The NFS DIO code will dirty pages that catch read responses in order to
handle the case where someone is doing DIO reads into an mmapped buffer.
The existing code doesn't really do the right thing though since it
doesn't take into account the case where we might be attempting to read
past the EOF.
Fix the logic in that code to only dirty pages that ended up receiving
data from the read. Note too that it really doesn't matter if
NFS_IOHDR_ERROR is set or not. All that matters is if the page was
altered by the read.
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Eryu provided a test program that would segfault when attempting to read
past the EOF on file that was opened O_DIRECT. The buffer given to the
read() call was on the stack, and when he attempted to read past it it
would scribble over the rest of the stack page.
If we hit the end of the file on a DIO READ request, then we don't want
to zero out the rest of the buffer. These aren't pagecache pages after
all, and there's no guarantee that the buffers that were passed in
represent entire pages.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.5+
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Reported-by: Eryu Guan <eguan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
For buffer write, block layout client scan inode mapping to find
next hole and use offset-to-hole as layoutget length. Object
layout client uses offset-to-isize as layoutget length.
For direct write, both block layout and object layout use dreq->bytes_left.
Signed-off-by: Peng Tao <tao.peng@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
pnfs_within_mdsthreshold() is called inside pg_init. We need to set
read_io/write_io before that. Otherwise we fail pnfs_within_mdsthreshold()
and IO goes to MDS.
A simple test case:
dd if=foo of=/mnt/pnfs/bar bs=10M count=1 oflag=direct
Signed-off-by: Peng Tao <tao.peng@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We want to be able to distinguish between allocation failures, and
the case where the lock context is not needed (because there are no
locks).
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Merge Andrew's second set of patches:
- MM
- a few random fixes
- a couple of RTC leftovers
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (120 commits)
rtc/rtc-88pm80x: remove unneed devm_kfree
rtc/rtc-88pm80x: assign ret only when rtc_register_driver fails
mm: hugetlbfs: close race during teardown of hugetlbfs shared page tables
tmpfs: distribute interleave better across nodes
mm: remove redundant initialization
mm: warn if pg_data_t isn't initialized with zero
mips: zero out pg_data_t when it's allocated
memcg: gix memory accounting scalability in shrink_page_list
mm/sparse: remove index_init_lock
mm/sparse: more checks on mem_section number
mm/sparse: optimize sparse_index_alloc
memcg: add mem_cgroup_from_css() helper
memcg: further prevent OOM with too many dirty pages
memcg: prevent OOM with too many dirty pages
mm: mmu_notifier: fix freed page still mapped in secondary MMU
mm: memcg: only check anon swapin page charges for swap cache
mm: memcg: only check swap cache pages for repeated charging
mm: memcg: split swapin charge function into private and public part
mm: memcg: remove needless !mm fixup to init_mm when charging
mm: memcg: remove unneeded shmem charge type
...
Implement the new swapfile a_ops for NFS and hook up ->direct_IO. This
will set the NFS socket to SOCK_MEMALLOC and run socket reconnect under
PF_MEMALLOC as well as reset SOCK_MEMALLOC before engaging the protocol
->connect() method.
PF_MEMALLOC should allow the allocation of struct socket and related
objects and the early (re)setting of SOCK_MEMALLOC should allow us to
receive the packets required for the TCP connection buildup.
[jlayton@redhat.com: Restore PF_MEMALLOC task flags in all cases]
[dfeng@redhat.com: Fix handling of multiple swap files]
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patch]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch exports symbols needed by the v4 module. In addition, I also
switch over to using IS_ENABLED() to check if CONFIG_NFS_V4 or
CONFIG_NFS_V4_MODULE are set.
The module (nfs4.ko) will be created in the same directory as nfs.ko and
will be automatically loaded the first time you try to mount over NFS v4.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This patch exports symbols and moves over the final structures needed by
the v3 module. In addition, I also switch over to using IS_ENABLED() to
check if CONFIG_NFS_V3 or CONFIG_NFS_V3_MODULE are set.
The module (nfs3.ko) will be created in the same directory as nfs.ko and
will be automatically loaded the first time you try to mount over NFS v3.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Commit 57208fa7e5 "NFS: Create an write_pageio_init() function"
did not modify the calls in direct.c, preventing direct io from
using pnfs. This reintroduces that capability.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Commit 1abb50886a "NFS: Create an read_pageio_init() function"
did not modify the call in direct.c, preventing direct io from
using pnfs. This reintroduces that capability.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Fix 2 bugs in nfs_direct_write_reschedule:
- The request needs to be removed from the 'reqs' list before it can
be added to 'failed'.
- Fix an infinite loop if the 'failed' list is non-empty.
Reported-by: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@lip6.fr>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
In nfs_direct_write_reschedule(), the requests from nfs_scan_commit_list
have a refcount of 2, whereas the operations in
nfs_direct_write_completion_ops expect them to have a refcount of 1.
This patch adds a call to release the extra references.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Highlights include:
- Fix a couple of mount regressions due to the recent cleanups.
- Fix an Oops in the open recovery code
- Fix an rpc_pipefs upcall hang that results from some of the
net namespace work from 3.4.x (stable kernel candidate).
- Fix a couple of write and o_direct regressions that were found
at last weeks Bakeathon testing event in Ann Arbor.
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Merge tag 'nfs-for-3.5-2' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs
Pull NFS client bugfixes from Trond Myklebust:
"Highlights include:
- Fix a couple of mount regressions due to the recent cleanups.
- Fix an Oops in the open recovery code
- Fix an rpc_pipefs upcall hang that results from some of the net
namespace work from 3.4.x (stable kernel candidate).
- Fix a couple of write and o_direct regressions that were found at
last weeks Bakeathon testing event in Ann Arbor."
