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323 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Roman Gushchin
|
15999eef7f |
mm: memcg/slab: remove redundant check in memcg_accumulate_slabinfo()
memcg_accumulate_slabinfo() is never called with a non-root kmem_cache as a first argument, so the is_root_cache(s) check is redundant and can be removed without any functional change. Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-17-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Roman Gushchin
|
c7094406fc |
mm: memcg/slab: deprecate slab_root_caches
Currently there are two lists of kmem_caches: 1) slab_caches, which contains all kmem_caches, 2) slab_root_caches, which contains only root kmem_caches. And there is some preprocessor magic to have a single list if CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM isn't enabled. It was required earlier because the number of non-root kmem_caches was proportional to the number of memory cgroups and could reach really big values. Now, when it cannot exceed the number of root kmem_caches, there is really no reason to maintain two lists. We never iterate over the slab_root_caches list on any hot paths, so it's perfectly fine to iterate over slab_caches and filter out non-root kmem_caches. It allows to remove a lot of config-dependent code and two pointers from the kmem_cache structure. Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-16-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Roman Gushchin
|
272911a4ad |
mm: memcg/slab: remove memcg_kmem_get_cache()
The memcg_kmem_get_cache() function became really trivial, so let's just inline it into the single call point: memcg_slab_pre_alloc_hook(). It will make the code less bulky and can also help the compiler to generate a better code. Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-15-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Roman Gushchin
|
d797b7d054 |
mm: memcg/slab: simplify memcg cache creation
Because the number of non-root kmem_caches doesn't depend on the number of memory cgroups anymore and is generally not very big, there is no more need for a dedicated workqueue. Also, as there is no more need to pass any arguments to the memcg_create_kmem_cache() except the root kmem_cache, it's possible to just embed the work structure into the kmem_cache and avoid the dynamic allocation of the work structure. This will also simplify the synchronization: for each root kmem_cache there is only one work. So there will be no more concurrent attempts to create a non-root kmem_cache for a root kmem_cache: the second and all following attempts to queue the work will fail. On the kmem_cache destruction path there is no more need to call the expensive flush_workqueue() and wait for all pending works to be finished. Instead, cancel_work_sync() can be used to cancel/wait for only one work. Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-14-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Roman Gushchin
|
9855609bde |
mm: memcg/slab: use a single set of kmem_caches for all accounted allocations
This is fairly big but mostly red patch, which makes all accounted slab allocations use a single set of kmem_caches instead of creating a separate set for each memory cgroup. Because the number of non-root kmem_caches is now capped by the number of root kmem_caches, there is no need to shrink or destroy them prematurely. They can be perfectly destroyed together with their root counterparts. This allows to dramatically simplify the management of non-root kmem_caches and delete a ton of code. This patch performs the following changes: 1) introduces memcg_params.memcg_cache pointer to represent the kmem_cache which will be used for all non-root allocations 2) reuses the existing memcg kmem_cache creation mechanism to create memcg kmem_cache on the first allocation attempt 3) memcg kmem_caches are named <kmemcache_name>-memcg, e.g. dentry-memcg 4) simplifies memcg_kmem_get_cache() to just return memcg kmem_cache or schedule it's creation and return the root cache 5) removes almost all non-root kmem_cache management code (separate refcounter, reparenting, shrinking, etc) 6) makes slab debugfs to display root_mem_cgroup css id and never show :dead and :deact flags in the memcg_slabinfo attribute. Following patches in the series will simplify the kmem_cache creation. Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-13-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Roman Gushchin
|
4330a26bc4 |
mm: memcg/slab: deprecate memory.kmem.slabinfo
Deprecate memory.kmem.slabinfo. An empty file will be presented if corresponding config options are enabled. The interface is implementation dependent, isn't present in cgroup v2, and is generally useful only for core mm debugging purposes. In other words, it doesn't provide any value for the absolute majority of users. A drgn-based replacement can be found in tools/cgroup/memcg_slabinfo.py. It does support cgroup v1 and v2, mimics memory.kmem.slabinfo output and also allows to get any additional information without a need to recompile the kernel. If a drgn-based solution is too slow for a task, a bpf-based tracing tool can be used, which can easily keep track of all slab allocations belonging to a memory cgroup. Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-11-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Roman Gushchin
|
d42f3245c7 |
mm: memcg: convert vmstat slab counters to bytes
In order to prepare for per-object slab memory accounting, convert NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE vmstat items to bytes. To make it obvious, rename them to NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B (similar to NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB). Internally global and per-node counters are stored in pages, however memcg and lruvec counters are stored in bytes. This scheme may look weird, but only for now. As soon as slab pages will be shared between multiple cgroups, global and node counters will reflect the total number of slab pages. However memcg and lruvec counters will be used for per-memcg slab memory tracking, which will take separate kernel objects in the account. Keeping global and node counters in pages helps to avoid additional overhead. The size of slab memory shouldn't exceed 4Gb on 32-bit machines, so it will fit into atomic_long_t we use for vmstats. Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-4-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Long Li
|
444050990d |
mm, slab: check GFP_SLAB_BUG_MASK before alloc_pages in kmalloc_order
kmalloc cannot allocate memory from HIGHMEM. Allocating large amounts of memory currently bypasses the check and will simply leak the memory when page_address() returns NULL. To fix this, factor the GFP_SLAB_BUG_MASK check out of slab & slub, and call it from kmalloc_order() as well. In order to make the code clear, the warning message is put in one place. Signed-off-by: Long Li <lonuxli.64@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200704035027.GA62481@lilong Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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William Kucharski
|
fa9ba3aa89 |
mm: ksize() should silently accept a NULL pointer
Other mm routines such as kfree() and kzfree() silently do the right thing if passed a NULL pointer, so ksize() should do the same. Signed-off-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200616225409.4670-1-william.kucharski@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Waiman Long
|
453431a549 |
mm, treewide: rename kzfree() to kfree_sensitive()
As said by Linus: A symmetric naming is only helpful if it implies symmetries in use. Otherwise it's actively misleading. In "kzalloc()", the z is meaningful and an important part of what the caller wants. In "kzfree()", the z is actively detrimental, because maybe in the future we really _might_ want to use that "memfill(0xdeadbeef)" or something. The "zero" part of the interface isn't even _relevant_. The main reason that kzfree() exists is to clear sensitive information that should not be leaked to other future users of the same memory objects. Rename kzfree() to kfree_sensitive() to follow the example of the recently added kvfree_sensitive() and make the intention of the API more explicit. In addition, memzero_explicit() is used to clear the memory to make sure that it won't get optimized away by the compiler. The renaming is done by using the command sequence: git grep -w --name-only kzfree |\ xargs sed -i 's/kzfree/kfree_sensitive/' followed by some editing of the kfree_sensitive() kerneldoc and adding a kzfree backward compatibility macro in slab.h. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fs/crypto/inline_crypt.c needs linux/slab.h] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix fs/crypto/inline_crypt.c some more] Suggested-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: "Jason A . Donenfeld" <Jason@zx2c4.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200616154311.12314-3-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Muchun Song
|
d38a2b7a9c |
mm: memcg/slab: fix memory leak at non-root kmem_cache destroy
If the kmem_cache refcount is greater than one, we should not mark the
root kmem_cache as dying. If we mark the root kmem_cache dying
incorrectly, the non-root kmem_cache can never be destroyed. It
resulted in memory leak when memcg was destroyed. We can use the
following steps to reproduce.
1) Use kmem_cache_create() to create a new kmem_cache named A.
2) Coincidentally, the kmem_cache A is an alias for kmem_cache B,
so the refcount of B is just increased.
3) Use kmem_cache_destroy() to destroy the kmem_cache A, just
decrease the B's refcount but mark the B as dying.
4) Create a new memory cgroup and alloc memory from the kmem_cache
B. It leads to create a non-root kmem_cache for allocating memory.
5) When destroy the memory cgroup created in the step 4), the
non-root kmem_cache can never be destroyed.
If we repeat steps 4) and 5), this will cause a lot of memory leak. So
only when refcount reach zero, we mark the root kmem_cache as dying.
Fixes:
|
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Waiman Long
|
8982ae527f |
mm/slab: use memzero_explicit() in kzfree()
The kzfree() function is normally used to clear some sensitive
information, like encryption keys, in the buffer before freeing it back to
the pool. Memset() is currently used for buffer clearing. However
unlikely, there is still a non-zero probability that the compiler may
choose to optimize away the memory clearing especially if LTO is being
used in the future.
To make sure that this optimization will never happen,
memzero_explicit(), which is introduced in v3.18, is now used in
kzfree() to future-proof it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200616154311.12314-2-longman@redhat.com
Fixes:
|
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Vlastimil Babka
|
49f2d2419d |
usercopy: mark dma-kmalloc caches as usercopy caches
We have seen a "usercopy: Kernel memory overwrite attempt detected to SLUB object 'dma-kmalloc-1 k' (offset 0, size 11)!" error on s390x, as IUCV uses kmalloc() with __GFP_DMA because of memory address restrictions. The issue has been discussed [2] and it has been noted that if all the kmalloc caches are marked as usercopy, there's little reason not to mark dma-kmalloc caches too. The 'dma' part merely means that __GFP_DMA is used to restrict memory address range. As Jann Horn put it [3]: "I think dma-kmalloc slabs should be handled the same way as normal kmalloc slabs. When a dma-kmalloc allocation is freshly created, it is just normal kernel memory - even if it might later be used for DMA -, and it should be perfectly fine to copy_from_user() into such allocations at that point, and to copy_to_user() out of them at the end. If you look at the places where such allocations are created, you can see things like kmemdup(), memcpy() and so on - all normal operations that shouldn't conceptually be different from usercopy in any relevant way." Thus this patch marks the dma-kmalloc-* caches as usercopy. [1] https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1156053 [2] https://lore.kernel.org/kernel-hardening/bfca96db-bbd0-d958-7732-76e36c667c68@suse.cz/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/kernel-hardening/CAG48ez1a4waGk9kB0WLaSbs4muSoK0AYAVk8=XYaKj4_+6e6Hg@mail.gmail.com/ Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Acked-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Julian Wiedmann <jwi@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ursula Braun <ubraun@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: David Windsor <dave@nullcore.net> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org> Cc: Dave Kleikamp <dave.kleikamp@oracle.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Luis de Bethencourt <luisbg@kernel.org> Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com> Cc: Michal Kubecek <mkubecek@suse.cz> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7d810f6d-8085-ea2f-7805-47ba3842dc50@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Qiujun Huang
|
b991cee567 |
mm, slab_common: fix a typo in comment "eariler"->"earlier"
There is a typo in comment, fix it. s/eariler/earlier/ Signed-off-by: Qiujun Huang <hqjagain@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200405160544.1246-1-hqjagain@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Alexey Dobriyan
|
d919b33daf |
proc: faster open/read/close with "permanent" files
Now that "struct proc_ops" exist we can start putting there stuff which
could not fly with VFS "struct file_operations"...
Most of fs/proc/inode.c file is dedicated to make open/read/.../close
reliable in the event of disappearing /proc entries which usually happens
if module is getting removed. Files like /proc/cpuinfo which never
disappear simply do not need such protection.
Save 2 atomic ops, 1 allocation, 1 free per open/read/close sequence for such
"permanent" files.
Enable "permanent" flag for
/proc/cpuinfo
/proc/kmsg
/proc/modules
/proc/slabinfo
/proc/stat
/proc/sysvipc/*
/proc/swaps
More will come once I figure out foolproof way to prevent out module
authors from marking their stuff "permanent" for performance reasons
when it is not.
This should help with scalability: benchmark is "read /proc/cpuinfo R times
by N threads scattered over the system".
N R t, s (before) t, s (after)
-----------------------------------------------------
64 4096 1.582458 1.530502 -3.2%
256 4096 6.371926 6.125168 -3.9%
1024 4096 25.64888 24.47528 -4.6%
Benchmark source:
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
const int NR_CPUS = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
int N;
const char *filename;
int R;
int xxx = 0;
int glue(int n)
{
cpu_set_t m;
CPU_ZERO(&m);
CPU_SET(n, &m);
return sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set_t), &m);
}
void f(int n)
{
glue(n % NR_CPUS);
while (*(volatile int *)&xxx == 0) {
}
for (int i = 0; i < R; i++) {
int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
char buf[4096];
ssize_t rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
asm volatile ("" :: "g" (rv));
close(fd);
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc < 4) {
std::cerr << "usage: " << argv[0] << ' ' << "N /proc/filename R
";
return 1;
}
N = atoi(argv[1]);
filename = argv[2];
R = atoi(argv[3]);
for (int i = 0; i < NR_CPUS; i++) {
if (glue(i) == 0)
break;
}
std::vector<std::thread> T;
T.reserve(N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
T.emplace_back(f, i);
}
auto t0 = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
{
*(volatile int *)&xxx = 1;
for (auto& t: T) {
t.join();
}
}
auto t1 = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
std::chrono::duration<double> dt = t1 - t0;
std::cout << dt.count() << '
';
return 0;
}
P.S.:
Explicit randomization marker is added because adding non-function pointer
will silently disable structure layout randomization.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding style fixes]
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200222201539.GA22576@avx2
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
Yafang Shao
|
a87425a36f |
mm, memcg: fix build error around the usage of kmem_caches
When I manually set default n to MEMCG_KMEM in init/Kconfig, bellow error
occurs,
mm/slab_common.c: In function 'memcg_slab_start':
mm/slab_common.c:1530:30: error: 'struct mem_cgroup' has no member named
'kmem_caches'
return seq_list_start(&memcg->kmem_caches, *pos);
^
mm/slab_common.c: In function 'memcg_slab_next':
mm/slab_common.c:1537:32: error: 'struct mem_cgroup' has no member named
'kmem_caches'
return seq_list_next(p, &memcg->kmem_caches, pos);
^
mm/slab_common.c: In function 'memcg_slab_show':
mm/slab_common.c:1551:16: error: 'struct mem_cgroup' has no member named
'kmem_caches'
if (p == memcg->kmem_caches.next)
^
CC arch/x86/xen/smp.o
mm/slab_common.c: In function 'memcg_slab_start':
mm/slab_common.c:1531:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
[-Wreturn-type]
}
^
mm/slab_common.c: In function 'memcg_slab_next':
mm/slab_common.c:1538:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
[-Wreturn-type]
}
^
That's because kmem_caches is defined only when CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM is set,
while memcg_slab_start() will use it no matter CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM is defined
or not.
By the way, the reason I mannuly undefined CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM is to verify
whether my some other code change is still stable when CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM is
not set. Unfortunately, the existing code has been already unstable since
v4.11.
Fixes:
|
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
97a32539b9 |
proc: convert everything to "struct proc_ops"
The most notable change is DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE macro split in seq_file.h. Conversion rule is: llseek => proc_lseek unlocked_ioctl => proc_ioctl xxx => proc_xxx delete ".owner = THIS_MODULE" line [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix drivers/isdn/capi/kcapi_proc.c] [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: fix kernel/sched/psi.c] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200122180545.36222f50@canb.auug.org.au Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191225172546.GB13378@avx2 Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Florian Westphal
|
1c948715a1 |
mm: remove __krealloc
Since 5.5-rc1 the last user of this function is gone, so remove the
functionality.
See commit
|
||
Adrian Huang
|
2fe20210fc |
mm: memcg/slab: call flush_memcg_workqueue() only if memcg workqueue is valid
When booting with amd_iommu=off, the following WARNING message
appears:
AMD-Vi: AMD IOMMU disabled on kernel command-line
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 0 at kernel/workqueue.c:2772 flush_workqueue+0x42e/0x450
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.5.0-rc3-amd-iommu #6
Hardware name: Lenovo ThinkSystem SR655-2S/7D2WRCZ000, BIOS D8E101L-1.00 12/05/2019
RIP: 0010:flush_workqueue+0x42e/0x450
Code: ff 0f 0b e9 7a fd ff ff 4d 89 ef e9 33 fe ff ff 0f 0b e9 7f fd ff ff 0f 0b e9 bc fd ff ff 0f 0b e9 a8 fd ff ff e8 52 2c fe ff <0f> 0b 31 d2 48 c7 c6 e0 88 c5 95 48 c7 c7 d8 ad f0 95 e8 19 f5 04
Call Trace:
kmem_cache_destroy+0x69/0x260
iommu_go_to_state+0x40c/0x5ab
amd_iommu_prepare+0x16/0x2a
irq_remapping_prepare+0x36/0x5f
enable_IR_x2apic+0x21/0x172
default_setup_apic_routing+0x12/0x6f
apic_intr_mode_init+0x1a1/0x1f1
x86_late_time_init+0x17/0x1c
start_kernel+0x480/0x53f
secondary_startup_64+0xb6/0xc0
---[ end trace 30894107c3749449 ]---
x2apic: IRQ remapping doesn't support X2APIC mode
x2apic disabled
The warning is caused by the calling of 'kmem_cache_destroy()'
in free_iommu_resources(). Here is the call path:
free_iommu_resources
kmem_cache_destroy
flush_memcg_workqueue
flush_workqueue
The root cause is that the IOMMU subsystem runs before the workqueue
subsystem, which the variable 'wq_online' is still 'false'. This leads
to the statement 'if (WARN_ON(!wq_online))' in flush_workqueue() is
'true'.
Since the variable 'memcg_kmem_cache_wq' is not allocated during the
time, it is unnecessary to call flush_memcg_workqueue(). This prevents
the WARNING message triggered by flush_workqueue().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200103085503.1665-1-ahuang12@lenovo.com
Fixes:
|
||
|
Roman Gushchin
|
a264df74df |
mm: memcg/slab: wait for !root kmem_cache refcnt killing on root kmem_cache destruction
Christian reported a warning like the following obtained during running
some KVM-related tests on s390:
WARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 208 at lib/percpu-refcount.c:108 percpu_ref_exit+0x50/0x58
Modules linked in: kvm(-) xt_CHECKSUM xt_MASQUERADE bonding xt_tcpudp ip6t_rpfilter ip6t_REJECT nf_reject_ipv6 ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 xt_conntrack ip6table_na>
CPU: 8 PID: 208 Comm: kworker/8:1 Not tainted 5.2.0+ #66
Hardware name: IBM 2964 NC9 712 (LPAR)
Workqueue: events sysfs_slab_remove_workfn
Krnl PSW : 0704e00180000000 0000001529746850 (percpu_ref_exit+0x50/0x58)
R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:2 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3
Krnl GPRS: 00000000ffff8808 0000001529746740 000003f4e30e8e18 0036008100000000
0000001f00000000 0035008100000000 0000001fb3573ab8 0000000000000000
0000001fbdb6de00 0000000000000000 0000001529f01328 0000001fb3573b00
0000001fbb27e000 0000001fbdb69300 000003e009263d00 000003e009263cd0
Krnl Code: 0000001529746842: f0a0000407fe srp 4(11,%r0),2046,0
0000001529746848: 47000700 bc 0,1792
#000000152974684c: a7f40001 brc 15,152974684e
>0000001529746850: a7f4fff2 brc 15,1529746834
0000001529746854: 0707 bcr 0,%r7
0000001529746856: 0707 bcr 0,%r7
0000001529746858: eb8ff0580024 stmg %r8,%r15,88(%r15)
000000152974685e: a738ffff lhi %r3,-1
Call Trace:
([<000003e009263d00>] 0x3e009263d00)
[<00000015293252ea>] slab_kmem_cache_release+0x3a/0x70
[<0000001529b04882>] kobject_put+0xaa/0xe8
[<000000152918cf28>] process_one_work+0x1e8/0x428
[<000000152918d1b0>] worker_thread+0x48/0x460
[<00000015291942c6>] kthread+0x126/0x160
[<0000001529b22344>] ret_from_fork+0x28/0x30
[<0000001529b2234c>] kernel_thread_starter+0x0/0x10
Last Breaking-Event-Address:
[<000000152974684c>] percpu_ref_exit+0x4c/0x58
---[ end trace b035e7da5788eb09 ]---
The problem occurs because kmem_cache_destroy() is called immediately
after deleting of a memcg, so it races with the memcg kmem_cache
deactivation.
flush_memcg_workqueue() at the beginning of kmem_cache_destroy() is
supposed to guarantee that all deactivation processes are finished, but
failed to do so. It waits for an rcu grace period, after which all
children kmem_caches should be deactivated. During the deactivation
percpu_ref_kill() is called for non root kmem_cache refcounters, but it
requires yet another rcu grace period to finish the transition to the
atomic (dead) state.
