Pass the xfs_icreate_args object to xfs_dialloc since we can extract the
relevant mode (really just the file type) and parent inumber from there.
This simplifies the calling convention in preparation for the next
patch.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Move the directory entry update hook code to xfs_dir2 so that it is
mostly consolidated with the higher level directory functions. Retain
the exports so that online fsck can still send notifications through the
hooks.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Create a new libxfs function to link a newly created inode into a
directory. The upcoming metadata directory feature will need this to
create a metadata directory tree.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
INIT_XATTRS is overloaded here -- it's set during the creat process when
we think that we're immediately going to set some ACL xattrs to save
time. However, it's also used by the parent pointers code to enable the
attr fork in preparation to receive ppptr xattrs. This results in
xfs_has_parent() branches scattered around the codebase to turn on
INIT_XATTRS.
Linkable files are created far more commonly than unlinkable temporary
files or directory tree roots, so we should centralize this logic in
xfs_inode_init. For the three callers that don't want parent pointers
(online repiar tempfiles, unlinkable tempfiles, rootdir creation) we
provide an UNLINKABLE flag to skip attr fork initialization.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Create a helper that calls dqalloc to allocate and grab a reference to
dquots for the user, group, and project ids listed in an icreate
structure. This simplifies the creat-related dqalloc callsites
scattered around the code base.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Callers that want to create an inode currently pass all possible file
attribute values for the new inode into xfs_init_new_inode as ten
separate parameters. This causes two code maintenance issues: first, we
have large multi-line call sites which programmers must read carefully
to make sure they did not accidentally invert a value. Second, all
three file id parameters must be passed separately to the quota
functions; any discrepancy results in quota count errors.
Clean this up by creating a new icreate_args structure to hold all this
information, some helpers to initialize them properly, and make the
callers pass this structure through to the creation function, whose name
we shorten to xfs_icreate. This eliminates the issues, enables us to
keep the inode init code in sync with userspace via libxfs, and is
needed for future metadata directory tree management.
(A subsequent cleanup will also fix the quota alloc calls.)
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
I noticed that callers of xfs_qm_vop_dqalloc use the following code to
compute the anticipated uid of the new file:
mapped_fsuid(idmap, &init_user_ns);
whereas the VFS uses a slightly different computation for actually
assigning i_uid:
mapped_fsuid(idmap, i_user_ns(inode));
Technically, these are not the same things. According to Christian
Brauner, the only time that inode->i_sb->s_user_ns != &init_user_ns is
when the filesystem was mounted in a new mount namespace by an
unpriviledged user. XFS does not allow this, which is why we've never
seen bug reports about quotas being incorrect or the uid checks in
xfs_qm_vop_create_dqattach tripping debug assertions.
However, this /is/ a logic bomb, so let's make the code consistent.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20240617-weitblick-gefertigt-4a41f37119fa@brauner/
Fixes: c14329d39f ("fs: port fs{g,u}id helpers to mnt_idmap")
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
This patch modifies xfs_symlink to add a parent pointer to the inode.
Signed-off-by: Allison Henderson <allison.henderson@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
[djwong: minor rebase fixups]
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Modify xfs_ialloc to hold locks after return. Caller will be
responsible for manual unlock. We will need this later to hold locks
across parent pointer operations
Signed-off-by: Allison Henderson <allison.henderson@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Catherine Hoang <catherine.hoang@oracle.com>
[djwong: hold the parent ilocked across transaction rolls too]
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Require callers of xfs_symlink_write_target to pass the owner number
explicitly. This sets us up for online repair to be able to write a
remote symlink target to sc->tempip with sc->ip's inumber in the block
heaader.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
The previous commit added a new file mapping exchange flag that enables
us to perform post-exchange processing on file2 once we're done
exchanging the extent mappings. Now add this ability for symlinks.
This isn't used anywhere right now, but we need to have the basic ondisk
flags in place so that a future online symlink repair feature can
salvage the remote target in a temporary link and exchange the data fork
mappings when ready. If one file is in extents format and the other is
inline, we will have to promote both to extents format to perform the
exchange. After the exchange, we can try to condense the fixed symlink
down to inline format if possible.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Move xfs_symlink_write_target to xfs_symlink_remote.c so that kernel and
mkfs can share the same function.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Move xfs_readlink_bmap_ilocked to xfs_symlink_remote.c so that the
swapext code can use it to convert a remote format symlink back to
shortform format after a metadata repair. While we're at it, fix a
broken printf prefix.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Move declarations for libxfs symlink functions into a separate header
file like we do for most everything else.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Whenever we encounter corrupt symbolic link blocks, we should report
that to the health monitoring system for later reporting.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Create the necessary hooks in the directory operations
(create/link/unlink/rename) code so that our live nlink scrub code can
stay up to date with link count updates in the rest of the filesystem.
