Now the isolate_hugetlb() only returns 0 or -EBUSY, and most users did not
care about the negative value, thus we can convert the isolate_hugetlb()
to return a boolean value to make code more clear when checking the
hugetlb isolation state. Moreover converts 2 users which will consider
the negative value returned by isolate_hugetlb().
No functional changes intended.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: shorten locked section, per SeongJae Park]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/12a287c5bebc13df304387087bbecc6421510849.1676424378.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Change the return value for page isolation functions", v3.
Now the page isolation functions did not return a boolean to indicate
success or not, instead it will return a negative error when failed
to isolate a page. So below code used in most places seem a boolean
success/failure thing, which can confuse people whether the isolation
is successful.
if (folio_isolate_lru(folio))
continue;
Moreover the page isolation functions only return 0 or -EBUSY, and
most users did not care about the negative error except for few users,
thus we can convert all page isolation functions to return a boolean
value, which can remove the confusion to make code more clear.
No functional changes intended in this patch series.
This patch (of 4):
Now the folio_isolate_lru() did not return a boolean value to indicate
isolation success or not, however below code checking the return value can
make people think that it was a boolean success/failure thing, which makes
people easy to make mistakes (see the fix patch[1]).
if (folio_isolate_lru(folio))
continue;
Thus it's better to check the negative error value expilictly returned by
folio_isolate_lru(), which makes code more clear per Linus's
suggestion[2]. Moreover Matthew suggested we can convert the isolation
functions to return a boolean[3], since most users did not care about the
negative error value, and can also remove the confusing of checking return
value.
So this patch converts the folio_isolate_lru() to return a boolean value,
which means return 'true' to indicate the folio isolation is successful,
and 'false' means a failure to isolation. Meanwhile changing all users'
logic of checking the isolation state.
No functional changes intended.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230131063206.28820-1-Kuan-Ying.Lee@mediatek.com/T/#u
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wiBrY+O-4=2mrbVyxR+hOqfdJ=Do6xoucfJ9_5az01L4Q@mail.gmail.com/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/all/Y+sTFqwMNAjDvxw3@casper.infradead.org/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1676424378.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/8a4e3679ed4196168efadf7ea36c038f2f7d5aa9.1676424378.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@nec.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Replace migrate_page_add() with migrate_folio_add(). migrate_folio_add()
does the same a migrate_page_add() but takes in a folio instead of a page.
This removes a couple of calls to compound_head().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130201833.27042-7-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Yin Fengwei <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Replace queue_pages_required() with queue_folio_required().
queue_folio_required() does the same as queue_pages_required(), except
takes in a folio instead of a page.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130201833.27042-6-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Cc: "Yin, Fengwei" <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
This change is in preparation for the conversion of queue_pages_required()
to queue_folio_required() and migrate_page_add() to migrate_folio_add().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130201833.27042-5-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Cc: "Yin, Fengwei" <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
This function now operates on folios associated with ptes instead of
pages.
This change is in preparation for the conversion of queue_pages_required()
to queue_folio_required() and migrate_page_add() to migrate_folio_add().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130201833.27042-4-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Cc: "Yin, Fengwei" <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The function now operates on a folio instead of the page associated with a
pmd.
This change is in preparation for the conversion of queue_pages_required()
to queue_folio_required() and migrate_page_add() to migrate_folio_add().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230130201833.27042-3-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Cc: "Yin, Fengwei" <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Change alloc_huge_page() to alloc_hugetlb_folio() by changing all callers
to handle the now folio return type of the function. In this conversion,
alloc_huge_page_vma() is also changed to alloc_hugetlb_folio_vma() and
hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap() is changed to take in a folio directly. Many
additions of '&folio->page' are cleaned up in subsequent patches.
hugetlbfs_fallocate() is also refactored to use the RCU +
page_cache_next_miss() API.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230125170537.96973-5-sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com
Suggested-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "continue hugetlb folio conversion", v3.
This series continues the conversion of core hugetlb functions to use
folios. This series converts many helper funtions in the hugetlb fault
path. This is in preparation for another series to convert the hugetlb
fault code paths to operate on folios.
This patch (of 8):
Convert isolate_hugetlb() to take in a folio and convert its callers to
pass a folio. Use page_folio() to convert the callers to use a folio is
safe as isolate_hugetlb() operates on a head page.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230113223057.173292-1-sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230113223057.173292-2-sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Use the vma iterator so that the iterator can be invalidated or updated to
avoid each caller doing so.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230120162650.984577-21-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
migrate_pages/mempolicy semantics state that CAP_SYS_NICE is required to
move pages shared with another process to a different node. page_mapcount
> 1 is being used to determine if a hugetlb page is shared. However, a
hugetlb page will have a mapcount of 1 if mapped by multiple processes via
a shared PMD. As a result, hugetlb pages shared by multiple processes and
mapped with a shared PMD can be moved by a process without CAP_SYS_NICE.
