On 64-bit, relocation is not required unless the load address gets
changed. Without this, relocations do unexpected things when the kernel
is above 4G.
Reported-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Thomas D. <whissi@whissi.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@suse.com>
Cc: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@gmail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150116005146.GA4212@www.outflux.net
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Pull x86 boot and percpu updates from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree contains a bootable images documentation update plus three
slightly misplaced x86/asm percpu changes/optimizations"
* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86-64: Use RIP-relative addressing for most per-CPU accesses
x86-64: Handle PC-relative relocations on per-CPU data
x86: Convert a few more per-CPU items to read-mostly ones
x86, boot: Document intermediates more clearly
When choosing a random address, the current implementation does not take into
account the reversed space for .bss and .brk sections. Thus the relocated kernel
may overlap other components in memory. Here is an example of the overlap from a
x86_64 kernel in qemu (the ranges of physical addresses are presented):
Physical Address
0x0fe00000 --+--------------------+ <-- randomized base
/ | relocated kernel |
vmlinux.bin | (from vmlinux.bin) |
0x1336d000 (an ELF file) +--------------------+--
\ | | \
0x1376d870 --+--------------------+ |
| relocs table | |
0x13c1c2a8 +--------------------+ .bss and .brk
| | |
0x13ce6000 +--------------------+ |
| | /
0x13f77000 | initrd |--
| |
0x13fef374 +--------------------+
The initrd image will then be overwritten by the memset during early
initialization:
[ 1.655204] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 1.662831] Initramfs unpacking failed: junk in compressed archive
This patch prevents the above situation by requiring a larger space when looking
for a random kernel base, so that existing logic can effectively avoids the
overlap.
[kees: switched to perl to avoid hex translation pain in mawk vs gawk]
[kees: calculated overlap without relocs table]
Fixes: 82fa9637a2 ("x86, kaslr: Select random position from e820 maps")
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1414762838-13067-1-git-send-email-eternal.n08@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
As requested by Linus add explicit __visible to the asmlinkage users.
This marks all functions visible to assembler.
Tree sweep for arch/x86/*
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1398984278-29319-3-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Currently compressed/misc.c needs to link against memset(). I think one of
the reasons of this need is inclusion of various header files which define
static inline functions and use memset() inside these. For example,
include/linux/bitmap.h
I think trying to include "../string.h" and using builtin version of memset
does not work because by the time "#define memset" shows up, it is too
late. Some other header file has already used memset() and expects to
find a definition during link phase.
Currently we have a C definitoin of memset() in misc.c. Move it to
compressed/string.c so that others can use it if need be.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1395170800-11059-6-git-send-email-vgoyal@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Move optimized versions of memcpy to compressed/string.c This will allow
any other code to use these functions too if need be in future. Again
trying to put definition in a common place instead of hiding it in misc.c
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1395170800-11059-4-git-send-email-vgoyal@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Counts available alignment positions across all e820 maps, and chooses
one randomly for the new kernel base address, making sure not to collide
with unsafe memory areas.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381450698-28710-5-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
This allows decompress_kernel to return a new location for the kernel to
be relocated to. Additionally, enforces CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START as the
minimum relocation position when building with CONFIG_RELOCATABLE.
With CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE set, the choose_kernel_location routine
will select a new location to decompress the kernel, though here it is
presently a no-op. The kernel command line option "nokaslr" is introduced
to bypass these routines.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381450698-28710-3-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Moves the relocation handling into C, after decompression. This requires
that the decompressed size is passed to the decompression routine as
well so that relocations can be found. Only kernels that need relocation
support will use the code (currently just x86_32), but this is laying
the ground work for 64-bit using it in support of KASLR.
Based on work by Neill Clift and Michael Davidson.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130708161517.GA4832@www.outflux.net
Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Use the new sentinel field to detect bootloaders which fail to follow
protocol and don't initialize fields in struct boot_params that they
do not explicitly initialize to zero.
Based on an original patch and research by Yinghai Lu.
Changed by hpa to be invoked both in the decompression path and in the
kernel proper; the latter for the case where a bootloader takes over
decompression.
Originally-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1359058816-7615-26-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
As we're no longer using the flag we don't need to extract the value from the
command line and store it. This is a step towards removing command line
parameter code.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-6-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Changed putstr flagging from parameter to conditional compilation for puts,
debug_putstr, and error_putstr. This allows for space savings since most
configurations won't use this feature.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-5-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
For consistency we changed the error output path to match the new debug path.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-4-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Change all instances of if (debug) putstr(...) to a new debug_putstr(...).
This allows a future change to conditionally stub out debug_putstr to save
space.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-3-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
There are only 3 uses of the quiet flag and they all protect output that
is only useful for debugging the stub, therefore we switched to using the
debug flag for all extra output.
Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-2-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
This integrates the XZ decompression code to the x86 pre-boot code.
mkpiggy.c is updated to reserve about 32 KiB more buffer safety margin for
kernel decompression. It is done unconditionally for all decompressors to
keep the code simpler.
The XZ decompressor needs around 30 KiB of heap, so the heap size is
increased to 32 KiB on both x86-32 and x86-64.
Documentation/x86/boot.txt is updated to list the XZ magic number.
With the x86 BCJ filter in XZ, XZ-compressed x86 kernel tends to be a few
percent smaller than the equivalent LZMA-compressed kernel.
Signed-off-by: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A relocatable kernel can be anywhere in lowmem -- and in the case of a
kdump kernel, is likely to be fairly high. Since the early page
tables map everything from address zero up we need to make sure we
allocate enough brk that we can map all of lowmem if we need to.
Reported-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <4D0AD3ED.8070607@kernel.org>
The kernel decompression code parses the ELF header and then copies
the segment to the corresponding destination. Currently it uses slow
byte-copy code. This patch makes it use the string copy operations
instead.