So in a rare case when not all children kmem_caches are destroyed at the
moment when the root kmem_cache is about to be gone, we need to wait
another rcu grace period before destroying the root kmem_cache.
This issue can be triggered only with dynamically created kmem_caches
which are used with memcg accounting. In this case per-memcg child
kmem_caches are created. They are deactivated from the cgroup removing
path. If the destruction of the root kmem_cache is racing with the
removal of the cgroup (both are quite complicated multi-stage
processes), the described issue can occur. The only known way to
trigger it in the real life, is to unload some kernel module which
creates a dedicated kmem_cache, used from different memory cgroups with
GFP_ACCOUNT flag. If the unloading happens immediately after calling
rmdir on the corresponding cgroup, there is some chance to trigger the
issue.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191129025011.3076017-1-guro@fb.com
Fixes:
|
||
Pengfei Li
|
13657d0ad9 |
mm, slab_common: use enum kmalloc_cache_type to iterate over kmalloc caches
The type of local variable *type* of new_kmalloc_cache() should be enum kmalloc_cache_type instead of int, so correct it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1569241648-26908-4-git-send-email-lpf.vector@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Pengfei Li <lpf.vector@gmail.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Pengfei Li
|
dc0a7f7558 |
mm, slab: remove unused kmalloc_size()
The size of kmalloc can be obtained from kmalloc_info[], so remove kmalloc_size() that will not be used anymore. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1569241648-26908-3-git-send-email-lpf.vector@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Pengfei Li <lpf.vector@gmail.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Pengfei Li
|
cb5d9fb38c |
mm, slab: make kmalloc_info[] contain all types of names
Patch series "mm, slab: Make kmalloc_info[] contain all types of names", v6.
There are three types of kmalloc, KMALLOC_NORMAL, KMALLOC_RECLAIM
and KMALLOC_DMA.
The name of KMALLOC_NORMAL is contained in kmalloc_info[].name,
but the names of KMALLOC_RECLAIM and KMALLOC_DMA are dynamically
generated by kmalloc_cache_name().
Patch1 predefines the names of all types of kmalloc to save
the time spent dynamically generating names.
These changes make sense, and the time spent by new_kmalloc_cache()
has been reduced by approximately 36.3%.
Time spent by new_kmalloc_cache()
(CPU cycles)
5.3-rc7 66264
5.3-rc7+patch 42188
This patch (of 3):
There are three types of kmalloc, KMALLOC_NORMAL, KMALLOC_RECLAIM and
KMALLOC_DMA.
The name of KMALLOC_NORMAL is contained in kmalloc_info[].name, but the
names of KMALLOC_RECLAIM and KMALLOC_DMA are dynamically generated by
kmalloc_cache_name().
This patch predefines the names of all types of kmalloc to save the time
spent dynamically generating names.
Besides, remove the kmalloc_cache_name() that is no longer used.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1569241648-26908-2-git-send-email-lpf.vector@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Pengfei Li <lpf.vector@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
|
Roman Gushchin
|
b749ecfaf6 |
mm: memcg/slab: fix panic in __free_slab() caused by premature memcg pointer release
Karsten reported the following panic in __free_slab() happening on a s390x
machine:
Unable to handle kernel pointer dereference in virtual kernel address space
Failing address: 0000000000000000 TEID: 0000000000000483
Fault in home space mode while using kernel ASCE.
AS:00000000017d4007 R3:000000007fbd0007 S:000000007fbff000 P:000000000000003d
Oops: 0004 ilc:3 Ý#1¨ PREEMPT SMP
Modules linked in: tcp_diag inet_diag xt_tcpudp ip6t_rpfilter ip6t_REJECT nf_reject_ipv6 ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 xt_conntrack ip6table_nat ip6table_mangle ip6table_raw ip6table_security iptable_at nf_nat
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.3.0-05872-g6133e3e4bada-dirty #14
Hardware name: IBM 2964 NC9 702 (z/VM 6.4.0)
Krnl PSW : 0704d00180000000 00000000003cadb6 (__free_slab+0x686/0x6b0)
R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:1 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3
Krnl GPRS: 00000000f3a32928 0000000000000000 000000007fbf5d00 000000000117c4b8
0000000000000000 000000009e3291c1 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000003 0000000000000008 000000002b478b00 000003d080a97600
0000000000000003 0000000000000008 000000002b478b00 000003d080a97600
000000000117ba00 000003e000057db0 00000000003cabcc 000003e000057c78
Krnl Code: 00000000003cada6: e310a1400004 lg %r1,320(%r10)
00000000003cadac: c0e50046c286 brasl %r14,ca32b8
#00000000003cadb2: a7f4fe36 brc 15,3caa1e
>00000000003cadb6: e32060800024 stg %r2,128(%r6)
00000000003cadbc: a7f4fd9e brc 15,3ca8f8
00000000003cadc0: c0e50046790c brasl %r14,c99fd8
00000000003cadc6: a7f4fe2c brc 15,3caa
00000000003cadc6: a7f4fe2c brc 15,3caa1e
00000000003cadca: ecb1ffff00d9 aghik %r11,%r1,-1
Call Trace:
(<00000000003cabcc> __free_slab+0x49c/0x6b0)
<00000000001f5886> rcu_core+0x5a6/0x7e0
<0000000000ca2dea> __do_softirq+0xf2/0x5c0
<0000000000152644> irq_exit+0x104/0x130
<000000000010d222> do_IRQ+0x9a/0xf0
<0000000000ca2344> ext_int_handler+0x130/0x134
<0000000000103648> enabled_wait+0x58/0x128
(<0000000000103634> enabled_wait+0x44/0x128)
<0000000000103b00> arch_cpu_idle+0x40/0x58
<0000000000ca0544> default_idle_call+0x3c/0x68
<000000000018eaa4> do_idle+0xec/0x1c0
<000000000018ee0e> cpu_startup_entry+0x36/0x40
<000000000122df34> arch_call_rest_init+0x5c/0x88
<0000000000000000> 0x0
INFO: lockdep is turned off.
Last Breaking-Event-Address:
<00000000003ca8f4> __free_slab+0x1c4/0x6b0
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
The kernel panics on an attempt to dereference the NULL memcg pointer.
When shutdown_cache() is called from the kmem_cache_destroy() context, a
memcg kmem_cache might have empty slab pages in a partial list, which are
still charged to the memory cgroup.
These pages are released by free_partial() at the beginning of
shutdown_cache(): either directly or by scheduling a RCU-delayed work
(if the kmem_cache has the SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU flag). The latter case
is when the reported panic can happen: memcg_unlink_cache() is called
immediately after shrinking partial lists, without waiting for scheduled
RCU works. It sets the kmem_cache->memcg_params.memcg pointer to NULL,
and the following attempt to dereference it by __free_slab() from the
RCU work context causes the panic.
To fix the issue, let's postpone the release of the memcg pointer to
destroy_memcg_params(). It's called from a separate work context by
slab_caches_to_rcu_destroy_workfn(), which contains a full RCU barrier.
This guarantees that all scheduled page release RCU works will complete
before the memcg pointer will be zeroed.
Big thanks for Karsten for the perfect report containing all necessary
information, his help with the analysis of the problem and testing of the
fix.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191010160549.1584316-1-guro@fb.com
Fixes:
|
||
|
Vlastimil Babka
|
59bb47985c |
mm, sl[aou]b: guarantee natural alignment for kmalloc(power-of-two)
In most configurations, kmalloc() happens to return naturally aligned (i.e. aligned to the block size itself) blocks for power of two sizes. That means some kmalloc() users might unknowingly rely on that alignment, until stuff breaks when the kernel is built with e.g. CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG or CONFIG_SLOB, and blocks stop being aligned. Then developers have to devise workaround such as own kmem caches with specified alignment [1], which is not always practical, as recently evidenced in [2]. The topic has been discussed at LSF/MM 2019 [3]. Adding a 'kmalloc_aligned()' variant would not help with code unknowingly relying on the implicit alignment. For slab implementations it would either require creating more kmalloc caches, or allocate a larger size and only give back part of it. That would be wasteful, especially with a generic alignment parameter (in contrast with a fixed alignment to size). Ideally we should provide to mm users what they need without difficult workarounds or own reimplementations, so let's make the kmalloc() alignment to size explicitly guaranteed for power-of-two sizes under all configurations. What this means for the three available allocators? * SLAB object layout happens to be mostly unchanged by the patch. The implicitly provided alignment could be compromised with CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB due to redzoning, however SLAB disables redzoning for caches with alignment larger than unsigned long long. Practically on at least x86 this includes kmalloc caches as they use cache line alignment, which is larger than that. Still, this patch ensures alignment on all arches and cache sizes. * SLUB layout is also unchanged unless redzoning is enabled through CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG and boot parameter for the particular kmalloc cache. With this patch, explicit alignment is guaranteed with redzoning as well. This will result in more memory being wasted, but that should be acceptable in a debugging scenario. * SLOB has no implicit alignment so this patch adds it explicitly for kmalloc(). The potential downside is increased fragmentation. While pathological allocation scenarios are certainly possible, in my testing, after booting a x86_64 kernel+userspace with virtme, around 16MB memory was consumed by slab pages both before and after the patch, with difference in the noise. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/c3157c8e8e0e7588312b40c853f65c02fe6c957a.1566399731.git.christophe.leroy@c-s.fr/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20190225040904.5557-1-ming.lei@redhat.com/ [3] https://lwn.net/Articles/787740/ [akpm@linux-foundation.org: documentation fixlet, per Matthew] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190826111627.7505-3-vbabka@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.cz> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vlastimil Babka
|
6a486c0ad4 |
mm, sl[ou]b: improve memory accounting
Patch series "guarantee natural alignment for kmalloc()", v2. This patch (of 2): SLOB currently doesn't account its pages at all, so in /proc/meminfo the Slab field shows zero. Modifying a counter on page allocation and freeing should be acceptable even for the small system scenarios SLOB is intended for. Since reclaimable caches are not separated in SLOB, account everything as unreclaimable. SLUB currently doesn't account kmalloc() and kmalloc_node() allocations larger than order-1 page, that are passed directly to the page allocator. As they also don't appear in /proc/slabinfo, it might look like a memory leak. For consistency, account them as well. (SLAB doesn't actually use page allocator directly, so no change there). Ideally SLOB and SLUB would be handled in separate patches, but due to the shared kmalloc_order() function and different kfree() implementations, it's easier to patch both at once to prevent inconsistencies. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190826111627.7505-2-vbabka@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Waiman Long
|
04f768a39d |
mm, slab: extend slab/shrink to shrink all memcg caches
Currently, a value of '1" is written to /sys/kernel/slab/<slab>/shrink file to shrink the slab by flushing out all the per-cpu slabs and free slabs in partial lists. This can be useful to squeeze out a bit more memory under extreme condition as well as making the active object counts in /proc/slabinfo more accurate. This usually applies only to the root caches, as the SLUB_MEMCG_SYSFS_ON option is usually not enabled and "slub_memcg_sysfs=1" not set. Even if memcg sysfs is turned on, it is too cumbersome and impractical to manage all those per-memcg sysfs files in a real production system. So there is no practical way to shrink memcg caches. Fix this by enabling a proper write to the shrink sysfs file of the root cache to scan all the available memcg caches and shrink them as well. For a non-root memcg cache (when SLUB_MEMCG_SYSFS_ON or slub_memcg_sysfs is on), only that cache will be shrunk when written. On a 2-socket 64-core 256-thread arm64 system with 64k page after a parallel kernel build, the the amount of memory occupied by slabs before shrinking slabs were: # grep task_struct /proc/slabinfo task_struct 53137 53192 4288 61 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 872 872 0 # grep "^S[lRU]" /proc/meminfo Slab: 3936832 kB SReclaimable: 399104 kB SUnreclaim: 3537728 kB After shrinking slabs (by echoing "1" to all shrink files): # grep "^S[lRU]" /proc/meminfo Slab: 1356288 kB SReclaimable: 263296 kB SUnreclaim: 1092992 kB # grep task_struct /proc/slabinfo task_struct 2764 6832 4288 61 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 112 112 0 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190723151445.7385-1-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Arnd Bergmann
|
a07057dce2 |
mm/slab_common.c: work around clang bug #42570
Clang gets rather confused about two variables in the same special section when one of them is not initialized, leading to an assembler warning later: /tmp/slab_common-18f869.s: Assembler messages: /tmp/slab_common-18f869.s:7526: Warning: ignoring changed section attributes for .data..ro_after_init Adding an initialization to kmalloc_caches is rather silly here but does avoid the issue. Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42570 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190712090455.266021-1-arnd@arndb.de Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Waiman Long
|
fcf8a1e483 |
mm, memcg: add a memcg_slabinfo debugfs file
There are concerns about memory leaks from extensive use of memory cgroups as each memory cgroup creates its own set of kmem caches. There is a possiblity that the memcg kmem caches may remain even after the memory cgroups have been offlined. Therefore, it will be useful to show the status of each of memcg kmem caches. This patch introduces a new <debugfs>/memcg_slabinfo file which is somewhat similar to /proc/slabinfo in format, but lists only information about kmem caches that have child memcg kmem caches. Information available in /proc/slabinfo are not repeated in memcg_slabinfo. A portion of a sample output of the file was: # <name> <css_id[:dead]> <active_objs> <num_objs> <active_slabs> <num_slabs> rpc_inode_cache root 13 51 1 1 rpc_inode_cache 48 0 0 0 0 fat_inode_cache root 1 45 1 1 fat_inode_cache 41 2 45 1 1 xfs_inode root 770 816 24 24 xfs_inode 92 22 34 1 1 xfs_inode 88:dead 1 34 1 1 xfs_inode 89:dead 23 34 1 1 xfs_inode 85 4 34 1 1 xfs_inode 84 9 34 1 1 The css id of the memcg is also listed. If a memcg is not online, the tag ":dead" will be attached as shown above. [longman@redhat.com: memcg: add ":deact" tag for reparented kmem caches in memcg_slabinfo] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190621173005.31514-1-longman@redhat.com [longman@redhat.com: set the flag in the common code as suggested by Roman] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190627184324.5875-1-longman@redhat.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190619171621.26209-1-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Suggested-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Roman Gushchin
|
fb2f2b0adb |
mm: memcg/slab: reparent memcg kmem_caches on cgroup removal
Let's reparent non-root kmem_caches on memcg offlining. This allows us to release the memory cgroup without waiting for the last outstanding kernel object (e.g. dentry used by another application). Since the parent cgroup is already charged, everything we need to do is to splice the list of kmem_caches to the parent's kmem_caches list, swap the memcg pointer, drop the css refcounter for each kmem_cache and adjust the parent's css refcounter. Please, note that kmem_cache->memcg_params.memcg isn't a stable pointer anymore. It's safe to read it under rcu_read_lock(), cgroup_mutex held, or any other way that protects the memory cgroup from being released. We can race with the slab allocation and deallocation paths. It's not a big problem: parent's charge and slab global stats are always correct, and we don't care anymore about the child usage and global stats. The child cgroup is already offline, so we don't use or show it anywhere. Local slab stats (NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE) aren't used anywhere except count_shadow_nodes(). But even there it won't break anything: after reparenting "nodes" will be 0 on child level (because we're already reparenting shrinker lists), and on parent level page stats always were 0, and this patch won't change anything. [guro@fb.com: properly handle kmem_caches reparented to root_mem_cgroup] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190620213427.1691847-1-guro@fb.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-11-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Roman Gushchin
|
f0a3a24b53 |
mm: memcg/slab: rework non-root kmem_cache lifecycle management
Currently each charged slab page holds a reference to the cgroup to which
it's charged. Kmem_caches are held by the memcg and are released all
together with the memory cgroup. It means that none of kmem_caches are
released unless at least one reference to the memcg exists, which is very
far from optimal.
Let's rework it in a way that allows releasing individual kmem_caches as
soon as the cgroup is offline, the kmem_cache is empty and there are no
pending allocations.
To make it possible, let's introduce a new percpu refcounter for non-root
kmem caches. The counter is initialized to the percpu mode, and is
switched to the atomic mode during kmem_cache deactivation. The counter
is bumped for every charged page and also for every running allocation.
So the kmem_cache can't be released unless all allocations complete.
To shutdown non-active empty kmem_caches, let's reuse the work queue,
previously used for the kmem_cache deactivation. Once the reference
counter reaches 0, let's schedule an asynchronous kmem_cache release.
* I used the following simple approach to test the performance
(stolen from another patchset by T. Harding):
time find / -name fname-no-exist
echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
repeat 10 times
Results:
orig patched
real 0m1.455s real 0m1.355s
user 0m0.206s user 0m0.219s
sys 0m0.855s sys 0m0.807s
real 0m1.487s real 0m1.699s
user 0m0.221s user 0m0.256s
sys 0m0.806s sys 0m0.948s
real 0m1.515s real 0m1.505s
user 0m0.183s user 0m0.215s
sys 0m0.876s sys 0m0.858s
real 0m1.291s real 0m1.380s
user 0m0.193s user 0m0.198s
sys 0m0.843s sys 0m0.786s
real 0m1.364s real 0m1.374s
user 0m0.180s user 0m0.182s
sys 0m0.868s sys 0m0.806s
real 0m1.352s real 0m1.312s
user 0m0.201s user 0m0.212s
sys 0m0.820s sys 0m0.761s
real 0m1.302s real 0m1.349s
user 0m0.205s user 0m0.203s
sys 0m0.803s sys 0m0.792s
real 0m1.334s real 0m1.301s
user 0m0.194s user 0m0.201s
sys 0m0.806s sys 0m0.779s
real 0m1.426s real 0m1.434s
user 0m0.216s user 0m0.181s
sys 0m0.824s sys 0m0.864s
real 0m1.350s real 0m1.295s
user 0m0.200s user 0m0.190s
sys 0m0.842s sys 0m0.811s
So it looks like the difference is not noticeable in this test.