To fix, check for a shared PMD if mapcount is 1. If a shared PMD is found
consider the page shared.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230126222721.222195-3-mike.kravetz@oracle.com
Fixes: e2d8cf4055 ("migrate: add hugepage migration code to migrate_pages()")
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@linux.dev>
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Before this patch, when there's any pgtable allocation issues happened
during change_protection(), the error will be ignored from the syscall.
For shmem, there will be an error dumped into the host dmesg. Two issues
with that:
(1) Doing a trace dump when allocation fails is not anything close to
grace.
(2) The user should be notified with any kind of such error, so the user
can trap it and decide what to do next, either by retrying, or stop
the process properly, or anything else.
For userfault users, this will change the API of UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT when
pgtable allocation failure happened. It should not normally break anyone,
though. If it breaks, then in good ways.
One man-page update will be on the way to introduce the new -ENOMEM for
UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT. Not marking stable so we keep the old behavior on
the 5.19-till-now kernels.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style cleanups]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230104225207.1066932-4-peterx@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reported-by: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com>
Acked-by: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Switch to use type "long" for page accountings and retval across the whole
procedure of change_protection().
The change should have shrinked the possible maximum page number to be
half comparing to previous (ULONG_MAX / 2), but it shouldn't overflow on
any system either because the maximum possible pages touched by change
protection should be ULONG_MAX / PAGE_SIZE.
Two reasons to switch from "unsigned long" to "long":
1. It suites better on count_vm_numa_events(), whose 2nd parameter takes
a long type.
2. It paves way for returning negative (error) values in the future.
Currently the only caller that consumes this retval is change_prot_numa(),
where the unsigned long was converted to an int. Since at it, touching up
the numa code to also take a long, so it'll avoid any possible overflow
too during the int-size convertion.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230104225207.1066932-3-peterx@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Being able to provide a custom protection opens the door for
inconsistencies and BUGs: for example, accidentally allowing for more
permissions than desired by other mechanisms (e.g., softdirty tracking).
vma->vm_page_prot should be the single source of truth.
Only PROT_NUMA is special: there is no way we can erroneously allow
for more permissions when removing all permissions. Special-case using
the MM_CP_PROT_NUMA flag.
[david@redhat.com: PAGE_NONE might not be defined without CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/5084ff1c-ebb3-f918-6a60-bacabf550a88@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221223155616.297723-3-david@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
set_mempolicy_home_node tries to duplicate a memory policy before checking
it whether it is applicable for the operation. There is no real reason
for doing that and it might actually be a pointless memory allocation and
deallocation exercise for MPOL_INTERLEAVE.
Not a big problem but we can do better. Simply check the policy before
acting on it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221216194537.238047-2-mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When encountering any vma in the range with policy other than MPOL_BIND or
MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY, an error is returned without issuing a mpol_put on
the policy just allocated with mpol_dup().
This allows arbitrary users to leak kernel memory.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221215194621.202816-1-mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com
Fixes: c6018b4b25 ("mm/mempolicy: add set_mempolicy_home_node syscall")
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [5.17+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Fuzzing produced an invalid argument to vma_merge() which was caught by
the newly added verification of the number of VMAs being removed on
process exit. Analyzing the failure eventually resulted in finding an
issue with the search of a VMA that started at address 0, which caused an
underflow and thus the loss of many VMAs being tracked in the tree. Fix
the underflow by changing the search of the maple tree to use the start
address directly.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221015021135.2816178-1-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com
Fixes: 66850be55e ("mm/mempolicy: use vma iterator & maple state instead of vma linked list")
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/202210052318.5ad10912-oliver.sang@intel.com
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Replace the simple calculation with PAGE_ALIGN.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220913015505.1998958-1-zuoze1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: ze zuo <zuoze1@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reworked the way mbind_range() finds the first VMA to reuse the maple
state and limit the number of tree walks needed.
Note, this drops the VM_BUG_ON(!vma) call, which would catch a start
address higher than the last VMA. The code was written in a way that
allowed no VMA updates to occur and still return success. There should be
no functional change to this scenario with the new code.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220906194824.2110408-57-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@Oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Muchun Song found that after MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY policy was introduced in
commit b27abaccf8 ("mm/mempolicy: add MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY for multiple
preferred nodes"), the policy_nodemask_current()'s semantics for this new
policy has been changed, which returns 'preferred' nodes instead of
'allowed' nodes.
With the changed semantic of policy_nodemask_current, a task with
MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY policy could fail to get its reservation even though
it can fall back to other nodes (either defined by cpusets or all online
nodes) for that reservation failing mmap calles unnecessarily early.
The fix is to not consider MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY for reservations at all
because they, unlike MPOL_MBIND, do not pose any actual hard constrain.
Michal suggested the policy_nodemask_current() is only used by hugetlb,
and could be moved to hugetlb code with more explicit name to enforce the
'allowed' semantics for which only MPOL_BIND policy matters.
apply_policy_zone() is made extern to be called in hugetlb code and its
return value is changed to bool.
