During a zswap store attempt, the compression algorithm could fail (for
e.g due to the page containing incompressible random data). This is not
tracked in any of existing zswap counters, making it hard to monitor for
and investigate. We have run into this problem several times in our
internal investigations on zswap store failures.
This patch adds a dedicated debugfs counter for compression algorithm
failures.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231024234509.2680539-1-nphamcs@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Shrink shmem's stack usage by eliminating the pseudo-vma from its folio
allocation. alloc_pages_mpol(gfp, order, pol, ilx, nid) becomes the
principal actor for passing mempolicy choice down to __alloc_pages(),
rather than vma_alloc_folio(gfp, order, vma, addr, hugepage).
vma_alloc_folio() and alloc_pages() remain, but as wrappers around
alloc_pages_mpol(). alloc_pages_bulk_*() untouched, except to provide the
additional args to policy_nodemask(), which subsumes policy_node().
Cleanup throughout, cutting out some unhelpful "helpers".
It would all be much simpler without MPOL_INTERLEAVE, but that adds a
dynamic to the constant mpol: complicated by v3.6 commit 09c231cb8b
("tmpfs: distribute interleave better across nodes"), which added ino bias
to the interleave, hidden from mm/mempolicy.c until this commit.
Hence "ilx" throughout, the "interleave index". Originally I thought it
could be done just with nid, but that's wrong: the nodemask may come from
the shared policy layer below a shmem vma, or it may come from the task
layer above a shmem vma; and without the final nodemask then nodeid cannot
be decided. And how ilx is applied depends also on page order.
The interleave index is almost always irrelevant unless MPOL_INTERLEAVE:
with one exception in alloc_pages_mpol(), where the NO_INTERLEAVE_INDEX
passed down from vma-less alloc_pages() is also used as hint not to use
THP-style hugepage allocation - to avoid the overhead of a hugepage arg
(though I don't understand why we never just added a GFP bit for THP - if
it actually needs a different allocation strategy from other pages of the
same order). vma_alloc_folio() still carries its hugepage arg here, but
it is not used, and should be removed when agreed.
get_vma_policy() no longer allows a NULL vma: over time I believe we've
eradicated all the places which used to need it e.g. swapoff and madvise
used to pass NULL vma to read_swap_cache_async(), but now know the vma.
[hughd@google.com: handle NULL mpol being passed to __read_swap_cache_async()]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ea419956-4751-0102-21f7-9c93cb957892@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/74e34633-6060-f5e3-aee-7040d43f2e93@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1738368e-bac0-fd11-ed7f-b87142a939fe@google.com
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <mimmocerasuolo@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When a zswap store fails due to the limit, it acquires a pool reference
and queues the shrinker. When the shrinker runs, it drops the reference.
However, there can be multiple store attempts before the shrinker wakes up
and runs once. This results in reference leaks and eventual saturation
warnings for the pool refcount.
Fix this by dropping the reference again when the shrinker is already
queued. This ensures one reference per shrinker run.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231006160024.170748-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Fixes: 45190f01dd ("mm/zswap.c: add allocation hysteresis if pool limit is hit")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [5.6+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
While stress-testing zswap a memory corruption was happening when writing
back pages. __frontswap_store used to check for duplicate entries before
attempting to store a page in zswap, this was because if the store fails
the old entry isn't removed from the tree. This change removes duplicate
entries in zswap_store before the actual attempt.
[cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com: add a warning and a comment, per Johannes]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230925130002.1929369-1-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230922172211.1704917-1-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Fixes: 42c06a0e8e ("mm: kill frontswap")
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Let's simply work on the folio directly and remove the helpers.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230821160849.531668-4-david@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 0bb488498c ("mm: zswap: remove zswap_header"), the 'offset'
has been replaced by swpentry, update the comment for it, and also add
comment for 'objcg'.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230808062056.292950-1-xiujianfeng@huaweicloud.com
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The __read_swap_cache_async() interface isn't more difficult to understand
than what the helper abstracts. Save the indirection and a level of
indentation for the primary work of the writeback func.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230727162343.1415598-4-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Removing a zswap entry from the tree is tied to an explicit operation
that's supposed to drop the base reference: swap invalidation, exclusive
load, duplicate store. Don't silently remove the entry on final put, but
instead warn if an entry is in tree without reference.
While in that diff context, convert a BUG_ON to a WARN_ON_ONCE. No need
to crash on a refcount underflow.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230727162343.1415598-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Cc: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm: zswap: three cleanups".
Three small cleanups to zswap, the first one suggested by Yosry during the
frontswap removal.
This patch (of 3):
Minor cleanup. Instead of open-coding the tree deletion and the put, use
the zswap_invalidate_entry() convenience helper.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230727162343.1415598-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230727162343.1415598-2-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Suggested-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Only convert a few easy parts of this function to use the folio passed in;
convert back to struct page for the majority of it. Removes three hidden
calls to compound_head().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230715042343.434588-6-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
As the one caller now has a folio, pass it in and use it. Removes three
calls to compound_head().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230715042343.434588-4-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Followup folio conversions for zswap".
