Commit Graph

227 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Shawn Lin
a1c0b1a074 mm/vmalloc: use PAGE_ALIGNED() to check PAGE_SIZE alignment
We have PAGE_ALIGNED() in mm.h, so let's use it instead of IS_ALIGNED()
for checking PAGE_SIZE aligned case.

Signed-off-by: Shawn Lin <shawn.lin@rock-chips.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17 15:09:34 -07:00
Joe Perches
756a025f00 mm: coalesce split strings
Kernel style prefers a single string over split strings when the string is
'user-visible'.

Miscellanea:

 - Add a missing newline
 - Realign arguments

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>	[percpu]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17 15:09:34 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
f48d97f340 mm/vmalloc: query dynamic DEBUG_PAGEALLOC setting
As CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC can be enabled/disabled via kernel parameters
we can optimize some cases by checking the enablement state.

This is follow-up work for Christian's Optimize CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC:

  https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/1/27/194

Remaining work is to make sparc to be aware of this but it looks not
easy for me so I skip that in this series.

This patch (of 5):

We can disable debug_pagealloc processing even if the code is complied
with CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC.  This patch changes the code to query
whether it is enabled or not in runtime.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update comment, per David.  Adjust comment to use 80 cols]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17 15:09:34 -07:00
Wang Xiaoqiang
61e165578d mm/vmalloc.c: use macro IS_ALIGNED to judge the aligment
Just cleanup, no functional change.

Signed-off-by: Wang Xiaoqiang <wangxq10@lzu.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-01-15 17:56:32 -08:00
David Rientjes
244d63ee34 mm, vmalloc: remove VM_VPAGES
VM_VPAGES is unnecessary, it's easier to check is_vmalloc_addr() when
reading /proc/vmallocinfo.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove VM_VPAGES reference via kvfree()]
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-01-14 16:00:49 -08:00
Geliang Tang
6219c2a2ec mm/vmalloc.c: use list_{next,first}_entry
To make the intention clearer, use list_{next,first}_entry instead of
list_entry.

Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@163.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-01-14 16:00:49 -08:00
Vladimir Davydov
37f08dda29 vmalloc: allow to account vmalloc to memcg
Make vmalloc family functions allocate vmalloc area pages with
alloc_kmem_pages so that if __GFP_ACCOUNT is set they will be accounted
to memcg.  This is needed, at least, to account alloc_fdmem allocations.

Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-01-14 16:00:49 -08:00
Jerome Marchand
7511c3ede7 mm: vmalloc: don't remove inexistent guard hole in remove_vm_area()
Commit 71394fe501 ("mm: vmalloc: add flag preventing guard hole
allocation") missed a spot.  Currently remove_vm_area() decreases vm->size
to "remove" the guard hole page, even when it isn't present.  All but one
users just free the vm_struct rigth away and never access vm->size anyway.

Don't touch the size in remove_vm_area() and have __vunmap() use the
proper get_vm_area_size() helper.

Signed-off-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-20 16:17:32 -08:00
Mel Gorman
dd56b04642 mm: page_alloc: hide some GFP internals and document the bits and flag combinations
Andrew stated the following

	We have quite a history of remote parts of the kernel using
	weird/wrong/inexplicable combinations of __GFP_ flags.	I tend
	to think that this is because we didn't adequately explain the
	interface.

	And I don't think that gfp.h really improved much in this area as
	a result of this patchset.  Could you go through it some time and
	decide if we've adequately documented all this stuff?

This patches first moves some GFP flag combinations that are part of the MM
internals to mm/internal.h. The rest of the patch documents the __GFP_FOO
bits under various headings and then documents the flag combinations. It
will not help callers that are brain damaged but the clarity might motivate
some fixes and avoid future mistakes.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06 17:50:42 -08:00
Mel Gorman
d0164adc89 mm, page_alloc: distinguish between being unable to sleep, unwilling to sleep and avoiding waking kswapd
__GFP_WAIT has been used to identify atomic context in callers that hold
spinlocks or are in interrupts.  They are expected to be high priority and
have access one of two watermarks lower than "min" which can be referred
to as the "atomic reserve".  __GFP_HIGH users get access to the first
lower watermark and can be called the "high priority reserve".

Over time, callers had a requirement to not block when fallback options
were available.  Some have abused __GFP_WAIT leading to a situation where
an optimisitic allocation with a fallback option can access atomic
reserves.

This patch uses __GFP_ATOMIC to identify callers that are truely atomic,
cannot sleep and have no alternative.  High priority users continue to use
__GFP_HIGH.  __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM identifies callers that can sleep and
are willing to enter direct reclaim.  __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM to identify
callers that want to wake kswapd for background reclaim.  __GFP_WAIT is
redefined as a caller that is willing to enter direct reclaim and wake
kswapd for background reclaim.

This patch then converts a number of sites

o __GFP_ATOMIC is used by callers that are high priority and have memory
  pools for those requests. GFP_ATOMIC uses this flag.

o Callers that have a limited mempool to guarantee forward progress clear
  __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM but keep __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM. bio allocations fall
  into this category where kswapd will still be woken but atomic reserves
  are not used as there is a one-entry mempool to guarantee progress.

o Callers that are checking if they are non-blocking should use the
  helper gfpflags_allow_blocking() where possible. This is because
  checking for __GFP_WAIT as was done historically now can trigger false
  positives. Some exceptions like dm-crypt.c exist where the code intent
  is clearer if __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM is used instead of the helper due to
  flag manipulations.

o Callers that built their own GFP flags instead of starting with GFP_KERNEL
  and friends now also need to specify __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM.

The first key hazard to watch out for is callers that removed __GFP_WAIT
and was depending on access to atomic reserves for inconspicuous reasons.
In some cases it may be appropriate for them to use __GFP_HIGH.