* tag 'nfs-for-3.5-2' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs:
NFS: add an endian notation for sparse
NFSv4.1: integer overflow in decode_cb_sequence_args()
rpc_pipefs: allow rpc_purge_list to take a NULL waitq pointer
NFSv4 do not send an empty SETATTR compound
NFSv2: EOF incorrectly set on short read
NFS: Use the NFS_DEFAULT_VERSION for v2 and v3 mounts
NFS: fix directio refcount bug on commit
NFSv4: Fix unnecessary delegation returns in nfs4_do_open
NFSv4.1: Convert another trivial printk into a dprintk
NFS4: Fix open bug when pnfs module blacklisted
NFS: Remove incorrect BUG_ON in nfs_found_client
NFS: Map minor mismatch error to protocol not support error.
NFS: Fix a commit bug
NFS4: Set parsed mount data version to 4
NFSv4.1: Ensure we clear session state flags after a session creation
NFSv4.1: Convert a trivial printk into a dprintk
NFSv4: Fix up decode_attr_mdsthreshold
NFSv4: Fix an Oops in the open recovery code
NFSv4.1: Fix a request leak on the back channel
This reverts a hunk from commit 0427708657
"NFS: Clean up - Simplify reference counting in fs/nfs/direct.c"
The cleanups in that patch affect the write path, but by the time
processing hits commit the removed reference has been added back by
nfs_scan_commit_list(). Without this reversion, any page that is
sent to commit holds on to an unbalanced reference that is never
freed. The immediate effect is an imbalance over the wire between
OPENs and CLOSEs.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The new commit code fails to copy the verifier into the wb_verf field
of _all_ the nfs_page structures; it only copies it into the first entry.
The consequence is that most requests end up failing to match in
nfs_commit_release.
Fix is to copy the verifier into the req->wb_verf field in
nfs_write_completion.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Use the same mechanism as the block devices are using, but move the
helper functions from fs/direct-io.c into fs/inode.c to remove the
dependency on CONFIG_BLOCK.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Keep track of the number of bytes read or written via buffered, direct, and
mem-mapped i/o for use by mdsthreshold size_io hints.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Function rename to ensure that the functionality of nfs_unlock_request()
mirrors that of nfs_lock_request(). Then let nfs_unlock_and_release_request()
do the work of what used to be called nfs_unlock_request()...
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
We only have two places where we need to grab a reference when trying
to lock the nfs_page. We're better off making that explicit.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Fix the following sparse warnings:
fs/nfs/direct.c:221:6: warning: symbol 'nfs_direct_readpage_release' was
not declared. Should it be static?
fs/nfs/read.c:38:43: warning: non-ANSI function declaration of function
'nfs_readhdr_alloc'
fs/nfs/objlayout/objio_osd.c:214:5: warning: symbol '__alloc_objio_seg'
was not declared. Should it be static?
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Cc: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com>
Fix the following compile warnings:
fs/nfs/direct.c: In function 'nfs_direct_read_schedule_segment':
fs/nfs/direct.c:325:11: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast [enabled by default]
fs/nfs/direct.c:325:11: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast [enabled by default]
fs/nfs/direct.c:325:11: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast [enabled by default]
fs/nfs/direct.c:352:27: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast [enabled by default]
fs/nfs/direct.c: In function 'nfs_direct_write_schedule_segment':
fs/nfs/direct.c:622:11: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast [enabled by default]
fs/nfs/direct.c:622:11: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast [enabled by default]
fs/nfs/direct.c:622:11: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast [enabled by default]
fs/nfs/direct.c:650:27: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types
lacks a cast [enabled by default]
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
The O_DIRECT code shouldn't need to hold 2 references to each page. The
reference held by the struct nfs_page should suffice.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Currently we do break out of the for() loop, but we also need to
break out of the enclosing do {} while()...
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
v2 doesn't have commits, so this function can be a no-op.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This also has the advantage that it allows directio to use pnfs.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This also has the advantage that it allows directio to use pnfs.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Decouple nfs_pgio_header and nfs_write_data, and have (possibly
multiple) nfs_write_datas each take a refcount on nfs_pgio_header.
For the moment keeps nfs_write_header as a way to preallocate a single
nfs_write_data with the nfs_pgio_header. The code doesn't need this,
and would be prettier without, but given the amount of churn I am
already introducing I didn't want to play with tuning new mempools.
This also fixes bug in pnfs_ld_handle_write_error. In the case of
desc->pg_bsize < PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, the pages list was empty, causing
replay attempt to do nothing.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Decouple nfs_pgio_header and nfs_read_data, and have (possibly
multiple) nfs_read_datas each take a refcount on nfs_pgio_header.
For the moment keeps nfs_read_header as a way to preallocate a single
nfs_read_data with the nfs_pgio_header. The code doesn't need this,
and would be prettier without, but given the amount of churn I am
already introducing I didn't want to play with tuning new mempools.
This also fixes bug in pnfs_ld_handle_read_error. In the case of
desc->pg_bsize < PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, the pages list was empty, causing
replay attempt to do nothing.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Both nfs_read_data and nfs_write_data devote several fields which
can be combined into a single shared struct.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
In order to avoid duplicating all the data in nfs_read_data whenever we
split it up into multiple RPC calls (either due to a short read result
or due to rsize < PAGE_SIZE), we split out the bits that are the same
per RPC call into a separate "header" structure.
The goal this patch moves towards is to have a single header
refcounted by several rpc_data structures. Thus, want to always refer
from rpc_data to the header, and not the other way. This patch comes
close to that ideal, but the directio code currently needs some
special casing, isolated in the nfs_direct_[read_write]hdr_release()
functions. This will be dealt with in a future patch.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Commits don't need the vectors of pages, etc. that writes do. Split out
a separate structure for the commit operation.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Merge tag 'split-asm_system_h-for-linus-20120328' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-asm_system
Pull "Disintegrate and delete asm/system.h" from David Howells:
"Here are a bunch of patches to disintegrate asm/system.h into a set of
separate bits to relieve the problem of circular inclusion
dependencies.
I've built all the working defconfigs from all the arches that I can
and made sure that they don't break.
The reason for these patches is that I recently encountered a circular
dependency problem that came about when I produced some patches to
optimise get_order() by rewriting it to use ilog2().
This uses bitops - and on the SH arch asm/bitops.h drags in
asm-generic/get_order.h by a circuituous route involving asm/system.h.