With frontswap killed, it's worth converting the zswap_load() and
zswap_store() functions to take a folio instead of a page pointer. They
aren't converted to support large folios, but there are a lot of
unnecessary calls to compound_head() that are removed by these patches.
This patch (of 4):
Only convert a few easy parts of this function to use the folio passed in;
convert back to struct page for the majority of it. This does remove a
few hidden calls to compound_head().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230715042343.434588-1-willy@infradead.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230715042343.434588-3-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The only user of frontswap is zswap, and has been for a long time. Have
swap call into zswap directly and remove the indirection.
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: remove obsolete comment, per Yosry]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230719142832.GA932528@cmpxchg.org
[fengwei.yin@intel.com: don't warn if none swapcache folio is passed to zswap_load]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230810095652.3905184-1-fengwei.yin@intel.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230717160227.GA867137@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Yin Fengwei <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Acked-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Support using multiple zpools of the same type in zswap, for concurrency
purposes. A fixed number of 32 zpools is suggested by this commit, which
was determined empirically. It can be later changed or made into a config
option if needed.
On a setup with zswap and zsmalloc, comparing a single zpool to 32 zpools
shows improvements in the zsmalloc lock contention, especially on the swap
out path.
The following shows the perf analysis of the swapout path when 10
workloads are simultaneously reclaiming and refaulting tmpfs pages. There
are some improvements on the swap in path as well, but less significant.
1 zpool:
|--28.99%--zswap_frontswap_store
|
<snip>
|
|--8.98%--zpool_map_handle
| |
| --8.98%--zs_zpool_map
| |
| --8.95%--zs_map_object
| |
| --8.38%--_raw_spin_lock
| |
| --7.39%--queued_spin_lock_slowpath
|
|--8.82%--zpool_malloc
| |
| --8.82%--zs_zpool_malloc
| |
| --8.80%--zs_malloc
| |
| |--7.21%--_raw_spin_lock
| | |
| | --6.81%--queued_spin_lock_slowpath
<snip>
32 zpools:
|--16.73%--zswap_frontswap_store
|
<snip>
|
|--1.81%--zpool_malloc
| |
| --1.81%--zs_zpool_malloc
| |
| --1.79%--zs_malloc
| |
| --0.73%--obj_malloc
|
|--1.06%--zswap_update_total_size
|
|--0.59%--zpool_map_handle
| |
| --0.59%--zs_zpool_map
| |
| --0.57%--zs_map_object
| |
| --0.51%--_raw_spin_lock
<snip>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230620194644.3142384-1-yosryahmed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Suggested-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Acked-by: Chris Li (Google) <chrisl@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
If exclusive loads are enabled for zswap, we invalidate the entry before
returning from zswap_frontswap_load(), after dropping the local reference.
However, the tree lock is dropped during decompression after the local
reference is acquired, so the entry could be invalidated before we drop
the local ref. If this happens, the entry is freed once we drop the local
ref, and zswap_invalidate_entry() tries to invalidate an already freed
entry.
Fix this by:
(a) Making sure zswap_invalidate_entry() is always called with a local
ref held, to avoid being called on a freed entry.
(b) Making sure zswap_invalidate_entry() only drops the ref if the entry
was actually on the rbtree. Otherwise, another invalidation could
have already happened, and the initial ref is already dropped.
With these changes, there is no need to check that there is no need to
make sure the entry still exists in the tree in zswap_reclaim_entry()
before invalidating it, as zswap_reclaim_entry() will make this check
internally.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230621093009.637544-1-yosryahmed@google.com
Fixes: b9c91c4341 ("mm: zswap: support exclusive loads")
Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Reported-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When an entry started writeback, it used to be invalidated with ref count
logic alone, meaning that it would stay on the tree until all references
were put. The problem with this behavior is that as soon as the writeback
started, the ownership of the data held by the entry is passed to the
swapcache and should not be left in zswap too. Currently there are no
known issues because of this, but this change explicitly invalidates an
entry that started writeback to reduce opportunities for future bugs.
This patch is a follow up on the series titled "mm: zswap: move writeback
LRU from zpool to zswap" + commit f090b7949768("mm: zswap: support
exclusive loads").
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230614143122.74471-1-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Previously, zswap_header served the purpose of storing the swpentry within
zpool pages. This allowed zpool implementations to pass relevant
information to the writeback function. However, with the current
implementation, writeback is directly handled within zswap. Consequently,
there is no longer a necessity for zswap_header, as the swp_entry_t can be
stored directly in zswap_entry.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612093815.133504-8-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Suggested-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
zswap_writeback_entry() used to be a callback for the backends, which
don't know about struct zswap_entry.
Now that the only user is the generic zswap LRU reclaimer, it can be
simplified: pass the pinned zswap_entry directly, and consolidate the
refcount management in the shrink function.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612093815.133504-7-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Now that all three zswap backends have removed their shrink code, it is
no longer necessary for the zpool interface to include shrink/writeback
endpoints.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612093815.133504-6-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm: zswap: move writeback LRU from zpool to zswap", v3.