The second key hazard is callers that assembled their own combination of
GFP flags instead of starting with something like GFP_KERNEL.  They may
now wish to specify __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM.  It's almost certainly harmless
if it's missed in most cases as other activity will wake kswapd.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06 17:50:42 -08:00
Alexander Kuleshov
891c49abfb mm/vmalloc: use offset_in_page macro
linux/mm.h provides offset_in_page() macro.  Let's use already predefined
macro instead of (addr & ~PAGE_MASK).

Signed-off-by: Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-05 19:34:48 -08:00
Linus Torvalds
a5ad88ce8c mm: get rid of 'vmalloc_info' from /proc/meminfo
It turns out that at least some versions of glibc end up reading
/proc/meminfo at every single startup, because glibc wants to know the
amount of memory the machine has.  And while that's arguably insane,
it's just how things are.

And it turns out that it's not all that expensive most of the time, but
the vmalloc information statistics (amount of virtual memory used in the
vmalloc space, and the biggest remaining chunk) can be rather expensive
to compute.

The 'get_vmalloc_info()' function actually showed up on my profiles as
4% of the CPU usage of "make test" in the git source repository, because
the git tests are lots of very short-lived shell-scripts etc.

It turns out that apparently this same silly vmalloc info gathering
shows up on the facebook servers too, according to Dave Jones.  So it's
not just "make test" for git.

We had two patches to just cache the information (one by me, one by
Ingo) to mitigate this issue, but the whole vmalloc information of of
rather dubious value to begin with, and people who *actually* want to
know what the situation is wrt the vmalloc area should just look at the
much more complete /proc/vmallocinfo instead.

In fact, according to my testing - and perhaps more importantly,
according to that big search engine in the sky: Google - there is
nothing out there that actually cares about those two expensive fields:
VmallocUsed and VmallocChunk.

So let's try to just remove them entirely.  Actually, this just removes
the computation and reports the numbers as zero for now, just to try to
be minimally intrusive.

If this breaks anything, we'll obviously have to re-introduce the code
to compute this all and add the caching patches on top.  But if given
the option, I'd really prefer to just remove this bad idea entirely
rather than add even more code to work around our historical mistake
that likely nobody really cares about.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-01 17:09:15 -08:00
Roman Pen
7d61bfe8fd mm/vmalloc: get rid of dirty bitmap inside vmap_block structure
In original implementation of vm_map_ram made by Nick Piggin there were
two bitmaps: alloc_map and dirty_map.  None of them were used as supposed
to be: finding a suitable free hole for next allocation in block.
vm_map_ram allocates space sequentially in block and on free call marks
pages as dirty, so freed space can't be reused anymore.

Actually it would be very interesting to know the real meaning of those
bitmaps, maybe implementation was incomplete, etc.

But long time ago Zhang Yanfei removed alloc_map by these two commits:

  mm/vmalloc.c: remove dead code in vb_alloc
     3fcd76e802
  mm/vmalloc.c: remove alloc_map from vmap_block
     b8e748b6c3

In this patch I replaced dirty_map with two range variables: dirty min and
max.  These variables store minimum and maximum position of dirty space in
a block, since we need only to know the dirty range, not exact position of
dirty pages.

Why it was made?  Several reasons: at first glance it seems that
vm_map_ram allocator concerns about fragmentation thus it uses bitmaps for
finding free hole, but it is not true.  To avoid complexity seems it is
better to use something simple, like min or max range values.  Secondly,
code also becomes simpler, without iteration over bitmap, just comparing
values in min and max macros.  Thirdly, bitmap occupies up to 1024 bits
(4MB is a max size of a block).  Here I replaced the whole bitmap with two
longs.

Finally vm_unmap_aliases should be slightly faster and the whole
vmap_block structure occupies less memory.

Signed-off-by: Roman Pen <r.peniaev@gmail.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: WANG Chao <chaowang@redhat.com>
Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Rob Jones <rob.jones@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 16:35:18 -07:00
Roman Pen
cf725ce274 mm/vmalloc: occupy newly allocated vmap block just after allocation
Previous implementation allocates new vmap block and repeats search of a
free block from the very beginning, iterating over the CPU free list.

Why it can be better??

1. Allocation can happen on one CPU, but search can be done on another CPU.
   In worst case we preallocate amount of vmap blocks which is equal to
   CPU number on the system.

2. In previous patch I added newly allocated block to the tail of free list
   to avoid soon exhaustion of virtual space and give a chance to occupy
   blocks which were allocated long time ago.  Thus to find newly allocated
   block all the search sequence should be repeated, seems it is not efficient.

In this patch newly allocated block is occupied right away, address of
virtual space is returned to the caller, so there is no any need to repeat
the search sequence, allocation job is done.

Signed-off-by: Roman Pen <r.peniaev@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: WANG Chao <chaowang@redhat.com>
Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Rob Jones <rob.jones@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 16:35:18 -07:00
Roman Pen
68ac546f26 mm/vmalloc: fix possible exhaustion of vmalloc space caused by vm_map_ram allocator
Recently I came across high fragmentation of vm_map_ram allocator:
vmap_block has free space, but still new blocks continue to appear.
Further investigation showed that certain mapping/unmapping sequences
can exhaust vmalloc space.  On small 32bit systems that's not a big
problem, cause purging will be called soon on a first allocation failure
(alloc_vmap_area), but on 64bit machines, e.g.  x86_64 has 45 bits of
vmalloc space, that can be a disaster.