The main difficulty seems to be asm/system.h. It holds a number of
low level bits with no/few dependencies that are commonly used (eg.
memory barriers) and a number of bits with more dependencies that
aren't used in many places (eg. switch_to()).
These patches break asm/system.h up into the following core pieces:
(1) asm/barrier.h
Move memory barriers here. This already done for MIPS and Alpha.
(2) asm/switch_to.h
Move switch_to() and related stuff here.
(3) asm/exec.h
Move arch_align_stack() here. Other process execution related bits
could perhaps go here from asm/processor.h.
(4) asm/cmpxchg.h
Move xchg() and cmpxchg() here as they're full word atomic ops and
frequently used by atomic_xchg() and atomic_cmpxchg().
(5) asm/bug.h
Move die() and related bits.
(6) asm/auxvec.h
Move AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH here.
Other arch headers are created as needed on a per-arch basis."
Fixed up some conflicts from other header file cleanups and moving code
around that has happened in the meantime, so David's testing is somewhat
weakened by that. We'll find out anything that got broken and fix it..
* tag 'split-asm_system_h-for-linus-20120328' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-asm_system: (38 commits)
Delete all instances of asm/system.h
Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h
Add #includes needed to permit the removal of asm/system.h
Move all declarations of free_initmem() to linux/mm.h
Disintegrate asm/system.h for OpenRISC
Split arch_align_stack() out from asm-generic/system.h
Split the switch_to() wrapper out of asm-generic/system.h
Move the asm-generic/system.h xchg() implementation to asm-generic/cmpxchg.h
Create asm-generic/barrier.h
Make asm-generic/cmpxchg.h #include asm-generic/cmpxchg-local.h
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Xtensa
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Unicore32 [based on ver #3, changed by gxt]
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Tile
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Sparc
Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Score
Disintegrate asm/system.h for S390
Disintegrate asm/system.h for PowerPC
Disintegrate asm/system.h for PA-RISC
Disintegrate asm/system.h for MN10300
...
Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h preparatory to splitting and killing
it. Performed with the following command:
perl -p -i -e 's!^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>.*\n!!' `grep -Irl '^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>' *`
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
This is an NFS v4 specific operation, so it belongs in the NFS v4 code
and not the generic client.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This is an NFS v4 specific operation, so it belongs in the NFS v4 code
and not the generic client.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This allows us to move duplicated code in <asm/atomic.h>
(atomic_inc_not_zero() for now) to <linux/atomic.h>
Signed-off-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Account NFS direct-io reads and writes into Task I/O Accounting.
Do it before complition to handle aio.
NFS have unusual direct-io implementation,
thus accounting in generic code does not work.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The code was doing nothing more in either branch of the if.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Nick Piggin reports:
> I'm getting use after frees in aio code in NFS
>
> [ 2703.396766] Call Trace:
> [ 2703.396858] [<ffffffff8100b057>] ? native_sched_clock+0x27/0x80
> [ 2703.396959] [<ffffffff8108509e>] ? put_lock_stats+0xe/0x40
> [ 2703.397058] [<ffffffff81088348>] ? lock_release_holdtime+0xa8/0x140
> [ 2703.397159] [<ffffffff8108a2a5>] lock_acquire+0x95/0x1b0
> [ 2703.397260] [<ffffffff811627db>] ? aio_put_req+0x2b/0x60
> [ 2703.397361] [<ffffffff81039701>] ? get_parent_ip+0x11/0x50
> [ 2703.397464] [<ffffffff81612a31>] _raw_spin_lock_irq+0x41/0x80
> [ 2703.397564] [<ffffffff811627db>] ? aio_put_req+0x2b/0x60
> [ 2703.397662] [<ffffffff811627db>] aio_put_req+0x2b/0x60
> [ 2703.397761] [<ffffffff811647fe>] do_io_submit+0x2be/0x7c0
> [ 2703.397895] [<ffffffff81164d0b>] sys_io_submit+0xb/0x10
> [ 2703.397995] [<ffffffff8100307b>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
>
> Adding some tracing, it is due to nfs completing the request then
> returning something other than -EIOCBQUEUED, so aio.c
> also completes the request.
To address this, prevent the NFS direct I/O engine from completing
async iocbs when the forward path returns an error without starting
any I/O.
This fix appears to survive ^C during both "xfstest no. 208" and "fsx
-Z."
It's likely this bug has existed for a very long while, as we are seeing
very similar symptoms in OEL 5. Copying stable.
Cc: Stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
When an application opens a file with O_DIRECT flag, if the size of
the data that is written is equal to wsize, the client sends a
WRITE RPC with stable flag set to UNSTABLE followed by a single
COMMIT RPC rather than sending a single WRITE RPC with the stable
flag set to FILE_SYNC. This a bug.
Patch to fix this.
Signed-off-by: Arun R Bharadwaj <arun@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
A typo, introduced by commit f11ac8db, in the nfs_direct_write()
routine causes writes with O_DIRECT set to fail with a ENOMEM error.
Found-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve Dickson <steved@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
The cached read and write paths initialize fattr->time_start in their
setup procedures. The value of fattr->time_start is propagated to
read_cache_jiffies by nfs_update_inode(). Subsequent calls to
nfs_attribute_timeout() will then use a good time stamp when
computing the attribute cache timeout, and squelch unneeded GETATTR
calls.
Since the direct I/O paths erroneously leave the inode's
fattr->time_start field set to zero, read_cache_jiffies for that inode
is set to zero after any direct read or write operation. This
triggers an otw GETATTR or ACCESS call to update the file's attribute
and access caches properly, even when the NFS READ or WRITE replies
have usable post-op attributes.
Make sure the direct read and write setup code performs the same fattr
initialization as the cached I/O paths to prevent unnecessary GETATTR
calls.
This was likely introduced by commit 0e574af1 in 2.6.15, which appears
to add new nfs_fattr_init() call sites in the cached read and write
paths, but not in the equivalent places in fs/nfs/direct.c. A
subsequent commit in the same series, 33801147, introduces the
fattr->time_start field.