In the test the copy performance can be improved very significantly after using
the string copy operation mechanism.
1. The copy time can be reduced from 150ms to 20ms on one Atom machine
2. The copy time can be reduced about 80% on another machine
The time is reduced from 7ms to 1.5ms when using 32-bit kernel.
The time is reduced from 10ms to 2ms when using 64-bit kernel.
Signed-off-by: Zhao Yakui <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <1286502453-7043-1-git-send-email-yakui.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
This enables the decompressor output to be seen on the serial console.
Most of the code is shared with the regular boot code.
We could add printf to the decompressor if needed, but currently there
is no sufficiently compelling user.
-v2: define BOOT_BOOT_H to avoid include boot.h
-v3: early_serial_base need to be static in misc.c ?
-v4: create seperate string.c printf.c cmdline.c early_serial_console.c
after hpa's patch that allow global variables in compressed/misc stage
-v5: remove printf.c related
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
* 'x86-setup-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, setup: Don't skip mode setting for the standard VGA modes
x86-64, setup: Inhibit decompressor output if video info is invalid
x86, setup: When restoring the screen, update boot_params.screen_info
Inhibit output from the kernel decompressor if the video information
is invalid. This was already the case for 32 bits, make 64 bits
match.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
LKML-Reference: <tip-*@git.kernel.org>
Iomem has no special significance on x86. Use the standard mem*
functions instead of trying to call other versions. Some fixups
are needed to match the function prototypes.
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1265380629-3212-6-git-send-email-brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
The necessary changes to the x86 Kconfig and boot/compressed to allow the
use of this new compression method
Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Tested-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c contains several sanity checks on the
output address. Correct constraints that are no longer correct:
- the alignment test should be MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN on both 32 and 64
bits.
- the 64 bit maximum address was set to 2^40, which was the limit of
one specific x86-64 implementation. Change the test to 2^46, the
current Linux limit, and at least try to test the end rather than
the beginning.
- for non-relocatable kernels, test against LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR on both
32 and 64 bits.
[ Impact: fix potential boot failure due to invalid tests ]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Impact: Replaces x86 kernel decompressor with new code
This is the third part of the bzip2/lzma patch
The bzip patch is based on an idea by Christian Ludwig, includes support for
compressing the kernel with bzip2 or lzma rather than gzip. Both
compressors give smaller sizes than gzip. Lzma's decompresses faster
than bzip2.
It also supports ramdisks and initramfs' compressed using these two
compressors.
The functionality has been successfully used for a couple of years by
the udpcast project
This version applies to "tip" kernel 2.6.28
This part contains:
- support for new bzip2 and lzma kernel compression for x86
Signed-off-by: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Change header guards named "ASM_X86__*" to "_ASM_X86_*" since:
a. the double underscore is ugly and pointless.
b. no leading underscore violates namespace constraints.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Inflate requires some dynamic memory allocation very early in the boot
process and this is provided with a set of four functions:
malloc/free/gzip_mark/gzip_release.
The old inflate code used a mark/release strategy rather than implement
free. This new version instead keeps a count on the number of outstanding
allocations and when it hits zero, it resets the malloc arena.
This allows removing all the mark and release implementations and unifying
all the malloc/free implementations.
The architecture-dependent code must define two addresses:
- free_mem_ptr, the address of the beginning of the area in which
allocations should be made
- free_mem_end_ptr, the address of the end of the area in which
allocations should be made. If set to 0, then no check is made on
the number of allocations, it just grows as much as needed
The architecture-dependent code can also provide an arch_decomp_wdog()
function call. This function will be called several times during the
decompression process, and allow to notify the watchdog that the system is
still running. If an architecture provides such a call, then it must
define ARCH_HAS_DECOMP_WDOG so that the generic inflate code calls
arch_decomp_wdog().
Work initially done by Matt Mackall, updated to a recent version of the
kernel and improved by me.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch consolidates the header guard names which are also used
externally, i.e. in .c files.
Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
This patch allows the disabling of decompression messages during
x86 bootup.
Signed-off-by: Ben Collins <ben.collins@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
... so it could fall back to normal numa and we'd reduce the impact of the
NUMAQ subarch.
NUMAQ depends on GENERICARCH
also decouple genericarch numa from acpi.
also make it fall back to bigsmp if apicid > 8.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch lets the early real mode code look for the 'quiet' option
on the kernel command line and pass a loadflag to the decompressor.
When this flag is set, we suppress the "Decompressing Linux... Parsing
ELF... done." messages.
Signed-off-by: Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Replace hardcoded offsets embedded in macros in
arch/x86/boot/compressed with proper structure references.
Signed-off-by: Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
The kernel decompressor wrapper uses memory located beyond the
end of the image. This might lead to hard to debug problems,
but even if it can be proven to be safe, it is at the very
least unclean. I don't see any advantages either, unless you
count it not being zeroed out as an advantage. This patch
moves the boot-heap area to the bss segment.
Signed-off-by: Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@fastmail.fm>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
In arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c, the variable vidmem is
the only variable that ends up in de data segment. It's also
superfluous, because the first thing the code does is:
if (RM_SCREEN_INFO.orig_video_mode == 7) {
vidmem = (char *) 0xb0000;
vidport = 0x3b4;
} else {
vidmem = (char *) 0xb8000;
vidport = 0x3d4;
}
This patch removes the initialisation.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Ian Campbell <ijc@hellion.org.uk>
Cc: Ian Campbell <ijc@hellion.org.uk>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Remainder of unification can occur inplace.
size reports no change in arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.
Signed-off-by: Ian Campbell <ijc@hellion.org.uk>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