[cai@lca.pw: fix an use-after-free in kmemcg_workfn()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1560977573-10715-1-git-send-email-cai@lca.pw
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-9-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
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|
Roman Gushchin
|
63b02ef7dc |
mm: memcg/slab: synchronize access to kmem_cache dying flag using a spinlock
Currently the memcg_params.dying flag and the corresponding workqueue used for the asynchronous deactivation of kmem_caches is synchronized using the slab_mutex. It makes impossible to check this flag from the irq context, which will be required in order to implement asynchronous release of kmem_caches. So let's switch over to the irq-save flavor of the spinlock-based synchronization. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-8-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Roman Gushchin
|
570332978e |
mm: memcg/slab: don't check the dying flag on kmem_cache creation
There is no point in checking the root_cache->memcg_params.dying flag on kmem_cache creation path. New allocations shouldn't be performed using a dead root kmem_cache, so no new memcg kmem_cache creation can be scheduled after the flag is set. And if it was scheduled before, flush_memcg_workqueue() will wait for it anyway. So let's drop this check to simplify the code. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-7-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Roman Gushchin
|
4348669475 |
mm: memcg/slab: generalize postponed non-root kmem_cache deactivation
Currently SLUB uses a work scheduled after an RCU grace period to
deactivate a non-root kmem_cache. This mechanism can be reused for
kmem_caches release, but requires generalization for SLAB case.
Introduce kmemcg_cache_deactivate() function, which calls
allocator-specific __kmem_cache_deactivate() and schedules execution of
__kmem_cache_deactivate_after_rcu() with all necessary locks in a worker
context after an rcu grace period.
Here is the new calling scheme:
kmemcg_cache_deactivate()
__kmemcg_cache_deactivate() SLAB/SLUB-specific
kmemcg_rcufn() rcu
kmemcg_workfn() work
__kmemcg_cache_deactivate_after_rcu() SLAB/SLUB-specific
instead of:
__kmemcg_cache_deactivate() SLAB/SLUB-specific
slab_deactivate_memcg_cache_rcu_sched() SLUB-only
kmemcg_rcufn() rcu
kmemcg_workfn() work
kmemcg_cache_deact_after_rcu() SLUB-only
For consistency, all allocator-specific functions start with "__".
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-4-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
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|
Roman Gushchin
|
0b14e8aa68 |
mm: memcg/slab: rename slab delayed deactivation functions and fields
The delayed work/rcu deactivation infrastructure of non-root kmem_caches can be also used for asynchronous release of these objects. Let's get rid of the word "deactivation" in corresponding names to make the code look better after generalization. It's easier to make the renaming first, so that the generalized code will look consistent from scratch. Let's rename struct memcg_cache_params fields: deact_fn -> work_fn deact_rcu_head -> rcu_head deact_work -> work And RCU/delayed work callbacks in slab common code: kmemcg_deactivate_rcufn -> kmemcg_rcufn kmemcg_deactivate_workfn -> kmemcg_workfn This patch contains no functional changes, only renamings. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-3-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Roman Gushchin
|
c03914b7aa |
mm: memcg/slab: postpone kmem_cache memcg pointer initialization to memcg_link_cache()
Patch series "mm: reparent slab memory on cgroup removal", v7. # Why do we need this? We've noticed that the number of dying cgroups is steadily growing on most of our hosts in production. The following investigation revealed an issue in the userspace memory reclaim code [1], accounting of kernel stacks [2], and also the main reason: slab objects. The underlying problem is quite simple: any page charged to a cgroup holds a reference to it, so the cgroup can't be reclaimed unless all charged pages are gone. If a slab object is actively used by other cgroups, it won't be reclaimed, and will prevent the origin cgroup from being reclaimed. Slab objects, and first of all vfs cache, is shared between cgroups, which are using the same underlying fs, and what's even more important, it's shared between multiple generations of the same workload. So if something is running periodically every time in a new cgroup (like how systemd works), we do accumulate multiple dying cgroups. Strictly speaking pagecache isn't different here, but there is a key difference: we disable protection and apply some extra pressure on LRUs of dying cgroups, and these LRUs contain all charged pages. My experiments show that with the disabled kernel memory accounting the number of dying cgroups stabilizes at a relatively small number (~100, depends on memory pressure and cgroup creation rate), and with kernel memory accounting it grows pretty steadily up to several thousands. Memory cgroups are quite complex and big objects (mostly due to percpu stats), so it leads to noticeable memory losses. Memory occupied by dying cgroups is measured in hundreds of megabytes. I've even seen a host with more than 100Gb of memory wasted for dying cgroups. It leads to a degradation of performance with the uptime, and generally limits the usage of cgroups. My previous attempt [3] to fix the problem by applying extra pressure on slab shrinker lists caused a regressions with xfs and ext4, and has been reverted [4]. The following attempts to find the right balance [5, 6] were not successful. So instead of trying to find a maybe non-existing balance, let's do reparent accounted slab caches to the parent cgroup on cgroup removal. # Implementation approach There is however a significant problem with reparenting of slab memory: there is no list of charged pages. Some of them are in shrinker lists, but not all. Introducing of a new list is really not an option. But fortunately there is a way forward: every slab page has a stable pointer to the corresponding kmem_cache. So the idea is to reparent kmem_caches instead of slab pages. It's actually simpler and cheaper, but requires some underlying changes: 1) Make kmem_caches to hold a single reference to the memory cgroup, instead of a separate reference per every slab page. 2) Stop setting page->mem_cgroup pointer for memcg slab pages and use page->kmem_cache->memcg indirection instead. It's used only on slab page release, so performance overhead shouldn't be a big issue. 3) Introduce a refcounter for non-root slab caches. It's required to be able to destroy kmem_caches when they become empty and release the associated memory cgroup. There is a bonus: currently we release all memcg kmem_caches all together with the memory cgroup itself. This patchset allows individual kmem_caches to be released as soon as they become inactive and free. Some additional implementation details are provided in corresponding commit messages. # Results Below is the average number of dying cgroups on two groups of our production hosts. They do run some sort of web frontend workload, the memory pressure is moderate. As we can see, with the kernel memory reparenting the number stabilizes in 60s range; however with the original version it grows almost linearly and doesn't show any signs of plateauing. The difference in slab and percpu usage between patched and unpatched versions also grows linearly. In 7 days it exceeded 200Mb. day 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 original 56 362 628 752 1070 1250 1490 1560 patched 23 46 51 55 60 57 67 69 mem diff(Mb) 22 74 123 152 164 182 214 241 # Links [1]: commit |
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Marco Elver
|
0d4ca4c9ba |
mm/kasan: add object validation in ksize()
ksize() has been unconditionally unpoisoning the whole shadow memory region associated with an allocation. This can lead to various undetected bugs, for example, double-kzfree(). Specifically, kzfree() uses ksize() to determine the actual allocation size, and subsequently zeroes the memory. Since ksize() used to just unpoison the whole shadow memory region, no invalid free was detected. This patch addresses this as follows: 1. Add a check in ksize(), and only then unpoison the memory region. 2. Preserve kasan_unpoison_slab() semantics by explicitly unpoisoning the shadow memory region using the size obtained from __ksize(). Tested: 1. With SLAB allocator: a) normal boot without warnings; b) verified the added double-kzfree() is detected. 2. With SLUB allocator: a) normal boot without warnings; b) verified the added double-kzfree() is detected. [elver@google.com: s/BUG_ON/WARN_ON_ONCE/, per Kees] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190627094445.216365-6-elver@google.com Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199359 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190626142014.141844-6-elver@google.com Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Marco Elver
|
10d1f8cb39 |
mm/slab: refactor common ksize KASAN logic into slab_common.c
This refactors common code of ksize() between the various allocators into slab_common.c: __ksize() is the allocator-specific implementation without instrumentation, whereas ksize() includes the required KASAN logic. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190626142014.141844-5-elver@google.com Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Reviewed-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Nicolas Boichat
|
6d6ea1e967 |
mm: add support for kmem caches in DMA32 zone
Patch series "iommu/io-pgtable-arm-v7s: Use DMA32 zone for page tables",
v6.
This is a followup to the discussion in [1], [2].
IOMMUs using ARMv7 short-descriptor format require page tables (level 1
and 2) to be allocated within the first 4GB of RAM, even on 64-bit
systems.
For L1 tables that are bigger than a page, we can just use
__get_free_pages with GFP_DMA32 (on arm64 systems only, arm would still
use GFP_DMA).
For L2 tables that only take 1KB, it would be a waste to allocate a full
page, so we considered 3 approaches:
1. This series, adding support for GFP_DMA32 slab caches.
2. genalloc, which requires pre-allocating the maximum number of L2 page
tables (4096, so 4MB of memory).
3. page_frag, which is not very memory-efficient as it is unable to reuse
freed fragments until the whole page is freed. [3]
This series is the most memory-efficient approach.
stable@ note:
We confirmed that this is a regression, and IOMMU errors happen on 4.19
and linux-next/master on MT8173 (elm, Acer Chromebook R13). The issue
most likely starts from commit
|
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Mike Rapoport
|
a862f68a8b |
docs/core-api/mm: fix return value descriptions in mm/
Many kernel-doc comments in mm/ have the return value descriptions either misformatted or omitted at all which makes kernel-doc script unhappy: $ make V=1 htmldocs ... ./mm/util.c:36: info: Scanning doc for kstrdup ./mm/util.c:41: warning: No description found for return value of 'kstrdup' ./mm/util.c:57: info: Scanning doc for kstrdup_const ./mm/util.c:66: warning: No description found for return value of 'kstrdup_const' ./mm/util.c:75: info: Scanning doc for kstrndup ./mm/util.c:83: warning: No description found for return value of 'kstrndup' ... Fixing the formatting and adding the missing return value descriptions eliminates ~100 such warnings. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1549549644-4903-4-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Chris Down
|
aa9694bb78 |
mm, memcg: create mem_cgroup_from_seq
This is the start of a series of patches similar to my earlier DEFINE_MEMCG_MAX_OR_VAL work, but with less Macro Magic(tm). There are a bunch of places we go from seq_file to mem_cgroup, which currently requires manually getting the css, then getting the mem_cgroup from the css. It's in enough places now that having mem_cgroup_from_seq makes sense (and also makes the next patch a bit nicer). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190124194050.GA31341@chrisdown.name Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Andrey Konovalov
|
a2f775751d |
kmemleak: account for tagged pointers when calculating pointer range
kmemleak keeps two global variables, min_addr and max_addr, which store the range of valid (encountered by kmemleak) pointer values, which it later uses to speed up pointer lookup when scanning blocks. With tagged pointers this range will get bigger than it needs to be. This patch makes kmemleak untag pointers before saving them to min_addr and max_addr and when performing a lookup. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/16e887d442986ab87fe87a755815ad92fa431a5f.1550066133.git.andreyknvl@google.com Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Tested-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Evgeniy Stepanov <eugenis@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrey Konovalov
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53128245b4 |
kasan, kmemleak: pass tagged pointers to kmemleak
Right now we call kmemleak hooks before assigning tags to pointers in KASAN hooks. As a result, when an objects gets allocated, kmemleak sees a differently tagged pointer, compared to the one it sees when the object gets freed. Fix it by calling KASAN hooks before kmemleak's ones. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cd825aa4897b0fc37d3316838993881daccbe9f5.1549921721.git.andreyknvl@google.com Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Evgeniy Stepanov <eugenis@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Linus Torvalds
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3868772b99 |
A fairly normal cycle for documentation stuff. We have a new
document on perf security, more Italian translations, more
improvements to the memory-management docs, improvements to the
pathname lookup documentation, and the usual array of smaller
fixes.
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Merge tag 'docs-5.0' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation update from Jonathan Corbet:
"A fairly normal cycle for documentation stuff. We have a new document
on perf security, more Italian translations, more improvements to the
memory-management docs, improvements to the pathname lookup
documentation, and the usual array of smaller fixes.
As is often the case, there are a few reaches outside of
Documentation/ to adjust kerneldoc comments"
* tag 'docs-5.0' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (38 commits)
docs: improve pathname-lookup document structure
configfs: fix wrong name of struct in documentation
docs/mm-api: link slab_common.c to "The Slab Cache" section
slab: make kmem_cache_create{_usercopy} description proper kernel-doc
doc:process: add links where missing
docs/core-api: make mm-api.rst more structured
x86, boot: documentation whitespace fixup
Documentation: devres: note checking needs when converting
doc🇮🇹 add some process/* translations
doc🇮🇹 fixes in process/1.Intro
Documentation: convert path-lookup from markdown to resturctured text
Documentation/admin-guide: update admin-guide index.rst
Documentation/admin-guide: introduce perf-security.rst file
scripts/kernel-doc: Fix struct and struct field attribute processing
Documentation: dev-tools: Fix typos in index.rst
Correct gen_init_cpio tool's documentation
Document /proc/pid PID reuse behavior
Documentation: update path-lookup.md for parallel lookups
Documentation: Use "while" instead of "whilst"
dmaengine: Add mailing list address to the documentation
...