This will be the means to keep our shadow link count information up to
date while the scan runs in real time.
In online fsck part 2, we'll use these same hooks to handle repairs
to directories and parent pointer information.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
To use the new rwsem_assert_held()/rwsem_assert_held_write(), we can't
use the existing ASSERT macro. Add a new xfs_assert_ilocked() and
convert all the callers.
Fix an apparent bug in xfs_isilocked(): If the caller specifies
XFS_IOLOCK_EXCL | XFS_ILOCK_EXCL, xfs_assert_ilocked() will check both
the IOLOCK and the ILOCK are held for write. xfs_isilocked() only
checked that the ILOCK was held for write.
xfs_assert_ilocked() is always on, even if DEBUG or XFS_WARN aren't
defined. It's a cheap check, so I don't think it's worth defining
it away.
Reviewed-by: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Chandan Babu R <chandanbabu@kernel.org>
The xfs_ifork structure currently has a union of the if_root void pointer
and the if_data char pointer. In either case it is an opaque pointer
that depends on the fork format. Replace the union with a single if_data
void pointer as that is what almost all callers want. Only the symlink
NULL termination code in xfs_init_local_fork actually needs a new local
variable now.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Chandan Babu R <chandanbabu@kernel.org>
In a few patches, we'll add some online repair code that tries to
massage the ondisk inode record just enough to get it to pass the inode
verifiers so that we can continue with more file repairs. Part of that
massaging can include zapping the ondisk forks to clear errors. After
that point, the bmap fork repair functions will rebuild the zapped
forks.
Christoph asked for stronger protections against online repair zapping a
fork to get the inode to load vs. other threads trying to access the
partially repaired file. Do this by adding a special "[DA]FORK_ZAPPED"
inode health flag whenever repair zaps a fork, and sprinkling checks for
that flag into the various file operations for things that don't like
handling an unexpected zero-extents fork.
In practice xfs_scrub will scrub and fix the forks almost immediately
after zapping them, so the window is very small. However, if a crash or
unmount should occur, we can still detect these zapped inode forks by
looking for a zero-extents fork when data was expected.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Convert to struct mnt_idmap.
Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
256c8aed2b ("fs: introduce dedicated idmap type for mounts").
This is just the conversion to struct mnt_idmap.
Currently we still pass around the plain namespace that was attached to a
mount. This is in general pretty convenient but it makes it easy to
conflate namespaces that are relevant on the filesystem with namespaces
that are relevent on the mount level. Especially for non-vfs developers
without detailed knowledge in this area this can be a potential source for
bugs.
Once the conversion to struct mnt_idmap is done all helpers down to the
really low-level helpers will take a struct mnt_idmap argument instead of
two namespace arguments. This way it becomes impossible to conflate the two
eliminating the possibility of any bugs. All of the vfs and all filesystems
only operate on struct mnt_idmap.
Acked-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>
Convert to struct mnt_idmap.
Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
256c8aed2b ("fs: introduce dedicated idmap type for mounts").
This is just the conversion to struct mnt_idmap.
Currently we still pass around the plain namespace that was attached to a
mount. This is in general pretty convenient but it makes it easy to
conflate namespaces that are relevant on the filesystem with namespaces
that are relevent on the mount level. Especially for non-vfs developers
without detailed knowledge in this area this can be a potential source for
bugs.
Once the conversion to struct mnt_idmap is done all helpers down to the
really low-level helpers will take a struct mnt_idmap argument instead of
two namespace arguments. This way it becomes impossible to conflate the two
eliminating the possibility of any bugs. All of the vfs and all filesystems
only operate on struct mnt_idmap.
Acked-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>
Replace the shouty macros here with typechecked helper functions.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
The maximum file size that can be represented by the data fork extent counter
in the worst case occurs when all extents are 1 block in length and each block
is 1KB in size.
With XFS_MAX_EXTCNT_DATA_FORK_SMALL representing maximum extent count and with
1KB sized blocks, a file can reach upto,
(2^31) * 1KB = 2TB
This is much larger than the theoretical maximum size of a directory
i.e. XFS_DIR2_SPACE_SIZE * 3 = ~96GB.
Since a directory's inode can never overflow its data fork extent counter,
this commit removes all the overflow checks associated with
it. xfs_dinode_verify() now performs a rough check to verify if a diretory's
data fork is larger than 96GB.
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chandan Babu R <chandan.babu@oracle.com>
- Fix log recovery with da btree buffers when metauuid is in use.
- Fix type coercion problems in xattr buffer size validation.
- Fix a bug in online scrub dir leaf bestcount checking.
- Only run COW recovery when recovering the log.
- Fix symlink target buffer UAF problems and symlink locking problems
by not exposing xfs innards to the VFS.
- Fix incorrect quotaoff lock usage.
- Don't let transactions cancel cleanly if they have deferred work
items attached.