Interestingly, the direct write reschedule path already has a call to
nfs_fattr_init() in the right place.
Reported-by: Quentin Barnes <qbarnes@yahoo-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Actually pass the NFS_FILE_SYNC option to the server to avoid a
Panic in nfs_direct_write_complete() when a commit fails.
At the end of an nfs write, if the nfs commit fails, all the writes
will be rescheduled. They are supposed to be rescheduled as NFS_FILE_SYNC
writes, but the rpc_task structure is not completely intialized and so
the option is not passed. When the rescheduled writes complete, the
return indicates that they are NFS_UNSTABLE and we try to do another
commit. This leads to a Panic because the commit data structure pointer
was set to null in the initial (failed) commit attempt.
Signed-off-by: Terry Loftin <terry.loftin@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
generic_file_direct_write() no longer calls generic_osync_inode() so remove the
comment.
CC: linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org
CC: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
CC: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We can't call nfs_readdata_release()/nfs_writedata_release() without
first initialising and referencing args.context. Doing so inside
nfs_direct_read_schedule_segment()/nfs_direct_write_schedule_segment()
causes an Oops.
We should rather be calling nfs_readdata_free()/nfs_writedata_free() in
those cases.
Looking at the O_DIRECT code, the "struct nfs_direct_req" is already
referencing the nfs_open_context for us. Since the readdata and writedata
structures carry a reference to that, we can simplify things by getting rid
of the extra nfs_open_context references, so that we can replace all
instances of nfs_readdata_release()/nfs_writedata_release().
Reported-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Tested-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Separate commit calls from nfs41: sequence setup/done support
Implement the commit rpc_call_prepare method for
asynchronuos nfs rpcs, call nfs41_setup_sequence from
respective rpc_call_validate_args methods.
Call nfs4_sequence_done from respective rpc_call_done methods.
Note that we need to pass a pointer to the nfs_server in calls data
for passing on to nfs4_sequence_done.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson<andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[pnfs: client data server write validate and release]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson<andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: Support sessions with O_DIRECT.]
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: separate free slot from sequence done]
[nfs41: nfs4_sequence_free_slot use nfs_client for data server]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson<andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Separate write calls from nfs41: sequence setup/done support
Implement the write rpc_call_prepare method for
asynchronuos nfs rpcs, call nfs41_setup_sequence from
respective rpc_call_validate_args methods.
Call nfs4_sequence_done from respective rpc_call_done methods.
Note that we need to pass a pointer to the nfs_server in calls data
for passing on to nfs4_sequence_done.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[pnfs: client data server write validate and release]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[move the nfs4_sequence_free_slot call in nfs_readpage_retry from]
[nfs41: separate free slot from sequence done
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: Support sessions with O_DIRECT.]
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: nfs4_sequence_free_slot use nfs_client for data server]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Implement the read rpc_call_prepare method for
asynchronuos nfs rpcs, call nfs41_setup_sequence from
respective rpc_call_validate_args methods.
Call nfs4_sequence_done from respective rpc_call_done methods.
Note that we need to pass a pointer to the nfs_server in calls data
for passing on to nfs4_sequence_done.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[pnfs: client data server write validate and release]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[move the nfs4_sequence_free_slot call in nfs_readpage_retry from]
[nfs41: separate free slot from sequence done]
[remove nfs_readargs.nfs_server, use calldata->inode instead]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: Support sessions with O_DIRECT]
Signed-off-by: Dean Hildebrand <dhildeb@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
[nfs41: nfs4_sequence_free_slot use nfs_client for data server]
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Clean up: some fops use NFSDBG_FILE, some use NFSDBG_VFS. Let's use
NFSDBG_FILE for all fops, and consistently report file names instead
of inode numbers.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
In the case of readpage() we need to ensure that the pages get unlocked,
and that the error is flagged.
In the case of O_DIRECT, we need to ensure that the pages are all released.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We want to ensure that rpc_call_ops that involve mntput() are run on nfsiod
rather than on rpciod, so that they don't deadlock when the resulting
umount calls rpc_shutdown_client(). Hence we specify that read, write and
commit calls must complete on nfsiod.
Ditto for NFSv4 open, lock, locku and close asynchronous calls.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We can't allow rpc callback functions like task->tk_ops->rpc_call_prepare()
and task->tk_ops->rpc_call_done() to call mntput() in any way, since
that will cause a deadlock when the call to rpc_shutdown_client() attempts
to wait on 'task' to complete.
We can avoid the above deadlock by moving calls to mntput to
task->tk_ops->rpc_release() callback, since at that time the task will be
marked as completed, and so rpc_shutdown_client won't attempt to wait on
it.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
* 'task_killable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/willy/misc: (22 commits)
Remove commented-out code copied from NFS
NFS: Switch from intr mount option to TASK_KILLABLE
Add wait_for_completion_killable
Add wait_event_killable
Add schedule_timeout_killable
Use mutex_lock_killable in vfs_readdir
Add mutex_lock_killable
Use lock_page_killable
Add lock_page_killable
Add fatal_signal_pending
Add TASK_WAKEKILL
exit: Use task_is_*
signal: Use task_is_*
sched: Use task_contributes_to_load, TASK_ALL and TASK_NORMAL
ptrace: Use task_is_*
power: Use task_is_*
wait: Use TASK_NORMAL
proc/base.c: Use task_is_*
proc/array.c: Use TASK_REPORT
perfmon: Use task_is_*
...
Fixed up conflicts in NFS/sunrpc manually..
There are no interruptible waits for asynchronous RPC tasks, so we don't
need to wrap calls to rpc_run_task() with an
rpc_clnt_sigmask/rpc_clnt_unsigmask pair.
Instead we can wrap the wait_for_completion_interruptible() in
nfs_direct_wait(). This means that we completely optimise away sigmask
setting for the case of non-blocking aio/dio.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Move the common code for setting up the nfs_write_data and nfs_read_data
structures into fs/nfs/read.c, fs/nfs/write.c and fs/nfs/direct.c.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We want the default scheduling priority (priority == 0) to remain
RPC_PRIORITY_NORMAL.