1) I came up with a simple allocation sequence, which exhausts virtual
   space very quickly:

  while (iters) {

                /* Map/unmap big chunk */
                vaddr = vm_map_ram(pages, 16, -1, PAGE_KERNEL);
                vm_unmap_ram(vaddr, 16);

                /* Map/unmap small chunks.
                 *
                 * -1 for hole, which should be left at the end of each block
                 * to keep it partially used, with some free space available */
                for (i = 0; i < (VMAP_BBMAP_BITS - 16) / 8 - 1; i++) {
                        vaddr = vm_map_ram(pages, 8, -1, PAGE_KERNEL);
                        vm_unmap_ram(vaddr, 8);
                }
  }

The idea behind is simple:

 1. We have to map a big chunk, e.g. 16 pages.

 2. Then we have to occupy the remaining space with smaller chunks, i.e.
    8 pages. At the end small hole should remain to keep block in free list,
    but do not let big chunk to occupy remaining space.

 3. Goto 1 - allocation request of 16 pages can't be completed (only 8 slots
    are left free in the block in the #2 step), new block will be allocated,
    all further requests will lay into newly allocated block.

To have some measurement numbers for all further tests I setup ftrace and
enabled 4 basic calls in a function profile:

        echo vm_map_ram              > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_ftrace_filter;
        echo alloc_vmap_area        >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_ftrace_filter;
        echo vm_unmap_ram           >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_ftrace_filter;
        echo free_vmap_block        >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_ftrace_filter;

So for this scenario I got these results:

BEFORE (all new blocks are put to the head of a free list)
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_stat/function0
  Function                               Hit    Time            Avg             s^2
  --------                               ---    ----            ---             ---
  vm_map_ram                          126000    30683.30 us     0.243 us        30819.36 us
  vm_unmap_ram                        126000    22003.24 us     0.174 us        340.886 us
  alloc_vmap_area                       1000    4132.065 us     4.132 us        0.903 us

AFTER (all new blocks are put to the tail of a free list)
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_stat/function0
  Function                               Hit    Time            Avg             s^2
  --------                               ---    ----            ---             ---
  vm_map_ram                          126000    28713.13 us     0.227 us        24944.70 us
  vm_unmap_ram                        126000    20403.96 us     0.161 us        1429.872 us
  alloc_vmap_area                        993    3916.795 us     3.944 us        29.370 us
  free_vmap_block                        992    654.157 us      0.659 us        1.273 us

SUMMARY:

The most interesting numbers in those tables are numbers of block
allocations and deallocations: alloc_vmap_area and free_vmap_block
calls, which show that before the change blocks were not freed, and
virtual space and physical memory (vmap_block structure allocations,
etc) were consumed.

Average time which were spent in vm_map_ram/vm_unmap_ram became slightly
better.  That can be explained with a reasonable amount of blocks in a
free list, which we need to iterate to find a suitable free block.

2) Another scenario is a random allocation:

  while (iters) {

                /* Randomly take number from a range [1..32/64] */
                nr = rand(1, VMAP_MAX_ALLOC);
                vaddr = vm_map_ram(pages, nr, -1, PAGE_KERNEL);
                vm_unmap_ram(vaddr, nr);
  }

I chose mersenne twister PRNG to generate persistent random state to
guarantee that both runs have the same random sequence.  For each
vm_map_ram call random number from [1..32/64] was taken to represent
amount of pages which I do map.

I did 10'000 vm_map_ram calls and got these two tables:

BEFORE (all new blocks are put to the head of a free list)

# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_stat/function0
  Function                               Hit    Time            Avg             s^2
  --------                               ---    ----            ---             ---
  vm_map_ram                           10000    10170.01 us     1.017 us        993.609 us
  vm_unmap_ram                         10000    5321.823 us     0.532 us        59.789 us
  alloc_vmap_area                        420    2150.239 us     5.119 us        3.307 us
  free_vmap_block                         37    159.587 us      4.313 us        134.344 us

AFTER (all new blocks are put to the tail of a free list)

# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_stat/function0
  Function                               Hit    Time            Avg             s^2
  --------                               ---    ----            ---             ---
  vm_map_ram                           10000    7745.637 us     0.774 us        395.229 us
  vm_unmap_ram                         10000    5460.573 us     0.546 us        67.187 us
  alloc_vmap_area                        414    2201.650 us     5.317 us        5.591 us
  free_vmap_block                        412    574.421 us      1.394 us        15.138 us

SUMMARY:

'BEFORE' table shows, that 420 blocks were allocated and only 37 were
freed.  Remained 383 blocks are still in a free list, consuming virtual
space and physical memory.

'AFTER' table shows, that 414 blocks were allocated and 412 were really
freed.  2 blocks remained in a free list.

So fragmentation was dramatically reduced.  Why? Because when we put
newly allocated block to the head, all further requests will occupy new
block, regardless remained space in other blocks.  In this scenario all
requests come randomly.  Eventually remained free space will be less
than requested size, free list will be iterated and it is possible that
nothing will be found there - finally new block will be created.  So
exhaustion in random scenario happens for the maximum possible
allocation size: 32 pages for 32-bit system and 64 pages for 64-bit
system.

Also average cost of vm_map_ram was reduced from 1.017 us to 0.774 us.
Again this can be explained by iteration through smaller list of free
blocks.