- Fix a UAF when we're deciding if we need to relog an intent item.
- Reduce kvmalloc overhead for log shadow buffers.
- Clean up sysfs attr group usage.
- Fix a bug where scrub's bmap/rmap checking could race with a quota
file block allocation due to insufficient locking.
- Teach scrub to complain about invalid project ids.
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Merge tag 'xfs-5.17-merge-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux
Pull xfs updates from Darrick Wong:
"The big new feature here is that the mount code now only bothers to
try to free stale COW staging extents if the fs unmounted uncleanly.
This should reduce mount times, particularly on filesystems supporting
reflink and containing a large number of allocation groups.
Everything else this cycle are bugfixes, as the iomap folios
conversion should be plenty enough excitement for anyone. That and I
ran out of brain bandwidth after Thanksgiving last year.
Summary:
- Fix log recovery with da btree buffers when metauuid is in use.
- Fix type coercion problems in xattr buffer size validation.
- Fix a bug in online scrub dir leaf bestcount checking.
- Only run COW recovery when recovering the log.
- Fix symlink target buffer UAF problems and symlink locking problems
by not exposing xfs innards to the VFS.
- Fix incorrect quotaoff lock usage.
- Don't let transactions cancel cleanly if they have deferred work
items attached.
- Fix a UAF when we're deciding if we need to relog an intent item.
- Reduce kvmalloc overhead for log shadow buffers.
- Clean up sysfs attr group usage.
- Fix a bug where scrub's bmap/rmap checking could race with a quota
file block allocation due to insufficient locking.
- Teach scrub to complain about invalid project ids"
* tag 'xfs-5.17-merge-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux:
xfs: warn about inodes with project id of -1
xfs: hold quota inode ILOCK_EXCL until the end of dqalloc
xfs: Remove redundant assignment of mp
xfs: reduce kvmalloc overhead for CIL shadow buffers
xfs: sysfs: use default_groups in kobj_type
xfs: prevent UAF in xfs_log_item_in_current_chkpt
xfs: prevent a WARN_ONCE() in xfs_ioc_attr_list()
xfs: Fix comments mentioning xfs_ialloc
xfs: check sb_meta_uuid for dabuf buffer recovery
xfs: fix a bug in the online fsck directory leaf1 bestcount check
xfs: only run COW extent recovery when there are no live extents
xfs: don't expose internal symlink metadata buffers to the vfs
xfs: fix quotaoff mutex usage now that we don't support disabling it
xfs: shut down filesystem if we xfs_trans_cancel with deferred work items
Ian Kent reported that for inline symlinks, it's possible for
vfs_readlink to hang on to the target buffer returned by
_vn_get_link_inline long after it's been freed by xfs inode reclaim.
This is a layering violation -- we should never expose XFS internals to
the VFS.
When the symlink has a remote target, we allocate a separate buffer,
copy the internal information, and let the VFS manage the new buffer's
lifetime. Let's adapt the inline code paths to do this too. It's
less efficient, but fixes the layering violation and avoids the need to
adapt the if_data lifetime to rcu rules. Clearly I don't care about
readlink benchmarks.
As a side note, this fixes the minor locking violation where we can
access the inode data fork without taking any locks; proper locking (and
eliminating the possibility of having to switch inode_operations on a
live inode) is essential to online repair coordinating repairs
correctly.
Reported-by: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Enable the mapped_fs{g,u}id() helpers to support filesystems mounted
with an idmapping. Apart from core mapping helpers that use
mapped_fs{g,u}id() to initialize struct inode's i_{g,u}id fields xfs is
the only place that uses these low-level helpers directly.
The patch only extends the helpers to be able to take the filesystem
idmapping into account. Since we don't actually yet pass the
filesystem's idmapping in no functional changes happen. This will happen
in a final patch.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211123114227.3124056-9-brauner@kernel.org (v1)
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211130121032.3753852-9-brauner@kernel.org (v2)
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211203111707.3901969-9-brauner@kernel.org
Cc: Seth Forshee <sforshee@digitalocean.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Seth Forshee <sforshee@digitalocean.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Remove the shouty macro and instead use the inline function that
matches other state/feature check wrapper naming. This conversion
was done with sed.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Replace m_flags feature checks with xfs_has_<feature>() calls and
rework the setup code to set flags in m_features.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Convert the xfs_sb_version_hasfoo() to checks against
mp->m_features. Checks of the superblock itself during disk
operations (e.g. in the read/write verifiers and the to/from disk
formatters) are not converted - they operate purely on the
superblock state. Everything else should use the mount features.
Large parts of this conversion were done with sed with commands like
this:
for f in `git grep -l xfs_sb_version_has fs/xfs/*.c`; do
sed -i -e 's/xfs_sb_version_has\(.*\)(&\(.*\)->m_sb)/xfs_has_\1(\2)/' $f
done
With manual cleanups for things like "xfs_has_extflgbit" and other
little inconsistencies in naming.
