Pull x32 support for x86-64 from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree introduces the X32 binary format and execution mode for x86:
32-bit data space binaries using 64-bit instructions and 64-bit kernel
syscalls.
This allows applications whose working set fits into a 32 bits address
space to make use of 64-bit instructions while using a 32-bit address
space with shorter pointers, more compressed data structures, etc."
Fix up trivial context conflicts in arch/x86/{Kconfig,vdso/vma.c}
* 'x86-x32-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (71 commits)
x32: Fix alignment fail in struct compat_siginfo
x32: Fix stupid ia32/x32 inversion in the siginfo format
x32: Add ptrace for x32
x32: Switch to a 64-bit clock_t
x32: Provide separate is_ia32_task() and is_x32_task() predicates
x86, mtrr: Use explicit sizing and padding for the 64-bit ioctls
x86/x32: Fix the binutils auto-detect
x32: Warn and disable rather than error if binutils too old
x32: Only clear TIF_X32 flag once
x32: Make sure TS_COMPAT is cleared for x32 tasks
fs: Remove missed ->fds_bits from cessation use of fd_set structs internally
fs: Fix close_on_exec pointer in alloc_fdtable
x32: Drop non-__vdso weak symbols from the x32 VDSO
x32: Fix coding style violations in the x32 VDSO code
x32: Add x32 VDSO support
x32: Allow x32 to be configured
x32: If configured, add x32 system calls to system call tables
x32: Handle process creation
x32: Signal-related system calls
x86: Add #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT to <asm/sys_ia32.h>
...
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar.
* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
cpusets: Remove an unused variable
sched/rt: Improve pick_next_highest_task_rt()
sched: Fix select_fallback_rq() vs cpu_active/cpu_online
sched/x86/smp: Do not enable IRQs over calibrate_delay()
sched: Fix compiler warning about declared inline after use
MAINTAINERS: Update email address for SCHEDULER and PERF EVENTS
Pull x86 updates from Ingo Molnar.
This touches some non-x86 files due to the sanitized INLINE_SPIN_UNLOCK
config usage.
Fixed up trivial conflicts due to just header include changes (removing
headers due to cpu_idle() merge clashing with the <asm/system.h> split).
* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/apic/amd: Be more verbose about LVT offset assignments
x86, tls: Off by one limit check
x86/ioapic: Add io_apic_ops driver layer to allow interception
x86/olpc: Add debugfs interface for EC commands
x86: Merge the x86_32 and x86_64 cpu_idle() functions
x86/kconfig: Remove CONFIG_TR=y from the defconfigs
x86: Stop recursive fault in print_context_stack after stack overflow
x86/io_apic: Move and reenable irq only when CONFIG_GENERIC_PENDING_IRQ=y
x86/apic: Add separate apic_id_valid() functions for selected apic drivers
locking/kconfig: Simplify INLINE_SPIN_UNLOCK usage
x86/kconfig: Update defconfigs
x86: Fix excessive MSR print out when show_msr is not specified
Pull timer core updates from Thomas Gleixner.
* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
ia64: vsyscall: Add missing paranthesis
alarmtimer: Don't call rtc_timer_init() when CONFIG_RTC_CLASS=n
x86: vdso: Put declaration before code
x86-64: Inline vdso clock_gettime helpers
x86-64: Simplify and optimize vdso clock_gettime monotonic variants
kernel-time: fix s/then/than/ spelling errors
time: remove no_sync_cmos_clock
time: Avoid scary backtraces when warning of > 11% adj
alarmtimer: Make sure we initialize the rtctimer
ntp: Fix leap-second hrtimer livelock
x86, tsc: Skip refined tsc calibration on systems with reliable TSC
rtc: Provide flag for rtc devices that don't support UIE
ia64: vsyscall: Use seqcount instead of seqlock
x86: vdso: Use seqcount instead of seqlock
x86: vdso: Remove bogus locking in update_vsyscall_tz()
time: Remove bogus comments
time: Fix change_clocksource locking
time: x86: Fix race switching from vsyscall to non-vsyscall clock
Merge third batch of patches from Andrew Morton:
- Some MM stragglers
- core SMP library cleanups (on_each_cpu_mask)
- Some IPI optimisations
- kexec
- kdump
- IPMI
- the radix-tree iterator work
- various other misc bits.
"That'll do for -rc1. I still have ~10 patches for 3.4, will send
those along when they've baked a little more."
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (35 commits)
backlight: fix typo in tosa_lcd.c
crc32: add help text for the algorithm select option
mm: move hugepage test examples to tools/testing/selftests/vm
mm: move slabinfo.c to tools/vm
mm: move page-types.c from Documentation to tools/vm
selftests/Makefile: make `run_tests' depend on `all'
selftests: launch individual selftests from the main Makefile
radix-tree: use iterators in find_get_pages* functions
radix-tree: rewrite gang lookup using iterator
radix-tree: introduce bit-optimized iterator
fs/proc/namespaces.c: prevent crash when ns_entries[] is empty
nbd: rename the nbd_device variable from lo to nbd
pidns: add reboot_pid_ns() to handle the reboot syscall
sysctl: use bitmap library functions
ipmi: use locks on watchdog timeout set on reboot
ipmi: simplify locking
ipmi: fix message handling during panics
ipmi: use a tasklet for handling received messages
ipmi: increase KCS timeouts
ipmi: decrease the IPMI message transaction time in interrupt mode
...
crashkernel reservation need know the total memory size. Current
get_total_mem simply use max_pfn - min_low_pfn. It is wrong because it
will including memory holes in the middle.
Especially for kvm guest with memory > 0xe0000000, there's below in qemu
code: qemu split memory as below:
if (ram_size >= 0xe0000000 ) {
above_4g_mem_size = ram_size - 0xe0000000;
below_4g_mem_size = 0xe0000000;
} else {
below_4g_mem_size = ram_size;
}
So for 4G mem guest, seabios will insert a 512M usable region beyond of
4G. Thus in above case max_pfn - min_low_pfn will be more than original
memsize.