3) Next simple scenario is a sequential allocation, when the allocation
   order is increased for each block.  This scenario forces allocator to
   reach maximum amount of partially free blocks in a free list:

  while (iters) {

                /* Populate free list with blocks with remaining space */
                for (order = 0; order <= ilog2(VMAP_MAX_ALLOC); order++) {
                        nr = VMAP_BBMAP_BITS / (1 << order);

                        /* Leave a hole */
                        nr -= 1;

                        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
                                vaddr = vm_map_ram(pages, (1 << order), -1, PAGE_KERNEL);
                                vm_unmap_ram(vaddr, (1 << order));
                }

                /* Completely occupy blocks from a free list */
                for (order = 0; order <= ilog2(VMAP_MAX_ALLOC); order++) {
                        vaddr = vm_map_ram(pages, (1 << order), -1, PAGE_KERNEL);
                        vm_unmap_ram(vaddr, (1 << order));
                }
  }

Results which I got:

BEFORE (all new blocks are put to the head of a free list)

# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_stat/function0
  Function                               Hit    Time            Avg             s^2
  --------                               ---    ----            ---             ---
  vm_map_ram                         2032000    399545.2 us     0.196 us        467123.7 us
  vm_unmap_ram                       2032000    363225.7 us     0.178 us        111405.9 us
  alloc_vmap_area                       7001    30627.76 us     4.374 us        495.755 us
  free_vmap_block                       6993    7011.685 us     1.002 us        159.090 us

AFTER (all new blocks are put to the tail of a free list)

# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_stat/function0
  Function                               Hit    Time            Avg             s^2
  --------                               ---    ----            ---             ---
  vm_map_ram                         2032000    394259.7 us     0.194 us        589395.9 us
  vm_unmap_ram                       2032000    292500.7 us     0.143 us        94181.08 us
  alloc_vmap_area                       7000    31103.11 us     4.443 us        703.225 us
  free_vmap_block                       7000    6750.844 us     0.964 us        119.112 us

SUMMARY:

No surprises here, almost all numbers are the same.

Fixing this fragmentation problem I also did some improvements in a
allocation logic of a new vmap block: occupy block immediately and get
rid of extra search in a free list.

Also I replaced dirty bitmap with min/max dirty range values to make the
logic simpler and slightly faster, since two longs comparison costs
less, than loop thru bitmap.

This patchset raises several questions:

 Q: Think the problem you comments is already known so that I wrote comments
    about it as "it could consume lots of address space through fragmentation".
    Could you tell me about your situation and reason why it should be avoided?
                                                                     Gioh Kim

 A: Indeed, there was a commit 364376383 which adds explicit comment about
    fragmentation.  But fragmentation which is described in this comment caused
    by mixing of long-lived and short-lived objects, when a whole block is pinned
    in memory because some page slots are still in use.  But here I am talking
    about blocks which are free, nobody uses them, and allocator keeps them alive
    forever, continuously allocating new blocks.

 Q: I think that if you put newly allocated block to the tail of a free
    list, below example would results in enormous performance degradation.

    new block: 1MB (256 pages)

    while (iters--) {
      vm_map_ram(3 or something else not dividable for 256) * 85
      vm_unmap_ram(3) * 85
    }

    On every iteration, it needs newly allocated block and it is put to the
    tail of a free list so finding it consumes large amount of time.
                                                                    Joonsoo Kim

 A: Second patch in current patchset gets rid of extra search in a free list,
    so new block will be immediately occupied..

    Also, the scenario above is impossible, cause vm_map_ram allocates virtual
    range in orders, i.e. 2^n.  I.e. passing 3 to vm_map_ram you will allocate
    4 slots in a block and 256 slots (capacity of a block) of course dividable
    on 4, so block will be completely occupied.

    But there is a worst case which we can achieve: each free block has a hole
    equal to order size.

    The maximum size of allocation is 64 pages for 64-bit system
    (if you try to map more, original alloc_vmap_area will be called).

    So the maximum order is 6.  That means that worst case, before allocator
    makes a decision to allocate a new block, is to iterate 7 blocks:

    HEAD
    1st block - has 1  page slot  free (order 0)
    2nd block - has 2  page slots free (order 1)
    3rd block - has 4  page slots free (order 2)
    4th block - has 8  page slots free (order 3)
    5th block - has 16 page slots free (order 4)
    6th block - has 32 page slots free (order 5)
    7th block - has 64 page slots free (order 6)
    TAIL

    So the worst scenario on 64-bit system is that each CPU queue can have 7
    blocks in a free list.

    This can happen only and only if you allocate blocks increasing the order.
    (as I did in the function written in the comment of the first patch)
    This is weird and rare case, but still it is possible.  Afterwards you will
    get 7 blocks in a list.

    All further requests should be placed in a newly allocated block or some
    free slots should be found in a free list.
    Seems it does not look dramatically awful.

This patch (of 3):

If suitable block can't be found, new block is allocated and put into a
head of a free list, so on next iteration this new block will be found
first.

That's bad, because old blocks in a free list will not get a chance to be
fully used, thus fragmentation will grow.

Let's consider this simple example:

 #1 We have one block in a free list which is partially used, and where only
    one page is free:

    HEAD |xxxxxxxxx-| TAIL
                   ^
                   free space for 1 page, order 0

 #2 New allocation request of order 1 (2 pages) comes, new block is allocated
    since we do not have free space to complete this request. New block is put
    into a head of a free list:

    HEAD |----------|xxxxxxxxx-| TAIL

 #3 Two pages were occupied in a new found block:

    HEAD |xx--------|xxxxxxxxx-| TAIL
          ^
          two pages mapped here

 #4 New allocation request of order 0 (1 page) comes.  Block, which was created
    on #2 step, is located at the beginning of a free list, so it will be found
    first:

  HEAD |xxX-------|xxxxxxxxx-| TAIL
          ^                 ^
          page mapped here, but better to use this hole

It is obvious, that it is better to complete request of #4 step using the
old block, where free space is left, because in other case fragmentation
will be highly increased.

But fragmentation is not only the case.  The worst thing is that I can
easily create scenario, when the whole vmalloc space is exhausted by
blocks, which are not used, but already dirty and have several free pages.