This series aims to improve the zswap reclaim mechanism by reorganizing
the LRU management. In the current implementation, the LRU is maintained
within each zpool driver, resulting in duplicated code across the three
drivers. The proposed change consists in moving the LRU management from
the individual implementations up to the zswap layer.
The primary objective of this refactoring effort is to simplify the
codebase. By unifying the reclaim loop and consolidating LRU handling
within zswap, we can eliminate redundant code and improve
maintainability. Additionally, this change enables the reclamation of
stored pages in their actual LRU order. Presently, the zpool drivers
link backing pages in an LRU, causing compressed pages with different
LRU positions to be written back simultaneously.
The series consists of several patches. The first patch implements the
LRU and the reclaim loop in zswap, but it is not used yet because all
three driver implementations are marked as zpool_evictable.
The following three commits modify each zpool driver to be not
zpool_evictable, allowing the use of the reclaim loop in zswap.
As the drivers removed their shrink functions, the zpool interface is
then trimmed by removing zpool_evictable, zpool_ops, and zpool_shrink.
Finally, the code in zswap is further cleaned up by simplifying the
writeback function and removing the now unnecessary zswap_header.
This patch (of 7):
Each zpool driver (zbud, z3fold and zsmalloc) implements its own shrink
function, which is called from zpool_shrink. However, with this commit, a
unified shrink function is added to zswap. The ultimate goal is to
eliminate the need for zpool_shrink once all zpool implementations have
dropped their shrink code.
To ensure the functionality of each commit, this change focuses solely on
adding the mechanism itself. No modifications are made to the backends,
meaning that functionally, there are no immediate changes. The zswap
mechanism will only come into effect once the backends have removed their
shrink code. The subsequent commits will address the modifications needed
in the backends.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612093815.133504-1-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612093815.133504-2-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 71024cb4a0 ("frontswap: remove frontswap_tmem_exclusive_gets")
removed support for exclusive loads from frontswap as it was not used.
Bring back exclusive loads support to frontswap by adding an "exclusive"
output parameter to frontswap_ops->load.
On the zswap side, add a module parameter to enable/disable exclusive
loads, and a config option to control the boot default value. Refactor
zswap entry invalidation in zswap_frontswap_invalidate_page() into
zswap_invalidate_entry() to reuse it in zswap_frontswap_load() if
exclusive loads are enabled.
With exclusive loads, we avoid having two copies of the same page in
memory (compressed & uncompressed) after faulting it in from zswap. On
the other hand, if the page is to be reclaimed again without being
dirtied, it will be re-compressed. Compression is not usually slow, and a
page that was just faulted in is less likely to be reclaimed again soon.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230607195143.1473802-1-yosryahmed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Suggested-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Before storing a page, zswap first checks if the number of stored pages
exceeds the limit specified by memory.zswap.max, for each cgroup in the
hierarchy. If this limit is reached or exceeded, then zswap shrinking is
triggered and short-circuits the store attempt.
However, since the zswap's LRU is not memcg-aware, this can create the
following pathological behavior: the cgroup whose zswap limit is 0 will
evict pages from other cgroups continually, without lowering its own zswap
usage. This means the shrinking will continue until the need for swap
ceases or the pool becomes empty.
As a result of this, we observe a disproportionate amount of zswap
writeback and a perpetually small zswap pool in our experiments, even
though the pool limit is never hit.
More generally, a cgroup might unnecessarily evict pages from other
cgroups before we drive the memcg back below its limit.
This patch fixes the issue by rejecting zswap store attempt without
shrinking the pool when obj_cgroup_may_zswap() returns false.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix return of unintialized value]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/ENOSPC/ENOMEM/]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230530222440.2777700-1-nphamcs@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230530232435.3097106-1-nphamcs@gmail.com
Fixes: f4840ccfca ("zswap: memcg accounting")
Signed-off-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
This update addresses an issue with the zswap reclaim mechanism, which
hinders the efficient offloading of cold pages to disk, thereby
compromising the preservation of the LRU order and consequently
diminishing, if not inverting, its performance benefits.
The functioning of the zswap shrink worker was found to be inadequate, as
shown by basic benchmark test. For the test, a kernel build was utilized
as a reference, with its memory confined to 1G via a cgroup and a 5G swap
file provided. The results are presented below, these are averages of
three runs without the use of zswap:
real 46m26s
user 35m4s
sys 7m37s
With zswap (zbud) enabled and max_pool_percent set to 1 (in a 32G
system), the results changed to:
real 56m4s
user 35m13s
sys 8m43s
written_back_pages: 18
reject_reclaim_fail: 0
pool_limit_hit:1478
Besides the evident regression, one thing to notice from this data is the
extremely low number of written_back_pages and pool_limit_hit.
The pool_limit_hit counter, which is increased in zswap_frontswap_store
when zswap is completely full, doesn't account for a particular scenario:
once zswap hits his limit, zswap_pool_reached_full is set to true; with
this flag on, zswap_frontswap_store rejects pages if zswap is still above
the acceptance threshold. Once we include the rejections due to
zswap_pool_reached_full && !zswap_can_accept(), the number goes from 1478
to a significant 21578266.