Fixing this issue by using memblock_phys_mem_size() to get the total
memsize.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.12 (GNU/Linux)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=G9mT
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'split-asm_system_h-for-linus-20120328' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-asm_system
Pull "Disintegrate and delete asm/system.h" from David Howells:
"Here are a bunch of patches to disintegrate asm/system.h into a set of
separate bits to relieve the problem of circular inclusion
dependencies.
I've built all the working defconfigs from all the arches that I can
and made sure that they don't break.
The reason for these patches is that I recently encountered a circular
dependency problem that came about when I produced some patches to
optimise get_order() by rewriting it to use ilog2().
This uses bitops - and on the SH arch asm/bitops.h drags in
asm-generic/get_order.h by a circuituous route involving asm/system.h.
The main difficulty seems to be asm/system.h. It holds a number of
low level bits with no/few dependencies that are commonly used (eg.
memory barriers) and a number of bits with more dependencies that
aren't used in many places (eg. switch_to()).
These patches break asm/system.h up into the following core pieces:
(1) asm/barrier.h
Move memory barriers here. This already done for MIPS and Alpha.
(2) asm/switch_to.h
Move switch_to() and related stuff here.
(3) asm/exec.h
Move arch_align_stack() here. Other process execution related bits
could perhaps go here from asm/processor.h.
(4) asm/cmpxchg.h
Move xchg() and cmpxchg() here as they're full word atomic ops and
frequently used by atomic_xchg() and atomic_cmpxchg().
(5) asm/bug.h
Move die() and related bits.
(6) asm/auxvec.h
Move AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH here.
Other arch headers are created as needed on a per-arch basis."
Fixed up some conflicts from other header file cleanups and moving code
around that has happened in the meantime, so David's testing is somewhat
weakened by that. We'll find out anything that got broken and fix it..
* tag 'split-asm_system_h-for-linus-20120328' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-asm_system: (38 commits)
Delete all instances of asm/system.h
Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h
Add #includes needed to permit the removal of asm/system.h
Move all declarations of free_initmem() to linux/mm.h
Disintegrate asm/system.h for OpenRISC
Split arch_align_stack() out from asm-generic/system.h
Split the switch_to() wrapper out of asm-generic/system.h
Move the asm-generic/system.h xchg() implementation to asm-generic/cmpxchg.h
Create asm-generic/barrier.h
Make asm-generic/cmpxchg.h #include asm-generic/cmpxchg-local.h
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Xtensa
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Unicore32 [based on ver #3, changed by gxt]
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Tile
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Sparc
Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH
Disintegrate asm/system.h for Score
Disintegrate asm/system.h for S390
Disintegrate asm/system.h for PowerPC
Disintegrate asm/system.h for PA-RISC
Disintegrate asm/system.h for MN10300
...
Pull kvm updates from Avi Kivity:
"Changes include timekeeping improvements, support for assigning host
PCI devices that share interrupt lines, s390 user-controlled guests, a
large ppc update, and random fixes."
This is with the sign-off's fixed, hopefully next merge window we won't
have rebased commits.
* 'kvm-updates/3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (130 commits)
KVM: Convert intx_mask_lock to spin lock
KVM: x86: fix kvm_write_tsc() TSC matching thinko
x86: kvmclock: abstract save/restore sched_clock_state
KVM: nVMX: Fix erroneous exception bitmap check
KVM: Ignore the writes to MSR_K7_HWCR(3)
KVM: MMU: make use of ->root_level in reset_rsvds_bits_mask
KVM: PMU: add proper support for fixed counter 2
KVM: PMU: Fix raw event check
KVM: PMU: warn when pin control is set in eventsel msr
KVM: VMX: Fix delayed load of shared MSRs
KVM: use correct tlbs dirty type in cmpxchg
KVM: Allow host IRQ sharing for assigned PCI 2.3 devices
KVM: Ensure all vcpus are consistent with in-kernel irqchip settings
KVM: x86 emulator: Allow PM/VM86 switch during task switch
KVM: SVM: Fix CPL updates
KVM: x86 emulator: VM86 segments must have DPL 3
KVM: x86 emulator: Fix task switch privilege checks
arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c: included linux/sched.h twice
KVM: x86 emulator: correctly mask pmc index bits in RDPMC instruction emulation
KVM: mmu_notifier: Flush TLBs before releasing mmu_lock
...
Add information about LVT offset assignments to better debug firmware
bugs related to this. See following examples.
# dmesg | grep -i 'offset\|ibs'
LVT offset 0 assigned for vector 0xf9
[Firmware Bug]: cpu 0, try to use APIC500 (LVT offset 0) for vector 0x10400, but the register is already in use for vector 0xf9 on another cpu
[Firmware Bug]: cpu 0, IBS interrupt offset 0 not available (MSRC001103A=0x0000000000000100)
Failed to setup IBS, -22
In this case the BIOS assigns both offsets for MCE (0xf9) and IBS
(0x400) vectors to offset 0, which is why the second APIC setup (IBS)
failed.
With correct setup you get:
# dmesg | grep -i 'offset\|ibs'
LVT offset 0 assigned for vector 0xf9
LVT offset 1 assigned for vector 0x400
IBS: LVT offset 1 assigned
perf: AMD IBS detected (0x00000007)
oprofile: AMD IBS detected (0x00000007)
Note: The vector includes also the message type to handle also NMIs
(0x400). In the firmware bug message the format is the same as of the
APIC500 register and includes the mask bit (bit 16) in addition.
Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
These are used as offsets into an array of GDT_ENTRY_TLS_ENTRIES members
so GDT_ENTRY_TLS_ENTRIES is one past the end of the array.
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120324075250.GA28258@elgon.mountain
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Xen dom0 needs to paravirtualize IO operations to the IO APIC,
so add a io_apic_ops for it to intercept. Do this as ops
structure because there's at least some chance that another
paravirtualized environment may want to intercept these.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: jwboyer@redhat.com
Cc: yinghai@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1332385090-18056-2-git-send-email-konrad.wilk@oracle.com
[ Made all the affected code easier on the eyes ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We should not ever enable IRQs until we're fully set up. This opens up
a window where interrupts can hit the cpu and interrupts can do
wakeups, wakeups need state that isn't set-up yet, in particular this
cpu isn't elegible to run tasks, so if any cpu-affine task that got
created in CPU_UP_PREPARE manages to get a wakeup, its affinity mask
will get broken and we'll run into lots of 'interesting' problems.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-yaezmlbriluh166tfkgni22m@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Both functions are mostly identical.
