca()->pmcregs_in_use = 1;
	mtspr(SPRN_MMCRA, cpuhw->mmcr[2]);
	mtspr(SPRN_MMCR1, cpuhw->mmcr[1]);
	mtspr(SPRN_MMCR0, (cpuhw->mmcr[0] & ~(MMCR0_PMC1CE | MMCR0_PMCjCE))
				| MMCR0_FC);

	/*
	 * Read off any pre-existing counters that need to move
	 * to another PMC.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < cpuhw->n_counters; ++i) {
		counter = cpuhw->counter[i];
		if (counter->hw.idx && counter->hw.idx != hwc_index[i] + 1) {
			power_perf_read(counter);
			write_pmc(counter->hw.idx, 0);
			counter->hw.idx = 0;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Initialize the PMCs for all the new and moved counters.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < cpuhw->n_counters; ++i) {
		counter = cpuhw->counter[i];
		if (counter->hw.idx)
			continue;
		val = 0;
		if (counter->hw_event.irq_period) {
			left = atomic64_read(&counter->hw.period_left);
			if (left < 0x80000000L)
				val = 0x80000000L - left;
		}
		atomic64_set(&counter->hw.prev_count, val);
		counter->hw.idx = hwc_index[i] + 1;
		write_pmc(counter->hw.idx, val);
		perf_counter_update_userpage(counter);
	}
	mb();
	cpuhw->mmcr[0] |= MMCR0_PMXE | MMCR0_FCECE;
	mtspr(SPRN_MMCR0, cpuhw->mmcr[0]);

 out:
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

static int collect_events(struct perf_counter *group, int max_count,
			  struct perf_counter *ctrs[], unsigned int *events)
{
	int n = 0;
	struct perf_counter *counter;

	if (!is_software_counter(group)) {
		if (n >= max_count)
			return -1;
		ctrs[n] = group;
		events[n++] = group->hw.config;
	}
	list_for_each_entry(counter, &group->sibling_list, list_entry) {
		if (!is_software_counter(counter) &&
		    counter->state != PERF_COUNTER_STATE_OFF) {
			if (n >= max_count)
				return -1;
			ctrs[n] = counter;
			events[n++] = counter->hw.config;
		}
	}
	return n;
}

static void counter_sched_in(struct perf_counter *counter, int cpu)
{
	counter->state = PERF_COUNTER_STATE_ACTIVE;
	counter->oncpu = cpu;
	counter->tstamp_running += counter->ctx->time_now -
		counter->tstamp_stopped;
	if (is_software_counter(counter))
		counter->hw_ops->enable(counter);
}

/*
 * Called to enable a whole group of counters.
 * Returns 1 if the group was enabled, or -EAGAIN if it could not be.
 * Assumes the caller has disabled interrupts and has
 * frozen the PMU with hw_perf_save_disable.
 */
int hw_perf_group_sched_in(struct perf_counter *group_leader,
	       struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
	       struct perf_counter_context *ctx, int cpu)
{
	struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuhw;
	long i, n, n0;
	struct perf_counter *sub;

	cpuhw = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
	n0 = cpuhw->n_counters;
	n = collect_events(group_leader, ppmu->n_counter - n0,
			   &cpuhw->counter[n0], &cpuhw->events[n0]);
	if (n < 0)
		return -EAGAIN;
	if (check_excludes(cpuhw->counter, n0, n))
		return -EAGAIN;
	if (power_check_constraints(cpuhw->events, n + n0))
		return -EAGAIN;
	cpuhw->n_counters = n0 + n;
	cpuhw->n_added += n;

	/*
	 * OK, this group can go on; update counter states etc.,
	 * and enable any software counters
	 */
	for (i = n0; i < n0 + n; ++i)
		cpuhw->counter[i]->hw.config = cpuhw->events[i];
	cpuctx->active_oncpu += n;
	n = 1;
	counter_sched_in(group_leader, cpu);
	list_for_each_entry(sub, &group_leader->sibling_list, list_entry) {
		if (sub->state != PERF_COUNTER_STATE_OFF) {
			counter_sched_in(sub, cpu);
			++n;
		}
	}
	ctx->nr_active += n;

	return 1;
}

/*
 * Add a counter to the PMU.
 * If all counters are not already frozen, then we disable and
 * re-enable the PMU in order to get hw_perf_restore to do the
 * actual work of reconfiguring the PMU.
 */
static int power_perf_enable(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
	struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuhw;
	unsigned long flags;
	u64 pmudis;
	int n0;
	int ret = -EAGAIN;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	pmudis = hw_perf_save_disable();

