linux/fs/btrfs/compression.c
Timofey Titovets 19562430c6 Btrfs: heuristic: add Shannon entropy calculation
Byte distribution check in heuristic will filter edge data cases and
some time fail to classify input data.

Let's fix that by adding Shannon entropy calculation, that will cover
classification of most other data types.

As Shannon entropy needs log2 with some precision to work, let's use
ilog2(N) and for increased precision, by do ilog2(pow(N, 4)).

Shannon entropy has been slightly changed to avoid signed numbers and
division.

The calculation is direct by the formula, successor of precalculated
table or chains of if-else.

The accuracy errors of ilog2 are compensated by

@ENTROPY_LVL_ACEPTABLE 70 -> 65
@ENTROPY_LVL_HIGH      85 -> 80

Signed-off-by: Timofey Titovets <nefelim4ag@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
[ update comments ]
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
2017-11-01 20:45:36 +01:00

1533 lines
39 KiB
C

/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 Oracle. All rights reserved.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
* License v2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
* License along with this program; if not, write to the
* Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
* Boston, MA 021110-1307, USA.
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/mpage.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include "ctree.h"
#include "disk-io.h"
#include "transaction.h"
#include "btrfs_inode.h"
#include "volumes.h"
#include "ordered-data.h"
#include "compression.h"
#include "extent_io.h"
#include "extent_map.h"
static int btrfs_decompress_bio(struct compressed_bio *cb);
static inline int compressed_bio_size(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
unsigned long disk_size)
{
u16 csum_size = btrfs_super_csum_size(fs_info->super_copy);
return sizeof(struct compressed_bio) +
(DIV_ROUND_UP(disk_size, fs_info->sectorsize)) * csum_size;
}
static int check_compressed_csum(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
struct compressed_bio *cb,
u64 disk_start)
{
int ret;
struct page *page;
unsigned long i;
char *kaddr;
u32 csum;
u32 *cb_sum = &cb->sums;
if (inode->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM)
return 0;
for (i = 0; i < cb->nr_pages; i++) {
page = cb->compressed_pages[i];
csum = ~(u32)0;
kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
csum = btrfs_csum_data(kaddr, csum, PAGE_SIZE);
btrfs_csum_final(csum, (u8 *)&csum);
kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
if (csum != *cb_sum) {
btrfs_print_data_csum_error(inode, disk_start, csum,
*cb_sum, cb->mirror_num);
ret = -EIO;
goto fail;
}
cb_sum++;
}
ret = 0;
fail:
return ret;
}
/* when we finish reading compressed pages from the disk, we
* decompress them and then run the bio end_io routines on the
* decompressed pages (in the inode address space).
*
* This allows the checksumming and other IO error handling routines
* to work normally
*
* The compressed pages are freed here, and it must be run
* in process context
*/
static void end_compressed_bio_read(struct bio *bio)
{
struct compressed_bio *cb = bio->bi_private;
struct inode *inode;
struct page *page;
unsigned long index;
unsigned int mirror = btrfs_io_bio(bio)->mirror_num;
int ret = 0;
if (bio->bi_status)
cb->errors = 1;
/* if there are more bios still pending for this compressed
* extent, just exit
*/
if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&cb->pending_bios))
goto out;
/*
* Record the correct mirror_num in cb->orig_bio so that
* read-repair can work properly.
*/
ASSERT(btrfs_io_bio(cb->orig_bio));
btrfs_io_bio(cb->orig_bio)->mirror_num = mirror;
cb->mirror_num = mirror;
/*
* Some IO in this cb have failed, just skip checksum as there
* is no way it could be correct.
*/
if (cb->errors == 1)
goto csum_failed;
inode = cb->inode;
ret = check_compressed_csum(BTRFS_I(inode), cb,
(u64)bio->bi_iter.bi_sector << 9);
if (ret)
goto csum_failed;
/* ok, we're the last bio for this extent, lets start
* the decompression.
*/
ret = btrfs_decompress_bio(cb);
csum_failed:
if (ret)
cb->errors = 1;
/* release the compressed pages */
index = 0;
for (index = 0; index < cb->nr_pages; index++) {
page = cb->compressed_pages[index];
page->mapping = NULL;
put_page(page);
}
/* do io completion on the original bio */
if (cb->errors) {
bio_io_error(cb->orig_bio);
} else {
int i;
struct bio_vec *bvec;
/*
* we have verified the checksum already, set page
* checked so the end_io handlers know about it
*/
ASSERT(!bio_flagged(bio, BIO_CLONED));
bio_for_each_segment_all(bvec, cb->orig_bio, i)
SetPageChecked(bvec->bv_page);
bio_endio(cb->orig_bio);
}
/* finally free the cb struct */
kfree(cb->compressed_pages);
kfree(cb);
out:
bio_put(bio);
}
/*
* Clear the writeback bits on all of the file
* pages for a compressed write
*/
static noinline void end_compressed_writeback(struct inode *inode,
const struct compressed_bio *cb)
{
unsigned long index = cb->start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
unsigned long end_index = (cb->start + cb->len - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
struct page *pages[16];
unsigned long nr_pages = end_index - index + 1;
int i;
int ret;
if (cb->errors)
mapping_set_error(inode->i_mapping, -EIO);
while (nr_pages > 0) {
ret = find_get_pages_contig(inode->i_mapping, index,
min_t(unsigned long,
nr_pages, ARRAY_SIZE(pages)), pages);
if (ret == 0) {
nr_pages -= 1;
index += 1;
continue;
}
for (i = 0; i < ret; i++) {
if (cb->errors)
SetPageError(pages[i]);
end_page_writeback(pages[i]);
put_page(pages[i]);
}
nr_pages -= ret;
index += ret;
}
/* the inode may be gone now */
}
/*
* do the cleanup once all the compressed pages hit the disk.
