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dfe86cba76
SD/MMC cards tend to support an erase operation. In addition, eMMC v4.4
cards can support secure erase, trim and secure trim operations that are
all variants of the basic erase command.
SD/MMC device attributes "erase_size" and "preferred_erase_size" have been
added.
"erase_size" is the minimum size, in bytes, of an erase operation. For
MMC, "erase_size" is the erase group size reported by the card. Note that
"erase_size" does not apply to trim or secure trim operations where the
minimum size is always one 512 byte sector. For SD, "erase_size" is 512
if the card is block-addressed, 0 otherwise.
SD/MMC cards can erase an arbitrarily large area up to and
including the whole card. When erasing a large area it may
be desirable to do it in smaller chunks for three reasons:
1. A single erase command will make all other I/O on the card
wait. This is not a problem if the whole card is being erased, but
erasing one partition will make I/O for another partition on the
same card wait for the duration of the erase - which could be a
several minutes.
2. To be able to inform the user of erase progress.
3. The erase timeout becomes too large to be very useful.
Because the erase timeout contains a margin which is multiplied by
the size of the erase area, the value can end up being several
minutes for large areas.
"erase_size" is not the most efficient unit to erase (especially for SD
where it is just one sector), hence "preferred_erase_size" provides a good
chunk size for erasing large areas.
For MMC, "preferred_erase_size" is the high-capacity erase size if a card
specifies one, otherwise it is based on the capacity of the card.
For SD, "preferred_erase_size" is the allocation unit size specified by
the card.
"preferred_erase_size" is in bytes.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@nokia.com>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kmpark@infradead.org>
Cc: Madhusudhan Chikkature <madhu.cr@ti.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ben Gardiner <bengardiner@nanometrics.ca>
Cc: <linux-mmc@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
359 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
359 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
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This is a brief list of all the files in ./linux/Documentation and what
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they contain. If you add a documentation file, please list it here in
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alphabetical order as well, or risk being hunted down like a rabid dog.
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Please try and keep the descriptions small enough to fit on one line.
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Thanks -- Paul G.
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Following translations are available on the WWW:
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- Japanese, maintained by the JF Project (JF@linux.or.jp), at
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http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/
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00-INDEX
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- this file.
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ABI/
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- info on kernel <-> userspace ABI and relative interface stability.
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BUG-HUNTING
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- brute force method of doing binary search of patches to find bug.
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Changes
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- list of changes that break older software packages.
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CodingStyle
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- how the boss likes the C code in the kernel to look.
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development-process/
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- An extended tutorial on how to work with the kernel development
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process.
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DMA-API.txt
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- DMA API, pci_ API & extensions for non-consistent memory machines.
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DMA-ISA-LPC.txt
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- How to do DMA with ISA (and LPC) devices.
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DocBook/
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- directory with DocBook templates etc. for kernel documentation.
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HOWTO
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- the process and procedures of how to do Linux kernel development.
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IPMI.txt
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- info on Linux Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) Driver.
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IRQ-affinity.txt
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- how to select which CPU(s) handle which interrupt events on SMP.
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IRQ.txt
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- description of what an IRQ is.
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ManagementStyle
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- how to (attempt to) manage kernel hackers.
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RCU/
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- directory with info on RCU (read-copy update).
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SAK.txt
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- info on Secure Attention Keys.
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SM501.txt
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- Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia companion chip
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SecurityBugs
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- procedure for reporting security bugs found in the kernel.
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SubmitChecklist
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- Linux kernel patch submission checklist.
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SubmittingDrivers
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- procedure to get a new driver source included into the kernel tree.
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SubmittingPatches
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- procedure to get a source patch included into the kernel tree.
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VGA-softcursor.txt
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- how to change your VGA cursor from a blinking underscore.
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accounting/
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- documentation on accounting and taskstats.
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acpi/
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- info on ACPI-specific hooks in the kernel.
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aoe/
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- description of AoE (ATA over Ethernet) along with config examples.
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applying-patches.txt
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- description of various trees and how to apply their patches.
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arm/
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- directory with info about Linux on the ARM architecture.
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atomic_ops.txt
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- semantics and behavior of atomic and bitmask operations.
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auxdisplay/
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- misc. LCD driver documentation (cfag12864b, ks0108).
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basic_profiling.txt
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- basic instructions for those who wants to profile Linux kernel.
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binfmt_misc.txt
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- info on the kernel support for extra binary formats.
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blackfin/
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- directory with documentation for the Blackfin arch.
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block/
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- info on the Block I/O (BIO) layer.
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blockdev/
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- info on block devices & drivers
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btmrvl.txt
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- info on Marvell Bluetooth driver usage.
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bus-virt-phys-mapping.txt
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- how to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers.
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cachetlb.txt
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- describes the cache/TLB flushing interfaces Linux uses.