	/*
	 * Add the counter to the list (if there is room)
	 * and check whether the total set is still feasible.
	 */
	cpuhw = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
	n0 = cpuhw->n_counters;
	if (n0 >= ppmu->n_counter)
		goto out;
	cpuhw->counter[n0] = counter;
	cpuhw->events[n0] = counter->hw.config;
	if (check_excludes(cpuhw->counter, n0, 1))
		goto out;
	if (power_check_constraints(cpuhw->events, n0 + 1))
		goto out;

	counter->hw.config = cpuhw->events[n0];
	++cpuhw->n_counters;
	++cpuhw->n_added;

	ret = 0;
 out:
	hw_perf_restore(pmudis);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Remove a counter from the PMU.
 */
static void power_perf_disable(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
	struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuhw;
	long i;
	u64 pmudis;
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	pmudis = hw_perf_save_disable();

	power_perf_read(counter);

	cpuhw = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
	for (i = 0; i < cpuhw->n_counters; ++i) {
		if (counter == cpuhw->counter[i]) {
			while (++i < cpuhw->n_counters)
				cpuhw->counter[i-1] = cpuhw->counter[i];
			--cpuhw->n_counters;
			ppmu->disable_pmc(counter->hw.idx - 1, cpuhw->mmcr);
			write_pmc(counter->hw.idx, 0);
			counter->hw.idx = 0;
			perf_counter_update_userpage(counter);
			break;
		}
	}
	if (cpuhw->n_counters == 0) {
		/* disable exceptions if no counters are running */
		cpuhw->mmcr[0] &= ~(MMCR0_PMXE | MMCR0_FCECE);
	}

	hw_perf_restore(pmudis);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

struct hw_perf_counter_ops power_perf_ops = {
	.enable = power_perf_enable,
	.disable = power_perf_disable,
	.read = power_perf_read
};

const struct hw_perf_counter_ops *
hw_perf_counter_init(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
	unsigned long ev;
	struct perf_counter *ctrs[MAX_HWCOUNTERS];
	unsigned int events[MAX_HWCOUNTERS];
	int n;

	if (!ppmu)
		return NULL;
	if ((s64)counter->hw_event.irq_period < 0)
		return NULL;
	if (!perf_event_raw(&counter->hw_event)) {
		ev = perf_event_id(&counter->hw_event);
		if (ev >= ppmu->n_generic || ppmu->generic_events[ev] == 0)
			return NULL;
		ev = ppmu->generic_events[ev];
	} else {
		ev = perf_event_config(&counter->hw_event);
	}
	counter->hw.config_base = ev;
	counter->hw.idx = 0;

	/*
	 * If we are not running on a hypervisor, force the
	 * exclude_hv bit to 0 so that we don't care what
	 * the user set it to.
	 */
	if (!firmware_has_feature(FW_FEATURE_LPAR))
		counter->hw_event.exclude_hv = 0;
	
	/*
	 * If this is in a group, check if it can go on with all the
	 * other hardware counters in the group.  We assume the counter
	 * hasn't been linked into its leader's sibling list at this point.
	 */
	n = 0;
	if (counter->group_leader != counter) {
		n = collect_events(counter->group_leader, ppmu->n_counter - 1,
				   ctrs, events);
		if (n < 0)
			return NULL;
	}
	events[n] = ev;
	ctrs[n] = counter;
	if (check_excludes(ctrs, n, 1))
		return NULL;
	if (power_check_constraints(events, n + 1))
		return NULL;

	counter->hw.config = events[n];
	atomic64_set(&counter->hw.period_left, counter->hw_event.irq_period);
	return &power_perf_ops;
}

/*
 * A counter has overflowed; update its count and record
 * things if requested.  Note that interrupts are hard-disabled
 * here so there is no possibility of being interrupted.
 */
static void record_and_restart(struct perf_counter *counter, long val,
			       struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	s64 prev, delta, left;
	int record = 0;