* This will clear writeback on the file pages and free the compressed
* pages.
*
* This also calls the writeback end hooks for the file pages so that
* metadata and checksums can be updated in the file.
*/
static void end_compressed_bio_write(struct bio *bio)
{
struct extent_io_tree *tree;
struct compressed_bio *cb = bio->bi_private;
struct inode *inode;
struct page *page;
unsigned long index;
if (bio->bi_status)
cb->errors = 1;
/* if there are more bios still pending for this compressed
* extent, just exit
*/
if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&cb->pending_bios))
goto out;
/* ok, we're the last bio for this extent, step one is to
* call back into the FS and do all the end_io operations
*/
inode = cb->inode;
tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
cb->compressed_pages[0]->mapping = cb->inode->i_mapping;
tree->ops->writepage_end_io_hook(cb->compressed_pages[0],
cb->start,
cb->start + cb->len - 1,
NULL,
bio->bi_status ?
BLK_STS_OK : BLK_STS_NOTSUPP);
cb->compressed_pages[0]->mapping = NULL;
end_compressed_writeback(inode, cb);
/* note, our inode could be gone now */
/*
* release the compressed pages, these came from alloc_page and
* are not attached to the inode at all
*/
index = 0;
for (index = 0; index < cb->nr_pages; index++) {
page = cb->compressed_pages[index];
page->mapping = NULL;
put_page(page);
}
/* finally free the cb struct */
kfree(cb->compressed_pages);
kfree(cb);
out:
bio_put(bio);
}
/*
* worker function to build and submit bios for previously compressed pages.
* The corresponding pages in the inode should be marked for writeback
* and the compressed pages should have a reference on them for dropping
* when the IO is complete.
*
* This also checksums the file bytes and gets things ready for
* the end io hooks.
*/
blk_status_t btrfs_submit_compressed_write(struct inode *inode, u64 start,
unsigned long len, u64 disk_start,
unsigned long compressed_len,
struct page **compressed_pages,
unsigned long nr_pages)
{
struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb);
struct bio *bio = NULL;
struct compressed_bio *cb;
unsigned long bytes_left;
struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
int pg_index = 0;
struct page *page;
u64 first_byte = disk_start;
struct block_device *bdev;
blk_status_t ret;
int skip_sum = BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM;
WARN_ON(start & ((u64)PAGE_SIZE - 1));
cb = kmalloc(compressed_bio_size(fs_info, compressed_len), GFP_NOFS);
if (!cb)
return BLK_STS_RESOURCE;
refcount_set(&cb->pending_bios, 0);
cb->errors = 0;
cb->inode = inode;
cb->start = start;
cb->len = len;
cb->mirror_num = 0;
cb->compressed_pages = compressed_pages;
cb->compressed_len = compressed_len;
cb->orig_bio = NULL;
cb->nr_pages = nr_pages;
bdev = fs_info->fs_devices->latest_bdev;
bio = btrfs_bio_alloc(bdev, first_byte);
bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_WRITE, 0);
bio->bi_private = cb;
bio->bi_end_io = end_compressed_bio_write;
refcount_set(&cb->pending_bios, 1);
/* create and submit bios for the compressed pages */
bytes_left = compressed_len;
for (pg_index = 0; pg_index < cb->nr_pages; pg_index++) {
int submit = 0;
page = compressed_pages[pg_index];
page->mapping = inode->i_mapping;
if (bio->bi_iter.bi_size)
submit = io_tree->ops->merge_bio_hook(page, 0,
PAGE_SIZE,
bio, 0);
page->mapping = NULL;
if (submit || bio_add_page(bio, page, PAGE_SIZE, 0) <
PAGE_SIZE) {
bio_get(bio);
/*
* inc the count before we submit the bio so
* we know the end IO handler won't happen before
* we inc the count. Otherwise, the cb might get
* freed before we're done setting it up
*/
refcount_inc(&cb->pending_bios);
ret = btrfs_bio_wq_end_io(fs_info, bio,
BTRFS_WQ_ENDIO_DATA);
BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
if (!skip_sum) {
ret = btrfs_csum_one_bio(inode, bio, start, 1);
BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
}
ret = btrfs_map_bio(fs_info, bio, 0, 1);
if (ret) {
bio->bi_status = ret;
bio_endio(bio);
}
bio_put(bio);
bio = btrfs_bio_alloc(bdev, first_byte);
bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_WRITE, 0);
bio->bi_private = cb;
bio->bi_end_io = end_compressed_bio_write;
bio_add_page(bio, page, PAGE_SIZE, 0);
}
if (bytes_left < PAGE_SIZE) {
btrfs_info(fs_info,
"bytes left %lu compress len %lu nr %lu",
bytes_left, cb->compressed_len, cb->nr_pages);
}
bytes_left -= PAGE_SIZE;
first_byte += PAGE_SIZE;
cond_resched();
}