[1]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220801084207.39086-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com/t/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220805005903.95563-1-feng.tang@intel.com
Fixes: b27abaccf8 ("mm/mempolicy: add MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY for multiple preferred nodes")
Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Reported-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Ben Widawsky <bwidawsk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The mems_allowed field can be modified by other tasks, so it isn't safe to
access it with alloc_lock unlocked even in the current process context.
Say there are two tasks: A from cpusetA is performing set_mempolicy(2),
and B is changing cpusetA's cpuset.mems:
A (set_mempolicy) B (echo xx > cpuset.mems)
-------------------------------------------------------
pol = mpol_new();
update_tasks_nodemask(cpusetA) {
foreach t in cpusetA {
cpuset_change_task_nodemask(t) {
mpol_set_nodemask(pol) {
task_lock(t); // t could be A
new = f(A->mems_allowed);
update t->mems_allowed;
pol.create(pol, new);
task_unlock(t);
}
}
}
}
task_lock(A);
A->mempolicy = pol;
task_unlock(A);
In this case A's pol->nodes is computed by old mems_allowed, and could
be inconsistent with A's new mems_allowed.
While it is different when replacing vmas' policy: the pol->nodes is
gone wild only when current_cpuset_is_being_rebound():
A (mbind) B (echo xx > cpuset.mems)
-------------------------------------------------------
pol = mpol_new();
mmap_write_lock(A->mm);
cpuset_being_rebound = cpusetA;
update_tasks_nodemask(cpusetA) {
foreach t in cpusetA {
cpuset_change_task_nodemask(t) {
mpol_set_nodemask(pol) {
task_lock(t); // t could be A
mask = f(A->mems_allowed);
update t->mems_allowed;
pol.create(pol, mask);
task_unlock(t);
}
}
foreach v in A->mm {
if (cpuset_being_rebound == cpusetA)
pol.rebind(pol, cpuset.mems);
v->vma_policy = pol;
}
mmap_write_unlock(A->mm);
mmap_write_lock(t->mm);
mpol_rebind_mm(t->mm);
mmap_write_unlock(t->mm);
}
}
cpuset_being_rebound = NULL;
In this case, the cpuset.mems, which has already done updating, is finally
used for calculating pol->nodes, rather than A->mems_allowed. So it is OK
to call mpol_set_nodemask() with alloc_lock unlocked when doing mbind(2).
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220811124157.74888-1-wuyun.abel@bytedance.com
Fixes: 78b132e9ba ("mm/mempolicy: remove or narrow the lock on current")
Signed-off-by: Abel Wu <wuyun.abel@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
We can use unlock label to unlock ptl and return ret directly to remove
the unneeded out label and reduce the size of mempolicy.o. No functional
change intended.
[Before]
text data bss dec hex filename
26702 3972 6168 36842 8fea mm/mempolicy.o
[After]
text data bss dec hex filename
26662 3972 6168 36802 8fc2 mm/mempolicy.o
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220719115233.6706-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
With DEVICE_COHERENT, we'll soon have vm_normal_pages() return
device-managed anonymous pages that are not LRU pages. Although they
behave like normal pages for purposes of mapping in CPU page, and for COW.
They do not support LRU lists, NUMA migration or THP.
Callers to follow_page() currently don't expect ZONE_DEVICE pages,
however, with DEVICE_COHERENT we might now return ZONE_DEVICE. Check for
ZONE_DEVICE pages in applicable users of follow_page() as well.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220715150521.18165-5-alex.sierra@amd.com
Signed-off-by: Alex Sierra <alex.sierra@amd.com>
Acked-by: Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@amd.com> [v2]
Reviewed-by: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> [v6]
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When user specified more nodes than supported, get_nodes will access nmask
array out of bounds.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220601093211.2970565-1-tianyu.li@arm.com
Fixes: e130242dc3 ("mm: simplify compat numa syscalls")
Signed-off-by: Tianyu Li <tianyu.li@arm.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
We might fail to isolate huge page due to e.g. the page is under
migration which cleared HPageMigratable. We should return errno in this
case rather than always return 1 which could confuse the user, i.e. the
caller might think all of the memory is migrated while the hugetlb page is
left behind. We make the prototype of isolate_huge_page consistent with
isolate_lru_page as suggested by Huang Ying and rename isolate_huge_page
to isolate_hugetlb as suggested by Muchun to improve the readability.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220530113016.16663-4-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Fixes: e8db67eb0d ("mm: migrate: move_pages() supports thp migration")
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> (build error)
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
All callers have now been converted to use vma_alloc_folio(), so convert
the body of alloc_pages_vma() to allocate folios instead.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220504182857.4013401-5-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm/mprotect: avoid unnecessary TLB flushes", v6.