Let's consider this function which execution should be pinned to one CPU:

static void exhaust_virtual_space(struct page *pages[16], int iters)
{
        /* Firstly we have to map a big chunk, e.g. 16 pages.
         * Then we have to occupy the remaining space with smaller
         * chunks, i.e. 8 pages. At the end small hole should remain.
         * So at the end of our allocation sequence block looks like
         * this:
         *                XX  big chunk
         * |XXxxxxxxx-|    x  small chunk
         *                 -  hole, which is enough for a small chunk,
         *                    but is not enough for a big chunk
         */
        while (iters--) {
                int i;
                void *vaddr;

                /* Map/unmap big chunk */
                vaddr = vm_map_ram(pages, 16, -1, PAGE_KERNEL);
                vm_unmap_ram(vaddr, 16);

                /* Map/unmap small chunks.
                 *
                 * -1 for hole, which should be left at the end of each block
                 * to keep it partially used, with some free space available */
                for (i = 0; i < (VMAP_BBMAP_BITS - 16) / 8 - 1; i++) {
                        vaddr = vm_map_ram(pages, 8, -1, PAGE_KERNEL);
                        vm_unmap_ram(vaddr, 8);
                }
        }
}

On every iteration new block (1MB of vm area in my case) will be
allocated and then will be occupied, without attempt to resolve small
allocation request using previously allocated blocks in a free list.

In case of random allocation (size should be randomly taken from the
range [1..64] in 64-bit case or [1..32] in 32-bit case) situation is the
same: new blocks continue to appear if maximum possible allocation size
(32 or 64) passed to the allocator, because all remaining blocks in a
free list do not have enough free space to complete this allocation
request.

In summary if new blocks are put into the head of a free list eventually
virtual space will be exhausted.

In current patch I simply put newly allocated block to the tail of a
free list, thus reduce fragmentation, giving a chance to resolve
allocation request using older blocks with possible holes left.

Signed-off-by: Roman Pen <r.peniaev@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: WANG Chao <chaowang@redhat.com>
Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Rob Jones <rob.jones@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 16:35:18 -07:00
Toshi Kani
b9820d8f39 mm: change vunmap to tear down huge KVA mappings
Change vunmap_pmd_range() and vunmap_pud_range() to tear down huge KVA
mappings when they are set.  pud_clear_huge() and pmd_clear_huge() return
zero when no-operation is performed, i.e.  huge page mapping was not used.

These changes are only enabled when CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP is defined
on the architecture.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use consistent code layout]
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Robert Elliott <Elliott@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-14 16:49:04 -07:00
Toshi Kani
0f616be120 mm: change __get_vm_area_node() to use fls_long()
ioremap() and its related interfaces are used to create I/O mappings to
memory-mapped I/O devices.  The mapping sizes of the traditional I/O
devices are relatively small.  Non-volatile memory (NVM), however, has
many GB and is going to have TB soon.  It is not very efficient to create
large I/O mappings with 4KB.

This patchset extends the ioremap() interfaces to transparently create I/O
mappings with huge pages whenever possible.  ioremap() continues to use
4KB mappings when a huge page does not fit into a requested range.  There
is no change necessary to the drivers using ioremap().  A requested
physical address must be aligned by a huge page size (1GB or 2MB on x86)
for using huge page mapping, though.  The kernel huge I/O mapping will
improve performance of NVM and other devices with large memory, and reduce
the time to create their mappings as well.

On x86, MTRRs can override PAT memory types with a 4KB granularity.  When
using a huge page, MTRRs can override the memory type of the huge page,
which may lead a performance penalty.  The processor can also behave in an
undefined manner if a huge page is mapped to a memory range that MTRRs
have mapped with multiple different memory types.  Therefore, the mapping
code falls back to use a smaller page size toward 4KB when a mapping range
is covered by non-WB type of MTRRs.  The WB type of MTRRs has no affect on
the PAT memory types.

The patchset introduces HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP, which indicates that the arch
supports huge KVA mappings for ioremap().  User may specify a new kernel
option "nohugeiomap" to disable the huge I/O mapping capability of
ioremap() when necessary.

Patch 1-4 change common files to support huge I/O mappings.  There is no
change in the functinalities unless HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP is defined on the
architecture of the system.

Patch 5-6 implement the HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP funcs on x86, and set
HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP on x86.

This patch (of 6):

__get_vm_area_node() takes unsigned long size, which is a 64-bit value on
a 64-bit kernel.  However, fls(size) simply ignores the upper 32-bit.
Change to use fls_long() to handle the size properly.

Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Robert Elliott <Elliott@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-14 16:49:04 -07:00
Andrey Ryabinin
a5af5aa8b6 kasan, module, vmalloc: rework shadow allocation for modules
Current approach in handling shadow memory for modules is broken.

Shadow memory could be freed only after memory shadow corresponds it is no
longer used.  vfree() called from interrupt context could use memory its
freeing to store 'struct llist_node' in it:

    void vfree(const void *addr)
    {
    ...
        if (unlikely(in_interrupt())) {
            struct vfree_deferred *p = this_cpu_ptr(&vfree_deferred);
            if (llist_add((struct llist_node *)addr, &p->list))
                    schedule_work(&p->wq);

Later this list node used in free_work() which actually frees memory.
Currently module_memfree() called in interrupt context will free shadow
before freeing module's memory which could provoke kernel crash.

So shadow memory should be freed after module's memory.  However, such
deallocation order could race with kasan_module_alloc() in module_alloc().

Free shadow right before releasing vm area.  At this point vfree()'d
memory is not used anymore and yet not available for other allocations.
New VM_KASAN flag used to indicate that vm area has dynamically allocated
shadow memory so kasan frees shadow only if it was previously allocated.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-03-12 18:46:08 -07:00
Andrey Ryabinin
cb9e3c292d mm: vmalloc: pass additional vm_flags to __vmalloc_node_range()
For instrumenting global variables KASan will shadow memory backing memory
for modules.  So on module loading we will need to allocate memory for
shadow and map it at address in shadow that corresponds to the address
allocated in module_alloc().