bio_get(bio);
ret = btrfs_bio_wq_end_io(fs_info, bio, BTRFS_WQ_ENDIO_DATA);
BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
if (!skip_sum) {
ret = btrfs_csum_one_bio(inode, bio, start, 1);
BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
}
ret = btrfs_map_bio(fs_info, bio, 0, 1);
if (ret) {
bio->bi_status = ret;
bio_endio(bio);
}
bio_put(bio);
return 0;
}
static u64 bio_end_offset(struct bio *bio)
{
struct bio_vec *last = &bio->bi_io_vec[bio->bi_vcnt - 1];
return page_offset(last->bv_page) + last->bv_len + last->bv_offset;
}
static noinline int add_ra_bio_pages(struct inode *inode,
u64 compressed_end,
struct compressed_bio *cb)
{
unsigned long end_index;
unsigned long pg_index;
u64 last_offset;
u64 isize = i_size_read(inode);
int ret;
struct page *page;
unsigned long nr_pages = 0;
struct extent_map *em;
struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
struct extent_map_tree *em_tree;
struct extent_io_tree *tree;
u64 end;
int misses = 0;
last_offset = bio_end_offset(cb->orig_bio);
em_tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->extent_tree;
tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
if (isize == 0)
return 0;
end_index = (i_size_read(inode) - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
while (last_offset < compressed_end) {
pg_index = last_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (pg_index > end_index)
break;
rcu_read_lock();
page = radix_tree_lookup(&mapping->page_tree, pg_index);
rcu_read_unlock();
if (page && !radix_tree_exceptional_entry(page)) {
misses++;
if (misses > 4)
break;
goto next;
}
page = __page_cache_alloc(mapping_gfp_constraint(mapping,
~__GFP_FS));
if (!page)
break;
if (add_to_page_cache_lru(page, mapping, pg_index, GFP_NOFS)) {
put_page(page);
goto next;
}
end = last_offset + PAGE_SIZE - 1;
/*
* at this point, we have a locked page in the page cache
* for these bytes in the file. But, we have to make
* sure they map to this compressed extent on disk.
*/
set_page_extent_mapped(page);
lock_extent(tree, last_offset, end);
read_lock(&em_tree->lock);
em = lookup_extent_mapping(em_tree, last_offset,
PAGE_SIZE);
read_unlock(&em_tree->lock);
if (!em || last_offset < em->start ||
(last_offset + PAGE_SIZE > extent_map_end(em)) ||
(em->block_start >> 9) != cb->orig_bio->bi_iter.bi_sector) {
free_extent_map(em);
unlock_extent(tree, last_offset, end);
unlock_page(page);
put_page(page);
break;
}
free_extent_map(em);
if (page->index == end_index) {
char *userpage;
size_t zero_offset = isize & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
if (zero_offset) {
int zeros;
zeros = PAGE_SIZE - zero_offset;
userpage = kmap_atomic(page);
memset(userpage + zero_offset, 0, zeros);
flush_dcache_page(page);
kunmap_atomic(userpage);
}
}
ret = bio_add_page(cb->orig_bio, page,
PAGE_SIZE, 0);
if (ret == PAGE_SIZE) {
nr_pages++;
put_page(page);
} else {
unlock_extent(tree, last_offset, end);
unlock_page(page);
put_page(page);
break;
}
next:
last_offset += PAGE_SIZE;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* for a compressed read, the bio we get passed has all the inode pages
* in it. We don't actually do IO on those pages but allocate new ones
* to hold the compressed pages on disk.
*
* bio->bi_iter.bi_sector points to the compressed extent on disk
* bio->bi_io_vec points to all of the inode pages
*
* After the compressed pages are read, we copy the bytes into the
* bio we were passed and then call the bio end_io calls
*/
blk_status_t btrfs_submit_compressed_read(struct inode *inode, struct bio *bio,
int mirror_num, unsigned long bio_flags)
{
struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb);
struct extent_io_tree *tree;
struct extent_map_tree *em_tree;
struct compressed_bio *cb;
unsigned long compressed_len;
unsigned long nr_pages;
unsigned long pg_index;
struct page *page;
struct block_device *bdev;
struct bio *comp_bio;
u64 cur_disk_byte = (u64)bio->bi_iter.bi_sector << 9;
u64 em_len;
u64 em_start;
struct extent_map *em;
blk_status_t ret = BLK_STS_RESOURCE;
int faili = 0;
u32 *sums;
tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
em_tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->extent_tree;
/* we need the actual starting offset of this extent in the file */
read_lock(&em_tree->lock);
em = lookup_extent_mapping(em_tree,
page_offset(bio->bi_io_vec->bv_page),
PAGE_SIZE);
read_unlock(&em_tree->lock);
if (!em)
return BLK_STS_IOERR;
compressed_len = em->block_len;