The result is ia lot less typing to check features and an XFS binary
size reduced by a bit over 3kB:
$ size -t fs/xfs/built-in.a
text data bss dec hex filenam
before 1130866 311352 484 1442702 16038e (TOTALS)
after 1127727 311352 484 1439563 15f74b (TOTALS)
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
This is just a simple wrapper around the per-ag inode allocation
that doesn't need to exist. The internal mechanism to select and
allocate within an AG does not need to be exposed outside
xfs_ialloc.c, and it being exposed simply makes it harder to follow
the code and simplify it.
This is simplified by internalising xf_dialloc_select_ag() and
xfs_dialloc_ag() into a single xfs_dialloc() function and then
xfs_dir_ialloc() can go away.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
- Various minor fixes in online scrub.
- Prevent metadata files from being automatically inactivated.
- Validate btree heights by the computed per-btree limits.
- Don't warn about remounting with deprecated mount options.
- Initialize attr forks at create time if we suspect we're going to need
to store them.
- Reduce memory reallocation workouts in the logging code.
- Fix some theoretical math calculation errors in logged buffers that
span multiple discontig memory ranges but contiguous ondisk regions.
- Speedups in dirty buffer bitmap handling.
- Make type verifier functions more inline-happy to reduce overhead.
- Reduce debug overhead in directory checking code.
- Many many typo fixes.
- Begin to handle the permanent loss of the very end of a filesystem.
- Fold struct xfs_icdinode into xfs_inode.
- Deprecate the long defunct BMV_IF_NO_DMAPI_READ from the bmapx ioctl.
- Remove a broken directory block format check from online scrub.
- Fix a bug where we could produce an unnecessarily tall data fork btree
when creating an attr fork.
- Fix scrub and readonly remounts racing.
- Fix a writeback ioend log deadlock problem by dropping the behavior
where we could preallocate a setfilesize transaction.
- Fix some bugs in the new extent count checking code.
- Fix some bugs in the attr fork preallocation code.
- Refactor if_flags out of the incore inode fork data structure.
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Merge tag 'xfs-5.13-merge-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux
Pull xfs updates from Darrick Wong:
"The notable user-visible addition this cycle is ability to remove
space from the last AG in a filesystem. This is the first of many
changes needed for full-fledged support for shrinking a filesystem.
Still needed are (a) the ability to reorganize files and metadata away
from the end of the fs; (b) the ability to remove entire allocation
groups; (c) shrink support for realtime volumes; and (d) thorough
testing of (a-c).
There are a number of performance improvements in this code drop: Dave
streamlined various parts of the buffer logging code and reduced the
cost of various debugging checks, and added the ability to pre-create
the xattr structures while creating files. Brian eliminated
transaction reservations that were being held across writeback (thus
reducing livelock potential.
Other random pieces: Pavel fixed the repetitve warnings about
deprecated mount options, I fixed online fsck to behave itself when a
readonly remount comes in during scrub, and refactored various other
parts of that code, Christoph contributed a lot of refactoring this
cycle. The xfs_icdinode structure has been absorbed into the (incore)
xfs_inode structure, and the format and flags handling around
xfs_inode_fork structures has been simplified. Chandan provided a
number of fixes for extent count overflow related problems that have
been shaken out by debugging knobs added during 5.12.
Summary:
- Various minor fixes in online scrub.
- Prevent metadata files from being automatically inactivated.
- Validate btree heights by the computed per-btree limits.
- Don't warn about remounting with deprecated mount options.
- Initialize attr forks at create time if we suspect we're going to
need to store them.
- Reduce memory reallocation workouts in the logging code.
- Fix some theoretical math calculation errors in logged buffers that
span multiple discontig memory ranges but contiguous ondisk
regions.
- Speedups in dirty buffer bitmap handling.
- Make type verifier functions more inline-happy to reduce overhead.
- Reduce debug overhead in directory checking code.
- Many many typo fixes.
- Begin to handle the permanent loss of the very end of a filesystem.
- Fold struct xfs_icdinode into xfs_inode.
- Deprecate the long defunct BMV_IF_NO_DMAPI_READ from the bmapx
ioctl.
- Remove a broken directory block format check from online scrub.
- Fix a bug where we could produce an unnecessarily tall data fork
btree when creating an attr fork.
- Fix scrub and readonly remounts racing.
- Fix a writeback ioend log deadlock problem by dropping the behavior
where we could preallocate a setfilesize transaction.
- Fix some bugs in the new extent count checking code.
- Fix some bugs in the attr fork preallocation code.