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cdrom/
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- directory with information on the CD-ROM drivers that Linux has.
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cgroups/
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- cgroups features, including cpusets and memory controller.
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connector/
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- docs on the netlink based userspace<->kernel space communication mod.
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console/
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- documentation on Linux console drivers.
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cpu-freq/
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- info on CPU frequency and voltage scaling.
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cpu-hotplug.txt
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- document describing CPU hotplug support in the Linux kernel.
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cpu-load.txt
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- document describing how CPU load statistics are collected.
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cpuidle/
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- info on CPU_IDLE, CPU idle state management subsystem.
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cputopology.txt
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- documentation on how CPU topology info is exported via sysfs.
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cris/
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- directory with info about Linux on CRIS architecture.
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crypto/
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- directory with info on the Crypto API.
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dcdbas.txt
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- information on the Dell Systems Management Base Driver.
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debugging-modules.txt
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- some notes on debugging modules after Linux 2.6.3.
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dell_rbu.txt
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- document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver.
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device-mapper/
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- directory with info on Device Mapper.
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devices.txt
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- plain ASCII listing of all the nodes in /dev/ with major minor #'s.
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dontdiff
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- file containing a list of files that should never be diff'ed.
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driver-model/
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- directory with info about Linux driver model.
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dvb/
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- info on Linux Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) subsystem.
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early-userspace/
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- info about initramfs, klibc, and userspace early during boot.
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edac.txt
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- information on EDAC - Error Detection And Correction
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eisa.txt
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- info on EISA bus support.
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fault-injection/
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- dir with docs about the fault injection capabilities infrastructure.
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fb/
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- directory with info on the frame buffer graphics abstraction layer.
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feature-removal-schedule.txt
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- list of files and features that are going to be removed.
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filesystems/
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- info on the vfs and the various filesystems that Linux supports.
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firmware_class/
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- request_firmware() hotplug interface info.
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frv/
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- Fujitsu FR-V Linux documentation.
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gpio.txt
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- overview of GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) access conventions.
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highuid.txt
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- notes on the change from 16 bit to 32 bit user/group IDs.
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timers/
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- info on the timer related topics
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hw_random.txt
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- info on Linux support for random number generator in i8xx chipsets.
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hwmon/
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- directory with docs on various hardware monitoring drivers.
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i2c/
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- directory with info about the I2C bus/protocol (2 wire, kHz speed).
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i2o/
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- directory with info about the Linux I2O subsystem.
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x86/i386/
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- directory with info about Linux on Intel 32 bit architecture.
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ia64/
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- directory with info about Linux on Intel 64 bit architecture.
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infiniband/
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- directory with documents concerning Linux InfiniBand support.
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initrd.txt
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- how to use the RAM disk as an initial/temporary root filesystem.
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input/
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- info on Linux input device support.
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io-mapping.txt
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- description of io_mapping functions in linux/io-mapping.h
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io_ordering.txt
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- info on ordering I/O writes to memory-mapped addresses.
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ioctl/
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- directory with documents describing various IOCTL calls.
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iostats.txt
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- info on I/O statistics Linux kernel provides.
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irqflags-tracing.txt
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- how to use the irq-flags tracing feature.
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isapnp.txt
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- info on Linux ISA Plug & Play support.
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isdn/
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- directory with info on the Linux ISDN support, and supported cards.
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java.txt
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- info on the in-kernel binary support for Java(tm).
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kbuild/
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- directory with info about the kernel build process.
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kdump/
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- directory with mini HowTo on getting the crash dump code to work.
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kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt
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- mini HowTo on generation and location of kernel documentation files.
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kernel-docs.txt
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- listing of various WWW + books that document kernel internals.
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kernel-parameters.txt
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- summary listing of command line / boot prompt args for the kernel.
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keys-request-key.txt
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- description of the kernel key request service.
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keys.txt
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- description of the kernel key retention service.
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kobject.txt
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- info of the kobject infrastructure of the Linux kernel.
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kprobes.txt
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- documents the kernel probes debugging feature.
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kref.txt
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- docs on adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects.
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laptops/
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- directory with laptop related info and laptop driver documentation.
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ldm.txt
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- a brief description of LDM (Windows Dynamic Disks).
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leds-class.txt
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- documents LED handling under Linux.
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local_ops.txt
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- semantics and behavior of local atomic operations.
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lockdep-design.txt
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- documentation on the runtime locking correctness validator.
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logo.gif
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- full colour GIF image of Linux logo (penguin - Tux).
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logo.txt
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- info on creator of above logo & site to get additional images from.
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m68k/
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- directory with info about Linux on Motorola 68k architecture.
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magic-number.txt
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- list of magic numbers used to mark/protect kernel data structures.
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mca.txt
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- info on supporting Micro Channel Architecture (e.g. PS/2) systems.