Zswap is stuck in an undesirable state where it rejects pages because it's
above the acceptance threshold, yet fails to attempt memory reclaimation.
This happens because the shrink work is only queued when
zswap_frontswap_store detects that it's full and the work itself only
reclaims one page per run.
This state results in hot pages getting written directly to disk, while
cold ones remain memory, waiting only to be invalidated. The LRU order is
completely broken and zswap ends up being just an overhead without
providing any benefits.
This commit applies 2 changes: a) the shrink worker is set to reclaim
pages until the acceptance threshold is met and b) the task is also
enqueued when zswap is not full but still above the threshold.
Testing this suggested update showed much better numbers:
real 36m37s
user 35m8s
sys 9m32s
written_back_pages: 10459423
reject_reclaim_fail: 12896
pool_limit_hit: 75653
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230526183227.793977-1-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Fixes: 45190f01dd ("mm/zswap.c: add allocation hysteresis if pool limit is hit")
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The zswap writeback mechanism can cause a race condition resulting in
memory corruption, where a swapped out page gets swapped in with data that
was written to a different page.
The race unfolds like this:
1. a page with data A and swap offset X is stored in zswap
2. page A is removed off the LRU by zpool driver for writeback in
zswap-shrink work, data for A is mapped by zpool driver
3. user space program faults and invalidates page entry A, offset X is
considered free
4. kswapd stores page B at offset X in zswap (zswap could also be
full, if so, page B would then be IOed to X, then skip step 5.)
5. entry A is replaced by B in tree->rbroot, this doesn't affect the
local reference held by zswap-shrink work
6. zswap-shrink work writes back A at X, and frees zswap entry A
7. swapin of slot X brings A in memory instead of B
The fix:
Once the swap page cache has been allocated (case ZSWAP_SWAPCACHE_NEW),
zswap-shrink work just checks that the local zswap_entry reference is
still the same as the one in the tree. If it's not the same it means that
it's either been invalidated or replaced, in both cases the writeback is
aborted because the local entry contains stale data.
Reproducer:
I originally found this by running `stress` overnight to validate my work
on the zswap writeback mechanism, it manifested after hours on my test
machine. The key to make it happen is having zswap writebacks, so
whatever setup pumps /sys/kernel/debug/zswap/written_back_pages should do
the trick.
In order to reproduce this faster on a vm, I setup a system with ~100M of
available memory and a 500M swap file, then running `stress --vm 1
--vm-bytes 300000000 --vm-stride 4000` makes it happen in matter of tens
of minutes. One can speed things up even more by swinging
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/max_pool_percent up and down between, say, 20
and 1; this makes it reproduce in tens of seconds. It's crucial to set
`--vm-stride` to something other than 4096 otherwise `stress` won't
realize that memory has been corrupted because all pages would have the
same data.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230503151200.19707-1-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Chris Li (Google) <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
switching from a user process to a kernel thread.
- More folio conversions from Kefeng Wang, Zhang Peng and Pankaj Raghav.
- zsmalloc performance improvements from Sergey Senozhatsky.
- Yue Zhao has found and fixed some data race issues around the
alteration of memcg userspace tunables.
- VFS rationalizations from Christoph Hellwig:
- removal of most of the callers of write_one_page().
- make __filemap_get_folio()'s return value more useful
- Luis Chamberlain has changed tmpfs so it no longer requires swap
backing. Use `mount -o noswap'.
- Qi Zheng has made the slab shrinkers operate locklessly, providing
some scalability benefits.
- Keith Busch has improved dmapool's performance, making part of its
operations O(1) rather than O(n).
- Peter Xu adds the UFFD_FEATURE_WP_UNPOPULATED feature to userfaultd,
permitting userspace to wr-protect anon memory unpopulated ptes.
- Kirill Shutemov has changed MAX_ORDER's meaning to be inclusive rather
than exclusive, and has fixed a bunch of errors which were caused by its
unintuitive meaning.
- Axel Rasmussen give userfaultfd the UFFDIO_CONTINUE_MODE_WP feature,
which causes minor faults to install a write-protected pte.
- Vlastimil Babka has done some maintenance work on vma_merge():
cleanups to the kernel code and improvements to our userspace test
harness.
- Cleanups to do_fault_around() by Lorenzo Stoakes.
- Mike Rapoport has moved a lot of initialization code out of various
mm/ files and into mm/mm_init.c.
- Lorenzo Stoakes removd vmf_insert_mixed_prot(), which was added for
DRM, but DRM doesn't use it any more.
- Lorenzo has also coverted read_kcore() and vread() to use iterators
and has thereby removed the use of bounce buffers in some cases.
- Lorenzo has also contributed further cleanups of vma_merge().
- Chaitanya Prakash provides some fixes to the mmap selftesting code.
- Matthew Wilcox changes xfs and afs so they no longer take sleeping
locks in ->map_page(), a step towards RCUification of pagefaults.