- Refactor if_flags out of the incore inode fork data structure"
* tag 'xfs-5.13-merge-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: (77 commits)
xfs: remove xfs_quiesce_attr declaration
xfs: remove XFS_IFEXTENTS
xfs: remove XFS_IFINLINE
xfs: remove XFS_IFBROOT
xfs: only look at the fork format in xfs_idestroy_fork
xfs: simplify xfs_attr_remove_args
xfs: rename and simplify xfs_bmap_one_block
xfs: move the XFS_IFEXTENTS check into xfs_iread_extents
xfs: drop unnecessary setfilesize helper
xfs: drop unused ioend private merge and setfilesize code
xfs: open code ioend needs workqueue helper
xfs: drop submit side trans alloc for append ioends
xfs: fix return of uninitialized value in variable error
xfs: get rid of the ip parameter to xchk_setup_*
xfs: fix scrub and remount-ro protection when running scrub
xfs: move the check for post-EOF mappings into xfs_can_free_eofblocks
xfs: move the xfs_can_free_eofblocks call under the IOLOCK
xfs: precalculate default inode attribute offset
xfs: default attr fork size does not handle device inodes
xfs: inode fork allocation depends on XFS_IFEXTENT flag
...
The in-memory XFS_IFEXTENTS is now only used to check if an inode with
extents still needs the extents to be read into memory before doing
operations that need the extent map. Add a new xfs_need_iread_extents
helper that returns true for btree format forks that do not have any
entries in the in-memory extent btree, and use that instead of checking
the XFS_IFEXTENTS flag.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Just check for an inline format fork instead of the using the equivalent
in-memory XFS_IFINLINE flag.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
In preparation of removing the historic icinode struct, move the flags
field into the containing xfs_inode structure.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
In preparation of removing the historic icinode struct, move the on-disk
size field into the containing xfs_inode structure.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
When we allocate a new inode, we often need to add an attribute to
the inode as part of the create. This can happen as a result of
needing to add default ACLs or security labels before the inode is
made visible to userspace.
This is highly inefficient right now. We do the create transaction
to allocate the inode, then we do an "add attr fork" transaction to
modify the just created empty inode to set the inode fork offset to
allow attributes to be stored, then we go and do the attribute
creation.
This means 3 transactions instead of 1 to allocate an inode, and
this greatly increases the load on the CIL commit code, resulting in
excessive contention on the CIL spin locks and performance
degradation:
18.99% [kernel] [k] __pv_queued_spin_lock_slowpath
3.57% [kernel] [k] do_raw_spin_lock
2.51% [kernel] [k] __raw_callee_save___pv_queued_spin_unlock
2.48% [kernel] [k] memcpy
2.34% [kernel] [k] xfs_log_commit_cil
The typical profile resulting from running fsmark on a selinux enabled
filesytem is adds this overhead to the create path:
- 15.30% xfs_init_security
- 15.23% security_inode_init_security
- 13.05% xfs_initxattrs
- 12.94% xfs_attr_set
- 6.75% xfs_bmap_add_attrfork
- 5.51% xfs_trans_commit
- 5.48% __xfs_trans_commit
- 5.35% xfs_log_commit_cil
- 3.86% _raw_spin_lock
- do_raw_spin_lock
__pv_queued_spin_lock_slowpath
- 0.70% xfs_trans_alloc
0.52% xfs_trans_reserve
- 5.41% xfs_attr_set_args
- 5.39% xfs_attr_set_shortform.constprop.0
- 4.46% xfs_trans_commit
- 4.46% __xfs_trans_commit
- 4.33% xfs_log_commit_cil
- 2.74% _raw_spin_lock
- do_raw_spin_lock
__pv_queued_spin_lock_slowpath
0.60% xfs_inode_item_format
0.90% xfs_attr_try_sf_addname
- 1.99% selinux_inode_init_security
- 1.02% security_sid_to_context_force
- 1.00% security_sid_to_context_core
- 0.92% sidtab_entry_to_string
- 0.90% sidtab_sid2str_get
0.59% sidtab_sid2str_put.part.0
- 0.82% selinux_determine_inode_label
- 0.77% security_transition_sid
0.70% security_compute_sid.part.0
And fsmark creation rate performance drops by ~25%. The key point to
note here is that half the additional overhead comes from adding the
attribute fork to the newly created inode. That's crazy, considering
we can do this same thing at inode create time with a couple of
lines of code and no extra overhead.