cb = kmalloc(compressed_bio_size(fs_info, compressed_len), GFP_NOFS);
if (!cb)
goto out;
refcount_set(&cb->pending_bios, 0);
cb->errors = 0;
cb->inode = inode;
cb->mirror_num = mirror_num;
sums = &cb->sums;
cb->start = em->orig_start;
em_len = em->len;
em_start = em->start;
free_extent_map(em);
em = NULL;
cb->len = bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
cb->compressed_len = compressed_len;
cb->compress_type = extent_compress_type(bio_flags);
cb->orig_bio = bio;
nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(compressed_len, PAGE_SIZE);
cb->compressed_pages = kcalloc(nr_pages, sizeof(struct page *),
GFP_NOFS);
if (!cb->compressed_pages)
goto fail1;
bdev = fs_info->fs_devices->latest_bdev;
for (pg_index = 0; pg_index < nr_pages; pg_index++) {
cb->compressed_pages[pg_index] = alloc_page(GFP_NOFS |
__GFP_HIGHMEM);
if (!cb->compressed_pages[pg_index]) {
faili = pg_index - 1;
ret = BLK_STS_RESOURCE;
goto fail2;
}
}
faili = nr_pages - 1;
cb->nr_pages = nr_pages;
add_ra_bio_pages(inode, em_start + em_len, cb);
/* include any pages we added in add_ra-bio_pages */
cb->len = bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
comp_bio = btrfs_bio_alloc(bdev, cur_disk_byte);
bio_set_op_attrs (comp_bio, REQ_OP_READ, 0);
comp_bio->bi_private = cb;
comp_bio->bi_end_io = end_compressed_bio_read;
refcount_set(&cb->pending_bios, 1);
for (pg_index = 0; pg_index < nr_pages; pg_index++) {
int submit = 0;
page = cb->compressed_pages[pg_index];
page->mapping = inode->i_mapping;
page->index = em_start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (comp_bio->bi_iter.bi_size)
submit = tree->ops->merge_bio_hook(page, 0,
PAGE_SIZE,
comp_bio, 0);
page->mapping = NULL;
if (submit || bio_add_page(comp_bio, page, PAGE_SIZE, 0) <
PAGE_SIZE) {
bio_get(comp_bio);
ret = btrfs_bio_wq_end_io(fs_info, comp_bio,
BTRFS_WQ_ENDIO_DATA);
BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
/*
* inc the count before we submit the bio so
* we know the end IO handler won't happen before
* we inc the count. Otherwise, the cb might get
* freed before we're done setting it up
*/
refcount_inc(&cb->pending_bios);
if (!(BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM)) {
ret = btrfs_lookup_bio_sums(inode, comp_bio,
sums);
BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
}
sums += DIV_ROUND_UP(comp_bio->bi_iter.bi_size,
fs_info->sectorsize);
ret = btrfs_map_bio(fs_info, comp_bio, mirror_num, 0);
if (ret) {
comp_bio->bi_status = ret;
bio_endio(comp_bio);
}
bio_put(comp_bio);
comp_bio = btrfs_bio_alloc(bdev, cur_disk_byte);
bio_set_op_attrs(comp_bio, REQ_OP_READ, 0);
comp_bio->bi_private = cb;
comp_bio->bi_end_io = end_compressed_bio_read;
bio_add_page(comp_bio, page, PAGE_SIZE, 0);
}
cur_disk_byte += PAGE_SIZE;
}
bio_get(comp_bio);
ret = btrfs_bio_wq_end_io(fs_info, comp_bio, BTRFS_WQ_ENDIO_DATA);
BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
if (!(BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM)) {
ret = btrfs_lookup_bio_sums(inode, comp_bio, sums);
BUG_ON(ret); /* -ENOMEM */
}
ret = btrfs_map_bio(fs_info, comp_bio, mirror_num, 0);
if (ret) {
comp_bio->bi_status = ret;
bio_endio(comp_bio);
}
bio_put(comp_bio);
return 0;
fail2:
while (faili >= 0) {
__free_page(cb->compressed_pages[faili]);
faili--;
}
kfree(cb->compressed_pages);
fail1:
kfree(cb);
out:
free_extent_map(em);
return ret;
}
/*
* Heuristic uses systematic sampling to collect data from the input data
* range, the logic can be tuned by the following constants:
*
* @SAMPLING_READ_SIZE - how many bytes will be copied from for each sample
* @SAMPLING_INTERVAL - range from which the sampled data can be collected
*/
#define SAMPLING_READ_SIZE (16)
#define SAMPLING_INTERVAL (256)
/*
* For statistical analysis of the input data we consider bytes that form a
* Galois Field of 256 objects. Each object has an attribute count, ie. how
* many times the object appeared in the sample.
*/
#define BUCKET_SIZE (256)
/*
* The size of the sample is based on a statistical sampling rule of thumb.
* The common way is to perform sampling tests as long as the number of
* elements in each cell is at least 5.
*
* Instead of 5, we choose 32 to obtain more accurate results.
* If the data contain the maximum number of symbols, which is 256, we obtain a
* sample size bound by 8192.
*
* For a sample of at most 8KB of data per data range: 16 consecutive bytes
* from up to 512 locations.