This patchset is intended to remove unnecessary TLB flushes during
mprotect() syscalls. Once this patch-set make it through, similar and
further optimizations for MADV_COLD and userfaultfd would be possible.
Basically, there are 3 optimizations in this patch-set:
1. Use TLB batching infrastructure to batch flushes across VMAs and do
better/fewer flushes. This would also be handy for later userfaultfd
enhancements.
2. Avoid unnecessary TLB flushes. This optimization is the one that
provides most of the performance benefits. Unlike previous versions,
we now only avoid flushes that would not result in spurious
page-faults.
3. Avoiding TLB flushes on change_huge_pmd() that are only needed to
prevent the A/D bits from changing.
Andrew asked for some benchmark numbers. I do not have an easy
determinate macrobenchmark in which it is easy to show benefit. I
therefore ran a microbenchmark: a loop that does the following on
anonymous memory, just as a sanity check to see that time is saved by
avoiding TLB flushes. The loop goes:
mprotect(p, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ)
mprotect(p, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)
*p = 0; // make the page writable
The test was run in KVM guest with 1 or 2 threads (the second thread was
busy-looping). I measured the time (cycles) of each operation:
1 thread 2 threads
mmots +patch mmots +patch
PROT_READ 3494 2725 (-22%) 8630 7788 (-10%)
PROT_READ|WRITE 3952 2724 (-31%) 9075 2865 (-68%)
[ mmots = v5.17-rc6-mmots-2022-03-06-20-38 ]
The exact numbers are really meaningless, but the benefit is clear. There
are 2 interesting results though.
(1) PROT_READ is cheaper, while one can expect it not to be affected.
This is presumably due to TLB miss that is saved
(2) Without memory access (*p = 0), the speedup of the patch is even
greater. In that scenario mprotect(PROT_READ) also avoids the TLB flush.
As a result both operations on the patched kernel take roughly ~1500
cycles (with either 1 or 2 threads), whereas on mmotm their cost is as
high as presented in the table.
This patch (of 3):
change_pXX_range() currently does not use mmu_gather, but instead
implements its own deferred TLB flushes scheme. This both complicates the
code, as developers need to be aware of different invalidation schemes,
and prevents opportunities to avoid TLB flushes or perform them in finer
granularity.
The use of mmu_gather for modified PTEs has benefits in various scenarios
even if pages are not released. For instance, if only a single page needs
to be flushed out of a range of many pages, only that page would be
flushed. If a THP page is flushed, on x86 a single TLB invlpg instruction
can be used instead of 512 instructions (or a full TLB flush, which would
Linux would actually use by default). mprotect() over multiple VMAs
requires a single flush.
Use mmu_gather in change_pXX_range(). As the pages are not released, only
record the flushed range using tlb_flush_pXX_range().
Handle THP similarly and get rid of flush_cache_range() which becomes
redundant since tlb_start_vma() calls it when needed.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220401180821.1986781-1-namit@vmware.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220401180821.1986781-2-namit@vmware.com
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit e5947d23ed ("mm: mempolicy: don't have to split pmd for
huge zero page"), THP is never splited in queue_pages_pmd. Thus 2 is
never returned now. We can remove such unnecessary ret != 2 check and
clean up the relevant comment. Minor improvements in readability.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220419122234.45083-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Merge fixes from Andrew Morton:
"9 patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: mm (migration, highmem,
sparsemem, mremap, mempolicy, and memcg), lz4, mailmap, and
MAINTAINERS"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>:
MAINTAINERS: add Tom as clang reviewer
mm/list_lru.c: revert "mm/list_lru: optimize memcg_reparent_list_lru_node()"
mailmap: update Vasily Averin's email address
mm/mempolicy: fix mpol_new leak in shared_policy_replace
mmmremap.c: avoid pointless invalidate_range_start/end on mremap(old_size=0)
mm/sparsemem: fix 'mem_section' will never be NULL gcc 12 warning
lz4: fix LZ4_decompress_safe_partial read out of bound
highmem: fix checks in __kmap_local_sched_{in,out}
mm: migrate: use thp_order instead of HPAGE_PMD_ORDER for new page allocation.
If mpol_new is allocated but not used in restart loop, mpol_new will be
freed via mpol_put before returning to the caller. But refcnt is not
initialized yet, so mpol_put could not do the right things and might
leak the unused mpol_new. This would happen if mempolicy was updated on
the shared shmem file while the sp->lock has been dropped during the
memory allocation.
This issue could be triggered easily with the below code snippet if
there are many processes doing the below work at the same time:
shmid = shmget((key_t)5566, 1024 * PAGE_SIZE, 0666|IPC_CREAT);
shm = shmat(shmid, 0, 0);
loop many times {
mbind(shm, 1024 * PAGE_SIZE, MPOL_LOCAL, mask, maxnode, 0);
mbind(shm + 128 * PAGE_SIZE, 128 * PAGE_SIZE, MPOL_DEFAULT, mask,
maxnode, 0);
}
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220329111416.27954-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Fixes: 42288fe366 ("mm: mempolicy: Convert shared_policy mutex to spinlock")
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.8]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix a VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_nr_pages(old) != nr_pages) crash.