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Yangtao Li
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221d7da66c |
mm, slab: remove unnecessary unlikely()
WARN_ON() already contains an unlikely(), so it's not necessary to use unlikely. Also change WARN_ON() back to WARN_ON_ONCE() to avoid potentially spamming dmesg with user-triggerable large allocations. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/WARN_ON/WARN_ON_ONCE/, per Vlastimil] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181104125028.3572-1-tiny.windzz@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Yangtao Li <tiny.windzz@gmail.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrey Konovalov
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772a2fa50f |
kasan, mm: perform untagged pointers comparison in krealloc
The krealloc function checks where the same buffer was reused or a new one allocated by comparing kernel pointers. Tag-based KASAN changes memory tag on the krealloc'ed chunk of memory and therefore also changes the pointer tag of the returned pointer. Therefore we need to perform comparison on untagged (with tags reset) pointers to check whether it's the same memory region or not. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/14f6190d7846186a3506cd66d82446646fe65090.1544099024.git.andreyknvl@google.com Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrey Konovalov
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0116523cff |
kasan, mm: change hooks signatures
Patch series "kasan: add software tag-based mode for arm64", v13. This patchset adds a new software tag-based mode to KASAN [1]. (Initially this mode was called KHWASAN, but it got renamed, see the naming rationale at the end of this section). The plan is to implement HWASan [2] for the kernel with the incentive, that it's going to have comparable to KASAN performance, but in the same time consume much less memory, trading that off for somewhat imprecise bug detection and being supported only for arm64. The underlying ideas of the approach used by software tag-based KASAN are: 1. By using the Top Byte Ignore (TBI) arm64 CPU feature, we can store pointer tags in the top byte of each kernel pointer. 2. Using shadow memory, we can store memory tags for each chunk of kernel memory. 3. On each memory allocation, we can generate a random tag, embed it into the returned pointer and set the memory tags that correspond to this chunk of memory to the same value. 4. By using compiler instrumentation, before each memory access we can add a check that the pointer tag matches the tag of the memory that is being accessed. 5. On a tag mismatch we report an error. With this patchset the existing KASAN mode gets renamed to generic KASAN, with the word "generic" meaning that the implementation can be supported by any architecture as it is purely software. The new mode this patchset adds is called software tag-based KASAN. The word "tag-based" refers to the fact that this mode uses tags embedded into the top byte of kernel pointers and the TBI arm64 CPU feature that allows to dereference such pointers. The word "software" here means that shadow memory manipulation and tag checking on pointer dereference is done in software. As it is the only tag-based implementation right now, "software tag-based" KASAN is sometimes referred to as simply "tag-based" in this patchset. A potential expansion of this mode is a hardware tag-based mode, which would use hardware memory tagging support (announced by Arm [3]) instead of compiler instrumentation and manual shadow memory manipulation. Same as generic KASAN, software tag-based KASAN is strictly a debugging feature. [1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/dev-tools/kasan.html [2] http://clang.llvm.org/docs/HardwareAssistedAddressSanitizerDesign.html [3] https://community.arm.com/processors/b/blog/posts/arm-a-profile-architecture-2018-developments-armv85a ====== Rationale On mobile devices generic KASAN's memory usage is significant problem. One of the main reasons to have tag-based KASAN is to be able to perform a similar set of checks as the generic one does, but with lower memory requirements. Comment from Vishwath Mohan <vishwath@google.com>: I don't have data on-hand, but anecdotally both ASAN and KASAN have proven problematic to enable for environments that don't tolerate the increased memory pressure well. This includes (a) Low-memory form factors - Wear, TV, Things, lower-tier phones like Go, (c) Connected components like Pixel's visual core [1]. These are both places I'd love to have a low(er) memory footprint option at my disposal. Comment from Evgenii Stepanov <eugenis@google.com>: Looking at a live Android device under load, slab (according to /proc/meminfo) + kernel stack take 8-10% available RAM (~350MB). KASAN's overhead of 2x - 3x on top of it is not insignificant. Not having this overhead enables near-production use - ex. running KASAN/KHWASAN kernel on a personal, daily-use device to catch bugs that do not reproduce in test configuration. These are the ones that often cost the most engineering time to track down. CPU overhead is bad, but generally tolerable. RAM is critical, in our experience. Once it gets low enough, OOM-killer makes your life miserable. [1] https://www.blog.google/products/pixel/pixel-visual-core-image-processing-and-machine-learning-pixel-2/ ====== Technical details Software tag-based KASAN mode is implemented in a very similar way to the generic one. This patchset essentially does the following: 1. TCR_TBI1 is set to enable Top Byte Ignore. 2. Shadow memory is used (with a different scale, 1:16, so each shadow byte corresponds to 16 bytes of kernel memory) to store memory tags. 3. All slab objects are aligned to shadow scale, which is 16 bytes. 4. All pointers returned from the slab allocator are tagged with a random tag and the corresponding shadow memory is poisoned with the same value. 5. Compiler instrumentation is used to insert tag checks. Either by calling callbacks or by inlining them (CONFIG_KASAN_OUTLINE and CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE flags are reused). 6. When a tag mismatch is detected in callback instrumentation mode KASAN simply prints a bug report. In case of inline instrumentation, clang inserts a brk instruction, and KASAN has it's own brk handler, which reports the bug. 7. The memory in between slab objects is marked with a reserved tag, and acts as a redzone. 8. When a slab object is freed it's marked with a reserved tag. Bug detection is imprecise for two reasons: 1. We won't catch some small out-of-bounds accesses, that fall into the same shadow cell, as the last byte of a slab object. 2. We only have 1 byte to store tags, which means we have a 1/256 probability of a tag match for an incorrect access (actually even slightly less due to reserved tag values). Despite that there's a particular type of bugs that tag-based KASAN can detect compared to generic KASAN: use-after-free after the object has been allocated by someone else. ====== Testing Some kernel developers voiced a concern that changing the top byte of kernel pointers may lead to subtle bugs that are difficult to discover. To address this concern deliberate testing has been performed. It doesn't seem feasible to do some kind of static checking to find potential issues with pointer tagging, so a dynamic approach was taken. All pointer comparisons/subtractions have been instrumented in an LLVM compiler pass and a kernel module that would print a bug report whenever two pointers with different tags are being compared/subtracted (ignoring comparisons with NULL pointers and with pointers obtained by casting an error code to a pointer type) has been used. Then the kernel has been booted in QEMU and on an Odroid C2 board and syzkaller has been run. This yielded the following results. The two places that look interesting are: is_vmalloc_addr in include/linux/mm.h is_kernel_rodata in mm/util.c Here we compare a pointer with some fixed untagged values to make sure that the pointer lies in a particular part of the kernel address space. Since tag-based KASAN doesn't add tags to pointers that belong to rodata or vmalloc regions, this should work as is. To make sure debug checks to those two functions that check that the result doesn't change whether we operate on pointers with or without untagging has been added. A few other cases that don't look that interesting: Comparing pointers to achieve unique sorting order of pointee objects (e.g. sorting locks addresses before performing a double lock): tty_ldisc_lock_pair_timeout in drivers/tty/tty_ldisc.c pipe_double_lock in fs/pipe.c unix_state_double_lock in net/unix/af_unix.c lock_two_nondirectories in fs/inode.c mutex_lock_double in kernel/events/core.c ep_cmp_ffd in fs/eventpoll.c fsnotify_compare_groups fs/notify/mark.c Nothing needs to be done here, since the tags embedded into pointers don't change, so the sorting order would still be unique. Checks that a pointer belongs to some particular allocation: is_sibling_entry in lib/radix-tree.c object_is_on_stack in include/linux/sched/task_stack.h Nothing needs to be done here either, since two pointers can only belong to the same allocation if they have the same tag. Overall, since the kernel boots and works, there are no critical bugs. As for the rest, the traditional kernel testing way (use until fails) is the only one that looks feasible. Another point here is that tag-based KASAN is available under a separate config option that needs to be deliberately enabled. Even though it might be used in a "near-production" environment to find bugs that are not found during fuzzing or running tests, it is still a debug tool. ====== Benchmarks The following numbers were collected on Odroid C2 board. Both generic and tag-based KASAN were used in inline instrumentation mode. Boot time [1]: * ~1.7 sec for clean kernel * ~5.0 sec for generic KASAN * ~5.0 sec for tag-based KASAN Network performance [2]: * 8.33 Gbits/sec for clean kernel * 3.17 Gbits/sec for generic KASAN * 2.85 Gbits/sec for tag-based KASAN Slab memory usage after boot [3]: * ~40 kb for clean kernel * ~105 kb (~260% overhead) for generic KASAN * ~47 kb (~20% overhead) for tag-based KASAN KASAN memory overhead consists of three main parts: 1. Increased slab memory usage due to redzones. 2. Shadow memory (the whole reserved once during boot). 3. Quaratine (grows gradually until some preset limit; the more the limit, the more the chance to detect a use-after-free). Comparing tag-based vs generic KASAN for each of these points: 1. 20% vs 260% overhead. 2. 1/16th vs 1/8th of physical memory. 3. Tag-based KASAN doesn't require quarantine. [1] Time before the ext4 driver is initialized. [2] Measured as `iperf -s & iperf -c 127.0.0.1 -t 30`. [3] Measured as `cat /proc/meminfo | grep Slab`. ====== Some notes A few notes: 1. The patchset can be found here: https://github.com/xairy/kasan-prototype/tree/khwasan 2. Building requires a recent Clang version (7.0.0 or later). 3. Stack instrumentation is not supported yet and will be added later. This patch (of 25): Tag-based KASAN changes the value of the top byte of pointers returned from the kernel allocation functions (such as kmalloc). This patch updates KASAN hooks signatures and their usage in SLAB and SLUB code to reflect that. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/aec2b5e3973781ff8a6bb6760f8543643202c451.1544099024.git.andreyknvl@google.com Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mike Rapoport
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f496990f1f |
slab: make kmem_cache_create{_usercopy} description proper kernel-doc
Add the description for kmem_cache_create, fixup the return value paragraph and make both kmem_cache_create and add the second '*' to the comment opening. Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> |
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Paul E. McKenney
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6564a25e6c |
slab: Replace synchronize_sched() with synchronize_rcu()
Now that synchronize_rcu() waits for preempt-disable regions of code as well as RCU read-side critical sections, synchronize_sched() can be replaced by synchronize_rcu(). This commit therefore makes this change. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: <linux-mm@kvack.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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f0d7787414 |
mm, slab: shorten kmalloc cache names for large sizes
Kmalloc cache names can get quite long for large object sizes, when the sizes are expressed in bytes. Use 'k' and 'M' prefixes to make the names as short as possible e.g. in /proc/slabinfo. This works, as we mostly use power-of-two sizes, with exceptions only below 1k. Example: 'kmalloc-4194304' becomes 'kmalloc-4M' Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180731090649.16028-7-vbabka@suse.cz Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@linaro.org> Cc: Vijayanand Jitta <vjitta@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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1291523f2c |
mm, slab/slub: introduce kmalloc-reclaimable caches
Kmem caches can be created with a SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT flag, which
indicates they contain objects which can be reclaimed under memory
pressure (typically through a shrinker). This makes the slab pages
accounted as NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE in vmstat, which is reflected also the
MemAvailable meminfo counter and in overcommit decisions. The slab pages
are also allocated with __GFP_RECLAIMABLE, which is good for
anti-fragmentation through grouping pages by mobility.
The generic kmalloc-X caches are created without this flag, but sometimes
are used also for objects that can be reclaimed, which due to varying size
cannot have a dedicated kmem cache with SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT flag. A
prominent example are dcache external names, which prompted the creation
of a new, manually managed vmstat counter NR_INDIRECTLY_RECLAIMABLE_BYTES
in commit
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Vlastimil Babka
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cc252eae85 |
mm, slab: combine kmalloc_caches and kmalloc_dma_caches
Patch series "kmalloc-reclaimable caches", v4. As discussed at LSF/MM [1] here's a patchset that introduces kmalloc-reclaimable caches (more details in the second patch) and uses them for dcache external names. That allows us to repurpose the NR_INDIRECTLY_RECLAIMABLE_BYTES counter later in the series. With patch 3/6, dcache external names are allocated from kmalloc-rcl-* caches, eliminating the need for manual accounting. More importantly, it also ensures the reclaimable kmalloc allocations are grouped in pages separate from the regular kmalloc allocations. The need for proper accounting of dcache external names has shown it's easy for misbehaving process to allocate lots of them, causing premature OOMs. Without the added grouping, it's likely that a similar workload can interleave the dcache external names allocations with regular kmalloc allocations (note: I haven't searched myself for an example of such regular kmalloc allocation, but I would be very surprised if there wasn't some). A pathological case would be e.g. one 64byte regular allocations with 63 external dcache names in a page (64x64=4096), which means the page is not freed even after reclaiming after all dcache names, and the process can thus "steal" the whole page with single 64byte allocation. If other kmalloc users similar to dcache external names become identified, they can also benefit from the new functionality simply by adding __GFP_RECLAIMABLE to the kmalloc calls. Side benefits of the patchset (that could be also merged separately) include removed branch for detecting __GFP_DMA kmalloc(), and shortening kmalloc cache names in /proc/slabinfo output. The latter is potentially an ABI break in case there are tools parsing the names and expecting the values to be in bytes. This is how /proc/slabinfo looks like after booting in virtme: ... kmalloc-rcl-4M 0 0 4194304 1 1024 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 ... kmalloc-rcl-96 7 32 128 32 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 1 1 0 kmalloc-rcl-64 25 128 64 64 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 2 2 0 kmalloc-rcl-32 0 0 32 124 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 0 0 0 kmalloc-4M 0 0 4194304 1 1024 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 kmalloc-2M 0 0 2097152 1 512 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 kmalloc-1M 0 0 1048576 1 256 : tunables 1 1 0 : slabdata 0 0 0 ... /proc/vmstat with renamed nr_indirectly_reclaimable_bytes counter: ... nr_slab_reclaimable 2817 nr_slab_unreclaimable 1781 ... nr_kernel_misc_reclaimable 0 ... /proc/meminfo with new KReclaimable counter: ... Shmem: 564 kB KReclaimable: 11260 kB Slab: 18368 kB SReclaimable: 11260 kB SUnreclaim: 7108 kB KernelStack: 1248 kB ... This patch (of 6): The kmalloc caches currently mainain separate (optional) array kmalloc_dma_caches for __GFP_DMA allocations. There are tests for __GFP_DMA in the allocation hotpaths. We can avoid the branches by combining kmalloc_caches and kmalloc_dma_caches into a single two-dimensional array where the outer dimension is cache "type". This will also allow to add kmalloc-reclaimable caches as a third type. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180731090649.16028-2-vbabka@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@linaro.org> Cc: Vijayanand Jitta <vjitta@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Dmitry Vyukov
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61448479a9 |
mm: don't warn about large allocations for slab
Slub does not call kmalloc_slab() for sizes > KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE, instead it falls back to kmalloc_large(). For slab KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE == KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE and it calls kmalloc_slab() for all allocations relying on NULL return value for over-sized allocations. This inconsistency leads to unwanted warnings from kmalloc_slab() for over-sized allocations for slab. Returning NULL for failed allocations is the expected behavior. Make slub and slab code consistent by checking size > KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE in slab before calling kmalloc_slab(). While we are here also fix the check in kmalloc_slab(). We should check against KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE rather than KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE. It all kinda worked because for slab the constants are the same, and slub always checks the size against KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE before kmalloc_slab(). But if we get there with size > KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE anyhow bad things will happen. For example, in case of a newly introduced bug in slub code. Also move the check in kmalloc_slab() from function entry to the size > 192 case. This partially compensates for the additional check in slab code and makes slub code a bit faster (at least theoretically). Also drop __GFP_NOWARN in the warning check. This warning means a bug in slab code itself, user-passed flags have nothing to do with it. Nothing of this affects slob. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180927171502.226522-1-dvyukov@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reported-by: syzbot+87829a10073277282ad1@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Reported-by: syzbot+ef4e8fc3a06e9019bb40@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Reported-by: syzbot+6e438f4036df52cbb863@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Reported-by: syzbot+8574471d8734457d98aa@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Reported-by: syzbot+af1504df0807a083dbd9@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Kirill Tkhai
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84c07d11aa |
mm: introduce CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM as combination of CONFIG_MEMCG && !CONFIG_SLOB
Introduce new config option, which is used to replace repeating CONFIG_MEMCG && !CONFIG_SLOB pattern. Next patches add a little more memcg+kmem related code, so let's keep the defines more clearly. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/153063053670.1818.15013136946600481138.stgit@localhost.localdomain Signed-off-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Tested-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com> Cc: Li RongQing <lirongqing@baidu.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Cc: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Mikulas Patocka
|
d50d82faa0 |
slub: fix failure when we delete and create a slab cache
In kernel 4.17 I removed some code from dm-bufio that did slab cache
merging (commit
|
||
Joe Perches
|
0825a6f986 |
mm: use octal not symbolic permissions
mm/*.c files use symbolic and octal styles for permissions. Using octal and not symbolic permissions is preferred by many as more readable. https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/8/2/1945 Prefer the direct use of octal for permissions. Done using $ scripts/checkpatch.pl -f --types=SYMBOLIC_PERMS --fix-inplace mm/*.c and some typing. Before: $ git grep -P -w "0[0-7]{3,3}" mm | wc -l 44 After: $ git grep -P -w "0[0-7]{3,3}" mm | wc -l 86 Miscellanea: o Whitespace neatening around these conversions. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2e032ef111eebcd4c5952bae86763b541d373469.1522102887.git.joe@perches.com Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Shakeel Butt
|
92ee383f6d |
mm: fix race between kmem_cache destroy, create and deactivate
The memcg kmem cache creation and deactivation (SLUB only) is asynchronous. If a root kmem cache is destroyed whose memcg cache is in the process of creation or deactivation, the kernel may crash. Example of one such crash: general protection fault: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI CPU: 1 PID: 1721 Comm: kworker/14:1 Not tainted 4.17.0-smp ... Workqueue: memcg_kmem_cache kmemcg_deactivate_workfn RIP: 0010:has_cpu_slab ... Call Trace: ? on_each_cpu_cond __kmem_cache_shrink kmemcg_cache_deact_after_rcu kmemcg_deactivate_workfn process_one_work worker_thread kthread ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 To fix this race, on root kmem cache destruction, mark the cache as dying and flush the workqueue used for memcg kmem cache creation and deactivation. SLUB's memcg kmem cache deactivation also includes RCU callback and thus make sure all previous registered RCU callbacks have completed as well. [shakeelb@google.com: handle the RCU callbacks for SLUB deactivation] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180611192951.195727-1-shakeelb@google.com [shakeelb@google.com: add more documentation, rename fields for readability] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180522201336.196994-1-shakeelb@google.com [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build, per Shakeel] [shakeelb@google.com: v3. Instead of refcount, flush the workqueue] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180530001204.183758-1-shakeelb@google.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180521174116.171846-1-shakeelb@google.com Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Howard McLauchlan
|
4f6923fbb3 |
mm: make should_failslab always available for fault injection
should_failslab() is a convenient function to hook into for directed
error injection into kmalloc(). However, it is only available if a
config flag is set.
The following BCC script, for example, fails kmalloc() calls after a
btrfs umount:
from bcc import BPF
prog = r"""
BPF_HASH(flag);
#include <linux/mm.h>
int kprobe__btrfs_close_devices(void *ctx) {
u64 key = 1;
flag.update(&key, &key);
return 0;
}
int kprobe__should_failslab(struct pt_regs *ctx) {
u64 key = 1;
u64 *res;
res = flag.lookup(&key);
if (res != 0) {
bpf_override_return(ctx, -ENOMEM);
}
return 0;
}
"""
b = BPF(text=prog)
while 1:
b.kprobe_poll()
This patch refactors the should_failslab implementation so that the
function is always available for error injection, independent of flags.
This change would be similar in nature to commit f5490d3ec921 ("block:
Add should_fail_bio() for bpf error injection").
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180222020320.6944-1-hmclauchlan@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Howard McLauchlan <hmclauchlan@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@fb.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
|
Mikulas Patocka
|
1ba586de22 |
mm/slab_common.c: remove test if cache name is accessible
Since commit
|
||
|
Shakeel Butt
|
613a5eb567 |
slab, slub: remove size disparity on debug kernel
I have noticed on debug kernel with SLAB, the size of some non-root
slabs were larger than their corresponding root slabs.
e.g. for radix_tree_node:
$cat /proc/slabinfo | grep radix
name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> <objperslab> <pagesperslab> ...
radix_tree_node 15052 15075 4096 1 1 ...
$cat /cgroup/memory/temp/memory.kmem.slabinfo | grep radix
name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> <objperslab> <pagesperslab> ...
radix_tree_node 1581 158 4120 1 2 ...
However for SLUB in debug kernel, the sizes were same. On further
inspection it is found that SLUB always use kmem_cache.object_size to
measure the kmem_cache.size while SLAB use the given kmem_cache.size.
In the debug kernel the slab's size can be larger than its object_size.
Thus in the creation of non-root slab, the SLAB uses the root's size as
base to calculate the non-root slab's size and thus non-root slab's size
can be larger than the root slab's size. For SLUB, the non-root slab's
size is measured based on the root's object_size and thus the size will
remain same for root and non-root slab.