__vmalloc_node_range() could be used for this purpose, except it puts a
guard hole after allocated area.  Guard hole in shadow memory should be a
problem because at some future point we might need to have a shadow memory
at address occupied by guard hole.  So we could fail to allocate shadow
for module_alloc().

Now we have VM_NO_GUARD flag disabling guard page, so we need to pass into
__vmalloc_node_range().  Add new parameter 'vm_flags' to
__vmalloc_node_range() function.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-13 21:21:42 -08:00
Andrey Ryabinin
71394fe501 mm: vmalloc: add flag preventing guard hole allocation
For instrumenting global variables KASan will shadow memory backing memory
for modules.  So on module loading we will need to allocate memory for
shadow and map it at address in shadow that corresponds to the address
allocated in module_alloc().

__vmalloc_node_range() could be used for this purpose, except it puts a
guard hole after allocated area.  Guard hole in shadow memory should be a
problem because at some future point we might need to have a shadow memory
at address occupied by guard hole.  So we could fail to allocate shadow
for module_alloc().

Add a new vm_struct flag 'VM_NO_GUARD' indicating that vm area doesn't
have a guard hole.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-13 21:21:42 -08:00
Dmitry Vyukov
7e5b528b4c mm/vmalloc.c: fix memory ordering bug
Read memory barriers must follow the read operations.

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-13 12:42:49 -08:00
Pintu Kumar
0cbc8533b7 mm/vmalloc.c: replace printk with pr_warn
This patch replaces printk(KERN_WARNING..) with pr_warn.
Thus it also reduces one line extra because of formatting.

Signed-off-by: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-10 17:41:05 -08:00
Rob Jones
703394c100 mm/vmalloc.c: use seq_open_private() instead of seq_open()
Using seq_open_private() removes boilerplate code from vmalloc_open().

The resultant code is shorter and easier to follow.

However, please note that seq_open_private() call kzalloc() rather than
kmalloc() which may affect timing due to the memory initialisation
overhead.

Signed-off-by: Rob Jones <rob.jones@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-09 22:25:56 -04:00
WANG Chao
f6f8ed4735 mm/vmalloc.c: clean up map_vm_area third argument
Currently map_vm_area() takes (struct page *** pages) as third argument,
and after mapping, it moves (*pages) to point to (*pages +
nr_mappped_pages).

It looks like this kind of increment is useless to its caller these
days.  The callers don't care about the increments and actually they're
trying to avoid this by passing another copy to map_vm_area().

The caller can always guarantee all the pages can be mapped into vm_area
as specified in first argument and the caller only cares about whether
map_vm_area() fails or not.

This patch cleans up the pointer movement in map_vm_area() and updates
its callers accordingly.

Signed-off-by: WANG Chao <chaowang@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06 18:01:19 -07:00
David Rientjes
930f036b4f mm, vmalloc: constify allocation mask
tmp_mask in the __vmalloc_area_node() iteration never changes so it can
be moved into function scope and marked with const.  This causes the
movl and orl to only be done once per call rather than area->nr_pages
times.

nested_gfp can also be marked const.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06 18:01:18 -07:00
Eric Dumazet
660654f90e mm/vmalloc.c: add a schedule point to vmalloc()
It is not uncommon on busy servers to get stuck hundred of ms in
vmalloc() calls (like file descriptor expansions).

Add a cond_resched() to __vmalloc_area_node() to be gentle to
other tasks.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: only do it for __GFP_WAIT, per David]
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06 18:01:18 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
474750aba8 vmalloc: use rcu list iterator to reduce vmap_area_lock contention
Richard Yao reported a month ago that his system have a trouble with
vmap_area_lock contention during performance analysis by /proc/meminfo.
Andrew asked why his analysis checks /proc/meminfo stressfully, but he
didn't answer it.

  https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/4/10/416

Although I'm not sure that this is right usage or not, there is a
solution reducing vmap_area_lock contention with no side-effect.  That
is just to use rcu list iterator in get_vmalloc_info().

rcu can be used in this function because all RCU protocol is already
respected by writers, since Nick Piggin commit db64fe0225 ("mm:
rewrite vmap layer") back in linux-2.6.28

Specifically :
   insertions use list_add_rcu(),
   deletions use list_del_rcu() and kfree_rcu().

Note the rb tree is not used from rcu reader (it would not be safe),
only the vmap_area_list has full RCU protection.

Note that __purge_vmap_area_lazy() already uses this rcu protection.

        rcu_read_lock();
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(va, &vmap_area_list, list) {
                if (va->flags & VM_LAZY_FREE) {
                        if (va->va_start < *start)
                                *start = va->va_start;
                        if (va->va_end > *end)
                                *end = va->va_end;
                        nr += (va->va_end - va->va_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                        list_add_tail(&va->purge_list, &valist);
                        va->flags |= VM_LAZY_FREEING;
                        va->flags &= ~VM_LAZY_FREE;
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

Peter:

: While rcu list traversal over the vmap_area_list is safe, this may
: arrive at different results than the spinlocked version. The rcu list
: traversal version will not be a 'snapshot' of a single, valid instant
: of the entire vmap_area_list, but rather a potential amalgam of
: different list states.

Joonsoo:

: Yes, you are right, but I don't think that we should be strict here.
: Meminfo is already not a 'snapshot' at specific time.  While we try to get
: certain stats, the other stats can change.  And, although we may arrive at
: different results than the spinlocked version, the difference would not be
: large and would not make serious side-effect.

[edumazet@google.com: add more commit description]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reported-by: Richard Yao <ryao@gentoo.org>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei.yes@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06 18:01:15 -07:00
Minchan Kim
93ef6d6ca1 mm/vmalloc.c: export unmap_kernel_range()
zsmalloc needs exported unmap_kernel_range for building as a module.  See
https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/1/18/487

I didn't send a patch to make unmap_kernel_range exportable at that time
because zram was staging stuff and I thought VM function exporting for
staging stuff makes no sense.