- Suren Baghdasaryan has improved mmap_lock scalability by switching to
per-VMA locking.
- Frederic Weisbecker has reworked the percpu cache draining so that it
no longer causes latency glitches on cpu isolated workloads.
- Mike Rapoport cleans up and corrects the ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER Kconfig
logic.
- Liu Shixin has changed zswap's initialization so we no longer waste a
chunk of memory if zswap is not being used.
- Yosry Ahmed has improved the performance of memcg statistics flushing.
- David Stevens has fixed several issues involving khugepaged,
userfaultfd and shmem.
- Christoph Hellwig has provided some cleanup work to zram's IO-related
code paths.
- David Hildenbrand has fixed up some issues in the selftest code's
testing of our pte state changing.
- Pankaj Raghav has made page_endio() unneeded and has removed it.
- Peter Xu contributed some rationalizations of the userfaultfd
selftests.
- Yosry Ahmed has fixed an issue around memcg's page recalim accounting.
- Chaitanya Prakash has fixed some arm-related issues in the
selftests/mm code.
- Longlong Xia has improved the way in which KSM handles hwpoisoned
pages.
- Peter Xu fixes a few issues with uffd-wp at fork() time.
- Stefan Roesch has changed KSM so that it may now be used on a
per-process and per-cgroup basis.
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Merge tag 'mm-stable-2023-04-27-15-30' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- Nick Piggin's "shoot lazy tlbs" series, to improve the peformance of
switching from a user process to a kernel thread.
- More folio conversions from Kefeng Wang, Zhang Peng and Pankaj
Raghav.
- zsmalloc performance improvements from Sergey Senozhatsky.
- Yue Zhao has found and fixed some data race issues around the
alteration of memcg userspace tunables.
- VFS rationalizations from Christoph Hellwig:
- removal of most of the callers of write_one_page()
- make __filemap_get_folio()'s return value more useful
- Luis Chamberlain has changed tmpfs so it no longer requires swap
backing. Use `mount -o noswap'.
- Qi Zheng has made the slab shrinkers operate locklessly, providing
some scalability benefits.
- Keith Busch has improved dmapool's performance, making part of its
operations O(1) rather than O(n).
- Peter Xu adds the UFFD_FEATURE_WP_UNPOPULATED feature to userfaultd,
permitting userspace to wr-protect anon memory unpopulated ptes.
- Kirill Shutemov has changed MAX_ORDER's meaning to be inclusive
rather than exclusive, and has fixed a bunch of errors which were
caused by its unintuitive meaning.
- Axel Rasmussen give userfaultfd the UFFDIO_CONTINUE_MODE_WP feature,
which causes minor faults to install a write-protected pte.
- Vlastimil Babka has done some maintenance work on vma_merge():
cleanups to the kernel code and improvements to our userspace test
harness.
- Cleanups to do_fault_around() by Lorenzo Stoakes.
- Mike Rapoport has moved a lot of initialization code out of various
mm/ files and into mm/mm_init.c.
- Lorenzo Stoakes removd vmf_insert_mixed_prot(), which was added for
DRM, but DRM doesn't use it any more.
- Lorenzo has also coverted read_kcore() and vread() to use iterators
and has thereby removed the use of bounce buffers in some cases.
- Lorenzo has also contributed further cleanups of vma_merge().
- Chaitanya Prakash provides some fixes to the mmap selftesting code.
- Matthew Wilcox changes xfs and afs so they no longer take sleeping
locks in ->map_page(), a step towards RCUification of pagefaults.
- Suren Baghdasaryan has improved mmap_lock scalability by switching to
per-VMA locking.
- Frederic Weisbecker has reworked the percpu cache draining so that it
no longer causes latency glitches on cpu isolated workloads.
- Mike Rapoport cleans up and corrects the ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER Kconfig
logic.
- Liu Shixin has changed zswap's initialization so we no longer waste a
chunk of memory if zswap is not being used.
- Yosry Ahmed has improved the performance of memcg statistics
flushing.
- David Stevens has fixed several issues involving khugepaged,
userfaultfd and shmem.
- Christoph Hellwig has provided some cleanup work to zram's IO-related
code paths.
- David Hildenbrand has fixed up some issues in the selftest code's
testing of our pte state changing.
- Pankaj Raghav has made page_endio() unneeded and has removed it.
- Peter Xu contributed some rationalizations of the userfaultfd
selftests.
- Yosry Ahmed has fixed an issue around memcg's page recalim
accounting.
- Chaitanya Prakash has fixed some arm-related issues in the
selftests/mm code.
- Longlong Xia has improved the way in which KSM handles hwpoisoned
pages.
- Peter Xu fixes a few issues with uffd-wp at fork() time.
- Stefan Roesch has changed KSM so that it may now be used on a
per-process and per-cgroup basis.