This patch makes slab's object_size the default base to measure the
slab's size.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313165428.58699-1-shakeelb@google.com
Fixes:
|
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
302d55d51d |
slab: use 32-bit arithmetic in freelist_randomize()
SLAB doesn't support 4GB+ of objects per slab, therefore randomization doesn't need size_t. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-25-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
7bbdb81ee3 |
slab: make usercopy region 32-bit
If kmem case sizes are 32-bit, then usecopy region should be too. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-21-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
1b473f29d5 |
slub: make ->object_size unsigned int
Linux doesn't support negative length objects. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-17-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
ac914d08bb |
slab: make size_index_elem() unsigned int
size_index_elem() always works with small sizes (kmalloc caches are 32-bit) and returns small indexes. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-8-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
d5f866550d |
slab: make size_index[] array u8
All those small numbers are reverse indexes into kmalloc caches array and can't be negative. On x86_64 "unsigned int = fls()" can drop CDQE instruction: add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-2 (-2) Function old new delta kmalloc_slab 101 99 -2 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-7-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
f4957d5bd0 |
slab: make kmem_cache_create() work with 32-bit sizes
struct kmem_cache::size and ::align were always 32-bit. Out of curiosity I created 4GB kmem_cache, it oopsed with division by 0. kmem_cache_create(1UL<<32+1) created 1-byte cache as expected. size_t doesn't work and never did. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-6-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
361d575e5c |
slab: make create_boot_cache() work with 32-bit sizes
struct kmem_cache::size has always been "int", all those "size_t size" are fake. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-5-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
55de8b9c60 |
slab: make create_kmalloc_cache() work with 32-bit sizes
KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE is 32-bit so is the largest kmalloc cache size. Christoph said: : : Ok SLABs maximum allocation size is limited to 32M (see : include/linux/slab.h: : : #define KMALLOC_SHIFT_HIGH ((MAX_ORDER + PAGE_SHIFT - 1) <= 25 ? \ : (MAX_ORDER + PAGE_SHIFT - 1) : 25) : : And SLUB/SLOB pass all larger requests to the page allocator anyways. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-4-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
0be70327ec |
slab: make kmalloc_size() return "unsigned int"
kmalloc_size() derives size of kmalloc cache from internal index, which can't be negative. Propagate unsignedness a bit. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-3-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
c86305743b |
slab: fixup calculate_alignment() argument type
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-1-adobriyan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexey Dobriyan
|
1c99ba2918 |
mm/slab_common.c: mark kmalloc machinery as __ro_after_init
kmalloc caches aren't relocated after being set up neither does "size_index" array. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180226203519.GA6886@avx2 Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Linus Torvalds
|
617aebe6a9 |
Currently, hardened usercopy performs dynamic bounds checking on slab
cache objects. This is good, but still leaves a lot of kernel memory available to be copied to/from userspace in the face of bugs. To further restrict what memory is available for copying, this creates a way to whitelist specific areas of a given slab cache object for copying to/from userspace, allowing much finer granularity of access control. Slab caches that are never exposed to userspace can declare no whitelist for their objects, thereby keeping them unavailable to userspace via dynamic copy operations. (Note, an implicit form of whitelisting is the use of constant sizes in usercopy operations and get_user()/put_user(); these bypass all hardened usercopy checks since these sizes cannot change at runtime.) This new check is WARN-by-default, so any mistakes can be found over the next several releases without breaking anyone's system. The series has roughly the following sections: - remove %p and improve reporting with offset - prepare infrastructure and whitelist kmalloc - update VFS subsystem with whitelists - update SCSI subsystem with whitelists - update network subsystem with whitelists - update process memory with whitelists - update per-architecture thread_struct with whitelists - update KVM with whitelists and fix ioctl bug - mark all other allocations as not whitelisted - update lkdtm for more sensible test overage -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 Comment: Kees Cook <kees@outflux.net> iQIcBAABCgAGBQJabvleAAoJEIly9N/cbcAmO1kQAJnjVPutnLSbnUteZxtsv7W4 43Cggvokfxr6l08Yh3hUowNxZVKjhF9uwMVgRRg9Nl5WdYCN+vCQbHz+ZdzGJXKq cGqdKWgexMKX+aBdNDrK7BphUeD46sH7JWR+a/lDV/BgPxBCm9i5ZZCgXbPP89AZ NpLBji7gz49wMsnm/x135xtNlZ3dG0oKETzi7MiR+NtKtUGvoIszSKy5JdPZ4m8q 9fnXmHqmwM6uQFuzDJPt1o+D1fusTuYnjI7EgyrJRRhQ+BB3qEFZApXnKNDRS9Dm uB7jtcwefJCjlZVCf2+PWTOEifH2WFZXLPFlC8f44jK6iRW2Nc+wVRisJ3vSNBG1 gaRUe/FSge68eyfQj5OFiwM/2099MNkKdZ0fSOjEBeubQpiFChjgWgcOXa5Bhlrr C4CIhFV2qg/tOuHDAF+Q5S96oZkaTy5qcEEwhBSW15ySDUaRWFSrtboNt6ZVOhug d8JJvDCQWoNu1IQozcbv6xW/Rk7miy8c0INZ4q33YUvIZpH862+vgDWfTJ73Zy9H jR/8eG6t3kFHKS1vWdKZzOX1bEcnd02CGElFnFYUEewKoV7ZeeLsYX7zodyUAKyi Yp5CImsDbWWTsptBg6h9nt2TseXTxYCt2bbmpJcqzsqSCUwOQNQ4/YpuzLeG0ihc JgOmUnQNJWCTwUUw5AS1 =tzmJ -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'usercopy-v4.16-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux Pull hardened usercopy whitelisting from Kees Cook: "Currently, hardened usercopy performs dynamic bounds checking on slab cache objects. This is good, but still leaves a lot of kernel memory available to be copied to/from userspace in the face of bugs. To further restrict what memory is available for copying, this creates a way to whitelist specific areas of a given slab cache object for copying to/from userspace, allowing much finer granularity of access control. Slab caches that are never exposed to userspace can declare no whitelist for their objects, thereby keeping them unavailable to userspace via dynamic copy operations. (Note, an implicit form of whitelisting is the use of constant sizes in usercopy operations and get_user()/put_user(); these bypass all hardened usercopy checks since these sizes cannot change at runtime.) This new check is WARN-by-default, so any mistakes can be found over the next several releases without breaking anyone's system. The series has roughly the following sections: - remove %p and improve reporting with offset - prepare infrastructure and whitelist kmalloc - update VFS subsystem with whitelists - update SCSI subsystem with whitelists - update network subsystem with whitelists - update process memory with whitelists - update per-architecture thread_struct with whitelists - update KVM with whitelists and fix ioctl bug - mark all other allocations as not whitelisted - update lkdtm for more sensible test overage" * tag 'usercopy-v4.16-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux: (38 commits) lkdtm: Update usercopy tests for whitelisting usercopy: Restrict non-usercopy caches to size 0 kvm: x86: fix KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG ioctl kvm: whitelist struct kvm_vcpu_arch arm: Implement thread_struct whitelist for hardened usercopy arm64: Implement thread_struct whitelist for hardened usercopy x86: Implement thread_struct whitelist for hardened usercopy fork: Provide usercopy whitelisting for task_struct fork: Define usercopy region in thread_stack slab caches fork: Define usercopy region in mm_struct slab caches net: Restrict unwhitelisted proto caches to size 0 sctp: Copy struct sctp_sock.autoclose to userspace using put_user() sctp: Define usercopy region in SCTP proto slab cache caif: Define usercopy region in caif proto slab cache ip: Define usercopy region in IP proto slab cache net: Define usercopy region in struct proto slab cache scsi: Define usercopy region in scsi_sense_cache slab cache cifs: Define usercopy region in cifs_request slab cache vxfs: Define usercopy region in vxfs_inode slab cache ufs: Define usercopy region in ufs_inode_cache slab cache ... |
||
Byongho Lee
|
692ae74aaf |
mm/slab_common.c: make calculate_alignment() static
calculate_alignment() function is only used inside slab_common.c. So
make it static and let the compiler do more optimizations.
After this patch there's a small improvement in text and data size.
$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 7.2.1 20171128
Before:
text data bss dec hex filename
9890457 3828702 1212364 14931523 e3d643 vmlinux
After:
text data bss dec hex filename
9890437 3828670 1212364 14931471 e3d60f vmlinux
Also I fixed a style problem reported by checkpatch.
WARNING: Missing a blank line after declarations
#53: FILE: mm/slab_common.c:286:
+ unsigned long ralign = cache_line_size();
+ while (size <= ralign / 2)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171210080132.406-1-bhlee.kernel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Byongho Lee <bhlee.kernel@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
Kees Cook
|
6d07d1cd30 |
usercopy: Restrict non-usercopy caches to size 0
With all known usercopied cache whitelists now defined in the kernel, switch the default usercopy region of kmem_cache_create() to size 0. Any new caches with usercopy regions will now need to use kmem_cache_create_usercopy() instead of kmem_cache_create(). This patch is modified from Brad Spengler/PaX Team's PAX_USERCOPY whitelisting code in the last public patch of grsecurity/PaX based on my understanding of the code. Changes or omissions from the original code are mine and don't reflect the original grsecurity/PaX code. Cc: David Windsor <dave@nullcore.net> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> |
||
David Windsor
|
6c0c21adc7 |
usercopy: Mark kmalloc caches as usercopy caches
Mark the kmalloc slab caches as entirely whitelisted. These caches are frequently used to fulfill kernel allocations that contain data to be copied to/from userspace. Internal-only uses are also common, but are scattered in the kernel. For now, mark all the kmalloc caches as whitelisted. This patch is modified from Brad Spengler/PaX Team's PAX_USERCOPY whitelisting code in the last public patch of grsecurity/PaX based on my understanding of the code. Changes or omissions from the original code are mine and don't reflect the original grsecurity/PaX code. Signed-off-by: David Windsor <dave@nullcore.net> [kees: merged in moved kmalloc hunks, adjust commit log] Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> |
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|
Kees Cook
|
2d891fbc3b |
usercopy: Allow strict enforcement of whitelists
This introduces CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY_FALLBACK to control the behavior of hardened usercopy whitelist violations. By default, whitelist violations will continue to WARN() so that any bad or missing usercopy whitelists can be discovered without being too disruptive. If this config is disabled at build time or a system is booted with "slab_common.usercopy_fallback=0", usercopy whitelists will BUG() instead of WARN(). This is useful for admins that want to use usercopy whitelists immediately. Suggested-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> |
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|
David Windsor
|
8eb8284b41 |
usercopy: Prepare for usercopy whitelisting
This patch prepares the slab allocator to handle caches having annotations
(useroffset and usersize) defining usercopy regions.
This patch is modified from Brad Spengler/PaX Team's PAX_USERCOPY
whitelisting code in the last public patch of grsecurity/PaX based on
my understanding of the code. Changes or omissions from the original
code are mine and don't reflect the original grsecurity/PaX code.
Currently, hardened usercopy performs dynamic bounds checking on slab
cache objects. This is good, but still leaves a lot of kernel memory
available to be copied to/from userspace in the face of bugs. To further
restrict what memory is available for copying, this creates a way to
whitelist specific areas of a given slab cache object for copying to/from
userspace, allowing much finer granularity of access control. Slab caches
that are never exposed to userspace can declare no whitelist for their
objects, thereby keeping them unavailable to userspace via dynamic copy
operations. (Note, an implicit form of whitelisting is the use of constant
sizes in usercopy operations and get_user()/put_user(); these bypass
hardened usercopy checks since these sizes cannot change at runtime.)
To support this whitelist annotation, usercopy region offset and size
members are added to struct kmem_cache. The slab allocator receives a
new function, kmem_cache_create_usercopy(), that creates a new cache
with a usercopy region defined, suitable for declaring spans of fields
within the objects that get copied to/from userspace.
In this patch, the default kmem_cache_create() marks the entire allocation
as whitelisted, leaving it semantically unchanged. Once all fine-grained
whitelists have been added (in subsequent patches), this will be changed
to a usersize of 0, making caches created with kmem_cache_create() not
copyable to/from userspace.
After the entire usercopy whitelist series is applied, less than 15%
of the slab cache memory remains exposed to potential usercopy bugs
after a fresh boot:
Total Slab Memory: 48074720
Usercopyable Memory: 6367532 13.2%
task_struct 0.2% 4480/1630720
RAW 0.3% 300/96000
RAWv6 2.1% 1408/64768
ext4_inode_cache 3.0% 269760/8740224
dentry 11.1% 585984/5273856
mm_struct 29.1% 54912/188448
kmalloc-8 100.0% 24576/24576
kmalloc-16 100.0% 28672/28672
kmalloc-32 100.0% 81920/81920
kmalloc-192 100.0% 96768/96768
kmalloc-128 100.0% 143360/143360
names_cache 100.0% 163840/163840
kmalloc-64 100.0% 167936/167936
kmalloc-256 100.0% 339968/339968
kmalloc-512 100.0% 350720/350720
kmalloc-96 100.0% 455616/455616
kmalloc-8192 100.0% 655360/655360
kmalloc-1024 100.0% 812032/812032
kmalloc-4096 100.0% 819200/819200
kmalloc-2048 100.0% 1310720/1310720
After some kernel build workloads, the percentage (mainly driven by
dentry and inode caches expanding) drops under 10%:
Total Slab Memory: 95516184
Usercopyable Memory: 8497452 8.8%
task_struct 0.2% 4000/1456000
RAW 0.3% 300/96000
RAWv6 2.1% 1408/64768
ext4_inode_cache 3.0% 1217280/39439872
dentry 11.1% 1623200/14608800
mm_struct 29.1% 73216/251264
kmalloc-8 100.0% 24576/24576
kmalloc-16 100.0% 28672/28672
kmalloc-32 100.0% 94208/94208
kmalloc-192 100.0% 96768/96768
kmalloc-128 100.0% 143360/143360
names_cache 100.0% 163840/163840
kmalloc-64 100.0% 245760/245760
kmalloc-256 100.0% 339968/339968
kmalloc-512 100.0% 350720/350720
kmalloc-96 100.0% 563520/563520
kmalloc-8192 100.0% 655360/655360
kmalloc-1024 100.0% 794624/794624
kmalloc-4096 100.0% 819200/819200
kmalloc-2048 100.0% 1257472/1257472
Signed-off-by: David Windsor <dave@nullcore.net>
[kees: adjust commit log, split out a few extra kmalloc hunks]
[kees: add field names to function declarations]
[kees: convert BUGs to WARNs and fail closed]
[kees: add attack surface reduction analysis to commit log]
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
|
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Levin, Alexander (Sasha Levin)
|
75f296d93b |
kmemcheck: stop using GFP_NOTRACK and SLAB_NOTRACK
Convert all allocations that used a NOTRACK flag to stop using it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171007030159.22241-3-alexander.levin@verizon.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Tim Hansen <devtimhansen@gmail.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegardno@ifi.uio.no> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Alexey Dobriyan
|
d50112edde |
slab, slub, slob: add slab_flags_t
Add sparse-checked slab_flags_t for struct kmem_cache::flags (SLAB_POISON, etc). SLAB is bloated temporarily by switching to "unsigned long", but only temporarily. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171021100225.GA22428@avx2 Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Yang Shi
|
852d8be0ad |
mm: oom: show unreclaimable slab info when unreclaimable slabs > user memory
The kernel may panic when an oom happens without killable process sometimes it is caused by huge unreclaimable slabs used by kernel. Although kdump could help debug such problem, however, kdump is not available on all architectures and it might be malfunction sometime. And, since kernel already panic it is worthy capturing such information in dmesg to aid touble shooting. Print out unreclaimable slab info (used size and total size) which actual memory usage is not zero (num_objs * size != 0) when unreclaimable slabs amount is greater than total user memory (LRU pages). The output looks like: Unreclaimable slab info: Name Used Total rpc_buffers 31KB 31KB rpc_tasks 7KB 7KB ebitmap_node 1964KB 1964KB avtab_node 5024KB 5024KB xfs_buf 1402KB 1402KB xfs_ili 134KB 134KB xfs_efi_item 115KB 115KB xfs_efd_item 115KB 115KB xfs_buf_item 134KB 134KB xfs_log_item_desc 342KB 342KB xfs_trans 1412KB 1412KB xfs_ifork 212KB 212KB [yang.s@alibaba-inc.com: v11] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1507656303-103845-4-git-send-email-yang.s@alibaba-inc.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1507152550-46205-4-git-send-email-yang.s@alibaba-inc.com Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.s@alibaba-inc.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Yang Shi
|
5b36577109 |
mm: slabinfo: remove CONFIG_SLABINFO
According to discussion with Christoph (https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=150695909709711&w=2), it sounds like it is pointless to keep CONFIG_SLABINFO around. This patch removes the CONFIG_SLABINFO config option, but /proc/slabinfo is still available. [yang.s@alibaba-inc.com: v11] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1507656303-103845-3-git-send-email-yang.s@alibaba-inc.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1507152550-46205-3-git-send-email-yang.s@alibaba-inc.com Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.s@alibaba-inc.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Greg Kroah-Hartman
|
b24413180f |
License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> |
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Johannes Weiner
|
f80c7dab95 |
mm: memcontrol: use vmalloc fallback for large kmem memcg arrays
For quick per-memcg indexing, slab caches and list_lru structures maintain linear arrays of descriptors. As the number of concurrent memory cgroups in the system goes up, this requires large contiguous allocations (8k cgroups = order-5, 16k cgroups = order-6 etc.) for every existing slab cache and list_lru, which can easily fail on loaded systems. E.g.: mkdir: page allocation failure: order:5, mode:0x14040c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_COMP), nodemask=(null) CPU: 1 PID: 6399 Comm: mkdir Not tainted 4.13.0-mm1-00065-g720bbe532b7c-dirty #481 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-20170228_101828-anatol 04/01/2014 Call Trace: ? __alloc_pages_direct_compact+0x4c/0x110 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xf50/0x1430 alloc_pages_current+0x60/0xc0 kmalloc_order_trace+0x29/0x1b0 __kmalloc+0x1f4/0x320 memcg_update_all_list_lrus+0xca/0x2e0 mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0x612/0x670 cgroup_apply_control_enable+0x19e/0x360 cgroup_mkdir+0x322/0x490 kernfs_iop_mkdir+0x55/0x80 vfs_mkdir+0xd0/0x120 SyS_mkdirat+0x6c/0xe0 SyS_mkdir+0x14/0x20 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x18/0xad Mem-Info: active_anon:2965 inactive_anon:19 isolated_anon:0 active_file:100270 inactive_file:98846 isolated_file:0 unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0 slab_reclaimable:7328 slab_unreclaimable:16402 mapped:771 shmem:52 pagetables:278 bounce:0 free:13718 free_pcp:0 free_cma:0 This output is from an artificial reproducer, but we have repeatedly observed order-7 failures in production in the Facebook fleet. These systems become useless as they cannot run more jobs, even though there is plenty of memory to allocate 128 individual pages. Use kvmalloc and kvzalloc to fall back to vmalloc space if these arrays prove too large for allocating them physically contiguous. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170918184919.20644-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Kees Cook
|
7660a6fddc |
mm: allow slab_nomerge to be set at build time
Some hardened environments want to build kernels with slab_nomerge already set (so that they do not depend on remembering to set the kernel command line option). This is desired to reduce the risk of kernel heap overflows being able to overwrite objects from merged caches and changes the requirements for cache layout control, increasing the difficulty of these attacks. By keeping caches unmerged, these kinds of exploits can usually only damage objects in the same cache (though the risk to metadata exploitation is unchanged). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170620230911.GA25238@beast Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com> Cc: David Windsor <dave@nullcore.net> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com> Cc: David Windsor <dave@nullcore.net> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Daniel Mack <daniel@zonque.org> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Paul E. McKenney
|
5f0d5a3ae7 |
mm: Rename SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU
A group of Linux kernel hackers reported chasing a bug that resulted from their assumption that SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU provided an existence guarantee, that is, that no block from such a slab would be reallocated during an RCU read-side critical section. Of course, that is not the case. Instead, SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU only prevents freeing of an entire slab of blocks. However, there is a phrase for this, namely "type safety". This commit therefore renames SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU in order to avoid future instances of this sort of confusion. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: <linux-mm@kvack.org> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> [ paulmck: Add comments mentioning the old name, as requested by Eric Dumazet, in order to help people familiar with the old name find the new one. ] Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> |
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Greg Thelen
|
f9fa1d919c |
kasan: drain quarantine of memcg slab objects
Per memcg slab accounting and kasan have a problem with kmem_cache
destruction.
- kmem_cache_create() allocates a kmem_cache, which is used for
allocations from processes running in root (top) memcg.
- Processes running in non root memcg and allocating with either
__GFP_ACCOUNT or from a SLAB_ACCOUNT cache use a per memcg
kmem_cache.
- Kasan catches use-after-free by having kfree() and kmem_cache_free()
defer freeing of objects. Objects are placed in a quarantine.
- kmem_cache_destroy() destroys root and non root kmem_caches. It takes
care to drain the quarantine of objects from the root memcg's
kmem_cache, but ignores objects associated with non root memcg. This
causes leaks because quarantined per memcg objects refer to per memcg
kmem cache being destroyed.
To see the problem:
1) create a slab cache with kmem_cache_create(,,,SLAB_ACCOUNT,)
2) from non root memcg, allocate and free a few objects from cache
3) dispose of the cache with kmem_cache_destroy() kmem_cache_destroy()
will trigger a "Slab cache still has objects" warning indicating
that the per memcg kmem_cache structure was leaked.
Fix the leak by draining kasan quarantined objects allocated from non
root memcg.
Racing memcg deletion is tricky, but handled. kmem_cache_destroy() =>
shutdown_memcg_caches() => __shutdown_memcg_cache() => shutdown_cache()
flushes per memcg quarantined objects, even if that memcg has been
rmdir'd and gone through memcg_deactivate_kmem_caches().