So, if we know we are going to add an attribute immediately after
creating the inode, let's just initialise the attribute fork inside
the create transaction and chop that whole chunk of code out of
the create fast path. This completely removes the performance
drop caused by enabling SELinux, and the profile looks like:
- 8.99% xfs_init_security
- 9.00% security_inode_init_security
- 6.43% xfs_initxattrs
- 6.37% xfs_attr_set
- 5.45% xfs_attr_set_args
- 5.42% xfs_attr_set_shortform.constprop.0
- 4.51% xfs_trans_commit
- 4.54% __xfs_trans_commit
- 4.59% xfs_log_commit_cil
- 2.67% _raw_spin_lock
- 3.28% do_raw_spin_lock
3.08% __pv_queued_spin_lock_slowpath
0.66% xfs_inode_item_format
- 0.90% xfs_attr_try_sf_addname
- 0.60% xfs_trans_alloc
- 2.35% selinux_inode_init_security
- 1.25% security_sid_to_context_force
- 1.21% security_sid_to_context_core
- 1.19% sidtab_entry_to_string
- 1.20% sidtab_sid2str_get
- 0.86% sidtab_sid2str_put.part.0
- 0.62% _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
- 0.77% do_raw_spin_lock
__pv_queued_spin_lock_slowpath
- 0.84% selinux_determine_inode_label
- 0.83% security_transition_sid
0.86% security_compute_sid.part.0
Which indicates the XFS overhead of creating the selinux xattr has
been halved. This doesn't fix the CIL lock contention problem, just
means it's not a limiting factor for this workload. Lock contention
in the security subsystems is going to be an issue soon, though...
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
[djwong: fix compilation error when CONFIG_SECURITY=n]
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Gao Xiang <hsiangkao@redhat.com>
Vivek pointed out that the fs{g,u}id_into_mnt() naming scheme can be
misleading as it could be understood as implying they do the exact same
thing as i_{g,u}id_into_mnt(). The original motivation for this naming
scheme was to signal to callers that the helpers will always take care
to map the k{g,u}id such that the ownership is expressed in terms of the
mnt_users.
Get rid of the confusion by renaming those helpers to something more
sensible. Al suggested mapped_fs{g,u}id() which seems a really good fit.
Usually filesystems don't need to bother with these helpers directly
only in some cases where they allocate objects that carry {g,u}ids which
are either filesystem specific (e.g. xfs quota objects) or don't have a
clean set of helpers as inodes have.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210320122623.599086-3-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Inspired-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Nowadays, we indirectly use the idmap-aware helper functions in the VFS
to set the initial uid and gid of a file being created. Unfortunately,
we didn't convert the quota code, which means we attach the wrong dquots
to files created on an idmapped mount.
Fixes: f736d93d76 ("xfs: support idmapped mounts")
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
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Merge tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux
Pull idmapped mounts from Christian Brauner:
"This introduces idmapped mounts which has been in the making for some
time. Simply put, different mounts can expose the same file or
directory with different ownership. This initial implementation comes
with ports for fat, ext4 and with Christoph's port for xfs with more
filesystems being actively worked on by independent people and
maintainers.
Idmapping mounts handle a wide range of long standing use-cases. Here
are just a few:
- Idmapped mounts make it possible to easily share files between
multiple users or multiple machines especially in complex
scenarios. For example, idmapped mounts will be used in the
implementation of portable home directories in
systemd-homed.service(8) where they allow users to move their home
directory to an external storage device and use it on multiple
computers where they are assigned different uids and gids. This
effectively makes it possible to assign random uids and gids at
login time.
- It is possible to share files from the host with unprivileged
containers without having to change ownership permanently through
chown(2).
- It is possible to idmap a container's rootfs and without having to
mangle every file. For example, Chromebooks use it to share the
user's Download folder with their unprivileged containers in their
Linux subsystem.
- It is possible to share files between containers with
non-overlapping idmappings.
- Filesystem that lack a proper concept of ownership such as fat can
use idmapped mounts to implement discretionary access (DAC)
permission checking.
- They allow users to efficiently changing ownership on a per-mount
basis without having to (recursively) chown(2) all files. In
contrast to chown (2) changing ownership of large sets of files is
instantenous with idmapped mounts. This is especially useful when
ownership of a whole root filesystem of a virtual machine or
container is changed. With idmapped mounts a single syscall
mount_setattr syscall will be sufficient to change the ownership of
all files.
- Idmapped mounts always take the current ownership into account as
idmappings specify what a given uid or gid is supposed to be mapped
to. This contrasts with the chown(2) syscall which cannot by itself
take the current ownership of the files it changes into account. It
simply changes the ownership to the specified uid and gid. This is
especially problematic when recursively chown(2)ing a large set of
files which is commong with the aforementioned portable home
directory and container and vm scenario.
- Idmapped mounts allow to change ownership locally, restricting it
to specific mounts, and temporarily as the ownership changes only
apply as long as the mount exists.
Several userspace projects have either already put up patches and
pull-requests for this feature or will do so should you decide to pull
this:
- systemd: In a wide variety of scenarios but especially right away
in their implementation of portable home directories.
https://systemd.io/HOME_DIRECTORY/
- container runtimes: containerd, runC, LXD:To share data between
host and unprivileged containers, unprivileged and privileged
containers, etc. The pull request for idmapped mounts support in
containerd, the default Kubernetes runtime is already up for quite
a while now: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/4734
- The virtio-fs developers and several users have expressed interest
in using this feature with virtual machines once virtio-fs is
ported.