*/
#define MAX_SAMPLE_SIZE (BTRFS_MAX_UNCOMPRESSED * \
SAMPLING_READ_SIZE / SAMPLING_INTERVAL)
struct bucket_item {
u32 count;
};
struct heuristic_ws {
/* Partial copy of input data */
u8 *sample;
u32 sample_size;
/* Buckets store counters for each byte value */
struct bucket_item *bucket;
struct list_head list;
};
static void free_heuristic_ws(struct list_head *ws)
{
struct heuristic_ws *workspace;
workspace = list_entry(ws, struct heuristic_ws, list);
kvfree(workspace->sample);
kfree(workspace->bucket);
kfree(workspace);
}
static struct list_head *alloc_heuristic_ws(void)
{
struct heuristic_ws *ws;
ws = kzalloc(sizeof(*ws), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ws)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
ws->sample = kvmalloc(MAX_SAMPLE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ws->sample)
goto fail;
ws->bucket = kcalloc(BUCKET_SIZE, sizeof(*ws->bucket), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ws->bucket)
goto fail;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ws->list);
return &ws->list;
fail:
free_heuristic_ws(&ws->list);
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}
struct workspaces_list {
struct list_head idle_ws;
spinlock_t ws_lock;
/* Number of free workspaces */
int free_ws;
/* Total number of allocated workspaces */
atomic_t total_ws;
/* Waiters for a free workspace */
wait_queue_head_t ws_wait;
};
static struct workspaces_list btrfs_comp_ws[BTRFS_COMPRESS_TYPES];
static struct workspaces_list btrfs_heuristic_ws;
static const struct btrfs_compress_op * const btrfs_compress_op[] = {
&btrfs_zlib_compress,
&btrfs_lzo_compress,
&btrfs_zstd_compress,
};
void __init btrfs_init_compress(void)
{
struct list_head *workspace;
int i;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&btrfs_heuristic_ws.idle_ws);
spin_lock_init(&btrfs_heuristic_ws.ws_lock);
atomic_set(&btrfs_heuristic_ws.total_ws, 0);
init_waitqueue_head(&btrfs_heuristic_ws.ws_wait);
workspace = alloc_heuristic_ws();
if (IS_ERR(workspace)) {
pr_warn(
"BTRFS: cannot preallocate heuristic workspace, will try later\n");
} else {
atomic_set(&btrfs_heuristic_ws.total_ws, 1);
btrfs_heuristic_ws.free_ws = 1;
list_add(workspace, &btrfs_heuristic_ws.idle_ws);
}
for (i = 0; i < BTRFS_COMPRESS_TYPES; i++) {
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&btrfs_comp_ws[i].idle_ws);
spin_lock_init(&btrfs_comp_ws[i].ws_lock);
atomic_set(&btrfs_comp_ws[i].total_ws, 0);
init_waitqueue_head(&btrfs_comp_ws[i].ws_wait);
/*
* Preallocate one workspace for each compression type so
* we can guarantee forward progress in the worst case
*/
workspace = btrfs_compress_op[i]->alloc_workspace();
if (IS_ERR(workspace)) {
pr_warn("BTRFS: cannot preallocate compression workspace, will try later\n");
} else {
atomic_set(&btrfs_comp_ws[i].total_ws, 1);
btrfs_comp_ws[i].free_ws = 1;
list_add(workspace, &btrfs_comp_ws[i].idle_ws);
}
}
}
/*
* This finds an available workspace or allocates a new one.
* If it's not possible to allocate a new one, waits until there's one.
* Preallocation makes a forward progress guarantees and we do not return
* errors.
*/
static struct list_head *__find_workspace(int type, bool heuristic)
{
struct list_head *workspace;
int cpus = num_online_cpus();
int idx = type - 1;
unsigned nofs_flag;
struct list_head *idle_ws;
spinlock_t *ws_lock;
atomic_t *total_ws;
wait_queue_head_t *ws_wait;
int *free_ws;
if (heuristic) {
idle_ws = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.idle_ws;
ws_lock = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.ws_lock;
total_ws = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.total_ws;
ws_wait = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.ws_wait;
free_ws = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.free_ws;
} else {
idle_ws = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].idle_ws;
ws_lock = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].ws_lock;
total_ws = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].total_ws;
ws_wait = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].ws_wait;
free_ws = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].free_ws;
}
again:
spin_lock(ws_lock);
if (!list_empty(idle_ws)) {
workspace = idle_ws->next;
list_del(workspace);
(*free_ws)--;
spin_unlock(ws_lock);
return workspace;
}
if (atomic_read(total_ws) > cpus) {
DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
spin_unlock(ws_lock);
prepare_to_wait(ws_wait, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
if (atomic_read(total_ws) > cpus && !*free_ws)
schedule();
finish_wait(ws_wait, &wait);
goto again;
}
atomic_inc(total_ws);
spin_unlock(ws_lock);
/*
* Allocation helpers call vmalloc that can't use GFP_NOFS, so we have
* to turn it off here because we might get called from the restricted
* context of btrfs_compress_bio/btrfs_compress_pages
*/
nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
if (heuristic)
workspace = alloc_heuristic_ws();
else
workspace = btrfs_compress_op[idx]->alloc_workspace();
memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
if (IS_ERR(workspace)) {
atomic_dec(total_ws);
wake_up(ws_wait);
/*
* Do not return the error but go back to waiting. There's a
* workspace preallocated for each type and the compression
* time is bounded so we get to a workspace eventually. This
* makes our caller's life easier.
*
* To prevent silent and low-probability deadlocks (when the
* initial preallocation fails), check if there are any
* workspaces at all.