Now zsmalloc was promoted.  If we can't build zsmalloc as module, it means
we can't build zram as module, either.  Additionally, buddy map_vm_area is
already exported so let's export unmap_kernel_range to help his buddy.

Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:54:14 -07:00
Fabian Frederick
f4527c9086 mm/vmalloc.c: replace seq_printf by seq_puts
Replace seq_printf where possible

Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:54:04 -07:00
Christoph Lameter
7c8e0181e6 mm: replace __get_cpu_var uses with this_cpu_ptr
Replace places where __get_cpu_var() is used for an address calculation
with this_cpu_ptr().

Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:54:03 -07:00
Gioh Kim
3643763834 mm/vmalloc.c: enhance vm_map_ram() comment
vm_map_ram() has a fragmentation problem when it cannot purge a
chunk(ie, 4M address space) if there is a pinning object in that
addresss space.  So it could consume all VMALLOC address space easily.

We can fix the fragmentation problem by using vmap instead of
vm_map_ram() but vmap() is known to be slow compared to vm_map_ram().
Minchan said vm_map_ram is 5 times faster than vmap in his tests.  So I
thought we should fix fragment problem of vm_map_ram because our
proprietary GPU driver has used it heavily.

On second thought, it's not an easy because we should reuse freed space
for solving the problem and it could make more IPI and bitmap operation
for searching hole.  It could mitigate API's goal which is very fast
mapping.  And even fragmentation problem wouldn't show in 64 bit
machine.

Another option is that the user should separate long-life and short-life
object and use vmap for long-life but vm_map_ram for short-life.  If we
inform the user about the characteristic of vm_map_ram the user can
choose one according to the page lifetime.

Let's add some notice messages to user.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text]
Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-04-07 16:35:55 -07:00
Gideon Israel Dsouza
3b32123d73 mm: use macros from compiler.h instead of __attribute__((...))
To increase compiler portability there is <linux/compiler.h> which
provides convenience macros for various gcc constructs.  Eg: __weak for
__attribute__((weak)).  I've replaced all instances of gcc attributes with
the right macro in the memory management (/mm) subsystem.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: while-we're-there consistency tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Gideon Israel Dsouza <gidisrael@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-04-07 16:35:54 -07:00
malc
add688fbd3 Revert "mm/vmalloc: interchage the implementation of vmalloc_to_{pfn,page}"
Revert commit ece86e222d, which was intended as a small performance
improvement.

Despite the claim that the patch doesn't introduce any functional
changes in fact it does.

The "no page" path behaves different now.  Originally, vmalloc_to_page
might return NULL under some conditions, with new implementation it
returns pfn_to_page(0) which is not the same as NULL.

Simple test shows the difference.

test.c

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>

int __init myi(void)
{
	struct page *p;
	void *v;

	v = vmalloc(PAGE_SIZE);
	/* trigger the "no page" path in vmalloc_to_page*/
	vfree(v);

	p = vmalloc_to_page(v);

	pr_err("expected val = NULL, returned val = %p", p);

	return -EBUSY;
}

void __exit mye(void)
{

}
module_init(myi)
module_exit(mye)

Before interchange:
expected val = NULL, returned val =   (null)

After interchange:
expected val = NULL, returned val = c7ebe000

Signed-off-by: Vladimir Murzin <murzin.v@gmail.com>
Cc: Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-27 21:02:39 -08:00
Jianyu Zhan
ece86e222d mm/vmalloc: interchage the implementation of vmalloc_to_{pfn,page}
Currently we are implementing vmalloc_to_pfn() as a wrapper around
vmalloc_to_page(), which is implemented as follow:

 1. walks the page talbes to generates the corresponding pfn,
 2. then converts the pfn to struct page,
 3. returns it.

And vmalloc_to_pfn() re-wraps vmalloc_to_page() to get the pfn.

This seems too circuitous, so this patch reverses the way: implement
vmalloc_to_page() as a wrapper around vmalloc_to_pfn().  This makes
vmalloc_to_pfn() and vmalloc_to_page() slightly more efficient.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Cc: Vladimir Murzin <murzin.v@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-21 16:19:44 -08:00
Catalin Marinas
7f88f88f83 mm: kmemleak: avoid false negatives on vmalloc'ed objects
Commit 248ac0e194 ("mm/vmalloc: remove guard page from between vmap
blocks") had the side effect of making vmap_area.va_end member point to
the next vmap_area.va_start.  This was creating an artificial reference
to vmalloc'ed objects and kmemleak was rarely reporting vmalloc() leaks.

This patch marks the vmap_area containing pointers explicitly and
reduces the min ref_count to 2 as vm_struct still contains a reference
to the vmalloc'ed object.  The kmemleak add_scan_area() function has
been improved to allow a SIZE_MAX argument covering the rest of the
object (for simpler calling sites).

Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13 12:09:07 +09:00
Wanpeng Li
b82225f3ff revert mm/vmalloc.c: emit the failure message before return
Don't warn twice in __vmalloc_area_node and __vmalloc_node_range if
__vmalloc_area_node allocation failure.  This patch reverts commit
46c001a275 ("mm/vmalloc.c: emit the failure message before return").

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mitsuo Hayasaka <mitsuo.hayasaka.hu@hitachi.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13 12:09:05 +09:00
Wanpeng Li
af12346cda mm/vmalloc: revert "mm/vmalloc.c: check VM_UNINITIALIZED flag in s_show instead of show_numa_info"
The VM_UNINITIALIZED/VM_UNLIST flag introduced by f5252e009d ("mm:
avoid null pointer access in vm_struct via /proc/vmallocinfo") is used
to avoid accessing the pages field with unallocated page when
show_numa_info() is called.