	/* we don't have to worry about interrupts here */
	prev = atomic64_read(&counter->hw.prev_count);
	delta = (val - prev) & 0xfffffffful;
	atomic64_add(delta, &counter->count);

	/*
	 * See if the total period for this counter has expired,
	 * and update for the next period.
	 */
	val = 0;
	left = atomic64_read(&counter->hw.period_left) - delta;
	if (counter->hw_event.irq_period) {
		if (left <= 0) {
			left += counter->hw_event.irq_period;
			if (left <= 0)
				left = counter->hw_event.irq_period;
			record = 1;
		}
		if (left < 0x80000000L)
			val = 0x80000000L - left;
	}
	write_pmc(counter->hw.idx, val);
	atomic64_set(&counter->hw.prev_count, val);
	atomic64_set(&counter->hw.period_left, left);
	perf_counter_update_userpage(counter);

	/*
	 * Finally record data if requested.
	 */
	if (record)
		perf_counter_output(counter, 1, regs);
}

/*
 * Performance monitor interrupt stuff
 */
static void perf_counter_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	int i;
	struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuhw = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
	struct perf_counter *counter;
	long val;
	int found = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < cpuhw->n_counters; ++i) {
		counter = cpuhw->counter[i];
		val = read_pmc(counter->hw.idx);
		if ((int)val < 0) {
			/* counter has overflowed */
			found = 1;
			record_and_restart(counter, val, regs);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * In case we didn't find and reset the counter that caused
	 * the interrupt, scan all counters and reset any that are
	 * negative, to avoid getting continual interrupts.
	 * Any that we processed in the previous loop will not be negative.
	 */
	if (!found) {
		for (i = 0; i < ppmu->n_counter; ++i) {
			val = read_pmc(i + 1);
			if ((int)val < 0)
				write_pmc(i + 1, 0);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Reset MMCR0 to its normal value.  This will set PMXE and
	 * clear FC (freeze counters) and PMAO (perf mon alert occurred)
	 * and thus allow interrupts to occur again.
	 * XXX might want to use MSR.PM to keep the counters frozen until
	 * we get back out of this interrupt.
	 */
	mtspr(SPRN_MMCR0, cpuhw->mmcr[0]);

	/*
	 * If we need a wakeup, check whether interrupts were soft-enabled
	 * when we took the interrupt.  If they were, we can wake stuff up
	 * immediately; otherwise we'll have do the wakeup when interrupts
	 * get soft-enabled.
	 */
	if (test_perf_counter_pending() && regs->softe) {
		irq_enter();
		clear_perf_counter_pending();
		perf_counter_do_pending();
		irq_exit();
	}
}

void hw_perf_counter_setup(int cpu)
{
	struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuhw = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_counters, cpu);

	memset(cpuhw, 0, sizeof(*cpuhw));
	cpuhw->mmcr[0] = MMCR0_FC;
}

extern struct power_pmu power4_pmu;
extern struct power_pmu ppc970_pmu;
extern struct power_pmu power5_pmu;
extern struct power_pmu power5p_pmu;
extern struct power_pmu power6_pmu;

static int init_perf_counters(void)
{
	unsigned long pvr;

	if (reserve_pmc_hardware(perf_counter_interrupt)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "Couldn't init performance monitor subsystem\n");
		return -EBUSY;
	}

	/* XXX should get this from cputable */
	pvr = mfspr(SPRN_PVR);
	switch (PVR_VER(pvr)) {
	case PV_POWER4:
	case PV_POWER4p:
		ppmu = &power4_pmu;
		break;
	case PV_970:
	case PV_970FX:
	case PV_970MP:
		ppmu = &ppc970_pmu;
		break;
	case PV_POWER5:
		ppmu = &power5_pmu;
		break;
	case PV_POWER5p:
		ppmu = &power5p_pmu;
		break;
	case 0x3e:
		ppmu = &power6_pmu;
		break;
	}

	/*
	 * Use FCHV to ignore kernel events if MSR.HV is set.
	 */
	if (mfmsr() & MSR_HV)
		freeze_counters_kernel = MMCR0_FCHV;

	return 0;
}

arch_initcall(init_perf_counters);