*/
if (atomic_read(total_ws) == 0) {
static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(_rs,
/* once per minute */ 60 * HZ,
/* no burst */ 1);
if (__ratelimit(&_rs)) {
pr_warn("BTRFS: no compression workspaces, low memory, retrying\n");
}
}
goto again;
}
return workspace;
}
static struct list_head *find_workspace(int type)
{
return __find_workspace(type, false);
}
/*
* put a workspace struct back on the list or free it if we have enough
* idle ones sitting around
*/
static void __free_workspace(int type, struct list_head *workspace,
bool heuristic)
{
int idx = type - 1;
struct list_head *idle_ws;
spinlock_t *ws_lock;
atomic_t *total_ws;
wait_queue_head_t *ws_wait;
int *free_ws;
if (heuristic) {
idle_ws = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.idle_ws;
ws_lock = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.ws_lock;
total_ws = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.total_ws;
ws_wait = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.ws_wait;
free_ws = &btrfs_heuristic_ws.free_ws;
} else {
idle_ws = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].idle_ws;
ws_lock = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].ws_lock;
total_ws = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].total_ws;
ws_wait = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].ws_wait;
free_ws = &btrfs_comp_ws[idx].free_ws;
}
spin_lock(ws_lock);
if (*free_ws <= num_online_cpus()) {
list_add(workspace, idle_ws);
(*free_ws)++;
spin_unlock(ws_lock);
goto wake;
}
spin_unlock(ws_lock);
if (heuristic)
free_heuristic_ws(workspace);
else
btrfs_compress_op[idx]->free_workspace(workspace);
atomic_dec(total_ws);
wake:
/*
* Make sure counter is updated before we wake up waiters.
*/
smp_mb();
if (waitqueue_active(ws_wait))
wake_up(ws_wait);
}
static void free_workspace(int type, struct list_head *ws)
{
return __free_workspace(type, ws, false);
}
/*
* cleanup function for module exit
*/
static void free_workspaces(void)
{
struct list_head *workspace;
int i;
while (!list_empty(&btrfs_heuristic_ws.idle_ws)) {
workspace = btrfs_heuristic_ws.idle_ws.next;
list_del(workspace);
free_heuristic_ws(workspace);
atomic_dec(&btrfs_heuristic_ws.total_ws);
}
for (i = 0; i < BTRFS_COMPRESS_TYPES; i++) {
while (!list_empty(&btrfs_comp_ws[i].idle_ws)) {
workspace = btrfs_comp_ws[i].idle_ws.next;
list_del(workspace);
btrfs_compress_op[i]->free_workspace(workspace);
atomic_dec(&btrfs_comp_ws[i].total_ws);
}
}
}
/*
* Given an address space and start and length, compress the bytes into @pages
* that are allocated on demand.
*
* @type_level is encoded algorithm and level, where level 0 means whatever
* default the algorithm chooses and is opaque here;
* - compression algo are 0-3
* - the level are bits 4-7
*
* @out_pages is an in/out parameter, holds maximum number of pages to allocate
* and returns number of actually allocated pages
*
* @total_in is used to return the number of bytes actually read. It
* may be smaller than the input length if we had to exit early because we
* ran out of room in the pages array or because we cross the
* max_out threshold.
*
* @total_out is an in/out parameter, must be set to the input length and will
* be also used to return the total number of compressed bytes
*
* @max_out tells us the max number of bytes that we're allowed to
* stuff into pages
*/
int btrfs_compress_pages(unsigned int type_level, struct address_space *mapping,
u64 start, struct page **pages,
unsigned long *out_pages,
unsigned long *total_in,
unsigned long *total_out)
{
struct list_head *workspace;
int ret;
int type = type_level & 0xF;
workspace = find_workspace(type);
btrfs_compress_op[type - 1]->set_level(workspace, type_level);
ret = btrfs_compress_op[type-1]->compress_pages(workspace, mapping,
start, pages,
out_pages,
total_in, total_out);
free_workspace(type, workspace);
return ret;
}
/*
* pages_in is an array of pages with compressed data.
*
* disk_start is the starting logical offset of this array in the file
*
* orig_bio contains the pages from the file that we want to decompress into
*
* srclen is the number of bytes in pages_in
*
* The basic idea is that we have a bio that was created by readpages.
* The pages in the bio are for the uncompressed data, and they may not
* be contiguous. They all correspond to the range of bytes covered by
* the compressed extent.
*/
static int btrfs_decompress_bio(struct compressed_bio *cb)
{
struct list_head *workspace;
int ret;
int type = cb->compress_type;
workspace = find_workspace(type);
ret = btrfs_compress_op[type - 1]->decompress_bio(workspace, cb);
free_workspace(type, workspace);
return ret;
}
/*
* a less complex decompression routine. Our compressed data fits in a
* single page, and we want to read a single page out of it.
* start_byte tells us the offset into the compressed data we're interested in
*/
int btrfs_decompress(int type, unsigned char *data_in, struct page *dest_page,
unsigned long start_byte, size_t srclen, size_t destlen)
{
struct list_head *workspace;
int ret;
workspace = find_workspace(type);
ret = btrfs_compress_op[type-1]->decompress(workspace, data_in,
dest_page, start_byte,
srclen, destlen);
free_workspace(type, workspace);
return ret;
}
void btrfs_exit_compress(void)
{
free_workspaces();
}
/*
* Copy uncompressed data from working buffer to pages.
*
* buf_start is the byte offset we're of the start of our workspace buffer.
*
* total_out is the last byte of the buffer
*/
int btrfs_decompress_buf2page(const char *buf, unsigned long buf_start,
unsigned long total_out, u64 disk_start,
struct bio *bio)
{
unsigned long buf_offset;
unsigned long current_buf_start;
unsigned long start_byte;
unsigned long prev_start_byte;
unsigned long working_bytes = total_out - buf_start;
unsigned long bytes;
char *kaddr;
struct bio_vec bvec = bio_iter_iovec(bio, bio->bi_iter);
/*
* start byte is the first byte of the page we're currently
* copying into relative to the start of the compressed data.