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md.txt
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- info on boot arguments for the multiple devices driver.
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memory-barriers.txt
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- info on Linux kernel memory barriers.
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memory-hotplug.txt
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- Hotpluggable memory support, how to use and current status.
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memory.txt
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- info on typical Linux memory problems.
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mips/
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- directory with info about Linux on MIPS architecture.
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mmc/
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- directory with info about the MMC subsystem
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mono.txt
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- how to execute Mono-based .NET binaries with the help of BINFMT_MISC.
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mutex-design.txt
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- info on the generic mutex subsystem.
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namespaces/
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- directory with various information about namespaces
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netlabel/
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- directory with information on the NetLabel subsystem.
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networking/
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- directory with info on various aspects of networking with Linux.
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nmi_watchdog.txt
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- info on NMI watchdog for SMP systems.
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nommu-mmap.txt
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- documentation about no-mmu memory mapping support.
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numastat.txt
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- info on how to read Numa policy hit/miss statistics in sysfs.
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oops-tracing.txt
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- how to decode those nasty internal kernel error dump messages.
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padata.txt
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- An introduction to the "padata" parallel execution API
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parisc/
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- directory with info on using Linux on PA-RISC architecture.
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parport.txt
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- how to use the parallel-port driver.
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parport-lowlevel.txt
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- description and usage of the low level parallel port functions.
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pcmcia/
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- info on the Linux PCMCIA driver.
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pi-futex.txt
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- documentation on lightweight PI-futexes.
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pnp.txt
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- Linux Plug and Play documentation.
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power/
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- directory with info on Linux PCI power management.
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powerpc/
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- directory with info on using Linux with the PowerPC.
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preempt-locking.txt
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- info on locking under a preemptive kernel.
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printk-formats.txt
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- how to get printk format specifiers right
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prio_tree.txt
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- info on radix-priority-search-tree use for indexing vmas.
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rbtree.txt
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- info on what red-black trees are and what they are for.
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robust-futex-ABI.txt
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- documentation of the robust futex ABI.
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robust-futexes.txt
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- a description of what robust futexes are.
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rt-mutex-design.txt
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- description of the RealTime mutex implementation design.
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rt-mutex.txt
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- desc. of RT-mutex subsystem with PI (Priority Inheritance) support.
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rtc.txt
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- notes on how to use the Real Time Clock (aka CMOS clock) driver.
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s390/
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- directory with info on using Linux on the IBM S390.
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scheduler/
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- directory with info on the scheduler.
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scsi/
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- directory with info on Linux scsi support.
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serial/
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- directory with info on the low level serial API.
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serial-console.txt
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- how to set up Linux with a serial line console as the default.
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sgi-ioc4.txt
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- description of the SGI IOC4 PCI (multi function) device.
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sgi-visws.txt
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- short blurb on the SGI Visual Workstations.
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sh/
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- directory with info on porting Linux to a new architecture.
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sound/
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- directory with info on sound card support.
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sparc/
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- directory with info on using Linux on Sparc architecture.
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sparse.txt
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- info on how to obtain and use the sparse tool for typechecking.
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spi/
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- overview of Linux kernel Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) support.
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spinlocks.txt
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- info on using spinlocks to provide exclusive access in kernel.
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stable_api_nonsense.txt
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- info on why the kernel does not have a stable in-kernel api or abi.
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stable_kernel_rules.txt
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- rules and procedures for the -stable kernel releases.
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svga.txt
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- short guide on selecting video modes at boot via VGA BIOS.
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sysfs-rules.txt
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- How not to use sysfs.
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sysctl/
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- directory with info on the /proc/sys/* files.
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sysrq.txt
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- info on the magic SysRq key.
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telephony/
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- directory with info on telephony (e.g. voice over IP) support.
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time_interpolators.txt
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- info on time interpolators.
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uml/
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- directory with information about User Mode Linux.
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unicode.txt
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- info on the Unicode character/font mapping used in Linux.
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unshare.txt
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- description of the Linux unshare system call.
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usb/
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- directory with info regarding the Universal Serial Bus.
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video-output.txt
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- sysfs class driver interface to enable/disable a video output device.
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video4linux/
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- directory with info regarding video/TV/radio cards and linux.
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vm/
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- directory with info on the Linux vm code.
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volatile-considered-harmful.txt
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- Why the "volatile" type class should not be used
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voyager.txt
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- guide to running Linux on the Voyager architecture.
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w1/
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- directory with documents regarding the 1-wire (w1) subsystem.
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watchdog/
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- how to auto-reboot Linux if it has "fallen and can't get up". ;-)
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x86/x86_64/
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- directory with info on Linux support for AMD x86-64 (Hammer) machines.
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zorro.txt
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- info on writing drivers for Zorro bus devices found on Amigas.
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