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Add a sentence about bootconfig override operator (":=") to bootconfig.rst. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/159482884682.126704.7198860675721719878.stgit@devnote2 Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
230 lines
7.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
230 lines
7.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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.. _bootconfig:
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==================
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Boot Configuration
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==================
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:Author: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
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Overview
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========
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The boot configuration expands the current kernel command line to support
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additional key-value data when booting the kernel in an efficient way.
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This allows administrators to pass a structured-Key config file.
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Config File Syntax
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==================
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The boot config syntax is a simple structured key-value. Each key consists
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of dot-connected-words, and key and value are connected by ``=``. The value
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has to be terminated by semi-colon (``;``) or newline (``\n``).
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For array value, array entries are separated by comma (``,``). ::
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KEY[.WORD[...]] = VALUE[, VALUE2[...]][;]
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Unlike the kernel command line syntax, spaces are OK around the comma and ``=``.
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Each key word must contain only alphabets, numbers, dash (``-``) or underscore
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(``_``). And each value only contains printable characters or spaces except
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for delimiters such as semi-colon (``;``), new-line (``\n``), comma (``,``),
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hash (``#``) and closing brace (``}``).
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If you want to use those delimiters in a value, you can use either double-
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quotes (``"VALUE"``) or single-quotes (``'VALUE'``) to quote it. Note that
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you can not escape these quotes.
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There can be a key which doesn't have value or has an empty value. Those keys
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are used for checking if the key exists or not (like a boolean).
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Key-Value Syntax
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----------------
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The boot config file syntax allows user to merge partially same word keys
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by brace. For example::
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foo.bar.baz = value1
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foo.bar.qux.quux = value2
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These can be written also in::
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foo.bar {
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baz = value1
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qux.quux = value2
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}
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Or more shorter, written as following::
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foo.bar { baz = value1; qux.quux = value2 }
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In both styles, same key words are automatically merged when parsing it
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at boot time. So you can append similar trees or key-values.
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Same-key Values
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---------------
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It is prohibited that two or more values or arrays share a same-key.
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For example,::
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foo = bar, baz
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foo = qux # !ERROR! we can not re-define same key
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If you want to update the value, you must use the override operator
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``:=`` explicitly. For example::
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foo = bar, baz
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foo := qux
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then, the ``qux`` is assigned to ``foo`` key. This is useful for
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overriding the default value by adding (partial) custom bootconfigs
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without parsing the default bootconfig.
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If you want to append the value to existing key as an array member,
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you can use ``+=`` operator. For example::
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foo = bar, baz
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foo += qux
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In this case, the key ``foo`` has ``bar``, ``baz`` and ``qux``.
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However, a sub-key and a value can not co-exist under a parent key.
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For example, following config is NOT allowed.::
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foo = value1
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foo.bar = value2 # !ERROR! subkey "bar" and value "value1" can NOT co-exist
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foo.bar := value2 # !ERROR! even with the override operator, this is NOT allowed.
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Comments
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--------
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The config syntax accepts shell-script style comments. The comments starting
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with hash ("#") until newline ("\n") will be ignored.
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::
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# comment line
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foo = value # value is set to foo.
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bar = 1, # 1st element
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2, # 2nd element
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3 # 3rd element
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This is parsed as below::
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foo = value
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bar = 1, 2, 3
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Note that you can not put a comment between value and delimiter(``,`` or
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``;``). This means following config has a syntax error ::
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key = 1 # comment
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,2
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/proc/bootconfig
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================
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/proc/bootconfig is a user-space interface of the boot config.
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Unlike /proc/cmdline, this file shows the key-value style list.
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Each key-value pair is shown in each line with following style::
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KEY[.WORDS...] = "[VALUE]"[,"VALUE2"...]
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Boot Kernel With a Boot Config
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==============================
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Since the boot configuration file is loaded with initrd, it will be added
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to the end of the initrd (initramfs) image file with size, checksum and
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12-byte magic word as below.
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[initrd][bootconfig][size(u32)][checksum(u32)][#BOOTCONFIG\n]
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The Linux kernel decodes the last part of the initrd image in memory to
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get the boot configuration data.
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Because of this "piggyback" method, there is no need to change or
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update the boot loader and the kernel image itself.
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To do this operation, Linux kernel provides "bootconfig" command under
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tools/bootconfig, which allows admin to apply or delete the config file
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to/from initrd image. You can build it by the following command::
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# make -C tools/bootconfig
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To add your boot config file to initrd image, run bootconfig as below
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(Old data is removed automatically if exists)::
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# tools/bootconfig/bootconfig -a your-config /boot/initrd.img-X.Y.Z
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To remove the config from the image, you can use -d option as below::
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# tools/bootconfig/bootconfig -d /boot/initrd.img-X.Y.Z
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Then add "bootconfig" on the normal kernel command line to tell the
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kernel to look for the bootconfig at the end of the initrd file.
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Config File Limitation
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======================
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Currently the maximum config size size is 32KB and the total key-words (not
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key-value entries) must be under 1024 nodes.
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Note: this is not the number of entries but nodes, an entry must consume
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more than 2 nodes (a key-word and a value). So theoretically, it will be
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up to 512 key-value pairs. If keys contains 3 words in average, it can
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contain 256 key-value pairs. In most cases, the number of config items
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will be under 100 entries and smaller than 8KB, so it would be enough.
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If the node number exceeds 1024, parser returns an error even if the file
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size is smaller than 32KB.
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Anyway, since bootconfig command verifies it when appending a boot config
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to initrd image, user can notice it before boot.
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Bootconfig APIs
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===============
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User can query or loop on key-value pairs, also it is possible to find
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a root (prefix) key node and find key-values under that node.
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If you have a key string, you can query the value directly with the key
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using xbc_find_value(). If you want to know what keys exist in the boot
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config, you can use xbc_for_each_key_value() to iterate key-value pairs.
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Note that you need to use xbc_array_for_each_value() for accessing
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each array's value, e.g.::
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vnode = NULL;
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xbc_find_value("key.word", &vnode);
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if (vnode && xbc_node_is_array(vnode))
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xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, value) {
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printk("%s ", value);
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}
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If you want to focus on keys which have a prefix string, you can use
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xbc_find_node() to find a node by the prefix string, and iterate
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keys under the prefix node with xbc_node_for_each_key_value().
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But the most typical usage is to get the named value under prefix
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or get the named array under prefix as below::
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root = xbc_find_node("key.prefix");
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value = xbc_node_find_value(root, "option", &vnode);
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...
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xbc_node_for_each_array_value(root, "array-option", value, anode) {
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...
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}
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This accesses a value of "key.prefix.option" and an array of
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"key.prefix.array-option".
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Locking is not needed, since after initialization, the config becomes
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read-only. All data and keys must be copied if you need to modify it.
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Functions and structures
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========================
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.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bootconfig.h
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.. kernel-doc:: lib/bootconfig.c
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