*/
start_byte = page_offset(bvec.bv_page) - disk_start;
/* we haven't yet hit data corresponding to this page */
if (total_out <= start_byte)
return 1;
/*
* the start of the data we care about is offset into
* the middle of our working buffer
*/
if (total_out > start_byte && buf_start < start_byte) {
buf_offset = start_byte - buf_start;
working_bytes -= buf_offset;
} else {
buf_offset = 0;
}
current_buf_start = buf_start;
/* copy bytes from the working buffer into the pages */
while (working_bytes > 0) {
bytes = min_t(unsigned long, bvec.bv_len,
PAGE_SIZE - buf_offset);
bytes = min(bytes, working_bytes);
kaddr = kmap_atomic(bvec.bv_page);
memcpy(kaddr + bvec.bv_offset, buf + buf_offset, bytes);
kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
flush_dcache_page(bvec.bv_page);
buf_offset += bytes;
working_bytes -= bytes;
current_buf_start += bytes;
/* check if we need to pick another page */
bio_advance(bio, bytes);
if (!bio->bi_iter.bi_size)
return 0;
bvec = bio_iter_iovec(bio, bio->bi_iter);
prev_start_byte = start_byte;
start_byte = page_offset(bvec.bv_page) - disk_start;
/*
* We need to make sure we're only adjusting
* our offset into compression working buffer when
* we're switching pages. Otherwise we can incorrectly
* keep copying when we were actually done.
*/
if (start_byte != prev_start_byte) {
/*
* make sure our new page is covered by this
* working buffer
*/
if (total_out <= start_byte)
return 1;
/*
* the next page in the biovec might not be adjacent
* to the last page, but it might still be found
* inside this working buffer. bump our offset pointer
*/
if (total_out > start_byte &&
current_buf_start < start_byte) {
buf_offset = start_byte - buf_start;
working_bytes = total_out - start_byte;
current_buf_start = buf_start + buf_offset;
}
}
}
return 1;
}
/*
* Shannon Entropy calculation
*
* Pure byte distribution analysis fails to determine compressiability of data.
* Try calculating entropy to estimate the average minimum number of bits
* needed to encode the sampled data.
*
* For convenience, return the percentage of needed bits, instead of amount of
* bits directly.
*
* @ENTROPY_LVL_ACEPTABLE - below that threshold, sample has low byte entropy
* and can be compressible with high probability
*
* @ENTROPY_LVL_HIGH - data are not compressible with high probability
*
* Use of ilog2() decreases precision, we lower the LVL to 5 to compensate.
*/
#define ENTROPY_LVL_ACEPTABLE (65)
#define ENTROPY_LVL_HIGH (80)
/*
* For increasead precision in shannon_entropy calculation,
* let's do pow(n, M) to save more digits after comma:
*
* - maximum int bit length is 64
* - ilog2(MAX_SAMPLE_SIZE) -> 13
* - 13 * 4 = 52 < 64 -> M = 4
*
* So use pow(n, 4).
*/
static inline u32 ilog2_w(u64 n)
{
return ilog2(n * n * n * n);
}
static u32 shannon_entropy(struct heuristic_ws *ws)
{
const u32 entropy_max = 8 * ilog2_w(2);
u32 entropy_sum = 0;
u32 p, p_base, sz_base;
u32 i;
sz_base = ilog2_w(ws->sample_size);
for (i = 0; i < BUCKET_SIZE && ws->bucket[i].count > 0; i++) {
p = ws->bucket[i].count;
p_base = ilog2_w(p);
entropy_sum += p * (sz_base - p_base);
}
entropy_sum /= ws->sample_size;
return entropy_sum * 100 / entropy_max;
}
/* Compare buckets by size, ascending */
static int bucket_comp_rev(const void *lv, const void *rv)
{
const struct bucket_item *l = (const struct bucket_item *)lv;
const struct bucket_item *r = (const struct bucket_item *)rv;
return r->count - l->count;
}
/*
* Size of the core byte set - how many bytes cover 90% of the sample
*
* There are several types of structured binary data that use nearly all byte
* values. The distribution can be uniform and counts in all buckets will be
* nearly the same (eg. encrypted data). Unlikely to be compressible.
*
* Other possibility is normal (Gaussian) distribution, where the data could
* be potentially compressible, but we have to take a few more steps to decide
* how much.
*
* @BYTE_CORE_SET_LOW - main part of byte values repeated frequently,
* compression algo can easy fix that
* @BYTE_CORE_SET_HIGH - data have uniform distribution and with high
* probability is not compressible
*/
#define BYTE_CORE_SET_LOW (64)
#define BYTE_CORE_SET_HIGH (200)
static int byte_core_set_size(struct heuristic_ws *ws)
{
u32 i;
u32 coreset_sum = 0;
const u32 core_set_threshold = ws->sample_size * 90 / 100;
struct bucket_item *bucket = ws->bucket;
/* Sort in reverse order */
sort(bucket, BUCKET_SIZE, sizeof(*bucket), &bucket_comp_rev, NULL);
for (i = 0; i < BYTE_CORE_SET_LOW; i++)
coreset_sum += bucket[i].count;
if (coreset_sum > core_set_threshold)
return i;
for (; i < BYTE_CORE_SET_HIGH && bucket[i].count > 0; i++) {
coreset_sum += bucket[i].count;
if (coreset_sum > core_set_threshold)
break;
}
return i;
}
/*
* Count byte values in buckets.
* This heuristic can detect textual data (configs, xml, json, html, etc).
* Because in most text-like data byte set is restricted to limited number of
* possible characters, and that restriction in most cases makes data easy to
* compress.