The differences are:
- x86_32's cpu_idle() makes use of check_pgt_cache(), which is a
nop on both x86_32 and x86_64.
- x86_64's cpu_idle() uses enter/__exit_idle/(), on x86_32 these
function are a nop.
- In contrast to x86_32, x86_64 calls rcu_idle_enter/exit() in
the innermost loop because idle notifications need RCU.
Calling these function on x86_32 also in the innermost loop
does not hurt.
So we can merge both functions.
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: tj@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1332709204-22496-1-git-send-email-richard@nod.at
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
"[RFC - PATCH 0/7] consolidation of BUG support code."
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/26/525
--
The changes shown here are to unify linux's BUG support under
the one <linux/bug.h> file. Due to historical reasons, we have
some BUG code in bug.h and some in kernel.h -- i.e. the support for
BUILD_BUG in linux/kernel.h predates the addition of linux/bug.h,
but old code in kernel.h wasn't moved to bug.h at that time. As
a band-aid, kernel.h was including <asm/bug.h> to pseudo link them.
This has caused confusion[1] and general yuck/WTF[2] reactions.
Here is an example that violates the principle of least surprise:
CC lib/string.o
lib/string.c: In function 'strlcat':
lib/string.c:225:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'BUILD_BUG_ON'
make[2]: *** [lib/string.o] Error 1
$
$ grep linux/bug.h lib/string.c
#include <linux/bug.h>
$
We've included <linux/bug.h> for the BUG infrastructure and yet we
still get a compile fail! [We've not kernel.h for BUILD_BUG_ON.]
Ugh - very confusing for someone who is new to kernel development.
With the above in mind, the goals of this changeset are:
1) find and fix any include/*.h files that were relying on the
implicit presence of BUG code.
2) find and fix any C files that were consuming kernel.h and
hence relying on implicitly getting some/all BUG code.
3) Move the BUG related code living in kernel.h to <linux/bug.h>
4) remove the asm/bug.h from kernel.h to finally break the chain.
During development, the order was more like 3-4, build-test, 1-2.
But to ensure that git history for bisect doesn't get needless
build failures introduced, the commits have been reorderd to fix
the problem areas in advance.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/3/90
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/17/414
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.11 (GNU/Linux)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=PYQT
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'bug-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux
Pull <linux/bug.h> cleanup from Paul Gortmaker:
"The changes shown here are to unify linux's BUG support under the one
<linux/bug.h> file. Due to historical reasons, we have some BUG code
in bug.h and some in kernel.h -- i.e. the support for BUILD_BUG in
linux/kernel.h predates the addition of linux/bug.h, but old code in
kernel.h wasn't moved to bug.h at that time. As a band-aid, kernel.h
was including <asm/bug.h> to pseudo link them.
This has caused confusion[1] and general yuck/WTF[2] reactions. Here
is an example that violates the principle of least surprise:
CC lib/string.o
lib/string.c: In function 'strlcat':
lib/string.c:225:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'BUILD_BUG_ON'
make[2]: *** [lib/string.o] Error 1
$
$ grep linux/bug.h lib/string.c
#include <linux/bug.h>
$
We've included <linux/bug.h> for the BUG infrastructure and yet we
still get a compile fail! [We've not kernel.h for BUILD_BUG_ON.] Ugh -
very confusing for someone who is new to kernel development.
With the above in mind, the goals of this changeset are:
1) find and fix any include/*.h files that were relying on the
implicit presence of BUG code.
2) find and fix any C files that were consuming kernel.h and hence
relying on implicitly getting some/all BUG code.
3) Move the BUG related code living in kernel.h to <linux/bug.h>
4) remove the asm/bug.h from kernel.h to finally break the chain.
During development, the order was more like 3-4, build-test, 1-2. But
to ensure that git history for bisect doesn't get needless build
failures introduced, the commits have been reorderd to fix the problem
areas in advance.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/3/90
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/17/414"
Fix up conflicts (new radeon file, reiserfs header cleanups) as per Paul
and linux-next.
* tag 'bug-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux:
kernel.h: doesn't explicitly use bug.h, so don't include it.
bug: consolidate BUILD_BUG_ON with other bug code
BUG: headers with BUG/BUG_ON etc. need linux/bug.h
bug.h: add include of it to various implicit C users
lib: fix implicit users of kernel.h for TAINT_WARN
spinlock: macroize assert_spin_locked to avoid bug.h dependency
x86: relocate get/set debugreg fcns to include/asm/debugreg.
Sigh, warnings are there for a reason.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
After printing out the first line of a stack backtrace,
print_context_stack() calls print_ftrace_graph_addr() to check
if it's making a graph of function calls, usually not the case.
But unfortunate ordering of assignments causes this to oops if
an earlier stack overflow corrupted threadinfo->task. Reorder
to avoid that irritation.
( The fact that there was a stack overflow may often be more
interesting than the stack that can now be shown; but
integrating that information with this stacktrace is awkward,
so leave it to overflow reporting. )
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120323225648.15DD5A033B@akpm.mtv.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull additional x86 fixes from Peter Anvin:
- address a long-standing bug related to when a kernel-spawned process
gets a signal on an i386 kernel compiled without CONFIG_VM86.
- fix the newly introduced build warning in arch/x86/boot.
- fix a typo in the i386 system call table which affects building some
libcs.
* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86-32: Fix endless loop when processing signals for kernel tasks
x86, boot: Correct CFLAGS for hostprogs
x86-32: Fix typo for mq_getsetattr in syscall table
Merge second batch of patches from Andrew Morton:
- various misc things
- core kernel changes to prctl, exit, exec, init, etc.