With folios support, it is possible to have other than HPAGE_PMD_ORDER
THPs, in the form of folios, in the system. Use thp_order() to correctly
determine the source page order during migration.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220404165325.1883267-1-zi.yan@sent.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220404132908.GA785673@u2004/
Fixes: d68eccad37 ("mm/filemap: Allow large folios to be added to the page cache")
Reported-by: Naoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Simplify new_page() by unifying the THP and base page cases, and
handle orders other than 0 and HPAGE_PMD_ORDER correctly.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
This wrapper around alloc_pages_vma() calls prep_transhuge_page(),
removing the obligation from the caller. This is in the same spirit
as __folio_alloc().
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
v2.6.34 commit 9d8cebd4bc ("mm: fix mbind vma merge problem") introduced
vma_merge() to mbind_range(); but unlike madvise, mlock and mprotect, it
put a "continue" to next vma where its precedents go to update flags on
current vma before advancing: that left vma with the wrong setting in the
infamous vma_merge() case 8.
v3.10 commit 1444f92c84 ("mm: merging memory blocks resets mempolicy")
tried to fix that in vma_adjust(), without fully understanding the issue.
v3.11 commit 3964acd0db ("mm: mempolicy: fix mbind_range() &&
vma_adjust() interaction") reverted that, and went about the fix in the
right way, but chose to optimize out an unnecessary mpol_dup() with a
prior mpol_equal() test. But on tmpfs, that also pessimized out the vital
call to its ->set_policy(), leaving the new mbind unenforced.
The user visible effect was that the pages got allocated on the local
node (happened to be 0), after the mbind() caller had specifically
asked for them to be allocated on node 1. There was not any page
migration involved in the case reported: the pages simply got allocated
on the wrong node.
Just delete that optimization now (though it could be made conditional on
vma not having a set_policy). Also remove the "next" variable: it turned
out to be blameless, but also pointless.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/319e4db9-64ae-4bca-92f0-ade85d342ff@google.com
Fixes: 3964acd0db ("mm: mempolicy: fix mbind_range() && vma_adjust() interaction")
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The purpose of calling get_user_pages_locked() from lookup_node() was to
allow for unlocking the mmap_lock when reading a page from the disk
during a page fault (hidden behind VM_FAULT_RETRY). The idea was to
reduce contention on the heavily-used mmap_lock. (Thanks to Jan Kara
for clearly pointing that out, and in fact I've used some of his wording
here.)
However, it is unlikely for lookup_node() to take a page fault. With
that in mind, change over to calling get_user_pages_fast(). This
simplifies the code, runs a little faster in the expected case, and
allows removing get_user_pages_locked() entirely, in a subsequent patch.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220204020010.68930-5-jhubbard@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix kernel-doc warnings in mempolicy.c:
mempolicy.c:139: warning: No description found for return value of 'numa_map_to_online_node'
mempolicy.c:2165: warning: Excess function parameter 'node' description in 'alloc_pages_vma'
mempolicy.c:2973: warning: No description found for return value of 'mpol_parse_str'
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211213233216.5477-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This syscall can be used to set a home node for the MPOL_BIND and
MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY memory policy. Users should use this syscall after
setting up a memory policy for the specified range as shown below.
mbind(p, nr_pages * page_size, MPOL_BIND, new_nodes->maskp,
new_nodes->size + 1, 0);
sys_set_mempolicy_home_node((unsigned long)p, nr_pages * page_size,
home_node, 0);
The syscall allows specifying a home node/preferred node from which
kernel will fulfill memory allocation requests first.
For address range with MPOL_BIND memory policy, if nodemask specifies
more than one node, page allocations will come from the node in the
nodemask with sufficient free memory that is closest to the home
node/preferred node.
For MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY if the nodemask specifies more than one node,
page allocation will come from the node in the nodemask with sufficient
free memory that is closest to the home node/preferred node. If there
is not enough memory in all the nodes specified in the nodemask, the
allocation will be attempted from the closest numa node to the home node
in the system.
This helps applications to hint at a memory allocation preference node
and fallback to _only_ a set of nodes if the memory is not available on
the preferred node. Fallback allocation is attempted from the node
which is nearest to the preferred node.