- ChromeOS: Sharing host-directories with unprivileged containers.
I've tightly synced with all those projects and all of those listed
here have also expressed their need/desire for this feature on the
mailing list. For more info on how people use this there's a bunch of
talks about this too. Here's just two recent ones:
https://www.cncf.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Rootless-Containers-in-Gitpod.pdfhttps://fosdem.org/2021/schedule/event/containers_idmap/
This comes with an extensive xfstests suite covering both ext4 and
xfs:
https://git.kernel.org/brauner/xfstests-dev/h/idmapped_mounts
It covers truncation, creation, opening, xattrs, vfscaps, setid
execution, setgid inheritance and more both with idmapped and
non-idmapped mounts. It already helped to discover an unrelated xfs
setgid inheritance bug which has since been fixed in mainline. It will
be sent for inclusion with the xfstests project should you decide to
merge this.
In order to support per-mount idmappings vfsmounts are marked with
user namespaces. The idmapping of the user namespace will be used to
map the ids of vfs objects when they are accessed through that mount.
By default all vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace.
The initial user namespace is used to indicate that a mount is not
idmapped. All operations behave as before and this is verified in the
testsuite.
Based on prior discussions we want to attach the whole user namespace
and not just a dedicated idmapping struct. This allows us to reuse all
the helpers that already exist for dealing with idmappings instead of
introducing a whole new range of helpers. In addition, if we decide in
the future that we are confident enough to enable unprivileged users
to setup idmapped mounts the permission checking can take into account
whether the caller is privileged in the user namespace the mount is
currently marked with.
The user namespace the mount will be marked with can be specified by
passing a file descriptor refering to the user namespace as an
argument to the new mount_setattr() syscall together with the new
MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP flag. The system call follows the openat2() pattern
of extensibility.
The following conditions must be met in order to create an idmapped
mount:
- The caller must currently have the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability in the
user namespace the underlying filesystem has been mounted in.
- The underlying filesystem must support idmapped mounts.
- The mount must not already be idmapped. This also implies that the
idmapping of a mount cannot be altered once it has been idmapped.
- The mount must be a detached/anonymous mount, i.e. it must have
been created by calling open_tree() with the OPEN_TREE_CLONE flag
and it must not already have been visible in the filesystem.
The last two points guarantee easier semantics for userspace and the
kernel and make the implementation significantly simpler.
By default vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace and no
behavioral or performance changes are observed.
The manpage with a detailed description can be found here:
1d7b902e28
In order to support idmapped mounts, filesystems need to be changed
and mark themselves with the FS_ALLOW_IDMAP flag in fs_flags. The
patches to convert individual filesystem are not very large or
complicated overall as can be seen from the included fat, ext4, and
xfs ports. Patches for other filesystems are actively worked on and
will be sent out separately. The xfstestsuite can be used to verify
that port has been done correctly.
The mount_setattr() syscall is motivated independent of the idmapped
mounts patches and it's been around since July 2019. One of the most
valuable features of the new mount api is the ability to perform
mounts based on file descriptors only.
Together with the lookup restrictions available in the openat2()
RESOLVE_* flag namespace which we added in v5.6 this is the first time
we are close to hardened and race-free (e.g. symlinks) mounting and
path resolution.
While userspace has started porting to the new mount api to mount
proper filesystems and create new bind-mounts it is currently not
possible to change mount options of an already existing bind mount in
the new mount api since the mount_setattr() syscall is missing.
With the addition of the mount_setattr() syscall we remove this last
restriction and userspace can now fully port to the new mount api,
covering every use-case the old mount api could. We also add the
crucial ability to recursively change mount options for a whole mount
tree, both removing and adding mount options at the same time. This
syscall has been requested multiple times by various people and
projects.
There is a simple tool available at
https://github.com/brauner/mount-idmapped
that allows to create idmapped mounts so people can play with this
patch series. I'll add support for the regular mount binary should you
decide to pull this in the following weeks:
Here's an example to a simple idmapped mount of another user's home
directory:
u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo ./mount --idmap both:1000:1001:1 /home/ubuntu/ /mnt
u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 2 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 28 22:07 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 28 04:00 ..
-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 220 Feb 25 2020 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3771 Feb 25 2020 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 807 Feb 25 2020 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo
u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 2 u1001 u1001 4096 Oct 28 22:07 .
drwxr-xr-x 29 root root 4096 Oct 28 22:01 ..