- kernel/watchdog.c updates
- get_maintainer
- MAINTAINERS
- the backlight driver queue
- core bitops code cleanups
- the led driver queue
- some core prio_tree work
- checkpatch udpates
- largeish crc32 update
- a new poll() feature for the v4l guys
- the rtc driver queue
- fatfs
- ptrace
- signals
- kmod/usermodehelper updates
- coredump
- procfs updates
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (141 commits)
seq_file: add seq_set_overflow(), seq_overflow()
proc-ns: use d_set_d_op() API to set dentry ops in proc_ns_instantiate().
procfs: speed up /proc/pid/stat, statm
procfs: add num_to_str() to speed up /proc/stat
proc: speed up /proc/stat handling
fs/proc/kcore.c: make get_sparsemem_vmemmap_info() static
coredump: add VM_NODUMP, MADV_NODUMP, MADV_CLEAR_NODUMP
coredump: remove VM_ALWAYSDUMP flag
kmod: make __request_module() killable
kmod: introduce call_modprobe() helper
usermodehelper: ____call_usermodehelper() doesn't need do_exit()
usermodehelper: kill umh_wait, renumber UMH_* constants
usermodehelper: implement UMH_KILLABLE
usermodehelper: introduce umh_complete(sub_info)
usermodehelper: use UMH_WAIT_PROC consistently
signal: zap_pid_ns_processes: s/SEND_SIG_NOINFO/SEND_SIG_FORCED/
signal: oom_kill_task: use SEND_SIG_FORCED instead of force_sig()
signal: cosmetic, s/from_ancestor_ns/force/ in prepare_signal() paths
signal: give SEND_SIG_FORCED more power to beat SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE
Hexagon: use set_current_blocked() and block_sigmask()
...
Use for_each_clear_bit() to iterate over all the cleared bit in a
memory region.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This renames for_each_set_bit_cont() to for_each_set_bit_from() because
it is analogous to list_for_each_entry_from() in list.h rather than
list_for_each_entry_continue().
This doesn't remove for_each_set_bit_cont() for now.
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We used to store the wall-to-monotonic offset and the realtime base.
It's faster to precompute the monotonic base.
This is about a 3% speedup on Sandy Bridge for CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
It's much more impressive for CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Pull PCI changes (including maintainer change) from Jesse Barnes:
"This pull has some good cleanups from Bjorn and Yinghai, as well as
some more code from Yinghai to better handle resource re-allocation
when enabled.
There's also a new initcall_debug feature from Arjan which will print
out quirk timing information to help identify slow quirks for fixing
or refinement (Yinghai sent in a few patches to do just that once the
new debug code landed).
Beyond that, I'm handing off PCI maintainership to Bjorn Helgaas.
He's been a core PCI and Linux contributor for some time now, and has
kindly volunteered to take over. I just don't feel I have the time
for PCI review and work that it deserves lately (I've taken on some
other projects), and haven't been as responsive lately as I'd like, so
I approached Bjorn asking if he'd like to manage things. He's going
to give it a try, and I'm confident he'll do at least as well as I
have in keeping the tree managed, patches flowing, and keeping things
stable."
Fix up some fairly trivial conflicts due to other cleanups (mips device
resource fixup cleanups clashing with list handling cleanup, ppc iseries
removal clashing with pci_probe_only cleanup etc)
* 'linux-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci: (112 commits)
PCI: Bjorn gets PCI hotplug too
PCI: hand PCI maintenance over to Bjorn Helgaas
unicore32/PCI: move <asm-generic/pci-bridge.h> include to asm/pci.h
sparc/PCI: convert devtree and arch-probed bus addresses to resource
powerpc/PCI: allow reallocation on PA Semi
powerpc/PCI: convert devtree bus addresses to resource
powerpc/PCI: compute I/O space bus-to-resource offset consistently
arm/PCI: don't export pci_flags
PCI: fix bridge I/O window bus-to-resource conversion
x86/PCI: add spinlock held check to 'pcibios_fwaddrmap_lookup()'
PCI / PCIe: Introduce command line option to disable ARI
PCI: make acpihp use __pci_remove_bus_device instead
PCI: export __pci_remove_bus_device
PCI: Rename pci_remove_behind_bridge to pci_stop_and_remove_behind_bridge
PCI: Rename pci_remove_bus_device to pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device
PCI: print out PCI device info along with duration
PCI: Move "pci reassigndev resource alignment" out of quirks.c
PCI: Use class for quirk for usb host controller fixup
PCI: Use class for quirk for ti816x class fixup
PCI: Use class for quirk for intel e100 interrupt fixup
...
- Fix KDB keyboard repeat scan codes and leaked keyboard events
- Fix kernel crash with kdb_printf() for users who compile new kdb_printf()'s
in early code
- Return all segment registers to gdb on x86_64
Features:
- KDB/KGDB hook the reboot notifier and end user can control if it stops,
detaches or does nothing (updated docs as well)
- Notify users who use CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA to use hw breakpoints
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.11 (GNU/Linux)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=SXu9
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'for_linus-3.4-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwessel/kgdb
Pull KGDB/KDB updates from Jason Wessel:
"Fixes:
- Fix KDB keyboard repeat scan codes and leaked keyboard events
- Fix kernel crash with kdb_printf() for users who compile new
kdb_printf()'s in early code
- Return all segment registers to gdb on x86_64
Features:
- KDB/KGDB hook the reboot notifier and end user can control if it
stops, detaches or does nothing (updated docs as well)
- Notify users who use CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA to use hw breakpoints"
* tag 'for_linus-3.4-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwessel/kgdb:
kdb: Add message about CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA on failure to install breakpoint
kdb: Avoid using dbg_io_ops until it is initialized
kgdb,debug_core: add the ability to control the reboot notifier
KDB: Fix usability issues relating to the 'enter' key.
kgdb,debug-core,gdbstub: Hook the reboot notifier for debugger detach
kgdb: Respect that flush op is optional
kgdb: x86: Return all segment registers also in 64-bit mode
This patch removes dead code from certain .config variations.