*
* @BYTE_SET_THRESHOLD - consider all data within this byte set size:
* less - compressible
* more - need additional analysis
*/
#define BYTE_SET_THRESHOLD (64)
static u32 byte_set_size(const struct heuristic_ws *ws)
{
u32 i;
u32 byte_set_size = 0;
for (i = 0; i < BYTE_SET_THRESHOLD; i++) {
if (ws->bucket[i].count > 0)
byte_set_size++;
}
/*
* Continue collecting count of byte values in buckets. If the byte
* set size is bigger then the threshold, it's pointless to continue,
* the detection technique would fail for this type of data.
*/
for (; i < BUCKET_SIZE; i++) {
if (ws->bucket[i].count > 0) {
byte_set_size++;
if (byte_set_size > BYTE_SET_THRESHOLD)
return byte_set_size;
}
}
return byte_set_size;
}
static bool sample_repeated_patterns(struct heuristic_ws *ws)
{
const u32 half_of_sample = ws->sample_size / 2;
const u8 *data = ws->sample;
return memcmp(&data[0], &data[half_of_sample], half_of_sample) == 0;
}
static void heuristic_collect_sample(struct inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end,
struct heuristic_ws *ws)
{
struct page *page;
u64 index, index_end;
u32 i, curr_sample_pos;
u8 *in_data;
/*
* Compression handles the input data by chunks of 128KiB
* (defined by BTRFS_MAX_UNCOMPRESSED)
*
* We do the same for the heuristic and loop over the whole range.
*
* MAX_SAMPLE_SIZE - calculated under assumption that heuristic will
* process no more than BTRFS_MAX_UNCOMPRESSED at a time.
*/
if (end - start > BTRFS_MAX_UNCOMPRESSED)
end = start + BTRFS_MAX_UNCOMPRESSED;
index = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
index_end = end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
/* Don't miss unaligned end */
if (!IS_ALIGNED(end, PAGE_SIZE))
index_end++;
curr_sample_pos = 0;
while (index < index_end) {
page = find_get_page(inode->i_mapping, index);
in_data = kmap(page);
/* Handle case where the start is not aligned to PAGE_SIZE */
i = start % PAGE_SIZE;
while (i < PAGE_SIZE - SAMPLING_READ_SIZE) {
/* Don't sample any garbage from the last page */
if (start > end - SAMPLING_READ_SIZE)
break;
memcpy(&ws->sample[curr_sample_pos], &in_data[i],
SAMPLING_READ_SIZE);
i += SAMPLING_INTERVAL;
start += SAMPLING_INTERVAL;
curr_sample_pos += SAMPLING_READ_SIZE;
}
kunmap(page);
put_page(page);
index++;
}
ws->sample_size = curr_sample_pos;
}
/*
* Compression heuristic.
*
* For now is's a naive and optimistic 'return true', we'll extend the logic to
* quickly (compared to direct compression) detect data characteristics
* (compressible/uncompressible) to avoid wasting CPU time on uncompressible
* data.
*
* The following types of analysis can be performed:
* - detect mostly zero data
* - detect data with low "byte set" size (text, etc)
* - detect data with low/high "core byte" set
*
* Return non-zero if the compression should be done, 0 otherwise.
*/
int btrfs_compress_heuristic(struct inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end)
{
struct list_head *ws_list = __find_workspace(0, true);
struct heuristic_ws *ws;
u32 i;
u8 byte;
int ret = 0;
ws = list_entry(ws_list, struct heuristic_ws, list);
heuristic_collect_sample(inode, start, end, ws);
if (sample_repeated_patterns(ws)) {
ret = 1;
goto out;
}
memset(ws->bucket, 0, sizeof(*ws->bucket)*BUCKET_SIZE);
for (i = 0; i < ws->sample_size; i++) {
byte = ws->sample[i];
ws->bucket[byte].count++;
}
i = byte_set_size(ws);
if (i < BYTE_SET_THRESHOLD) {
ret = 2;
goto out;
}
i = byte_core_set_size(ws);
if (i <= BYTE_CORE_SET_LOW) {
ret = 3;
goto out;
}
if (i >= BYTE_CORE_SET_HIGH) {
ret = 0;
goto out;
}
i = shannon_entropy(ws);
if (i <= ENTROPY_LVL_ACEPTABLE) {
ret = 4;
goto out;
}
/*
* For the levels below ENTROPY_LVL_HIGH, additional analysis would be
* needed to give green light to compression.
*
* For now just assume that compression at that level is not worth the
* resources because:
*
* 1. it is possible to defrag the data later
*
* 2. the data would turn out to be hardly compressible, eg. 150 byte
* values, every bucket has counter at level ~54. The heuristic would
* be confused. This can happen when data have some internal repeated
* patterns like "abbacbbc...". This can be detected by analyzing
* pairs of bytes, which is too costly.
*/
if (i < ENTROPY_LVL_HIGH) {
ret = 5;
goto out;
} else {
ret = 0;
goto out;
}
out:
__free_workspace(0, ws_list, true);
return ret;
}
unsigned int btrfs_compress_str2level(const char *str)
{
if (strncmp(str, "zlib", 4) != 0)
return 0;
/* Accepted form: zlib:1 up to zlib:9 and nothing left after the number */
if (str[4] == ':' && '1' <= str[5] && str[5] <= '9' && str[6] == 0)
return str[5] - '0';
return 0;
}