This leak only affects destroyed SLAB_ACCOUNT kmem caches when kasan is
enabled. So I don't think it's worth patching stable kernels.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1482257462-36948-1-git-send-email-gthelen@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
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Tejun Heo
|
17cc4dfeda |
slab: use memcg_kmem_cache_wq for slab destruction operations
If there's contention on slab_mutex, queueing the per-cache destruction work item on the system_wq can unnecessarily create and tie up a lot of kworkers. Rename memcg_kmem_cache_create_wq to memcg_kmem_cache_wq and make it global and use that workqueue for the destruction work items too. While at it, convert the workqueue from an unbound workqueue to a per-cpu one with concurrency limited to 1. It's generally preferable to use per-cpu workqueues and concurrency limit of 1 is safe enough. This is suggested by Joonsoo Kim. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-11-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@tarantool.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Tejun Heo
|
01fb58bcba |
slab: remove synchronous synchronize_sched() from memcg cache deactivation path
With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. This is one of the patches to address the issue. slub uses synchronize_sched() to deactivate a memcg cache. synchronize_sched() is an expensive and slow operation and doesn't scale when a huge number of caches are destroyed back-to-back. While there used to be a simple batching mechanism, the batching was too restricted to be helpful. This patch implements slab_deactivate_memcg_cache_rcu_sched() which slub can use to schedule sched RCU callback instead of performing synchronize_sched() synchronously while holding cgroup_mutex. While this adds online cpus, mems and slab_mutex operations, operating on these locks back-to-back from the same kworker, which is what's gonna happen when there are many to deactivate, isn't expensive at all and this gets rid of the scalability problem completely. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-9-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Tejun Heo
|
c9fc586403 |
slab: introduce __kmemcg_cache_deactivate()
__kmem_cache_shrink() is called with %true @deactivate only for memcg caches. Remove @deactivate from __kmem_cache_shrink() and introduce __kmemcg_cache_deactivate() instead. Each memcg-supporting allocator should implement it and it should deactivate and drain the cache. This is to allow memcg cache deactivation behavior to further deviate from simple shrinking without messing up __kmem_cache_shrink(). This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any observable behavior changes. v2: Dropped unnecessary ifdef in mm/slab.h as suggested by Vladimir. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-8-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Tejun Heo
|
510ded33e0 |
slab: implement slab_root_caches list
With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. This is one of the patches to address the issue. slab_caches currently lists all caches including root and memcg ones. This is the only data structure which lists the root caches and iterating root caches can only be done by walking the list while skipping over memcg caches. As there can be a huge number of memcg caches, this can become very expensive. This also can make /proc/slabinfo behave very badly. seq_file processes reads in 4k chunks and seeks to the previous Nth position on slab_caches list to resume after each chunk. With a lot of memcg cache churns on the list, reading /proc/slabinfo can become very slow and its content often ends up with duplicate and/or missing entries. This patch adds a new list slab_root_caches which lists only the root caches. When memcg is not enabled, it becomes just an alias of slab_caches. memcg specific list operations are collected into memcg_[un]link_cache(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-7-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@tarantool.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Tejun Heo
|
bc2791f857 |
slab: link memcg kmem_caches on their associated memory cgroup
With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. This is one of the patches to address the issue. While a memcg kmem_cache is listed on its root cache's ->children list, there is no direct way to iterate all kmem_caches which are assocaited with a memory cgroup. The only way to iterate them is walking all caches while filtering out caches which don't match, which would be most of them. This makes memcg destruction operations O(N^2) where N is the total number of slab caches which can be huge. This combined with the synchronous RCU operations can tie up a CPU and affect the whole machine for many hours when memory reclaim triggers offlining and destruction of the stale memcgs. This patch adds mem_cgroup->kmem_caches list which goes through memcg_cache_params->kmem_caches_node of all kmem_caches which are associated with the memcg. All memcg specific iterations, including stat file access, are updated to use the new list instead. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-6-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Tejun Heo
|
9eeadc8b6e |
slab: reorganize memcg_cache_params
We're going to change how memcg caches are iterated. In preparation, clean up and reorganize memcg_cache_params. * The shared ->list is replaced by ->children in root and ->children_node in children. * ->is_root_cache is removed. Instead ->root_cache is moved out of the child union and now used by both root and children. NULL indicates root cache. Non-NULL a memcg one. This patch doesn't cause any observable behavior changes. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-5-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Tejun Heo
|
657dc2f972 |
slab: remove synchronous rcu_barrier() call in memcg cache release path
With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management code. This is one of the patches to address the issue. SLAB_DESTORY_BY_RCU caches need to flush all RCU operations before destruction because slab pages are freed through RCU and they need to be able to dereference the associated kmem_cache. Currently, it's done synchronously with rcu_barrier(). As rcu_barrier() is expensive time-wise, slab implements a batching mechanism so that rcu_barrier() can be done for multiple caches at the same time. Unfortunately, the rcu_barrier() is in synchronous path which is called while holding cgroup_mutex and the batching is too limited to be actually helpful. This patch updates the cache release path so that the batching is asynchronous and global. All SLAB_DESTORY_BY_RCU caches are queued globally and a work item consumes the list. The work item calls rcu_barrier() only once for all caches that are currently queued. * release_caches() is removed and shutdown_cache() now either directly release the cache or schedules a RCU callback to do that. This makes the cache inaccessible once shutdown_cache() is called and makes it impossible for shutdown_memcg_caches() to do memcg-specific cleanups afterwards. Move memcg-specific part into a helper, unlink_memcg_cache(), and make shutdown_cache() call it directly. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-4-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@tarantool.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Tejun Heo
|
bf5eb3de38 |
slub: separate out sysfs_slab_release() from sysfs_slab_remove()
Separate out slub sysfs removal and release, and call the former earlier from __kmem_cache_shutdown(). There's no reason to defer sysfs removal through RCU and this will later allow us to remove sysfs files way earlier during memory cgroup offline instead of release. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-3-tj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Tejun Heo
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290b6a58b7 |
Revert "slub: move synchronize_sched out of slab_mutex on shrink"
Patch series "slab: make memcg slab destruction scalable", v3.
With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and
destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can
accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not
under memory pressure. When memory reclaim starts under such
conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of
many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large
systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management
code.
I've seen machines which end up with hundred thousands of caches and
many millions of kernfs_nodes. The current code is O(N^2) on the total
number of caches and has synchronous rcu_barrier() and
synchronize_sched() in cgroup offline / release path which is executed
while holding cgroup_mutex. Combined, this leads to very expensive and
slow cache destruction operations which can easily keep running for half
a day.
This also messes up /proc/slabinfo along with other cache iterating
operations. seq_file operates on 4k chunks and on each 4k boundary
tries to seek to the last position in the list. With a huge number of
caches on the list, this becomes very slow and very prone to the list
content changing underneath it leading to a lot of missing and/or
duplicate entries.
This patchset addresses the scalability problem.
* Add root and per-memcg lists. Update each user to use the
appropriate list.
* Make rcu_barrier() for SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU caches globally batched
and asynchronous.
* For dying empty slub caches, remove the sysfs files after
deactivation so that we don't end up with millions of sysfs files
without any useful information on them.
This patchset contains the following nine patches.
0001-Revert-slub-move-synchronize_sched-out-of-slab_mutex.patch
0002-slub-separate-out-sysfs_slab_release-from-sysfs_slab.patch
0003-slab-remove-synchronous-rcu_barrier-call-in-memcg-ca.patch
0004-slab-reorganize-memcg_cache_params.patch
0005-slab-link-memcg-kmem_caches-on-their-associated-memo.patch
0006-slab-implement-slab_root_caches-list.patch
0007-slab-introduce-__kmemcg_cache_deactivate.patch
0008-slab-remove-synchronous-synchronize_sched-from-memcg.patch
0009-slab-remove-slub-sysfs-interface-files-early-for-emp.patch
0010-slab-use-memcg_kmem_cache_wq-for-slab-destruction-op.patch
0001 reverts an existing optimization to prepare for the following
changes. 0002 is a prep patch. 0003 makes rcu_barrier() in release
path batched and asynchronous. 0004-0006 separate out the lists.
0007-0008 replace synchronize_sched() in slub destruction path with
call_rcu_sched(). 0009 removes sysfs files early for empty dying
caches. 0010 makes destruction work items use a workqueue with limited
concurrency.
This patch (of 10):
Revert
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Vlastimil Babka
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af3b5f8764 |
mm, slab: rename kmalloc-node cache to kmalloc-<size>
SLAB as part of its bootstrap pre-creates one kmalloc cache that can fit the kmem_cache_node management structure, and puts it into the generic kmalloc cache array (e.g. for 128b objects). The name of this cache is "kmalloc-node", which is confusing for readers of /proc/slabinfo as the cache is used for generic allocations (and not just the kmem_cache_node struct) and it appears as the kmalloc-128 cache is missing. An easy solution is to use the kmalloc-<size> name when pre-creating the cache, which we can get from the kmalloc_info array. Example /proc/slabinfo before the patch: ... kmalloc-256 1647 1984 256 16 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 124 124 828 kmalloc-192 1974 1974 192 21 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 94 94 133 kmalloc-96 1332 1344 128 32 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 42 42 219 kmalloc-64 2505 5952 64 64 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 93 93 715 kmalloc-32 4278 4464 32 124 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 36 36 346 kmalloc-node 1352 1376 128 32 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 43 43 53 kmem_cache 132 147 192 21 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 7 7 0 After the patch: ... kmalloc-256 1672 2160 256 16 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 135 135 807 kmalloc-192 1992 2016 192 21 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 96 96 203 kmalloc-96 1159 1184 128 32 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 37 37 116 kmalloc-64 2561 4864 64 64 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 76 76 785 kmalloc-32 4253 4340 32 124 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 35 35 270 kmalloc-128 1256 1280 128 32 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 40 40 39 kmem_cache 125 147 192 21 1 : tunables 120 60 8 : slabdata 7 7 0 [vbabka@suse.cz: export the whole kmalloc_info structure instead of just a name accessor, per Christoph Lameter] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/54e80303-b814-4232-66d4-95b34d3eb9d0@suse.cz Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170203181008.24898-1-vbabka@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Grygorii Maistrenko
|
c6e28895a4 |
slub: do not merge cache if slub_debug contains a never-merge flag
In case CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON=n, find_mergeable() gets debug features from commandline but never checks if there are features from the SLAB_NEVER_MERGE set. As a result selected by slub_debug caches are always mergeable if they have been created without a custom constructor set or without one of the SLAB_* debug features on. This moves the SLAB_NEVER_MERGE check below the flags update from commandline to make sure it won't merge the slab cache if one of the debug features is on. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170101124451.GA4740@lp-laptop-d Signed-off-by: Grygorii Maistrenko <grygoriimkd@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Thomas Garnier
|
e70954fd6d |
mm/slab_common.c: check kmem_create_cache flags are common
Verify that kmem_create_cache flags are not allocator specific. It is done before removing flags that are not available with the current configuration. The current kmem_cache_create removes incorrect flags but do not validate the callers are using them right. This change will ensure that callers are not trying to create caches with flags that won't be used because allocator specific. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1478553075-120242-2-git-send-email-thgarnie@google.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vladimir Davydov
|
89e364db71 |
slub: move synchronize_sched out of slab_mutex on shrink
synchronize_sched() is a heavy operation and calling it per each cache owned by a memory cgroup being destroyed may take quite some time. What is worse, it's currently called under the slab_mutex, stalling all works doing cache creation/destruction. Actually, there isn't much point in calling synchronize_sched() for each cache - it's enough to call it just once - after setting cpu_partial for all caches and before shrinking them. This way, we can also move it out of the slab_mutex, which we have to hold for iterating over the slab cache list. Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=172991 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/0a10d71ecae3db00fb4421bcd3f82bcc911f4be4.1475329751.git.vdavydov.dev@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Reported-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net> Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Greg Thelen
|
f773e36de3 |
memcg: prevent memcg caches to be both OFF_SLAB & OBJFREELIST_SLAB
While testing OBJFREELIST_SLAB integration with pagealloc, we found a
bug where kmem_cache(sys) would be created with both CFLGS_OFF_SLAB &
CFLGS_OBJFREELIST_SLAB. When it happened, critical allocations needed
for loading drivers or creating new caches will fail.
The original kmem_cache is created early making OFF_SLAB not possible.
When kmem_cache(sys) is created, OFF_SLAB is possible and if pagealloc
is enabled it will try to enable it first under certain conditions.
Given kmem_cache(sys) reuses the original flag, you can have both flags
at the same time resulting in allocation failures and odd behaviors.
This fix discards allocator specific flags from memcg before calling
create_cache.
The bug exists since 4.6-rc1 and affects testing debug pagealloc
configurations.
Fixes:
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Vladimir Davydov
|
4949148ad4 |
mm: charge/uncharge kmemcg from generic page allocator paths
Currently, to charge a non-slab allocation to kmemcg one has to use alloc_kmem_pages helper with __GFP_ACCOUNT flag. A page allocated with this helper should finally be freed using free_kmem_pages, otherwise it won't be uncharged. This API suits its current users fine, but it turns out to be impossible to use along with page reference counting, i.e. when an allocation is supposed to be freed with put_page, as it is the case with pipe or unix socket buffers. To overcome this limitation, this patch moves charging/uncharging to generic page allocator paths, i.e. to __alloc_pages_nodemask and free_pages_prepare, and zaps alloc/free_kmem_pages helpers. This way, one can use any of the available page allocation functions to get the allocated page charged to kmemcg - it's enough to pass __GFP_ACCOUNT, just like in case of kmalloc and friends. A charged page will be automatically uncharged on free. To make it possible, we need to mark pages charged to kmemcg somehow. To avoid introducing a new page flag, we make use of page->_mapcount for marking such pages. Since pages charged to kmemcg are not supposed to be mapped to userspace, it should work just fine. There are other (ab)users of page->_mapcount - buddy and balloon pages - but we don't conflict with them. In case kmemcg is compiled out or not used at runtime, this patch introduces no overhead to generic page allocator paths. If kmemcg is used, it will be plus one gfp flags check on alloc and plus one page->_mapcount check on free, which shouldn't hurt performance, because the data accessed are hot. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a9736d856f895bcb465d9f257b54efe32eda6f99.1464079538.git.vdavydov@virtuozzo.com Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Thomas Garnier
|
7c00fce98c |
mm: reorganize SLAB freelist randomization
The kernel heap allocators are using a sequential freelist making their allocation predictable. This predictability makes kernel heap overflow easier to exploit. An attacker can careful prepare the kernel heap to control the following chunk overflowed. For example these attacks exploit the predictability of the heap: - Linux Kernel CAN SLUB overflow (https://goo.gl/oMNWkU) - Exploiting Linux Kernel Heap corruptions (http://goo.gl/EXLn95) ***Problems that needed solving: - Randomize the Freelist (singled linked) used in the SLUB allocator. - Ensure good performance to encourage usage. - Get best entropy in early boot stage. ***Parts: - 01/02 Reorganize the SLAB Freelist randomization to share elements with the SLUB implementation. - 02/02 The SLUB Freelist randomization implementation. Similar approach than the SLAB but tailored to the singled freelist used in SLUB. ***Performance data: slab_test impact is between 3% to 4% on average for 100000 attempts without smp. It is a very focused testing, kernbench show the overall impact on the system is way lower. Before: Single thread testing ===================== 1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test 100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 49 cycles kfree -> 77 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 51 cycles kfree -> 79 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 53 cycles kfree -> 83 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 62 cycles kfree -> 90 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 81 cycles kfree -> 97 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 98 cycles kfree -> 121 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 95 cycles kfree -> 122 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 96 cycles kfree -> 126 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 140 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 149 cycles kfree -> 171 cycles 2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test 100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 69 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 70 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 73 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 72 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 71 cycles After: Single thread testing ===================== 1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test 100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 57 cycles kfree -> 78 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 61 cycles kfree -> 81 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 76 cycles kfree -> 93 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 83 cycles kfree -> 94 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 106 cycles kfree -> 107 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 118 cycles kfree -> 117 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 114 cycles kfree -> 116 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 118 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 147 cycles kfree -> 131 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 214 cycles kfree -> 161 cycles 2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test 100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 66 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 66 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 66 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 66 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 65 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 67 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 67 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 64 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 67 cycles 100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 67 cycles Kernbench, before: Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation): Elapsed Time 101.873 (1.16069) User Time 1045.22 (1.60447) System Time 88.969 (0.559195) Percent CPU 1112.9 (13.8279) Context Switches 189140 (2282.15) Sleeps 99008.6 (768.091) After: Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation): Elapsed Time 102.47 (0.562732) User Time 1045.3 (1.34263) System Time 88.311 (0.342554) Percent CPU 1105.8 (6.49444) Context Switches 189081 (2355.78) Sleeps 99231.5 (800.358) This patch (of 2): This commit reorganizes the previous SLAB freelist randomization to prepare for the SLUB implementation. It moves functions that will be shared to slab_common. The entropy functions are changed to align with the SLUB implementation, now using get_random_(int|long) functions. These functions were chosen because they provide a bit more entropy early on boot and better performance when specific arch instructions are not available. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464295031-26375-2-git-send-email-thgarnie@google.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Johannes Weiner
|
73f576c04b |
mm: memcontrol: fix cgroup creation failure after many small jobs
The memory controller has quite a bit of state that usually outlives the
cgroup and pins its CSS until said state disappears. At the same time
it imposes a 16-bit limit on the CSS ID space to economically store IDs
in the wild. Consequently, when we use cgroups to contain frequent but
small and short-lived jobs that leave behind some page cache, we quickly
run into the 64k limitations of outstanding CSSs. Creating a new cgroup
fails with -ENOSPC while there are only a few, or even no user-visible
cgroups in existence.
Although pinning CSSs past cgroup removal is common, there are only two
instances that actually need an ID after a cgroup is deleted: cache
shadow entries and swapout records.
Cache shadow entries reference the ID weakly and can deal with the CSS
having disappeared when it's looked up later. They pose no hurdle.
Swap-out records do need to pin the css to hierarchically attribute
swapins after the cgroup has been deleted; though the only pages that
remain swapped out after offlining are tmpfs/shmem pages. And those
references are under the user's control, so they are manageable.
This patch introduces a private 16-bit memcg ID and switches swap and
cache shadow entries over to using that. This ID can then be recycled
after offlining when the CSS remains pinned only by objects that don't
specifically need it.
This script demonstrates the problem by faulting one cache page in a new
cgroup and deleting it again:
set -e
mkdir -p pages
for x in `seq 128000`; do
[ $((x % 1000)) -eq 0 ] && echo $x
mkdir /cgroup/foo
echo $$ >/cgroup/foo/cgroup.procs
echo trex >pages/$x
echo $$ >/cgroup/cgroup.procs
rmdir /cgroup/foo
done
When run on an unpatched kernel, we eventually run out of possible IDs
even though there are no visible cgroups:
[root@ham ~]# ./cssidstress.sh
[...]