This helps applications to have control on memory allocation numa nodes
and avoids default fallback to slow memory NUMA nodes. For example a
system with NUMA nodes 1,2 and 3 with DRAM memory and 10, 11 and 12 of
slow memory
new_nodes = numa_bitmask_alloc(nr_nodes);
numa_bitmask_setbit(new_nodes, 1);
numa_bitmask_setbit(new_nodes, 2);
numa_bitmask_setbit(new_nodes, 3);
p = mmap(NULL, nr_pages * page_size, protflag, mapflag, -1, 0);
mbind(p, nr_pages * page_size, MPOL_BIND, new_nodes->maskp, new_nodes->size + 1, 0);
sys_set_mempolicy_home_node(p, nr_pages * page_size, 2, 0);
This will allocate from nodes closer to node 2 and will make sure the
kernel will only allocate from nodes 1, 2, and 3. Memory will not be
allocated from slow memory nodes 10, 11, and 12. This differs from
default MPOL_BIND behavior in that with default MPOL_BIND the allocation
will be attempted from node closer to the local node. One of the
reasons to specify a home node is to allow allocations from cpu less
NUMA node and its nearby NUMA nodes.
With MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY on the other hand will first try to allocate
from the closest node to node 2 from the node list 1, 2 and 3. If those
nodes don't have enough memory, kernel will allocate from slow memory
node 10, 11 and 12 which ever is closer to node 2.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211202123810.267175-3-aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: <linux-api@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm: add new syscall set_mempolicy_home_node", v6.
This patch (of 3):
A followup patch will enable setting a home node with
MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY memory policy. To facilitate that switch to using
policy_node helper. There is no functional change in this patch.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211202123810.267175-1-aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211202123810.267175-2-aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: <linux-api@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
alloc_pages_vma is meant to allocate a page with a vma specific memory
policy. The initial node parameter is always a local node so it is
pointless to waste a function argument for this. Drop the parameter.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YaSnlv4QpryEpesG@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In many userspace applications, and especially in VM based applications
like Android uses heavily, there are multiple different allocators in
use. At a minimum there is libc malloc and the stack, and in many cases
there are libc malloc, the stack, direct syscalls to mmap anonymous
memory, and multiple VM heaps (one for small objects, one for big
objects, etc.). Each of these layers usually has its own tools to
inspect its usage; malloc by compiling a debug version, the VM through
heap inspection tools, and for direct syscalls there is usually no way
to track them.
On Android we heavily use a set of tools that use an extended version of
the logic covered in Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt to walk all pages
mapped in userspace and slice their usage by process, shared (COW) vs.
unique mappings, backing, etc. This can account for real physical
memory usage even in cases like fork without exec (which Android uses
heavily to share as many private COW pages as possible between
processes), Kernel SamePage Merging, and clean zero pages. It produces
a measurement of the pages that only exist in that process (USS, for
unique), and a measurement of the physical memory usage of that process
with the cost of shared pages being evenly split between processes that
share them (PSS).
If all anonymous memory is indistinguishable then figuring out the real
physical memory usage (PSS) of each heap requires either a pagemap
walking tool that can understand the heap debugging of every layer, or
for every layer's heap debugging tools to implement the pagemap walking
logic, in which case it is hard to get a consistent view of memory
across the whole system.
Tracking the information in userspace leads to all sorts of problems.
It either needs to be stored inside the process, which means every
process has to have an API to export its current heap information upon
request, or it has to be stored externally in a filesystem that somebody
needs to clean up on crashes. It needs to be readable while the process
is still running, so it has to have some sort of synchronization with
every layer of userspace. Efficiently tracking the ranges requires
reimplementing something like the kernel vma trees, and linking to it
from every layer of userspace. It requires more memory, more syscalls,
more runtime cost, and more complexity to separately track regions that
the kernel is already tracking.
This patch adds a field to /proc/pid/maps and /proc/pid/smaps to show a
userspace-provided name for anonymous vmas. The names of named
anonymous vmas are shown in /proc/pid/maps and /proc/pid/smaps as
[anon:<name>].
Userspace can set the name for a region of memory by calling
prctl(PR_SET_VMA, PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME, start, len, (unsigned long)name)
Setting the name to NULL clears it. The name length limit is 80 bytes
including NUL-terminator and is checked to contain only printable ascii
characters (including space), except '[',']','\','$' and '`'.
Ascii strings are being used to have a descriptive identifiers for vmas,
which can be understood by the users reading /proc/pid/maps or
/proc/pid/smaps. Names can be standardized for a given system and they
can include some variable parts such as the name of the allocator or a
library, tid of the thread using it, etc.
The name is stored in a pointer in the shared union in vm_area_struct
that points to a null terminated string. Anonymous vmas with the same
name (equivalent strings) and are otherwise mergeable will be merged.
The name pointers are not shared between vmas even if they contain the
same name. The name pointer is stored in a union with fields that are
only used on file-backed mappings, so it does not increase memory usage.
CONFIG_ANON_VMA_NAME kernel configuration is introduced to enable this
feature. It keeps the feature disabled by default to prevent any
additional memory overhead and to avoid confusing procfs parsers on
systems which are not ready to support named anonymous vmas.
The patch is based on the original patch developed by Colin Cross, more
specifically on its latest version [1] posted upstream by Sumit Semwal.