-rw------- 1 u1001 u1001 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 220 Feb 25 2020 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 3771 Feb 25 2020 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 807 Feb 25 2020 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 u1001 u1001 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo
u1001@f2-vm:/$ touch /mnt/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ setfacl -m u:1001:rwx /mnt/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo setcap -n 1001 cap_net_raw+ep /mnt/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/my-file
-rw-rwxr--+ 1 u1001 u1001 0 Oct 28 22:14 /mnt/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/my-file
-rw-rwxr--+ 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 28 22:14 /home/ubuntu/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /mnt/my-file
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: mnt/my-file
# owner: u1001
# group: u1001
user::rw-
user:u1001:rwx
group::rw-
mask::rwx
other::r--
u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /home/ubuntu/my-file
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: home/ubuntu/my-file
# owner: ubuntu
# group: ubuntu
user::rw-
user:ubuntu:rwx
group::rw-
mask::rwx
other::r--"
* tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux: (41 commits)
xfs: remove the possibly unused mp variable in xfs_file_compat_ioctl
xfs: support idmapped mounts
ext4: support idmapped mounts
fat: handle idmapped mounts
tests: add mount_setattr() selftests
fs: introduce MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP
fs: add mount_setattr()
fs: add attr_flags_to_mnt_flags helper
fs: split out functions to hold writers
namespace: only take read lock in do_reconfigure_mnt()
mount: make {lock,unlock}_mount_hash() static
namespace: take lock_mount_hash() directly when changing flags
nfs: do not export idmapped mounts
overlayfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts
ecryptfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts
ima: handle idmapped mounts
apparmor: handle idmapped mounts
fs: make helpers idmap mount aware
exec: handle idmapped mounts
would_dump: handle idmapped mounts
...
For file creation, create a new helper xfs_trans_alloc_icreate that
allocates a transaction and reserves the appropriate amount of quota
against that transction. Replace all the open-coded idioms with a
single call to this helper so that we can contain the retry loops in the
next patchset.
This changes the locking behavior for non-tempfile creation slightly, in
that we now make the quota reservation without holding the directory
ILOCK. While the dquots chosen for inode creation are based on the
directory state at a given point in time, the directory ILOCK was
released as soon as the dquot references are picked up. Hence it was
never necessary to hold the directory ILOCK for the quota reservation.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Create a proper helper so that inode creation calls can reserve quota
with a dedicated function.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Enable idmapped mounts for xfs. This basically just means passing down
the user_namespace argument from the VFS methods down to where it is
passed to the relevant helpers.
Note that full-filesystem bulkstat is not supported from inside idmapped
mounts as it is an administrative operation that acts on the whole file
system. The limitation is not applied to the bulkstat single operation
that just operates on a single inode.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-40-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
When XFS creates a new symlink, it writes its size to disk but not to the
VFS inode. This causes i_size_read() to return 0 for that symlink until
it is re-read from disk, for example when the system is rebooted.
I found this inconsistency while protecting directories with eCryptFS.
The command "stat path/to/symlink/in/ecryptfs" will report "Size: 0" if
the symlink was created after the last reboot on an XFS root.
Call i_size_write() in xfs_symlink()
Signed-off-by: Jeffrey Mitchell <jeffrey.mitchell@starlab.io>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Directory entry addition can cause the following,
1. Data block can be added/removed.
A new extent can cause extent count to increase by 1.
2. Free disk block can be added/removed.
Same behaviour as described above for Data block.
3. Dabtree blocks.
XFS_DA_NODE_MAXDEPTH blocks can be added. Each of these
can be new extents. Hence extent count can increase by
XFS_DA_NODE_MAXDEPTH.
Signed-off-by: Chandan Babu R <chandanrlinux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Prepare for kernel xfs_buf alignment by getting rid of the
xfs_buf_t typedef from userspace.
[darrick: This patch is a port of a userspace patch removing the
xfs_buf_t typedef in preparation to make the userspace xfs_buf code
behave more like its kernel counterpart.]
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Both the data and attr fork have a format that is stored in the legacy
idinode. Move it into the xfs_ifork structure instead, where it uses
up padding.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Chandan Babu R <chandanrlinux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
There are there are three extents counters per inode, one for each of
the forks. Two are in the legacy icdinode and one is directly in
struct xfs_inode. Switch to a single counter in the xfs_ifork structure
where it uses up padding at the end of the structure. This simplifies
various bits of code that just wants the number of extents counter and
can now directly dereference it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Chandan Babu R <chandanrlinux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Since the "no-allocation" reservations has been removed, the resblks
value should be larger than zero, so remove the unnecessary check.
Signed-off-by: Kaixu Xia <kaixuxia@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
The variables 'udqp' and 'gdqp' have been initialized, so remove
redundant variable assignment in xfs_symlink().
Signed-off-by: Kaixu Xia <kaixuxia@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
The size of the dinode structure is only dependent on the file system
version, so instead of checking the individual inode version just use
the newly added xfs_sb_version_has_large_dinode helper, and simplify
various calling conventions.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Chandan Rajendra <chandanrlinux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