Also ensure that the priority wait queue scheduling is per process id
instead of sometimes being per thread, and sometimes being per inode.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This reverts commit b9148c6b80.
On Wed, 12 Dec 2007 10:57:30 -0500, Chuck Lever wrote
> commit b9148c6b should be reverted. It was recently forward-ported
> from some years-old patches, and is clearly not needed now.
>
> On Dec 11, 2007, at 5:21 PM, Adrian Bunk wrote:
>
>> This code became dead after commit
>> b9148c6b80
>> (which BTW doesn't seem to have changed any behaviour) and can
>> therefore
>> be removed.
>>
>> Spotted by the Coverity checker.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
>>
>> ---
>> --- linux-2.6/fs/nfs/direct.c.old 2007-12-02 21:54:53.000000000 +0100
>> +++ linux-2.6/fs/nfs/direct.c 2007-12-02 21:55:10.000000000 +0100
>> @@ -897,15 +897,12 @@ ssize_t nfs_file_direct_write(struct kio
>> if (!count)
>> goto out; /* return 0 */
>>
>> retval = -EINVAL;
>> if ((ssize_t) count < 0)
>> goto out;
>> - retval = 0;
>> - if (!count)
>> - goto out;
>>
>> retval = nfs_sync_mapping(mapping);
>> if (retval)
>> goto out;
>>
>> retval = nfs_direct_write(iocb, iov, nr_segs, pos, count);
>>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
By using the TASK_KILLABLE infrastructure, we can get rid of the 'intr'
mount option. We have to use _killable everywhere instead of _interruptible
as we get rid of rpc_clnt_sigmask/sigunmask.
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <howlett@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Simplify calling sequence of nfs_direct_{read,write}_schedule(), and
rename them to reflect their new role.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
A zero byte count direct write request should be a successful no-op, not an
error.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Allow applications to perform asynchronous scatter-gather direct I/O
to NFS files.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Add helpers that iterate over multi-segment iovecs. These will
be used to support multi-segment scatter/gather direct I/O in a
later patch.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Commit eda3cef8dd ("NFS: Fix error
handling in nfs_direct_write_result()") ensured that if a WRITE returns
an error, then data->res.verf->committed is not tested (as it is not
initialised).
Then commit 60fa3f769f ("NFS: Fix two bugs
in the O_DIRECT write code") inadvertently reverted this while fixing
other problems.
So move the test so that we never examine ->committed in an error case,
and fix a speeling error while we are there.
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Acked-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The lower level routines in fs/nfs/proc.c, fs/nfs/nfs3proc.c and
fs/nfs/nfs4proc.c should already be dealing with the revalidation issues.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Slab destructors were no longer supported after Christoph's
c59def9f22 change. They've been
BUGs for both slab and slub, and slob never supported them
either.
This rips out support for the dtor pointer from kmem_cache_create()
completely and fixes up every single callsite in the kernel (there were
about 224, not including the slab allocator definitions themselves,
or the documentation references).
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
There is no need to fail the entire O_DIRECT read/write just because
get_user_pages() returned fewer pages than we requested.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The current code is leaking a reference to dreq->kref when the calls to
nfs_direct_read_schedule() and nfs_direct_write_schedule() return an
error.
This patch moves the call to kref_put() from nfs_direct_wait() back into
nfs_direct_read() and nfs_direct_write() (which are the functions that
actually took the reference in the first place) fixing the leak.
Thanks to Denis V. Lunev for spotting the bug and proposing the original
fix.
Acked-by: Denis V. Lunev <dlunev@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We only need to dirty the pages that were actually read in.
Also convert nfs_direct_dirty_pages() to call set_page_dirty() instead of
set_page_dirty_lock(). A call to lock_page() is unacceptable in an rpciod
callback function.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
This patch fixes a couple of signage issues that were causing an Oops
when running the LTP diotest4 test. get_user_pages() returns a signed
error, hence we need to be careful when comparing with the unsigned
number of pages from data->npages.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Remove includes of <linux/smp_lock.h> where it is not used/needed.
Suggested by Al Viro.
Builds cleanly on x86_64, i386, alpha, ia64, powerpc, sparc,
sparc64, and arm (all 59 defconfigs).
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Do not flag an error if the COMMIT call fails and we decide to resend the
writes. Let the resend flag the error if it fails.
If a write has failed, then nfs_direct_write_result should not attempt to
send a commit. It should just exit asap and return the error to the user.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The tk_pid field is an unsigned short. The proper print format specifier for
that type is %5u, not %4d.
Also clean up some miscellaneous print formatting nits.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Change all the uses of f_{dentry,vfsmnt} to f_path.{dentry,mnt} in the nfs
client code.
Signed-off-by: Josef "Jeff" Sipek <jsipek@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace all uses of kmem_cache_t with struct kmem_cache.
The patch was generated using the following script:
#!/bin/sh
#
# Replace one string by another in all the kernel sources.
#
set -e
for file in `find * -name "*.c" -o -name "*.h"|xargs grep -l $1`; do
quilt add $file
sed -e "1,\$s/$1/$2/g" $file >/tmp/$$
mv /tmp/$$ $file
quilt refresh
done
The script was run like this
sh replace kmem_cache_t "struct kmem_cache"
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SLAB_KERNEL is an alias of GFP_KERNEL.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove use of the Big Kernel Lock around calls to rpc_execute.
Signed-off-by: Frank Filz <ffilz@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
If invalidate_inode_pages2() fails, then it should in principle just be
because the current process was signalled. In that case, we just want to
ensure that the inode's page cache remains marked as invalid.
Also add a helper to allow the O_DIRECT code to simply mark the page cache as
invalid once it is finished writing, instead of calling
invalidate_inode_pages2() itself.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If the RPC call tanked, we should not be checking the return value
of data->res.verf->committed, since it is unlikely to even be
initialised.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch vectorizes aio_read() and aio_write() methods to prepare for
collapsing all aio & vectored operations into one interface - which is
aio_read()/aio_write().