65000
mkdir: cannot create directory '/cgroup/foo': No space left on device
After this patch, the IDs get released upon cgroup destruction and the
cache and css objects get released once memory reclaim kicks in.
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: init the IDR]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160621154601.GA22431@cmpxchg.org
Fixes:
|
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Alexander Potapenko
|
55834c5909 |
mm: kasan: initial memory quarantine implementation
Quarantine isolates freed objects in a separate queue. The objects are returned to the allocator later, which helps to detect use-after-free errors. When the object is freed, its state changes from KASAN_STATE_ALLOC to KASAN_STATE_QUARANTINE. The object is poisoned and put into quarantine instead of being returned to the allocator, therefore every subsequent access to that object triggers a KASAN error, and the error handler is able to say where the object has been allocated and deallocated. When it's time for the object to leave quarantine, its state becomes KASAN_STATE_FREE and it's returned to the allocator. From now on the allocator may reuse it for another allocation. Before that happens, it's still possible to detect a use-after free on that object (it retains the allocation/deallocation stacks). When the allocator reuses this object, the shadow is unpoisoned and old allocation/deallocation stacks are wiped. Therefore a use of this object, even an incorrect one, won't trigger ASan warning. Without the quarantine, it's not guaranteed that the objects aren't reused immediately, that's why the probability of catching a use-after-free is lower than with quarantine in place. Quarantine isolates freed objects in a separate queue. The objects are returned to the allocator later, which helps to detect use-after-free errors. Freed objects are first added to per-cpu quarantine queues. When a cache is destroyed or memory shrinking is requested, the objects are moved into the global quarantine queue. Whenever a kmalloc call allows memory reclaiming, the oldest objects are popped out of the global queue until the total size of objects in quarantine is less than 3/4 of the maximum quarantine size (which is a fraction of installed physical memory). As long as an object remains in the quarantine, KASAN is able to report accesses to it, so the chance of reporting a use-after-free is increased. Once the object leaves quarantine, the allocator may reuse it, in which case the object is unpoisoned and KASAN can't detect incorrect accesses to it. Right now quarantine support is only enabled in SLAB allocator. Unification of KASAN features in SLAB and SLUB will be done later. This patch is based on the "mm: kasan: quarantine" patch originally prepared by Dmitry Chernenkov. A number of improvements have been suggested by Andrey Ryabinin. [glider@google.com: v9] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462987130-144092-1-git-send-email-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Alexander Potapenko
|
505f5dcb1c |
mm, kasan: add GFP flags to KASAN API
Add GFP flags to KASAN hooks for future patches to use. This patch is based on the "mm: kasan: unified support for SLUB and SLAB allocators" patch originally prepared by Dmitry Chernenkov. Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Alexander Potapenko
|
7ed2f9e663 |
mm, kasan: SLAB support
Add KASAN hooks to SLAB allocator. This patch is based on the "mm: kasan: unified support for SLUB and SLAB allocators" patch originally prepared by Dmitry Chernenkov. Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Joe Perches
|
1170532bb4 |
mm: convert printk(KERN_<LEVEL> to pr_<level>
Most of the mm subsystem uses pr_<level> so make it consistent. Miscellanea: - Realign arguments - Add missing newline to format - kmemleak-test.c has a "kmemleak: " prefix added to the "Kmemleak testing" logging message via pr_fmt Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> [percpu] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Joe Perches
|
756a025f00 |
mm: coalesce split strings
Kernel style prefers a single string over split strings when the string is 'user-visible'. Miscellanea: - Add a missing newline - Realign arguments Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> [percpu] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
b6ecd2dea4 |
mm: memcontrol: zap memcg_kmem_online helper
As kmem accounting is now either enabled for all cgroups or disabled system-wide, there's no point in having memcg_kmem_online() helper - instead one can use memcg_kmem_enabled() and mem_cgroup_online(), as shrink_slab() now does. There are only two places left where this helper is used - __memcg_kmem_charge() and memcg_create_kmem_cache(). The former can only be called if memcg_kmem_enabled() returned true. Since the cgroup it operates on is online, mem_cgroup_is_root() check will be enough. memcg_create_kmem_cache() can't use mem_cgroup_online() helper instead of memcg_kmem_online(), because it relies on the fact that in memcg_offline_kmem() memcg->kmem_state is changed before memcg_deactivate_kmem_caches() is called, but there we can just open-code the check. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Jesper Dangaard Brouer
|
ca25719551 |
mm: new API kfree_bulk() for SLAB+SLUB allocators
This patch introduce a new API call kfree_bulk() for bulk freeing memory objects not bound to a single kmem_cache. Christoph pointed out that it is possible to implement freeing of objects, without knowing the kmem_cache pointer as that information is available from the object's page->slab_cache. Proposing to remove the kmem_cache argument from the bulk free API. Jesper demonstrated that these extra steps per object comes at a performance cost. It is only in the case CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM is compiled in and activated runtime that these steps are done anyhow. The extra cost is most visible for SLAB allocator, because the SLUB allocator does the page lookup (virt_to_head_page()) anyhow. Thus, the conclusion was to keep the kmem_cache free bulk API with a kmem_cache pointer, but we can still implement a kfree_bulk() API fairly easily. Simply by handling if kmem_cache_free_bulk() gets called with a kmem_cache NULL pointer. This does increase the code size a bit, but implementing a separate kfree_bulk() call would likely increase code size even more. Below benchmarks cost of alloc+free (obj size 256 bytes) on CPU i7-4790K @ 4.00GHz, no PREEMPT and CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM=y. Code size increase for SLAB: add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 1/0 up/down: 74/0 (74) function old new delta kmem_cache_free_bulk 660 734 +74 SLAB fastpath: 87 cycles(tsc) 21.814 sz - fallback - kmem_cache_free_bulk - kfree_bulk 1 - 103 cycles 25.878 ns - 41 cycles 10.498 ns - 81 cycles 20.312 ns 2 - 94 cycles 23.673 ns - 26 cycles 6.682 ns - 42 cycles 10.649 ns 3 - 92 cycles 23.181 ns - 21 cycles 5.325 ns - 39 cycles 9.950 ns 4 - 90 cycles 22.727 ns - 18 cycles 4.673 ns - 26 cycles 6.693 ns 8 - 89 cycles 22.270 ns - 14 cycles 3.664 ns - 23 cycles 5.835 ns 16 - 88 cycles 22.038 ns - 14 cycles 3.503 ns - 22 cycles 5.543 ns 30 - 89 cycles 22.284 ns - 13 cycles 3.310 ns - 20 cycles 5.197 ns 32 - 88 cycles 22.249 ns - 13 cycles 3.420 ns - 20 cycles 5.166 ns 34 - 88 cycles 22.224 ns - 14 cycles 3.643 ns - 20 cycles 5.170 ns 48 - 88 cycles 22.088 ns - 14 cycles 3.507 ns - 20 cycles 5.203 ns 64 - 88 cycles 22.063 ns - 13 cycles 3.428 ns - 20 cycles 5.152 ns 128 - 89 cycles 22.483 ns - 15 cycles 3.891 ns - 23 cycles 5.885 ns 158 - 89 cycles 22.381 ns - 15 cycles 3.779 ns - 22 cycles 5.548 ns 250 - 91 cycles 22.798 ns - 16 cycles 4.152 ns - 23 cycles 5.967 ns SLAB when enabling MEMCG_KMEM runtime: - kmemcg fastpath: 130 cycles(tsc) 32.684 ns (step:0) 1 - 148 cycles 37.220 ns - 66 cycles 16.622 ns - 66 cycles 16.583 ns 2 - 141 cycles 35.510 ns - 51 cycles 12.820 ns - 58 cycles 14.625 ns 3 - 140 cycles 35.017 ns - 37 cycles 9.326 ns - 33 cycles 8.474 ns 4 - 137 cycles 34.507 ns - 31 cycles 7.888 ns - 33 cycles 8.300 ns 8 - 140 cycles 35.069 ns - 25 cycles 6.461 ns - 25 cycles 6.436 ns 16 - 138 cycles 34.542 ns - 23 cycles 5.945 ns - 22 cycles 5.670 ns 30 - 136 cycles 34.227 ns - 22 cycles 5.502 ns - 22 cycles 5.587 ns 32 - 136 cycles 34.253 ns - 21 cycles 5.475 ns - 21 cycles 5.324 ns 34 - 136 cycles 34.254 ns - 21 cycles 5.448 ns - 20 cycles 5.194 ns 48 - 136 cycles 34.075 ns - 21 cycles 5.458 ns - 21 cycles 5.367 ns 64 - 135 cycles 33.994 ns - 21 cycles 5.350 ns - 21 cycles 5.259 ns 128 - 137 cycles 34.446 ns - 23 cycles 5.816 ns - 22 cycles 5.688 ns 158 - 137 cycles 34.379 ns - 22 cycles 5.727 ns - 22 cycles 5.602 ns 250 - 138 cycles 34.755 ns - 24 cycles 6.093 ns - 23 cycles 5.986 ns Code size increase for SLUB: function old new delta kmem_cache_free_bulk 717 799 +82 SLUB benchmark: SLUB fastpath: 46 cycles(tsc) 11.691 ns (step:0) sz - fallback - kmem_cache_free_bulk - kfree_bulk 1 - 61 cycles 15.486 ns - 53 cycles 13.364 ns - 57 cycles 14.464 ns 2 - 54 cycles 13.703 ns - 32 cycles 8.110 ns - 33 cycles 8.482 ns 3 - 53 cycles 13.272 ns - 25 cycles 6.362 ns - 27 cycles 6.947 ns 4 - 51 cycles 12.994 ns - 24 cycles 6.087 ns - 24 cycles 6.078 ns 8 - 50 cycles 12.576 ns - 21 cycles 5.354 ns - 22 cycles 5.513 ns 16 - 49 cycles 12.368 ns - 20 cycles 5.054 ns - 20 cycles 5.042 ns 30 - 49 cycles 12.273 ns - 18 cycles 4.748 ns - 19 cycles 4.758 ns 32 - 49 cycles 12.401 ns - 19 cycles 4.821 ns - 19 cycles 4.810 ns 34 - 98 cycles 24.519 ns - 24 cycles 6.154 ns - 24 cycles 6.157 ns 48 - 83 cycles 20.833 ns - 21 cycles 5.446 ns - 21 cycles 5.429 ns 64 - 75 cycles 18.891 ns - 20 cycles 5.247 ns - 20 cycles 5.238 ns 128 - 93 cycles 23.271 ns - 27 cycles 6.856 ns - 27 cycles 6.823 ns 158 - 102 cycles 25.581 ns - 30 cycles 7.714 ns - 30 cycles 7.695 ns 250 - 107 cycles 26.917 ns - 38 cycles 9.514 ns - 38 cycles 9.506 ns SLUB when enabling MEMCG_KMEM runtime: - kmemcg fastpath: 71 cycles(tsc) 17.897 ns (step:0) 1 - 85 cycles 21.484 ns - 78 cycles 19.569 ns - 75 cycles 18.938 ns 2 - 81 cycles 20.363 ns - 45 cycles 11.258 ns - 44 cycles 11.076 ns 3 - 78 cycles 19.709 ns - 33 cycles 8.354 ns - 32 cycles 8.044 ns 4 - 77 cycles 19.430 ns - 28 cycles 7.216 ns - 28 cycles 7.003 ns 8 - 101 cycles 25.288 ns - 23 cycles 5.849 ns - 23 cycles 5.787 ns 16 - 76 cycles 19.148 ns - 20 cycles 5.162 ns - 20 cycles 5.081 ns 30 - 76 cycles 19.067 ns - 19 cycles 4.868 ns - 19 cycles 4.821 ns 32 - 76 cycles 19.052 ns - 19 cycles 4.857 ns - 19 cycles 4.815 ns 34 - 121 cycles 30.291 ns - 25 cycles 6.333 ns - 25 cycles 6.268 ns 48 - 108 cycles 27.111 ns - 21 cycles 5.498 ns - 21 cycles 5.458 ns 64 - 100 cycles 25.164 ns - 20 cycles 5.242 ns - 20 cycles 5.229 ns 128 - 155 cycles 38.976 ns - 27 cycles 6.886 ns - 27 cycles 6.892 ns 158 - 132 cycles 33.034 ns - 30 cycles 7.711 ns - 30 cycles 7.728 ns 250 - 130 cycles 32.612 ns - 38 cycles 9.560 ns - 38 cycles 9.549 ns Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Dmitry Safonov
|
52b4b950b5 |
mm: slab: free kmem_cache_node after destroy sysfs file
When slub_debug alloc_calls_show is enabled we will try to track location and user of slab object on each online node, kmem_cache_node structure and cpu_cache/cpu_slub shouldn't be freed till there is the last reference to sysfs file. This fixes the following panic: BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000020 IP: list_locations+0x169/0x4e0 PGD 257304067 PUD 438456067 PMD 0 Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU: 3 PID: 973074 Comm: cat ve: 0 Not tainted 3.10.0-229.7.2.ovz.9.30-00007-japdoll-dirty #2 9.30 Hardware name: DEPO Computers To Be Filled By O.E.M./H67DE3, BIOS L1.60c 07/14/2011 task: ffff88042a5dc5b0 ti: ffff88037f8d8000 task.ti: ffff88037f8d8000 RIP: list_locations+0x169/0x4e0 Call Trace: alloc_calls_show+0x1d/0x30 slab_attr_show+0x1b/0x30 sysfs_read_file+0x9a/0x1a0 vfs_read+0x9c/0x170 SyS_read+0x58/0xb0 system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Code: 5e 07 12 00 b9 00 04 00 00 3d 00 04 00 00 0f 4f c1 3d 00 04 00 00 89 45 b0 0f 84 c3 00 00 00 48 63 45 b0 49 8b 9c c4 f8 00 00 00 <48> 8b 43 20 48 85 c0 74 b6 48 89 df e8 46 37 44 00 48 8b 53 10 CR2: 0000000000000020 Separated __kmem_cache_release from __kmem_cache_shutdown which now called on slab_kmem_cache_release (after the last reference to sysfs file object has dropped). Reintroduced locking in free_partial as sysfs file might access cache's partial list after shutdowning - partial revert of the commit |
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|
Johannes Weiner
|
127424c86b |
mm: memcontrol: move kmem accounting code to CONFIG_MEMCG
The cgroup2 memory controller will account important in-kernel memory consumers per default. Move all necessary components to CONFIG_MEMCG. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Johannes Weiner
|
567e9ab2e6 |
mm: memcontrol: give the kmem states more descriptive names
On any given memcg, the kmem accounting feature has three separate states: not initialized, structures allocated, and actively accounting slab memory. These are represented through a combination of the kmem_acct_activated and kmem_acct_active flags, which is confusing. Convert to a kmem_state enum with the states NONE, ALLOCATED, and ONLINE. Then rename the functions to modify the state accordingly. This follows the nomenclature of css object states more closely. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
230e9fc286 |
slab: add SLAB_ACCOUNT flag
Currently, if we want to account all objects of a particular kmem cache, we have to pass __GFP_ACCOUNT to each kmem_cache_alloc call, which is inconvenient. This patch introduces SLAB_ACCOUNT flag which if passed to kmem_cache_create will force accounting for every allocation from this cache even if __GFP_ACCOUNT is not passed. This patch does not make any of the existing caches use this flag - it will be done later in the series. Note, a cache with SLAB_ACCOUNT cannot be merged with a cache w/o SLAB_ACCOUNT, because merged caches share the same kmem_cache struct and hence cannot have different sets of SLAB_* flags. Thus using this flag will probably reduce the number of merged slabs even if kmem accounting is not used (only compiled in). Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Jesper Dangaard Brouer
|
865762a811 |
slab/slub: adjust kmem_cache_alloc_bulk API
Adjust kmem_cache_alloc_bulk API before we have any real users. Adjust API to return type 'int' instead of previously type 'bool'. This is done to allow future extension of the bulk alloc API. A future extension could be to allow SLUB to stop at a page boundary, when specified by a flag, and then return the number of objects. The advantage of this approach, would make it easier to make bulk alloc run without local IRQs disabled. With an approach of cmpxchg "stealing" the entire c->freelist or page->freelist. To avoid overshooting we would stop processing at a slab-page boundary. Else we always end up returning some objects at the cost of another cmpxchg. To keep compatible with future users of this API linking against an older kernel when using the new flag, we need to return the number of allocated objects with this API change. Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Alexandru Moise
|
40911a798b |
mm/slab_common.c: initialize kmem_cache pointer to NULL
The assignment to NULL within the error condition was written in a 2014 patch to suppress a compiler warning. However it would be cleaner to just initialize the kmem_cache to NULL and just return it in case of an error condition. Signed-off-by: Alexandru Moise <00moses.alexander00@gmail.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
cd918c5574 |
mm/slab_common.c: do not warn that cache is busy on destroy more than once
Currently, when kmem_cache_destroy() is called for a global cache, we print a warning for each per memcg cache attached to it that has active objects (see shutdown_cache). This is redundant, because it gives no new information and only clutters the log. If a cache being destroyed has active objects, there must be a memory leak in the module that created the cache, and it does not matter if the cache was used by users in memory cgroups or not. This patch moves the warning from shutdown_cache(), which is called for shutting down both global and per memcg caches, to kmem_cache_destroy(), so that the warning is only printed once if there are objects left in the cache being destroyed. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
d60fdcc9e3 |
mm/slab_common.c: clear pointers to per memcg caches on destroy
Currently, we do not clear pointers to per memcg caches in the memcg_params.memcg_caches array when a global cache is destroyed with kmem_cache_destroy. This is fine if the global cache does get destroyed. However, a cache can be left on the list if it still has active objects when kmem_cache_destroy is called (due to a memory leak). If this happens, the entries in the array will point to already freed areas, which is likely to result in data corruption when the cache is reused (via slab merging). Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
c9a77a7920 |
mm/slab_common.c: rename cache create/destroy helpers
do_kmem_cache_create(), do_kmem_cache_shutdown(), and do_kmem_cache_release() sound awkward for static helper functions that are not supposed to be used outside slab_common.c. Rename them to create_cache(), shutdown_cache(), and release_caches(), respectively. This patch is a pure cleanup and does not introduce any functional changes. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Denis Kirjanov
|
fda901241f |
slab: convert slab_is_available() to boolean
A good candidate to return a boolean result. Signed-off-by: Denis Kirjanov <kda@linux-powerpc.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Michal Hocko
|
33398cf2f3 |
memcg: export struct mem_cgroup
mem_cgroup structure is defined in mm/memcontrol.c currently which means that the code outside of this file has to use external API even for trivial access stuff. This patch exports mm_struct with its dependencies and makes some of the exported functions inlines. This even helps to reduce the code size a bit (make defconfig + CONFIG_MEMCG=y) text data bss dec hex filename 12355346 1823792 1089536 15268674 e8fb42 vmlinux.before 12354970 1823792 1089536 15268298 e8f9ca vmlinux.after This is not much (370B) but better than nothing. We also save a function call in some hot paths like callers of mem_cgroup_count_vm_event which is used for accounting. The patch doesn't introduce any functional changes. [vdavykov@parallels.com: inline memcg_kmem_is_active] [vdavykov@parallels.com: do not expose type outside of CONFIG_MEMCG] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: memcontrol.h needs eventfd.h for eventfd_ctx] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: export mem_cgroup_from_task() to modules] Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Sergey Senozhatsky
|
3942d29918 |
mm/slab_common: allow NULL cache pointer in kmem_cache_destroy()
kmem_cache_destroy() does not tolerate a NULL kmem_cache pointer argument
and performs a NULL-pointer dereference. This requires additional
attention and effort from developers/reviewers and forces all
kmem_cache_destroy() callers (200+ as of 4.1) to do a NULL check
if (cache)
kmem_cache_destroy(cache);
Or, otherwise, be invalid kmem_cache_destroy() users.