This patch moves the check just before show_numa_info in order that some
messages still can be dumped via /proc/vmallocinfo.  This patch reverts
commit d157a55815 ("mm/vmalloc.c: check VM_UNINITIALIZED flag in
s_show instead of show_numa_info");

Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mitsuo Hayasaka <mitsuo.hayasaka.hu@hitachi.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13 12:09:05 +09:00
Wanpeng Li
c2ce8c142c mm/vmalloc: fix show vmap_area information race with vmap_area tear down
There is a race window between vmap_area tear down and show vmap_area
information.

	A                                                B

remove_vm_area
spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
va->vm = NULL;
va->flags &= ~VM_VM_AREA;
spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
						spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
						if (va->flags & (VM_LAZY_FREE | VM_LAZY_FREEZING))
							return 0;
						if (!(va->flags & VM_VM_AREA)) {
							seq_printf(m, "0x%pK-0x%pK %7ld vm_map_ram\n",
								(void *)va->va_start, (void *)va->va_end,
								va->va_end - va->va_start);
							return 0;
						}
free_unmap_vmap_area(va);
	flush_cache_vunmap
	free_unmap_vmap_area_noflush
		unmap_vmap_area
		free_vmap_area_noflush
			va->flags |= VM_LAZY_FREE

The assumption !VM_VM_AREA represents vm_map_ram allocation is
introduced by d4033afdf8 ("mm, vmalloc: iterate vmap_area_list,
instead of vmlist, in vmallocinfo()").

However, !VM_VM_AREA also represents vmap_area is being tear down in
race window mentioned above.  This patch fix it by don't dump any
information for !VM_VM_AREA case and also remove (VM_LAZY_FREE |
VM_LAZY_FREEING) check since they are not possible for !VM_VM_AREA case.

Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mitsuo Hayasaka <mitsuo.hayasaka.hu@hitachi.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13 12:09:05 +09:00
Wanpeng Li
3722e13cff mm/vmalloc: don't set area->caller twice
The caller address has already been set in set_vmalloc_vm(), there's no
need to set it again in __vmalloc_area_node.

Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mitsuo Hayasaka <mitsuo.hayasaka.hu@hitachi.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13 12:09:05 +09:00
Jianguo Wu
4b90951c0b mm/vmalloc: use NUMA_NO_NODE
Use more appropriate "if (node == NUMA_NO_NODE)" instead of "if (node < 0)"

Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-11-13 12:09:02 +09:00
Wanpeng Li
762216ab4e mm/vmalloc: use wrapper function get_vm_area_size to caculate size of vm area
Use wrapper function get_vm_area_size to calculate size of vm area.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:02 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
b136be5e0b mm, vmalloc: use well-defined find_last_bit() func
Our intention in here is to find last_bit within the region to flush.
There is well-defined function, find_last_bit() for this purpose and its
performance may be slightly better than current implementation.  So change
it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:34 -07:00
Joonsoo Kim
6b70f7dff8 mm, vmalloc: remove useless variable in vmap_block
vbq in vmap_block isn't used. So remove it.

Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:33 -07:00
Zhang Yanfei
bcb615a81b mm/vmalloc.c: fix an overflow bug in alloc_vmap_area()
When searching a vmap area in the vmalloc space, we use (addr + size -
1) to check if the value is less than addr, which is an overflow.  But
we assign (addr + size) to vmap_area->va_end.

So if we come across the below case:

  (addr + size - 1) : not overflow
  (addr + size)     : overflow

we will assign an overflow value (e.g 0) to vmap_area->va_end, And this
will trigger BUG in __insert_vmap_area, causing system panic.

So using (addr + size) to check the overflow should be the correct
behaviour, not (addr + size - 1).

Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: Ghennadi Procopciuc <unix140@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Baluta <dbaluta@ixiacom.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-09 10:33:23 -07:00
Oleg Nesterov
59d3132f8a vfree: don't schedule free_work() if llist_add() returns false
vfree() only needs schedule_work(&p->wq) if p->list was empty, otherwise
vfree_deferred->wq is already pending or it is running and didn't do
llist_del_all() yet.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-09 10:33:22 -07:00
Zhang Yanfei
d157a55815 mm/vmalloc.c: check VM_UNINITIALIZED flag in s_show instead of show_numa_info
We should check the VM_UNITIALIZED flag in s_show().  If this flag is
set, that said, the vm_struct is not fully initialized.  So it is
unnecessary to try to show the information contained in vm_struct.

We checked this flag in show_numa_info(), but I think it's better to
check it earlier.

Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-09 10:33:21 -07:00
Zhang Yanfei
20fc02b477 mm/vmalloc.c: rename VM_UNLIST to VM_UNINITIALIZED
VM_UNLIST was used to indicate that the vm_struct is not listed in
vmlist.

But after commit 4341fa4547 ("mm, vmalloc: remove list management of
vmlist after initializing vmalloc"), the meaning of this flag changed.
It now means the vm_struct is not fully initialized.  So renaming it to
VM_UNINITIALIZED seems more reasonable.

Also change clear_vm_unlist to clear_vm_uninitialized_flag.

Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-09 10:33:21 -07:00
Zhang Yanfei
46c001a275 mm/vmalloc.c: emit the failure message before return
Use goto to jump to the fail label to give a failure message before
returning NULL.  This makes the failure handling in this function
consistent.

Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-09 10:33:21 -07:00
Zhang Yanfei
b8e748b6c3 mm/vmalloc.c: remove alloc_map from vmap_block
As we have removed the dead code in the vb_alloc, it seems there is no
place to use the alloc_map.  So there is no reason to maintain the
alloc_map in vmap_block.

Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-09 10:33:21 -07:00
Zhang Yanfei
9da3f59fbd mm/vmalloc.c: remove unused purge_fragmented_blocks_thiscpu
This function is nowhere used now, so remove it.

Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-09 10:33:21 -07:00