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Michael Holzheu <HOLZHEU@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* Rougly half of callers already do it by not checking return value
* Code in drivers/acpi/osl.c does the following to be sure:
(void)kmem_cache_destroy(cache);
* Those who check it printk something, however, slab_error already printed
the name of failed cache.
* XFS BUGs on failed kmem_cache_destroy which is not the decision
low-level filesystem driver should make. Converted to ignore.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The logic in nfs_direct_read_schedule and nfs_direct_write_schedule can
allow data->npages to be one larger than rpages. This causes a page
pointer to be written beyond the end of the pagevec in nfs_read_data (or
nfs_write_data).
Fix this by making nfs_(read|write)_alloc() calculate the size of the
pagevec array, and initialise data->npages.
Also get rid of the redundant argument to nfs_commit_alloc().
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This reverts ccf01ef7aa commit.
No idea how git managed this one: when I asked it to merge the odirect
topic branch it actually generated a patch which reverted the change.
Reverting the 'merge' will once again reveal Chuck's recent NFS/O_DIRECT
work to the world.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Builds on ARM report link problems with common configurations like
statically linked NFS (for nfsroot). The symptom is that __init
section code references __exit section code; that won't work since
the exit sections are discarded (since they can never be called).
The best fix for these particular cases would be an "__init_or_exit"
section annotation.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Re-arrange the logic in the NFS direct I/O path so that nfs_read/write_data
structs are allocated just before they are scheduled, rather than
allocating them all at once before we start scheduling requests.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Neil Brown observed that the kmalloc() in nfs_get_user_pages() is more
likely to fail if the I/O is large enough to require the allocation of more
than a single page to keep track of all the pinned pages in the user's
buffer.
Instead of tracking one large page array per dreq/iocb, track pages per
nfs_read/write_data, just like the cached I/O path does. An array for
pages is already allocated for us by nfs_readdata_alloc() (and the write
and commit equivalents).
This is also required for adding support for vectored I/O to the NFS direct
I/O path.
The original reason to pin the user buffer and allocate all the NFS data
structures before trying to schedule I/O was to ensure all needed resources
are allocated on the client before starting to send requests. This reduces
the chance that resource exhaustion on the client will cause a short read
or write.
On the other hand, for an application making very large application I/O
requests, this means that it will be nearly impossible for the application
to make forward progress on a resource-limited client.
Thus, moving the buffer pinning functionality into the I/O scheduling
loops should be good for scalability. The next patch will do the same for
NFS data structure allocation.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Clean-up and fix a minor bug: the logic was dirtying page cache pages on
both read and write operations.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Make the user_addr, user_count, and pos parameters explicit to the
scheduler routines, and remove the fields from nfs_direct_req. The
iovec API will be passing in a series of these, not just one set.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
An NFSv3/v4 client must reschedule on-the-wire writes if the writes are
UNSTABLE, and the server reboots before the client can complete a
subsequent COMMIT request.
To support direct asynchronous scatter-gather writes, the write
rescheduler in fs/nfs/direct.c must not depend on the I/O parameters
in the controlling nfs_direct_req structure. iovecs can be somewhat
arbitrarily complex, so there could be an unbounded amount of information
to save for a rarely encountered requirement.
Refactor the direct write rescheduler so it uses information from each
nfs_write_data structure to reschedule writes, instead of caching that
information in the controlling nfs_direct_req structure.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Factor out the logic that increments and decrements the outstanding I/O
count. This will be a commonly used bit of code in upcoming patches.
Also make this an atomic_t again, since it will be very often manipulated
outside dreq->spin lock.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
As fs/nfs/inode.c is rather large, heterogenous and unwieldy, the attached
patch splits it up into a number of files:
(*) fs/nfs/inode.c
Strictly inode specific functions.
(*) fs/nfs/super.c
Superblock management functions for NFS and NFS4, normal access, clones
and referrals. The NFS4 superblock functions _could_ move out into a
separate conditionally compiled file, but it's probably not worth it as
there're so many common bits.
(*) fs/nfs/namespace.c
Some namespace-specific functions have been moved here.
(*) fs/nfs/nfs4namespace.c
NFS4-specific namespace functions (this could be merged into the previous
file). This file is conditionally compiled.
(*) fs/nfs/internal.h
Inter-file declarations, plus a few simple utility functions moved from
fs/nfs/inode.c.
Additionally, all the in-.c-file externs have been moved here, and those
files they were moved from now includes this file.
For the most part, the functions have not been changed, only some multiplexor
functions have changed significantly.
I've also:
(*) Added some extra banner comments above some functions.
(*) Rearranged the function order within the files to be more logical and
better grouped (IMO), though someone may prefer a different order.
(*) Reduced the number of #ifdefs in .c files.
(*) Added missing __init and __exit directives.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
* git://git.linux-nfs.org/pub/linux/nfs-2.6: (103 commits)
SUNRPC,RPCSEC_GSS: spkm3--fix config dependencies
SUNRPC,RPCSEC_GSS: spkm3: import contexts using NID_cast5_cbc
LOCKD: Make nlmsvc_traverse_shares return void
LOCKD: nlmsvc_traverse_blocks return is unused
SUNRPC,RPCSEC_GSS: fix krb5 sequence numbers.
NFSv4: Dont list system.nfs4_acl for filesystems that don't support it.
SUNRPC,RPCSEC_GSS: remove unnecessary kmalloc of a checksum
SUNRPC: Ensure rpc_call_async() always calls tk_ops->rpc_release()
SUNRPC: Fix memory barriers for req->rq_received
NFS: Fix a race in nfs_sync_inode()
NFS: Clean up nfs_flush_list()
NFS: Fix a race with PG_private and nfs_release_page()
NFSv4: Ensure the callback daemon flushes signals
SUNRPC: Fix a 'Busy inodes' error in rpc_pipefs
NFS, NLM: Allow blocking locks to respect signals
NFS: Make nfs_fhget() return appropriate error values
NFSv4: Fix an oops in nfs4_fill_super
lockd: blocks should hold a reference to the nlm_file
NFSv4: SETCLIENTID_CONFIRM should handle NFS4ERR_DELAY/NFS4ERR_RESOURCE
NFSv4: Send the delegation stateid for SETATTR calls
...