* tag 'mm-stable-2023-04-27-15-30' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (369 commits)
mm,unmap: avoid flushing TLB in batch if PTE is inaccessible
shmem: restrict noswap option to initial user namespace
mm/khugepaged: fix conflicting mods to collapse_file()
sparse: remove unnecessary 0 values from rc
mm: move 'mmap_min_addr' logic from callers into vm_unmapped_area()
hugetlb: pte_alloc_huge() to replace huge pte_alloc_map()
maple_tree: fix allocation in mas_sparse_area()
mm: do not increment pgfault stats when page fault handler retries
zsmalloc: allow only one active pool compaction context
selftests/mm: add new selftests for KSM
mm: add new KSM process and sysfs knobs
mm: add new api to enable ksm per process
mm: shrinkers: fix debugfs file permissions
mm: don't check VMA write permissions if the PTE/PMD indicates write permissions
migrate_pages_batch: fix statistics for longterm pin retry
userfaultfd: use helper function range_in_vma()
lib/show_mem.c: use for_each_populated_zone() simplify code
mm: correct arg in reclaim_pages()/reclaim_clean_pages_from_list()
fs/buffer: convert create_page_buffers to folio_create_buffers
fs/buffer: add folio_create_empty_buffers helper
...
Since some users may not use zswap, the zswap_pool is wasted. Save memory
by delaying the initialization of zswap until enabled.
[liushixin2@huawei.com: fix some pattern problem suggested by Christoph]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230411093632.822290-4-liushixin2@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230403121318.1876082-4-liushixin2@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Liu Shixin <liushixin2@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The zswap_init_started variable name has a bit confusing. Actually, there
are three state: uninitialized, initial failed and initial succeed. Add a
new variable zswap_init_state to replace zswap_init_{started/failed}.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230403121318.1876082-3-liushixin2@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Liu Shixin <liushixin2@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Delay the initialization of zswap", v9.
In the initialization of zswap, about 18MB memory will be allocated for
zswap_pool. Since some users may not use zswap, the zswap_pool is wasted.
Save memory by delaying the initialization of zswap until enabled.
This patch (of 3):
Remove zswap_entry_cache_create and zswap_entry_cache_destroy and use
kmem_cache_* function directly.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230411093632.822290-1-liushixin2@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230403121318.1876082-1-liushixin2@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230403121318.1876082-2-liushixin2@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Liu Shixin <liushixin2@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 8b41fc4454 ("kbuild: create modules.builtin without
Makefile.modbuiltin or tristate.conf"), MODULE_LICENSE declarations
are used to identify modules. As a consequence, uses of the macro
in non-modules will cause modprobe to misidentify their containing
object file as a module when it is not (false positives), and modprobe
might succeed rather than failing with a suitable error message.
So remove it in the files in this commit, none of which can be built as
modules.
Signed-off-by: Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-modules@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Hitomi Hasegawa <hasegawa-hitomi@fujitsu.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
The worst-case scenario on finding same element pages is that almost all
elements are same at the first glance but only last few elements are
different.
Since the same element tends to be grouped from the beginning of the
pages, if we check the first element with the last element before looping
through all elements, we might have some chances to quickly detect
non-same element pages.
1. Test is done under LG webOS TV (64-bit arch)
2. Dump the swap-out pages (~819200 pages)
3. Analyze the pages with simple test script which counts the iteration
number and measures the speed at off-line
Under 64-bit arch, the worst iteration count is PAGE_SIZE / 8 bytes = 512.
The speed is based on the time to consume page_same_filled() function
only. The result, on average, is listed as below:
Num of Iter Speed(MB/s)
Looping-Forward (Orig) 38 99265
Looping-Backward 36 102725
Last-element-check (This Patch) 33 125072
The result shows that the average iteration count decreases by 13% and the
speed increases by 25% with this patch. This patch does not increase the
overall time complexity, though.
I also ran simpler version which uses backward loop. Just looping
backward also makes some improvement, but less than this patch.
A similar change has already been made to zram in 90f82cbfe5 ("zram: try
to avoid worst-case scenario on same element pages").
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230205190036.1730134-1-taejoon.song@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Taejoon Song <taejoon.song@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Taejoon Song <taejoon.song@lge.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: <yjay.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Implement writeback for zsmalloc", v7.
Unlike other zswap allocators such as zbud or z3fold, zsmalloc currently
lacks the writeback mechanism. This means that when the zswap pool is
full, it will simply reject further allocations, and the pages will be
written directly to swap.
This series of patches implements writeback for zsmalloc. When the zswap
pool becomes full, zsmalloc will attempt to evict all the compressed
objects in the least-recently used zspages.
This patch (of 6):
zswap's customary lock order is tree->lock before pool->lock, because the
tree->lock protects the entries' refcount, and the free callbacks in the
backends acquire their respective pool locks to dispatch the backing
object. zsmalloc's map callback takes the pool lock, so zswap must not
grab the tree->lock while a handle is mapped. This currently only happens
during writeback, which isn't implemented for zsmalloc. In preparation
for it, move the tree->lock section out of the mapped entry section
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221128191616.1261026-1-nphamcs@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221128191616.1261026-2-nphamcs@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
zswap_frontswap_load() should be called from preemptible context (we even
call mutex_lock() there) and it does not look like we need to do
GFP_ATOMIC allocaion for temp buffer. The same applies to
zswap_writeback_entry().