It used a userspace pointer to store vma names. In that design, name
pointers could be shared between vmas. However during the last
upstreaming attempt, Kees Cook raised concerns [2] about this approach
and suggested to copy the name into kernel memory space, perform
validity checks [3] and store as a string referenced from
vm_area_struct.
One big concern is about fork() performance which would need to strdup
anonymous vma names. Dave Hansen suggested experimenting with
worst-case scenario of forking a process with 64k vmas having longest
possible names [4]. I ran this experiment on an ARM64 Android device
and recorded a worst-case regression of almost 40% when forking such a
process.
This regression is addressed in the followup patch which replaces the
pointer to a name with a refcounted structure that allows sharing the
name pointer between vmas of the same name. Instead of duplicating the
string during fork() or when splitting a vma it increments the refcount.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200901161459.11772-4-sumit.semwal@linaro.org/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/202009031031.D32EF57ED@keescook/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/202009031022.3834F692@keescook/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/5d0358ab-8c47-2f5f-8e43-23b89d6a8e95@intel.com/
Changes for prctl(2) manual page (in the options section):
PR_SET_VMA
Sets an attribute specified in arg2 for virtual memory areas
starting from the address specified in arg3 and spanning the
size specified in arg4. arg5 specifies the value of the attribute
to be set. Note that assigning an attribute to a virtual memory
area might prevent it from being merged with adjacent virtual
memory areas due to the difference in that attribute's value.
Currently, arg2 must be one of:
PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME
Set a name for anonymous virtual memory areas. arg5 should
be a pointer to a null-terminated string containing the
name. The name length including null byte cannot exceed
80 bytes. If arg5 is NULL, the name of the appropriate
anonymous virtual memory areas will be reset. The name
can contain only printable ascii characters (including
space), except '[',']','\','$' and '`'.
This feature is available only if the kernel is built with
the CONFIG_ANON_VMA_NAME option enabled.
[surenb@google.com: docs: proc.rst: /proc/PID/maps: fix malformed table]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211123185928.2513763-1-surenb@google.com
[surenb: rebased over v5.15-rc6, replaced userpointer with a kernel copy,
added input sanitization and CONFIG_ANON_VMA_NAME config. The bulk of the
work here was done by Colin Cross, therefore, with his permission, keeping
him as the author]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211019215511.3771969-2-surenb@google.com
Signed-off-by: Colin Cross <ccross@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jan Glauber <jan.glauber@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
"257 patches.
Subsystems affected by this patch series: scripts, ocfs2, vfs, and
mm (slab-generic, slab, slub, kconfig, dax, kasan, debug, pagecache,
gup, swap, memcg, pagemap, mprotect, mremap, iomap, tracing, vmalloc,
pagealloc, memory-failure, hugetlb, userfaultfd, vmscan, tools,
memblock, oom-kill, hugetlbfs, migration, thp, readahead, nommu, ksm,
vmstat, madvise, memory-hotplug, rmap, zsmalloc, highmem, zram,
cleanups, kfence, and damon)"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (257 commits)
mm/damon: remove return value from before_terminate callback
mm/damon: fix a few spelling mistakes in comments and a pr_debug message
mm/damon: simplify stop mechanism
Docs/admin-guide/mm/pagemap: wordsmith page flags descriptions
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: simplify the content
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: fix a wrong link
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: fix wrong example commands
mm/damon/dbgfs: add adaptive_targets list check before enable monitor_on
mm/damon: remove unnecessary variable initialization
Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon: add a document for DAMON_RECLAIM
mm/damon: introduce DAMON-based Reclamation (DAMON_RECLAIM)
selftests/damon: support watermarks
mm/damon/dbgfs: support watermarks
mm/damon/schemes: activate schemes based on a watermarks mechanism
tools/selftests/damon: update for regions prioritization of schemes
mm/damon/dbgfs: support prioritization weights
mm/damon/vaddr,paddr: support pageout prioritization
mm/damon/schemes: prioritize regions within the quotas
mm/damon/selftests: support schemes quotas
mm/damon/dbgfs: support quotas of schemes
...
The memory demotion needs to call migrate_pages() to do the jobs. And
it is controlled by a knob, however, the knob doesn't depend on
CONFIG_MIGRATION. The knob could be truned on even though MIGRATION is
disabled, this will not cause any crash since migrate_pages() would just
return -ENOSYS. But it is definitely not optimal to go through demotion
path then retry regular swap every time.
And it doesn't make too much sense to have the knob visible to the users
when !MIGRATION. Move the related code from mempolicy.[h|c] to
migrate.[h|c].
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211015005559.246709-1-shy828301@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Acked-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit ffb29b1c25 ("mm/vmalloc: fix numa spreading for large hash
tables") can cause significant performance regressions in some
situations as Andrew mentioned in [1]. The main situation is vmalloc,
vmalloc will allocate pages with NUMA_NO_NODE by default, that will
result in alloc page one by one;
In order to solve this, __alloc_pages_bulk and mempolicy should be
considered at the same time.