Rewrap the overly long source code lines resulting from the previous
patch's addition of the slab cache flag SLAB_MEM_SPREAD. This patch
contains only formatting changes, and no function change.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Mark file system inode and similar slab caches subject to SLAB_MEM_SPREAD
memory spreading.
If a slab cache is marked SLAB_MEM_SPREAD, then anytime that a task that's
in a cpuset with the 'memory_spread_slab' option enabled goes to allocate
from such a slab cache, the allocations are spread evenly over all the
memory nodes (task->mems_allowed) allowed to that task, instead of favoring
allocation on the node local to the current cpu.
The following inode and similar caches are marked SLAB_MEM_SPREAD:
file cache
==== =====
fs/adfs/super.c adfs_inode_cache
fs/affs/super.c affs_inode_cache
fs/befs/linuxvfs.c befs_inode_cache
fs/bfs/inode.c bfs_inode_cache
fs/block_dev.c bdev_cache
fs/cifs/cifsfs.c cifs_inode_cache
fs/coda/inode.c coda_inode_cache
fs/dquot.c dquot
fs/efs/super.c efs_inode_cache
fs/ext2/super.c ext2_inode_cache
fs/ext2/xattr.c (fs/mbcache.c) ext2_xattr
fs/ext3/super.c ext3_inode_cache
fs/ext3/xattr.c (fs/mbcache.c) ext3_xattr
fs/fat/cache.c fat_cache
fs/fat/inode.c fat_inode_cache
fs/freevxfs/vxfs_super.c vxfs_inode
fs/hpfs/super.c hpfs_inode_cache
fs/isofs/inode.c isofs_inode_cache
fs/jffs/inode-v23.c jffs_fm
fs/jffs2/super.c jffs2_i
fs/jfs/super.c jfs_ip
fs/minix/inode.c minix_inode_cache
fs/ncpfs/inode.c ncp_inode_cache
fs/nfs/direct.c nfs_direct_cache
fs/nfs/inode.c nfs_inode_cache
fs/ntfs/super.c ntfs_big_inode_cache_name
fs/ntfs/super.c ntfs_inode_cache
fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmfs.c dlmfs_inode_cache
fs/ocfs2/super.c ocfs2_inode_cache
fs/proc/inode.c proc_inode_cache
fs/qnx4/inode.c qnx4_inode_cache
fs/reiserfs/super.c reiser_inode_cache
fs/romfs/inode.c romfs_inode_cache
fs/smbfs/inode.c smb_inode_cache
fs/sysv/inode.c sysv_inode_cache
fs/udf/super.c udf_inode_cache
fs/ufs/super.c ufs_inode_cache
net/socket.c sock_inode_cache
net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c rpc_inode_cache
The choice of which slab caches to so mark was quite simple. I marked
those already marked SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT, except for fs/xfs, dentry_cache,
inode_cache, and buffer_head, which were marked in a previous patch. Even
though SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT is for a different purpose, it marks the same
potentially large file system i/o related slab caches as we need for memory
spreading.
Given that the rule now becomes "wherever you would have used a
SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT slab cache flag before (usually the inode cache), use
the SLAB_MEM_SPREAD flag too", this should be easy enough to maintain.
Future file system writers will just copy one of the existing file system
slab cache setups and tend to get it right without thinking.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Now that we have aio writes, it is possible for dreq->outstanding to be
zero, but for the I/O not to have completed. Convert struct nfs_direct_req
to use a completion to signal when the I/O is done.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Introduced by NFS aio+dio patches.
Test plan:
Compile kernel with CONFIG_NFS enabled on 64-bit hardware.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The struct nfs_direct_req currently keeps a pointer to the file descriptor
without referencing it. This may cause problems if the parent process is
killed.
The nfs_open_context should normally have all the information that we're
currently using the filp for, and unlike fput(), is safe to release from
an rpciod process context.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Currently NFS O_DIRECT writes use FILE_SYNC so that a COMMIT is not
necessary. This simplifies the internal logic, but this could be a
difficult workload for some servers.
Instead, let's send UNSTABLE writes, and after they all complete, send a
COMMIT for the dirty range. After the COMMIT returns successfully, then do
the wake_up or fire off aio_complete().
Test plan:
Async direct I/O tests against Solaris (or any server that requires
committed unstable writes). Reboot server during test.
Based on an earlier patch by Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
^C against "iozone -I" is hitting the assertion in nfs_clear_inode().
Test plan:
"iozone -i0 -I -a -c" against a slow server, then control C. This should
not cause an oops.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Three atomic_t variables cause a lot of bus locking. Because they are all
used in the same places in the code, just use a single spin lock.
Now that the atomic_t variables are gone, we can remove the request size
limitation since the code no longer depends on the limited width of atomic_t
on some platforms.
Test plan:
Compile with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled. Millions of fsx
operations, iozone, OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Clean up tab damage and comments. Replace "file_offset" with more commonly
used "pos".
Test plan:
Compile with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
For async iocb's, the NFS direct write path now returns EIOCBQUEUED,
and calls aio_complete when all the requested writes are finished. The
synchronous part of the NFS direct write path behaves exactly as it
was before.
Shared mapped NFS files will have some coherency difficulties when
accessed concurrently with aio+dio. Will need to explore how this
is handled in the local file system case.
Test plan:
aio-stress with "-O". OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Pass the iocb argument all the way down to the direct write request
scheduler, and make it available in nfs_direct_write_result.
Test plan:
Compile the kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled.
Millions of fsx-odirect ops. OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Eliminate the persistent use of automatic storage in all parts of the
NFS client's direct write path to pave the way for introducing support
for aio against files opened with the O_DIRECT flag.
Test plan:
Compile the kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled.
Millions of fsx-odirect ops. OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Duplicate infrastructure from direct read path that will allow write
path to generate multiple write requests concurrently. This will
enable us to add support for aio in this path.
Temporarily we will lose the ability to do UNSTABLE writes followed by
a COMMIT in the direct write path. However, all applications I am
aware of that use NFS O_DIRECT currently write in relatively small
chunks, so this should not be inconvenient in any way.