When CONFIG_GENERIC_PENDING_IRQ=n irq move and reenable code is
never get executed, nor do_unmask_irq variable updates its init
value. Move the code under CONFIG_GENERIC_PENDING_IRQ macro.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120320141935.GA24806@dhcp-26-207.brq.redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
As suggested by Suresh Siddha and Yinghai Lu:
For x2apic pre-enabled systems, apic driver is set already early
through early_acpi_boot_init()/early_acpi_process_madt()/
acpi_parse_madt()/default_acpi_madt_oem_check() path so that
apic_id_valid() checking will be sufficient during MADT and SRAT
parsing.
For non-x2apic pre-enabled systems, all apic ids should be less
than 255.
This allows us to substitute the checks in
arch/x86/kernel/acpi/boot.c::acpi_parse_x2apic() and
arch/x86/mm/srat.c::acpi_numa_x2apic_affinity_init() with
apic->apic_id_valid().
In addition we can avoid feigning the x2apic cpu feature in the
NumaChip apic code.
The following apic drivers have separate apic_id_valid()
functions which will accept x2apic type IDs :
x2apic_phys
x2apic_cluster
x2apic_uv_x
apic_numachip
Signed-off-by: Steffen Persvold <sp@numascale.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale-asia.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1331925935-13372-1-git-send-email-sp@numascale.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Dave found:
| During bootup, I now have 162 messages like this..
| [ 0.227346] MSR0000001b: 00000000fee00900
| [ 0.227465] MSR00000021: 0000000000000001
| [ 0.227584] MSR0000002a: 00000000c1c81400
|
| commit 21c3fcf3e3 looks suspect.
| It claims that it will only print these out if show_msr= is
| passed, but that doesn't seem to be the case.
Fix it by changing to the version that checks the index.
Reported-and-tested-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1332477103-4595-1-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The problem occurs on !CONFIG_VM86 kernels [1] when a kernel-mode task
returns from a system call with a pending signal.
A real-life scenario is a child of 'khelper' returning from a failed
kernel_execve() in ____call_usermodehelper() [ kernel/kmod.c ].
kernel_execve() fails due to a pending SIGKILL, which is the result of
"kill -9 -1" (at least, busybox's init does it upon reboot).
The loop is as follows:
* syscall_exit_work:
- work_pending: // start_of_the_loop
- work_notify_sig:
- do_notify_resume()
- do_signal()
- if (!user_mode(regs)) return;
- resume_userspace // TIF_SIGPENDING is still set
- work_pending // so we call work_pending => goto
// start_of_the_loop
More information can be found in another LKML thread:
http://www.serverphorums.com/read.php?12,457826
[1] the problem was also seen on MIPS.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1332448765.2299.68.camel@dimm
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@hack.frob.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Even if the content is always 0, gdb expects us to return also ds,
es, fs, and gs while in x86-64 mode. Do this to avoid ugly errors on
"info registers".
[jason.wessel@windriver.com: adjust NUMREGBYTES for two new regs]
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Pull x86 "urgent" leftovers from Ingo Molnar:
"Pending x86/urgent bits that were not high prio enough to warrant
-rc-less v3.3-final inclusion."
* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86, efi: Fix pointer math issue in handle_ramdisks()
x86/ioapic: Add register level checks to detect bogus io-apic entries
x86, mce: Fix rcu splat in drain_mce_log_buffer()
x86, memblock: Move mem_hole_size() to .init
Pull x86 platform changes from Ingo Molnar.
Removes the Moorestown platform that nobody ever used.
* 'x86-platform-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/platform: Move APIC ID validity check into platform APIC code
x86/olpc/xo15/sci: Enable lid close wakeup control
x86/geode/net5501: Add platform driver for Soekris Engineering net5501
x86/geode/alix2: Supplement driver to include GPIO button support
x86/mid/powerbtn: Use MSIC read/write instead of ipc_scu
x86/mid/thermal: Turn off thermistor
x86/mid/thermal: Add msic_thermal alias
x86/mid/thermal: Convert to use Intel MSIC API
x86/mid/scu_ipc: Remove Moorestown support
x86/mid: Kill off Moorestown
x86/mrst: Add msic_thermal platform support
x86/config: Select MSIC MFD driver on Intel Medfield platform
x86/mid: Remove Intel Moorestown
x86/mrst: Set ISA bus type for fake MP IRQs
x86/ioapic: Use legacy_pic to set correct gsi-irq mapping
Pull MCE changes from Ingo Molnar.
* 'x86-mce-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/mce: Fix return value of mce_chrdev_read() when erst is disabled
x86/mce: Convert static array of pointers to per-cpu variables
x86/mce: Replace hard coded hex constants with symbolic defines
x86/mce: Recognise machine check bank signature for data path error
x86/mce: Handle "action required" errors
x86/mce: Add mechanism to safely save information in MCE handler
x86/mce: Create helper function to save addr/misc when needed
HWPOISON: Add code to handle "action required" errors.
HWPOISON: Clean up memory_failure() vs. __memory_failure()
Pull x86/fpu changes from Ingo Molnar.
* 'x86-fpu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
i387: Split up <asm/i387.h> into exported and internal interfaces
i387: Uninline the generic FP helpers that we expose to kernel modules
Pull trivial x86 branches from Ingo Molnar: small one-liners to fix up
details.
* 'x86-cpu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86: Remove some noise from boot log when starting cpus
* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86, boot: Fix port argument to inl() function
* 'x86-cpufeature-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86, cpufeature: Add CPU features from Intel document 319433-012A
* 'x86-process-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86_64: Record stack pointer before task execution begins
* 'x86-uv-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/UV: Lower UV rtc clocksource rating
Pull x86/asm changes from Ingo Molnar
* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86: Include probe_roms.h in probe_roms.c
x86/32: Print control and debug registers for kerenel context
x86: Tighten dependencies of CPU_SUP_*_32
x86/numa: Improve internode cache alignment
x86: Fix the NMI nesting comments
x86-64: Improve insn scheduling in SAVE_ARGS_IRQ
x86-64: Fix CFI annotations for NMI nesting code
bitops: Add missing parentheses to new get_order macro
bitops: Optimise get_order()
bitops: Adjust the comment on get_order() to describe the size==0 case
x86/spinlocks: Eliminate TICKET_MASK
x86-64: Handle byte-wise tail copying in memcpy() without a loop
x86-64: Fix memcpy() to support sizes of 4Gb and above
x86-64: Fix memset() to support sizes of 4Gb and above
x86-64: Slightly shorten copy_page()
If the required size is bigger than cached_hole_size it is better to
search from free_area_cache - it is easier to get a free region,
specifically for the 64 bit process whose address space is large enough
Do it just as hugetlb_get_unmapped_area_topdown() in arch/x86/mm/hugetlbpage.c
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This branch takes the PowerPC irq_host infrastructure (reverse mapping
from Linux IRQ numbers to hardware irq numbering), generalizes it,
renames it to irq_domain, and makes it available to all architectures.