Use GFP_KERNEL for temporary buffer allocation in both cases.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/Y3xCTr6ikbtcUr/y@google.com
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The argument is always set to end_swap_bio_write, so remove the argument
and mark end_swap_bio_write static.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220811141741.660214-1-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Applications can currently escape their cgroup memory containment when
zswap is enabled. This patch adds per-cgroup tracking and limiting of
zswap backend memory to rectify this.
The existing cgroup2 memory.stat file is extended to show zswap statistics
analogous to what's in meminfo and vmstat. Furthermore, two new control
files, memory.zswap.current and memory.zswap.max, are added to allow
tuning zswap usage on a per-workload basis. This is important since not
all workloads benefit from zswap equally; some even suffer compared to
disk swap when memory contents don't compress well. The optimal size of
the zswap pool, and the threshold for writeback, also depends on the size
of the workload's warm set.
The implementation doesn't use a traditional page_counter transaction.
zswap is unconventional as a memory consumer in that we only know the
amount of memory to charge once expensive compression has occurred. If
zwap is disabled or the limit is already exceeded we obviously don't want
to compress page upon page only to reject them all. Instead, the limit is
checked against current usage, then we compress and charge. This allows
some limit overrun, but not enough to matter in practice.
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix for CONFIG_SLOB builds]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YnwD14zxYjUJPc2w@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: opt out of cgroups v1]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/Yn6it9mBYFA+/lTb@cmpxchg.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220510152847.230957-7-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Currently it requires poking at debugfs to figure out the size and
population of the zswap cache on a host. There are no counters for reads
and writes against the cache. As a result, it's difficult to understand
zswap behavior on production systems.
Print zswap memory consumption and how many pages are zswapped out in
/proc/meminfo. Count zswapouts and zswapins in /proc/vmstat.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220510152847.230957-6-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "MM changes to improve swap-over-NFS support".
Assorted improvements for swap-via-filesystem.
This is a resend of these patches, rebased on current HEAD. The only
substantial changes is that swap_dirty_folio has replaced
swap_set_page_dirty.
Currently swap-via-fs (SWP_FS_OPS) doesn't work for any filesystem. It
has previously worked for NFS but that broke a few releases back. This
series changes to use a new ->swap_rw rather than ->readpage and
->direct_IO. It also makes other improvements.
There is a companion series already in linux-next which fixes various
issues with NFS. Once both series land, a final patch is needed which
changes NFS over to use ->swap_rw.
This patch (of 10):
Many functions declared in include/linux/swap.h are only used within mm/
Create a new "mm/swap.h" and move some of these declarations there.
Remove the redundant 'extern' from the function declarations.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: mm/memory-failure.c needs mm/swap.h]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/164859751830.29473.5309689752169286816.stgit@noble.brown
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/164859778120.29473.11725907882296224053.stgit@noble.brown
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Zswap has an ability to efficiently store same-value filled pages, which
can be turned on and off using the "same_filled_pages_enabled"
parameter.
However, there is currently no way to enable just this (lightweight)
functionality, while not making use of the whole compressed page storage
machinery.
Add a "non_same_filled_pages_enabled" parameter which allows disabling
handling of pages that aren't same-value filled. This way zswap can be
run in such lightweight same-value filled pages only mode.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/7dbafa963e8bab43608189abbe2067f4b9287831.1641247624.git.maciej.szmigiero@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Maciej S. Szmigiero <maciej.szmigiero@oracle.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is only a single instance of frontswap ops in the kernel, so
simplify the frontswap code by removing support for multiple operations.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211224062246.1258487-13-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <Konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the ZSWAP_SWAPCACHE_FAIL and ZSWAP_SWAPCACHE_EXIST case, we forgot to
call zpool_unmap_handle() when zpool can't sleep. And we might sleep in
zswap_get_swap_cache_page() while zpool can't sleep. To fix all of these,
zpool_unmap_handle() should be done before zswap_get_swap_cache_page()
when zpool can't sleep.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210522092242.3233191-4-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Fixes: fc6697a89f ("mm/zswap: add the flag can_sleep_mapped")
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Tian Tao <tiantao6@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The buf mapped via zpool_map_handle() is only used to store compressed
page buffer and there is no information to extract from it. So we could
use ZPOOL_MM_WO instead to avoid unnecessary copy-in at map time.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210522092242.3233191-3-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Tian Tao <tiantao6@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Cleanup and fixup for zswap".
This series contains cleanups to remove unused function and avoid
unnecessary copy-in at map time. Also this fixes two bugs in the function
zswap_writeback_entry(). More details can be found in the respective
changelogs.
This patch (of 3):
zswap_debugfs_exit() is unused, remove it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210522092242.3233191-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210522092242.3233191-2-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Tian Tao <tiantao6@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
strlcpy is marked as deprecated in Documentation/process/deprecated.rst,
and there is no functional difference when the caller expects truncation
(when not checking the return value). strscpy is relatively better as
it also avoids scanning the whole source string.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1614227981-20367-1-git-send-email-daizhiyuan@phytium.com.cn
Signed-off-by: Zhiyuan Dai <daizhiyuan@phytium.com.cn>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Fix the compatibility of zsmalloc and zswap".