Test plan:
Millions of fsx-odirect ops. OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Factor out the common piece of completing an NFS direct I/O request.
Test plan:
Compile kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Factor out a small common piece of the path that allocate nfs_direct_req
structures.
Test plan:
Compile kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
We're about to add asynchrony to the NFS direct write path. Begin by
abstracting out the common pieces in the read path.
The first piece is nfs_direct_read_wait, which works the same whether the
process is waiting for a read or a write.
Test plan:
Compile kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
For async iocb's, the NFS direct read path should return EIOCBQUEUED and
call aio_complete when all the requested reads are finished. The
synchronous part of the NFS direct read path behaves exactly as it was
before.
Test plan:
aio-stress with "-O". OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Pass the iocb argument all the way down to the direct read request
scheduler, and make it available in nfs_direct_read_result.
Test plan:
Compile the kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled.
Millions of fsx-odirect ops. OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Eliminate the persistent use of automatic storage in all parts of the NFS
client's direct read path to pave the way for introducing support for aio
against files opened with the O_DIRECT flag.
Test plan:
Compile the kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled.
Millions of fsx-odirect ops. OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
size_t is used for holding byte counts, so use it for variables storing rsize.
Note that the write path will be updated as we add support for async
O_DIRECT writes.
Test plan:
Need to verify that existing comparisons against new size_t variables behave
correctly.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Update to latest coding style standards. Remove block comments on
statically defined functions, and place function definitions all on
one line.
Test plan:
Compile kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The NFS client's a_ops->direct_IO method, nfs_direct_IO, is required to
be present to allow NFS files to be opened with O_DIRECT, but is never
called because the NFS client shunts reads and writes to files opened
with O_DIRECT directly to its own routines.
Gut the nfs_direct_IO function. This eliminates the only part of the
NFS client's direct I/O path that requires support for multi-segment
iovs, allowing further simplification in subsequent patches.
Test plan:
Compile the kernel with CONFIG_NFS and CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO enabled. Millions
of fsx-odirect ops. OraSim.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Same callback hierarchy inversion as for the NFS write calls. This patch is
not strictly speaking needed by the O_DIRECT code, but avoids confusing
differences between the asynchronous read and write code.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Invoke the byte and event counter macros where we want to count bytes and
events.
Clean-up: fix a possible NULL dereference in nfs_lock, and simplify
nfs_file_open.
Test-plan:
fsx and iozone on UP and SMP systems, with and without pre-emption. Watch
for memory overwrite bugs, and performance loss (significantly more CPU
required per op).
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Based on an original patch by Mike O'Connor and Greg Banks of SGI.
Mike states:
A normal user can panic an NFS client and cause a local DoS with
'judicious'(?) use of O_DIRECT. Any O_DIRECT write to an NFS file where the
user buffer starts with a valid mapped page and contains an unmapped page,
will crash in this way. I haven't followed the code, but O_DIRECT reads with
similar user buffers will probably also crash albeit in different ways.
Details: when nfs_get_user_pages() calls get_user_pages(), it detects and
correctly handles get_user_pages() returning an error, which happens if the
first page covered by the user buffer's address range is unmapped. However,
if the first page is mapped but some subsequent page isn't, get_user_pages()
will return a positive number which is less than the number of pages requested
(this behaviour is sort of analagous to a short write() call and appears to be
intentional). nfs_get_user_pages() doesn't detect this and hands off the
array of pages (whose last few elements are random rubbish from the newly
allocated array memory) to it's caller, whence they go to
nfs_direct_write_seg(), which then totally ignores the nr_pages it's given,
and calculates its own idea of how many pages are in the array from the user
buffer length. Needless to say, when it comes to transmit those uninitialised
page* pointers, we see a crash in the network stack.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Most NFS server implementations allow up to 64KB reads and writes on the
wire. The Solaris NFS server allows up to a megabyte, for instance.
Now the Linux NFS client supports transfer sizes up to 1MB, too. This will
help reduce protocol and context switch overhead on read/write intensive NFS
workloads, and support larger atomic read and write operations on servers
that support them.
Test-plan:
Connectathon and iozone on mount point with wsize=rsize>32768 over TCP.
Tests with NFS over UDP to verify the maximum RPC payload size cap.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Replace ad hoc write parameter sanity checking in nfs_file_direct_write()
with a call to generic_write_checks(). This should make the proper checks
modulo the O_LARGEFILE flag, and should catch NFSv2-specific limitations by
virtue of i_sb->s_maxbytes.
Test plan:
Posix compliance testing with both NFSv2 and NFSv3.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The NFSv4 model requires us to complete all RPC calls that might
establish state on the server whether or not the user wants to
interrupt it. We may also need to schedule new work (including
new RPC calls) in order to cancel the new state.
The asynchronous RPC model will allow us to ensure that RPC calls
always complete, but in order to allow for "synchronous" RPC, we
want to add the ability to wait for completion.
The waits are, of course, interruptible.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Shrink the RPC task structure. Instead of storing separate pointers
for task->tk_exit and task->tk_release, put them in a structure.
Also pass the user data pointer as a parameter instead of passing it via
task->tk_calldata. This enables us to nest callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Ensure we call unmap_mapping_range() and sync dirty pages to disk before
doing an NFS direct write.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Fix some dprintk's so that NLM, NFS client, and RPC client compile
cleanly if CONFIG_SYSCTL is disabled.
Test plan:
Compile kernel with CONFIG_NFS enabled and CONFIG_SYSCTL disabled.
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
The following patch removes the f_error field and all checks of f_error.
Trond said:
f_error was introduced for NFS, and made sense when we were guaranteed
always to have a file pointer around when write errors occurred. Since
then, we have (for various reasons) had to introduce the nfs_open_context in
order to track the file read/write state, and it made sense to move our
f_error tracking there too.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Instead of looking at whether or not the file is open for writes before
we accept to update the length using the server value, we should rather
be looking at whether or not we are currently caching any writes.
Failure to do so means in particular that we're not updating the file
length correctly after obtaining a POSIX or BSD lock.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