Originally the plan has been to create an all-new irq_domain
implementation which addresses some of the powerpc shortcomings such
as not handling 1:1 mappings well, but doing that proved to be far
more difficult and invasive than generalizing the working code and
refactoring it in-place. So, this branch rips out the 'new'
irq_domain and replaces it with the modified powerpc version (in a
fully bisectable way of course). It converts all users over to the
new API and makes irq_domain selectable on any architecture.
No architecture is forced to enable irq_domain, but the infrastructure
is required for doing OpenFirmware style irq translations. It will
even work on SPARC even though SPARC has it's own mechanism for
translating irqs at boot time. MIPS, microblaze, embedded x86 and c6x
are converted too.
The resulting irq_domain code is probably still too verbose and can be
optimized more, but that can be done incrementally and is a task for
follow-on patches.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.11 (GNU/Linux)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=ruGA
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'irqdomain-for-linus' of git://git.secretlab.ca/git/linux-2.6
Pull irq_domain support for all architectures from Grant Likely:
"Generialize powerpc's irq_host as irq_domain
This branch takes the PowerPC irq_host infrastructure (reverse mapping
from Linux IRQ numbers to hardware irq numbering), generalizes it,
renames it to irq_domain, and makes it available to all architectures.
Originally the plan has been to create an all-new irq_domain
implementation which addresses some of the powerpc shortcomings such
as not handling 1:1 mappings well, but doing that proved to be far
more difficult and invasive than generalizing the working code and
refactoring it in-place. So, this branch rips out the 'new'
irq_domain and replaces it with the modified powerpc version (in a
fully bisectable way of course). It converts all users over to the
new API and makes irq_domain selectable on any architecture.
No architecture is forced to enable irq_domain, but the infrastructure
is required for doing OpenFirmware style irq translations. It will
even work on SPARC even though SPARC has it's own mechanism for
translating irqs at boot time. MIPS, microblaze, embedded x86 and c6x
are converted too.
The resulting irq_domain code is probably still too verbose and can be
optimized more, but that can be done incrementally and is a task for
follow-on patches."
* tag 'irqdomain-for-linus' of git://git.secretlab.ca/git/linux-2.6: (31 commits)
dt: fix twl4030 for non-dt compile on x86
mfd: twl-core: Add IRQ_DOMAIN dependency
devicetree: Add empty of_platform_populate() for !CONFIG_OF_ADDRESS (sparc)
irq_domain: Centralize definition of irq_dispose_mapping()
irq_domain/mips: Allow irq_domain on MIPS
irq_domain/x86: Convert x86 (embedded) to use common irq_domain
ppc-6xx: fix build failure in flipper-pic.c and hlwd-pic.c
irq_domain/microblaze: Convert microblaze to use irq_domains
irq_domain/powerpc: Replace custom xlate functions with library functions
irq_domain/powerpc: constify irq_domain_ops
irq_domain/c6x: Use library of xlate functions
irq_domain/c6x: constify irq_domain structures
irq_domain/c6x: Convert c6x to use generic irq_domain support.
irq_domain: constify irq_domain_ops
irq_domain: Create common xlate functions that device drivers can use
irq_domain: Remove irq_domain_add_simple()
irq_domain: Remove 'new' irq_domain in favour of the ppc one
mfd: twl-core.c: Fix the number of interrupts managed by twl4030
of/address: add empty static inlines for !CONFIG_OF
irq_domain: Add support for base irq and hwirq in legacy mappings
...
Assorted extensions and fixes including:
* Introduction of early/late suspend/hibernation device callbacks.
* Generic PM domains extensions and fixes.
* devfreq updates from Axel Lin and MyungJoo Ham.
* Device PM QoS updates.
* Fixes of concurrency problems with wakeup sources.
* System suspend and hibernation fixes.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v2.0.18 (GNU/Linux)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=IGhc
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'pm-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull power management updates for 3.4 from Rafael Wysocki:
"Assorted extensions and fixes including:
* Introduction of early/late suspend/hibernation device callbacks.
* Generic PM domains extensions and fixes.
* devfreq updates from Axel Lin and MyungJoo Ham.
* Device PM QoS updates.
* Fixes of concurrency problems with wakeup sources.
* System suspend and hibernation fixes."
* tag 'pm-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (43 commits)
PM / Domains: Check domain status during hibernation restore of devices
PM / devfreq: add relation of recommended frequency.
PM / shmobile: Make MTU2 driver use pm_genpd_dev_always_on()
PM / shmobile: Make CMT driver use pm_genpd_dev_always_on()
PM / shmobile: Make TMU driver use pm_genpd_dev_always_on()
PM / Domains: Introduce "always on" device flag
PM / Domains: Fix hibernation restore of devices, v2
PM / Domains: Fix handling of wakeup devices during system resume
sh_mmcif / PM: Use PM QoS latency constraint
tmio_mmc / PM: Use PM QoS latency constraint
PM / QoS: Make it possible to expose PM QoS latency constraints
PM / Sleep: JBD and JBD2 missing set_freezable()
PM / Domains: Fix include for PM_GENERIC_DOMAINS=n case
PM / Freezer: Remove references to TIF_FREEZE in comments
PM / Sleep: Add more wakeup source initialization routines
PM / Hibernate: Enable usermodehelpers in hibernate() error path
PM / Sleep: Make __pm_stay_awake() delete wakeup source timers
PM / Sleep: Fix race conditions related to wakeup source timer function
PM / Sleep: Fix possible infinite loop during wakeup source destruction
PM / Hibernate: print physical addresses consistently with other parts of kernel
...
Pull kmap_atomic cleanup from Cong Wang.
It's been in -next for a long time, and it gets rid of the (no longer
used) second argument to k[un]map_atomic().
Fix up a few trivial conflicts in various drivers, and do an "evil
merge" to catch some new uses that have come in since Cong's tree.
* 'kmap_atomic' of git://github.com/congwang/linux: (59 commits)
feature-removal-schedule.txt: schedule the deprecated form of kmap_atomic() for removal
highmem: kill all __kmap_atomic() [swarren@nvidia.com: highmem: Fix ARM build break due to __kmap_atomic rename]
drbd: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
zcache: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
gma500: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
dm: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
tomoyo: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
sunrpc: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
rds: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
net: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
mm: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
lib: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
power: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
kdb: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
udf: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
ubifs: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
squashfs: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
reiserfs: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
ocfs2: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
ntfs: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
...
Here's the big driver core merge for 3.4-rc1.
Lots of various things here, sysfs fixes/tweaks (with the nlink breakage
reverted), dynamic debugging updates, w1 drivers, hyperv driver updates,
and a variety of other bits and pieces, full information in the
shortlog.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v2.0.18 (GNU/Linux)
iEYEABECAAYFAk9neCsACgkQMUfUDdst+ylyQwCfY2eizvzw5HhjQs8gOiBRDADe
yrgAnj1Zan2QkoCnQIFJNAoxqNX9yAhd
=biH6
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'driver-core-3.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core patches for 3.4-rc1 from Greg KH:
"Here's the big driver core merge for 3.4-rc1.
Lots of various things here, sysfs fixes/tweaks (with the nlink
breakage reverted), dynamic debugging updates, w1 drivers, hyperv
driver updates, and a variety of other bits and pieces, full
information in the shortlog."
* tag 'driver-core-3.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (78 commits)
Tools: hv: Support enumeration from all the pools
Tools: hv: Fully support the new KVP verbs in the user level daemon
Drivers: hv: Support the newly introduced KVP messages in the driver
Drivers: hv: Add new message types to enhance KVP
regulator: Support driver probe deferral
Revert "sysfs: Kill nlink counting."
uevent: send events in correct order according to seqnum (v3)
driver core: minor comment formatting cleanups
driver core: move the deferred probe pointer into the private area
drivercore: Add driver probe deferral mechanism
DS2781 Maxim Stand-Alone Fuel Gauge battery and w1 slave drivers
w1_bq27000: Only one thread can access the bq27000 at a time.
w1_bq27000 - remove w1_bq27000_write
w1_bq27000: remove unnecessary NULL test.
sysfs: Fix memory leak in sysfs_sd_setsecdata().
intel_idle: Revert change of auto_demotion_disable_flags for Nehalem
w1: Fix w1_bq27000
driver-core: documentation: fix up Greg's email address
powernow-k6: Really enable auto-loading
powernow-k7: Fix CPU family number
...
Pull timer changes for v3.4 from Ingo Molnar
* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (32 commits)
ntp: Fix integer overflow when setting time
math: Introduce div64_long
cs5535-clockevt: Allow the MFGPT IRQ to be shared
cs5535-clockevt: Don't ignore MFGPT on SMP-capable kernels
x86/time: Eliminate unused irq0_irqs counter
clocksource: scx200_hrt: Fix the build
x86/tsc: Reduce the TSC sync check time for core-siblings
timer: Fix bad idle check on irq entry
nohz: Remove ts->Einidle checks before restarting the tick
nohz: Remove update_ts_time_stat from tick_nohz_start_idle
clockevents: Leave the broadcast device in shutdown mode when not needed
clocksource: Load the ACPI PM clocksource asynchronously
clocksource: scx200_hrt: Convert scx200 to use clocksource_register_hz
clocksource: Get rid of clocksource_calc_mult_shift()
clocksource: dbx500: convert to clocksource_register_hz()
clocksource: scx200_hrt: use pr_<level> instead of printk
time: Move common updates to a function
time: Reorder so the hot data is together
time: Remove most of xtime_lock usage in timekeeping.c
ntp: Add ntp_lock to replace xtime_locking
...
Pull scheduler changes for v3.4 from Ingo Molnar
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (27 commits)
printk: Make it compile with !CONFIG_PRINTK
sched/x86: Fix overflow in cyc2ns_offset
sched: Fix nohz load accounting -- again!
sched: Update yield() docs
printk/sched: Introduce special printk_sched() for those awkward moments
sched/nohz: Correctly initialize 'next_balance' in 'nohz' idle balancer
sched: Cleanup cpu_active madness
sched: Fix load-balance wreckage
sched: Clean up parameter passing of proc_sched_autogroup_set_nice()
sched: Ditch per cgroup task lists for load-balancing
sched: Rename load-balancing fields
sched: Move load-balancing arguments into helper struct
sched/rt: Do not submit new work when PI-blocked
sched/rt: Prevent idle task boosting
sched/wait: Add __wake_up_all_locked() API
sched/rt: Document scheduler related skip-resched-check sites
sched/rt: Use schedule_preempt_disabled()
sched/rt: Add schedule_preempt_disabled()
sched/rt: Do not throttle when PI boosting
sched/rt: Keep period timer ticking when rt throttling is active
...
Pull perf events changes for v3.4 from Ingo Molnar:
- New "hardware based branch profiling" feature both on the kernel and
the tooling side, on CPUs that support it. (modern x86 Intel CPUs
with the 'LBR' hardware feature currently.)
This new feature is basically a sophisticated 'magnifying glass' for
branch execution - something that is pretty difficult to extract from
regular, function histogram centric profiles.
The simplest mode is activated via 'perf record -b', and the result
looks like this in perf report:
$ perf record -b any_call,u -e cycles:u branchy
$ perf report -b --sort=symbol
52.34% [.] main [.] f1
24.04% [.] f1 [.] f3
23.60% [.] f1 [.] f2
0.01% [k] _IO_new_file_xsputn [k] _IO_file_overflow
0.01% [k] _IO_vfprintf_internal [k] _IO_new_file_xsputn
0.01% [k] _IO_vfprintf_internal [k] strchrnul
0.01% [k] __printf [k] _IO_vfprintf_internal
0.01% [k] main [k] __printf
This output shows from/to branch columns and shows the highest
percentage (from,to) jump combinations - i.e. the most likely taken
branches in the system. "branches" can also include function calls
and any other synchronous and asynchronous transitions of the
instruction pointer that are not 'next instruction' - such as system
calls, traps, interrupts, etc.
This feature comes with (hopefully intuitive) flat ascii and TUI
support in perf report.
- Various 'perf annotate' visual improvements for us assembly junkies.
It will now recognize function calls in the TUI and by hitting enter
you can follow the call (recursively) and back, amongst other
improvements.
- Multiple threads/processes recording support in perf record, perf
stat, perf top - which is activated via a comma-list of PIDs:
perf top -p 21483,21485
perf stat -p 21483,21485 -ddd
perf record -p 21483,21485
- Support for per UID views, via the --uid paramter to perf top, perf
report, etc. For example 'perf top --uid mingo' will only show the
tasks that I am running, excluding other users, root, etc.
- Jump label restructurings and improvements - this includes the
factoring out of the (hopefully much clearer) include/linux/static_key.h
generic facility:
struct static_key key = STATIC_KEY_INIT_FALSE;
...
if (static_key_false(&key))
do unlikely code
else
do likely code
...
static_key_slow_inc();
...
static_key_slow_inc();
...
The static_key_false() branch will be generated into the code with as
little impact to the likely code path as possible. the
static_key_slow_*() APIs flip the branch via live kernel code patching.
This facility can now be used more widely within the kernel to
micro-optimize hot branches whose likelihood matches the static-key
usage and fast/slow cost patterns.
- SW function tracer improvements: perf support and filtering support.
- Various hardenings of the perf.data ABI, to make older perf.data's
smoother on newer tool versions, to make new features integrate more
smoothly, to support cross-endian recording/analyzing workflows
better, etc.
- Restructuring of the kprobes code, the splitting out of 'optprobes',
and a corner case bugfix.
- Allow the tracing of kernel console output (printk).
- Improvements/fixes to user-space RDPMC support, allowing user-space
self-profiling code to extract PMU counts without performing any
system calls, while playing nice with the kernel side.
- 'perf bench' improvements
- ... and lots of internal restructurings, cleanups and fixes that made
these features possible. And, as usual this list is incomplete as
there were also lots of other improvements
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (120 commits)
perf report: Fix annotate double quit issue in branch view mode
perf report: Remove duplicate annotate choice in branch view mode
perf/x86: Prettify pmu config literals
perf report: Enable TUI in branch view mode
perf report: Auto-detect branch stack sampling mode
perf record: Add HEADER_BRANCH_STACK tag
perf record: Provide default branch stack sampling mode option
perf tools: Make perf able to read files from older ABIs
perf tools: Fix ABI compatibility bug in print_event_desc()
perf tools: Enable reading of perf.data files from different ABI rev
perf: Add ABI reference sizes
perf report: Add support for taken branch sampling
perf record: Add support for sampling taken branch
perf tools: Add code to support PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
x86/kprobes: Split out optprobe related code to kprobes-opt.c
x86/kprobes: Fix a bug which can modify kernel code permanently
x86/kprobes: Fix instruction recovery on optimized path
perf: Add callback to flush branch_stack on context switch
perf: Disable PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_* when not supported
perf/x86: Add LBR software filter support for Intel CPUs
...
Pull irq/core changes for v3.4 from Ingo Molnar
* 'irq-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
genirq: Remove paranoid warnons and bogus fixups
genirq: Flush the irq thread on synchronization
genirq: Get rid of unnecessary IRQTF_DIED flag
genirq: No need to check IRQTF_DIED before stopping a thread handler
genirq: Get rid of unnecessary irqaction field in task_struct
genirq: Fix incorrect check for forced IRQ thread handler
softirq: Reduce invoke_softirq() code duplication
genirq: Fix long-term regression in genirq irq_set_irq_type() handling
x86-32/irq: Don't switch to irq stack for a user-mode irq
Upon resume from hibernation, CPU 0's hvclock area contains the old
values for system_time and tsc_timestamp. It is necessary for the
hypervisor to update these values with uptodate ones before the CPU uses
them.
Abstract TSC's save/restore sched_clock_state functions and use
restore_state to write to KVM_SYSTEM_TIME MSR, forcing an update.
Also move restore_sched_clock_state before __restore_processor_state,
since the later calls CONFIG_LOCK_STAT's lockstat_clock (also for TSC).
Thanks to Igor Mammedov for tracking it down.
Fixes suspend-to-disk with kvmclock.
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Fix the following section warnings :
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x49dbc): Section mismatch in reference
from the function acpi_map_cpu2node() to the variable
.cpuinit.data:__apicid_to_node The function acpi_map_cpu2node()
references the variable __cpuinitdata __apicid_to_node. This is
often because acpi_map_cpu2node lacks a __cpuinitdata
annotation or the annotation of __apicid_to_node is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x49dc1): Section mismatch in reference
from the function acpi_map_cpu2node() to the function
.cpuinit.text:numa_set_node() The function acpi_map_cpu2node()
references the function __cpuinit numa_set_node(). This is often
because acpi_map_cpu2node lacks a __cpuinit annotation or the
annotation of numa_set_node is wrong.
WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x526e77): Section mismatch in
reference from the function prealloc_protection_domains() to the
function .init.text:alloc_passthrough_domain() The function
prealloc_protection_domains() references the function __init
alloc_passthrough_domain(). This is often because
prealloc_protection_domains lacks a __init annotation or the annotation of alloc_passthrough_domain is wrong.
Signed-off-by: Steffen Persvold <sp@numascale.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1331810188-24785-1-git-send-email-sp@numascale.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