Patch #1 adds a flag to zpool, then zswap used to determine if zpool
drivers such as zbud/z3fold/zsmalloc will enter an atomic context after
mapping.
The difference between zbud/z3fold and zsmalloc is that zsmalloc requires
an atomic context that since its map function holds a preempt-disabled,
but zbud/z3fold don't require an atomic context. So patch #2 sets flag
sleep_mapped to true indicating that zbud/z3fold can sleep after mapping.
zsmalloc didn't support sleep after mapping, so don't set that flag to
true.
This patch (of 2):
Add a flag to zpool, named is "can_sleep_mapped", and have it set true for
zbud/z3fold, not set this flag for zsmalloc, so its default value is
false. Then zswap could go the current path if the flag is true; and if
it's false, copy data from src to a temporary buffer, then unmap the
handle, take the mutex, process the buffer instead of src to avoid
sleeping function called from atomic context.
[natechancellor@gmail.com: add return value in zswap_frontswap_load]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210121214804.926843-1-natechancellor@gmail.com
[tiantao6@hisilicon.com: fix potential memory leak]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1611538365-51811-1-git-send-email-tiantao6@hisilicon.com
[colin.king@canonical.com: fix potential uninitialized pointer read on tmp]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210128141728.639030-1-colin.king@canonical.com
[tiantao6@hisilicon.com: fix variable 'entry' is uninitialized when used]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1611223030-58346-1-git-send-email-tiantao6@hisilicon.comLink: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1611035683-12732-1-git-send-email-tiantao6@hisilicon.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1611035683-12732-2-git-send-email-tiantao6@hisilicon.com
Signed-off-by: Tian Tao <tiantao6@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Acked-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Right now, all new ZIP drivers are adapted to crypto_acomp APIs rather
than legacy crypto_comp APIs. Tradiontal ZIP drivers like lz4,lzo etc
have been also wrapped into acomp via scomp backend. But zswap.c is still
using the old APIs. That means zswap won't be able to work on any new ZIP
drivers in kernel.
This patch moves to use cryto_acomp APIs to fix the disconnected bridge
between new ZIP drivers and zswap. It is probably the first real user to
use acomp but perhaps not a good example to demonstrate how multiple acomp
requests can be executed in parallel in one acomp instance. frontswap is
doing page load and store page by page synchronously. swap_writepage()
depends on the completion of frontswap_store() to decide if it should call
__swap_writepage() to swap to disk.
However this patch creates multiple acomp instances, so multiple threads
running on multiple different cpus can actually do (de)compression
parallelly, leveraging the power of multiple ZIP hardware queues. This is
also consistent with frontswap's page management model.
The old zswap code uses atomic context and avoids the race conditions
while shared resources like zswap_dstmem are accessed. Here since acomp
can sleep, per-cpu mutex is used to replace preemption-disable.
While it is possible to make mm/page_io.c and mm/frontswap.c support async
(de)compression in some way, the entire design requires careful thinking
and performance evaluation. For the first step, the base with fixed
connection between ZIP drivers and zswap should be built.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201107065332.26992-1-song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com
Signed-off-by: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Acked-by: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Cc: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Mahipal Challa <mahipalreddy2006@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Zhou Wang <wangzhou1@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
These should be const, so make it so.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1791535ee0b00f4a5c68cc4a8adada06593ad8f1.1601770305.git.joe@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: "Maciej S. Szmigiero" <mail@maciej.szmigiero.name>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compressed cache for swap pages (zswap) currently needs from 1 to 3
extra kernel command line parameters in order to make it work: it has to
be enabled by adding a "zswap.enabled=1" command line parameter and if one
wants a different compressor or pool allocator than the default lzo / zbud
combination then these choices also need to be specified on the kernel
command line in additional parameters.
Using a different compressor and allocator for zswap is actually pretty
common as guides often recommend using the lz4 / z3fold pair instead of
the default one. In such case it is also necessary to remember to enable
the appropriate compression algorithm and pool allocator in the kernel
config manually.
Let's avoid the need for adding these kernel command line parameters and
automatically pull in the dependencies for the selected compressor
algorithm and pool allocator by adding an appropriate default switches to
Kconfig.
The default values for these options match what the code was using
previously as its defaults.
Signed-off-by: Maciej S. Szmigiero <mail@maciej.szmigiero.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200202000112.456103-1-mail@maciej.szmigiero.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The "pool" pointer can be NULL at the end of the init_zswap(). (We
would allocate a new pool later in that situation)
So in the error handling then we need to make sure pool is a valid
pointer before calling "zswap_pool_destroy(pool);" because that function
dereferences the argument.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200114050902.og32fkllkod5ycf5@kili.mountain
Fixes: 93d4dfa9fbd0 ("mm/zswap.c: add allocation hysteresis if pool limit is hit")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