1) If node is specified in memory allocation request, it will alloc all
pages by __alloc_pages_bulk.
2) If interleaving allocate memory, it will cauculate how many pages
should be allocated in each node, and use __alloc_pages_bulk to alloc
pages in each node.
[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CALvZod4G3SzP3kWxQYn0fj+VgG-G3yWXz=gz17+3N57ru1iajw@mail.gmail.com/t/#m750c8e3231206134293b089feaa090590afa0f60
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make two functions static]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_NUMA=n build]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211021080744.874701-3-chenwandun@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Chen Wandun <chenwandun@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add memory folios, a new type to represent either order-0 pages or
the head page of a compound page. This should be enough infrastructure
to support filesystems converting from pages to folios.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iQEzBAABCgAdFiEEejHryeLBw/spnjHrDpNsjXcpgj4FAmF9uI0ACgkQDpNsjXcp
gj7MUAf/R7LCZ+xFiIedw7SAgb/DGK0C9uVjuBEIZgAw21ZUw/GuPI6cuKBMFGGf
rRcdtlvMpwi7yZJcoNXxaqU/xPaaJMjf2XxscIvYJP1mjlZVuwmP9dOx0neNvWOc
T+8lqR6c1TLl82lpqIjGFLwvj2eVowq2d3J5jsaIJFd4odmmYVInrhJXOzC/LQ54
Niloj5ksehf+KUIRLDz7ycppvIHhlVsoAl0eM2dWBAtL0mvT7Nyn/3y+vnMfV2v3
Flb4opwJUgTJleYc16oxTn9svT2yS8q2uuUemRDLW8ABghoAtH3fUUk43RN+5Krd
LYCtbeawtkikPVXZMfWybsx5vn0c3Q==
=7SBe
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'folio-5.16' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/pagecache
Pull memory folios from Matthew Wilcox:
"Add memory folios, a new type to represent either order-0 pages or the
head page of a compound page. This should be enough infrastructure to
support filesystems converting from pages to folios.
The point of all this churn is to allow filesystems and the page cache
to manage memory in larger chunks than PAGE_SIZE. The original plan
was to use compound pages like THP does, but I ran into problems with
some functions expecting only a head page while others expect the
precise page containing a particular byte.
The folio type allows a function to declare that it's expecting only a
head page. Almost incidentally, this allows us to remove various calls
to VM_BUG_ON(PageTail(page)) and compound_head().
This converts just parts of the core MM and the page cache. For 5.17,
we intend to convert various filesystems (XFS and AFS are ready; other
filesystems may make it) and also convert more of the MM and page
cache to folios. For 5.18, multi-page folios should be ready.
The multi-page folios offer some improvement to some workloads. The
80% win is real, but appears to be an artificial benchmark (postgres
startup, which isn't a serious workload). Real workloads (eg building
the kernel, running postgres in a steady state, etc) seem to benefit
between 0-10%. I haven't heard of any performance losses as a result
of this series. Nobody has done any serious performance tuning; I
imagine that tweaking the readahead algorithm could provide some more
interesting wins. There are also other places where we could choose to
create large folios and currently do not, such as writes that are
larger than PAGE_SIZE.
I'd like to thank all my reviewers who've offered review/ack tags:
Christoph Hellwig, David Howells, Jan Kara, Jeff Layton, Johannes
Weiner, Kirill A. Shutemov, Michal Hocko, Mike Rapoport, Vlastimil
Babka, William Kucharski, Yu Zhao and Zi Yan.
I'd also like to thank those who gave feedback I incorporated but
haven't offered up review tags for this part of the series: Nick
Piggin, Mel Gorman, Ming Lei, Darrick Wong, Ted Ts'o, John Hubbard,
Hugh Dickins, and probably a few others who I forget"
* tag 'folio-5.16' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/pagecache: (90 commits)
mm/writeback: Add folio_write_one
mm/filemap: Add FGP_STABLE
mm/filemap: Add filemap_get_folio
mm/filemap: Convert mapping_get_entry to return a folio
mm/filemap: Add filemap_add_folio()
mm/filemap: Add filemap_alloc_folio
mm/page_alloc: Add folio allocation functions
mm/lru: Add folio_add_lru()
mm/lru: Convert __pagevec_lru_add_fn to take a folio
mm: Add folio_evictable()
mm/workingset: Convert workingset_refault() to take a folio
mm/filemap: Add readahead_folio()
mm/filemap: Add folio_mkwrite_check_truncate()
mm/filemap: Add i_blocks_per_folio()
mm/writeback: Add folio_redirty_for_writepage()
mm/writeback: Add folio_account_redirty()
mm/writeback: Add folio_clear_dirty_for_io()
mm/writeback: Add folio_cancel_dirty()
mm/writeback: Add folio_account_cleaned()
mm/writeback: Add filemap_dirty_folio()
...