Tweak kmem_cache_destroy() and NULL-check the pointer there.
Proposed by Andrew Morton.
Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/6/8/583
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@lip6.fr>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
Christoph Lameter
|
484748f0b6 |
slab: infrastructure for bulk object allocation and freeing
Add the basic infrastructure for alloc/free operations on pointer arrays. It includes a generic function in the common slab code that is used in this infrastructure patch to create the unoptimized functionality for slab bulk operations. Allocators can then provide optimized allocation functions for situations in which large numbers of objects are needed. These optimization may avoid taking locks repeatedly and bypass metadata creation if all objects in slab pages can be used to provide the objects required. Allocators can extend the skeletons provided and add their own code to the bulk alloc and free functions. They can keep the generic allocation and freeing and just fall back to those if optimizations would not work (like for example when debugging is on). Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Konstantin Khlebnikov
|
3e810ae2db |
mm/slub: allow merging when SLAB_DEBUG_FREE is set
This patch fixes creation of new kmem-caches after enabling sanity_checks for existing mergeable kmem-caches in runtime: before that patch creation fails because unique name in sysfs already taken by existing kmem-cache. Unlike other debug options this doesn't change object layout and could be enabled and disabled at any time. Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Christoph Lameter
|
ae6f2462e5 |
Add __init attribute to new_kmalloc_cache
Avoid the warning: WARNING: mm/built-in.o(.text.unlikely+0xc22): Section mismatch in reference from the function .new_kmalloc_cache() to the variable .init.rodata:kmalloc_info The function .new_kmalloc_cache() references the variable __initconst kmalloc_info. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Christoph Lameter
|
a9730fca99 |
Fix kmalloc slab creation sequence
This patch restores the slab creation sequence that was broken by commit |
||
Daniel Sanders
|
34cc6990d4 |
slab: correct size_index table before replacing the bootstrap kmem_cache_node
This patch moves the initialization of the size_index table slightly earlier so that the first few kmem_cache_node's can be safely allocated when KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE is large. There are currently two ways to generate indices into kmalloc_caches (via kmalloc_index() and via the size_index table in slab_common.c) and on some arches (possibly only MIPS) they potentially disagree with each other until create_kmalloc_caches() has been called. It seems that the intention is that the size_index table is a fast equivalent to kmalloc_index() and that create_kmalloc_caches() patches the table to return the correct value for the cases where kmalloc_index()'s if-statements apply. The failing sequence was: * kmalloc_caches contains NULL elements * kmem_cache_init initialises the element that 'struct kmem_cache_node' will be allocated to. For 32-bit Mips, this is a 56-byte struct and kmalloc_index returns KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW (7). * init_list is called which calls kmalloc_node to allocate a 'struct kmem_cache_node'. * kmalloc_slab selects the kmem_caches element using size_index[size_index_elem(size)]. For MIPS, size is 56, and the expression returns 6. * This element of kmalloc_caches is NULL and allocation fails. * If it had not already failed, it would have called create_kmalloc_caches() at this point which would have changed size_index[size_index_elem(size)] to 7. I don't believe the bug to be LLVM specific but GCC doesn't normally encounter the problem. I haven't been able to identify exactly what GCC is doing better (probably inlining) but it seems that GCC is managing to optimize to the point that it eliminates the problematic allocations. This theory is supported by the fact that GCC can be made to fail in the same way by changing inline, __inline, __inline__, and __always_inline in include/linux/compiler-gcc.h such that they don't actually inline things. Signed-off-by: Daniel Sanders <daniel.sanders@imgtec.com> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Gavin Guo
|
4066c33d03 |
mm/slab_common: support the slub_debug boot option on specific object size
The slub_debug=PU,kmalloc-xx cannot work because in the create_kmalloc_caches() the s->name is created after the create_kmalloc_cache() is called. The name is NULL in the create_kmalloc_cache() so the kmem_cache_flags() would not set the slub_debug flags to the s->flags. The fix here set up a kmalloc_names string array for the initialization purpose and delete the dynamic name creation of kmalloc_caches. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/kmalloc_names/kmalloc_info/, tweak comment text] Signed-off-by: Gavin Guo <gavin.guo@canonical.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Andrey Ryabinin
|
0316bec22e |
mm: slub: add kernel address sanitizer support for slub allocator
With this patch kasan will be able to catch bugs in memory allocated by slub. Initially all objects in newly allocated slab page, marked as redzone. Later, when allocation of slub object happens, requested by caller number of bytes marked as accessible, and the rest of the object (including slub's metadata) marked as redzone (inaccessible). We also mark object as accessible if ksize was called for this object. There is some places in kernel where ksize function is called to inquire size of really allocated area. Such callers could validly access whole allocated memory, so it should be marked as accessible. Code in slub.c and slab_common.c files could validly access to object's metadata, so instrumentation for this files are disabled. Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Andrzej Hajda
|
3dec16ea38 |
mm/slab: convert cache name allocations to kstrdup_const
slab frequently performs duplication of strings located in read-only memory section. Replacing kstrdup by kstrdup_const allows to avoid such operations. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: make the handling of kmem_cache.name const-correct] Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <a.hajda@samsung.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Cc: Mike Turquette <mturquette@linaro.org> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Vladimir Davydov
|
d6e0b7fa11 |
slub: make dead caches discard free slabs immediately
To speed up further allocations SLUB may store empty slabs in per cpu/node partial lists instead of freeing them immediately. This prevents per memcg caches destruction, because kmem caches created for a memory cgroup are only destroyed after the last page charged to the cgroup is freed. To fix this issue, this patch resurrects approach first proposed in [1]. It forbids SLUB to cache empty slabs after the memory cgroup that the cache belongs to was destroyed. It is achieved by setting kmem_cache's cpu_partial and min_partial constants to 0 and tuning put_cpu_partial() so that it would drop frozen empty slabs immediately if cpu_partial = 0. The runtime overhead is minimal. From all the hot functions, we only touch relatively cold put_cpu_partial(): we make it call unfreeze_partials() after freezing a slab that belongs to an offline memory cgroup. Since slab freezing exists to avoid moving slabs from/to a partial list on free/alloc, and there can't be allocations from dead caches, it shouldn't cause any overhead. We do have to disable preemption for put_cpu_partial() to achieve that though. The original patch was accepted well and even merged to the mm tree. However, I decided to withdraw it due to changes happening to the memcg core at that time. I had an idea of introducing per-memcg shrinkers for kmem caches, but now, as memcg has finally settled down, I do not see it as an option, because SLUB shrinker would be too costly to call since SLUB does not keep free slabs on a separate list. Besides, we currently do not even call per-memcg shrinkers for offline memcgs. Overall, it would introduce much more complexity to both SLUB and memcg than this small patch. Regarding to SLAB, there's no problem with it, because it shrinks per-cpu/node caches periodically. Thanks to list_lru reparenting, we no longer keep entries for offline cgroups in per-memcg arrays (such as memcg_cache_params->memcg_caches), so we do not have to bother if a per-memcg cache will be shrunk a bit later than it could be. [1] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/118649/focus=118650 Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
2a4db7eb93 |
memcg: free memcg_caches slot on css offline
We need to look up a kmem_cache in ->memcg_params.memcg_caches arrays only on allocations, so there is no need to have the array entries set until css free - we can clear them on css offline. This will allow us to reuse array entries more efficiently and avoid costly array relocations. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
f1008365bb |
slab: use css id for naming per memcg caches
Currently, we use mem_cgroup->kmemcg_id to guarantee kmem_cache->name uniqueness. This is correct, because kmemcg_id is only released on css free after destroying all per memcg caches. However, I am going to change that and release kmemcg_id on css offline, because it is not wise to keep it for so long, wasting valuable entries of memcg_cache_params->memcg_caches arrays. Therefore, to preserve cache name uniqueness, let us switch to css->id. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
426589f571 |
slab: link memcg caches of the same kind into a list
Sometimes, we need to iterate over all memcg copies of a particular root kmem cache. Currently, we use memcg_cache_params->memcg_caches array for that, because it contains all existing memcg caches. However, it's a bad practice to keep all caches, including those that belong to offline cgroups, in this array, because it will be growing beyond any bounds then. I'm going to wipe away dead caches from it to save space. To still be able to perform iterations over all memcg caches of the same kind, let us link them into a list. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
f7ce3190c4 |
slab: embed memcg_cache_params to kmem_cache
Currently, kmem_cache stores a pointer to struct memcg_cache_params
instead of embedding it. The rationale is to save memory when kmem
accounting is disabled. However, the memcg_cache_params has shrivelled
drastically since it was first introduced:
* Initially:
struct memcg_cache_params {
bool is_root_cache;
union {
struct kmem_cache *memcg_caches[0];
struct {
struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
struct list_head list;
struct kmem_cache *root_cache;
bool dead;
atomic_t nr_pages;
struct work_struct destroy;
};
};
};
* Now:
struct memcg_cache_params {
bool is_root_cache;
union {
struct {
struct rcu_head rcu_head;
struct kmem_cache *memcg_caches[0];
};
struct {
struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
struct kmem_cache *root_cache;
};
};
};
So the memory saving does not seem to be a clear win anymore.
OTOH, keeping a pointer to memcg_cache_params struct instead of embedding
it results in touching one more cache line on kmem alloc/free hot paths.
Besides, it makes linking kmem caches in a list chained by a field of
struct memcg_cache_params really painful due to a level of indirection,
while I want to make them linked in the following patch. That said, let
us embed it.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
05257a1a3d |
memcg: add rwsem to synchronize against memcg_caches arrays relocation
We need a stable value of memcg_nr_cache_ids in kmem_cache_create() (memcg_alloc_cache_params() wants it for root caches), where we only hold the slab_mutex and no memcg-related locks. As a result, we have to update memcg_nr_cache_ids under the slab_mutex, which we can only take on the slab's side (see memcg_update_array_size). This looks awkward and will become even worse when per-memcg list_lru is introduced, which also wants stable access to memcg_nr_cache_ids. To get rid of this dependency between the memcg_nr_cache_ids and the slab_mutex, this patch introduces a special rwsem. The rwsem is held for writing during memcg_caches arrays relocation and memcg_nr_cache_ids updates. Therefore one can take it for reading to get a stable access to memcg_caches arrays and/or memcg_nr_cache_ids. Currently the semaphore is taken for reading only from kmem_cache_create, right before taking the slab_mutex, so right now there's no much point in using rwsem instead of mutex. However, once list_lru is made per-memcg it will allow list_lru initializations to proceed concurrently. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Vladimir Davydov
|
dbcf73e26c |
memcg: rename some cache id related variables
memcg_limited_groups_array_size, which defines the size of memcg_caches arrays, sounds rather cumbersome. Also it doesn't point anyhow that it's related to kmem/caches stuff. So let's rename it to memcg_nr_cache_ids. It's concise and points us directly to memcg_cache_id. Also, rename kmem_limited_groups to memcg_cache_ida. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vladimir Davydov
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d5b3cf7139 |
memcg: zap memcg_slab_caches and memcg_slab_mutex
mem_cgroup->memcg_slab_caches is a list of kmem caches corresponding to the given cgroup. Currently, it is only used on css free in order to destroy all caches corresponding to the memory cgroup being freed. The list is protected by memcg_slab_mutex. The mutex is also used to protect kmem_cache->memcg_params->memcg_caches arrays and synchronizes kmem_cache_destroy vs memcg_unregister_all_caches. However, we can perfectly get on without these two. To destroy all caches corresponding to a memory cgroup, we can walk over the global list of kmem caches, slab_caches, and we can do all the synchronization stuff using the slab_mutex instead of the memcg_slab_mutex. This patch therefore gets rid of the memcg_slab_caches and memcg_slab_mutex. Apart from this nice cleanup, it also: - assures that rcu_barrier() is called once at max when a root cache is destroyed or a memory cgroup is freed, no matter how many caches have SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU flag set; - fixes the race between kmem_cache_destroy and kmem_cache_create that exists, because memcg_cleanup_cache_params, which is called from kmem_cache_destroy after checking that kmem_cache->refcount=0, releases the slab_mutex, which gives kmem_cache_create a chance to make an alias to a cache doomed to be destroyed. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vladimir Davydov
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3e0350a364 |
memcg: zap memcg_name argument of memcg_create_kmem_cache
Instead of passing the name of the memory cgroup which the cache is created for in the memcg_name_argument, let's obtain it immediately in memcg_create_kmem_cache. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vaishali Thakkar
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7c4da061f2 |
mm/slab_common.c: use kmem_cache_free()
Here, free memory is allocated using kmem_cache_zalloc. So, use
kmem_cache_free instead of kfree.
This is done using Coccinelle and semantic patch used
is as follows:
@@
expression x,E,c;
@@
x = \(kmem_cache_alloc\|kmem_cache_zalloc\|kmem_cache_alloc_node\)(c,...)
... when != x = E
when != &x
?-kfree(x)
+kmem_cache_free(c,x)
Signed-off-by: Vaishali Thakkar <vthakkar1994@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Vladimir Davydov
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b047501cd9 |
memcg: use generic slab iterators for showing slabinfo
Let's use generic slab_start/next/stop for showing memcg caches info. In contrast to the current implementation, this will work even if all memcg caches' info doesn't fit into a seq buffer (a page), plus it simply looks neater. Actually, the main reason I do this isn't mere cleanup. I'm going to zap the memcg_slab_caches list, because I find it useless provided we have the slab_caches list, and this patch is a step in this direction. It should be noted that before this patch an attempt to read memory.kmem.slabinfo of a cgroup that doesn't have kmem limit set resulted in -EIO, while after this patch it will silently show nothing except the header, but I don't think it will frustrate anyone. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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5436205738 |
mm/slab: reverse iteration on find_mergeable()
Unlike SLUB, sometimes, object isn't started at the beginning of the slab
in the SLAB. This causes the unalignment problem when after slab merging
is supported by commit
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Vladimir Davydov
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1df3b26f20 |
slab: print slabinfo header in seq show
Currently we print the slabinfo header in the seq start method, which makes it unusable for showing leaks, so we have leaks_show, which does practically the same as s_show except it doesn't show the header. However, we can print the header in the seq show method - we only need to check if the current element is the first on the list. This will allow us to use the same set of seq iterators for both leaks and slabinfo reporting, which is nice. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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95069ac8da |
mm/slab: fix unalignment problem on Malta with EVA due to slab merge
Unlike SLUB, sometimes, object isn't started at the beginning of the
slab in SLAB. This causes the unalignment problem after slab merging is
supported by commit
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Mikulas Patocka
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8aba7e0a2c |
mm/slab_common: don't check for duplicate cache names
The SLUB cache merges caches with the same size and alignment and there was long standing bug with this behavior: - create the cache named "foo" - create the cache named "bar" (which is merged with "foo") - delete the cache named "foo" (but it stays allocated because "bar" uses it) - create the cache named "foo" again - it fails because the name "foo" is already used That bug was fixed in commit |
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Vladimir Davydov
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6f817f4cda |
memcg: move memcg_update_cache_size() to slab_common.c
`While growing per memcg caches arrays, we jump between memcontrol.c and
slab_common.c in a weird way:
memcg_alloc_cache_id - memcontrol.c
memcg_update_all_caches - slab_common.c
memcg_update_cache_size - memcontrol.c
There's absolutely no reason why memcg_update_cache_size can't live on the
slab's side though. So let's move it there and settle it comfortably amid
per-memcg cache allocation functions.
Besides, this patch cleans this function up a bit, removing all the
useless comments from it, and renames it to memcg_update_cache_params to
conform to memcg_alloc/free_cache_params, which we already have in
slab_common.c.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Vladimir Davydov
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33a690c45b |
memcg: move memcg_{alloc,free}_cache_params to slab_common.c
The only reason why they live in memcontrol.c is that we get/put css
reference to the owner memory cgroup in them. However, we can do that in
memcg_{un,}register_cache. OTOH, there are several reasons to move them
to slab_common.c.
First, I think that the less public interface functions we have in
memcontrol.h the better. Since the functions I move don't depend on
memcontrol, I think it's worth making them private to slab, especially
taking into account that the arrays are defined on the slab's side too.
Second, the way how per-memcg arrays are updated looks rather awkward: it
proceeds from memcontrol.c (__memcg_activate_kmem) to slab_common.c
(memcg_update_all_caches) and back to memcontrol.c again
(memcg_update_array_size). In the following patches I move the function
relocating the arrays (memcg_update_array_size) to slab_common.c and
therefore get rid this circular call path. I think we should have the
cache allocation stuff in the same place where we have relocation, because
it's easier to follow the code then. So I move arrays alloc/free
functions to slab_common.c too.
The third point isn't obvious. I'm going to make the list_lru structure
per-memcg to allow targeted kmem reclaim. That means we will have
per-memcg arrays in list_lrus too. It turns out that it's much easier to
update these arrays in list_lru.c rather than in memcontrol.c, because all
the stuff we need is defined there. This patch makes memcg caches arrays
allocation path conform that of the upcoming list_lru.
So let's move these functions to slab_common.c and make them static.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Joonsoo Kim
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423c929cbb |
mm/slab_common: commonize slab merge logic
Slab merge is good feature to reduce fragmentation. Now, it is only applied to SLUB, but, it would be good to apply it to SLAB. This patch is preparation step to apply slab merge to SLAB by commonizing slab merge logic. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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07f361b2be |
mm/slab_common: move kmem_cache definition to internal header
We don't need to keep kmem_cache definition in include/linux/slab.h if we don't need to inline kmem_cache_size(). According to my code inspection, this function is only called at lc_create() in lib/lru_cache.c which may be called at initialization phase of something, so we don't need to inline it. Therfore, move it to slab_common.c and move kmem_cache definition to internal header. After this change, we can change kmem_cache definition easily without full kernel build. For instance, we can turn on/off CONFIG_SLUB_STATS without full kernel build. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: export kmem_cache_size() to modules] [rdunlap@infradead.org: add header files to fix kmemcheck.c build errors] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrew Morton
|
3aa24f519e |
mm/slab_common.c: suppress warning
False positive: mm/slab_common.c: In function 'kmem_cache_create': mm/slab_common.c:204: warning: 's' may be used uninitialized in this function Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |