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docs: fs: convert docs without extension to ReST
There are 3 remaining files without an extension inside the fs docs dir. Manually convert them to ReST. In the case of the nfs/exporting.rst file, as the nfs docs aren't ported yet, I opted to convert and add a :orphan: there, with should be removed when it gets added into a nfs-specific part of the fs documentation. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
This commit is contained in:
Mauro Carvalho Chehab
Jonathan Corbet
parent
5a5e045bb3
commit
ec23eb54fb
@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
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=================
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Directory Locking
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=================
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Locking scheme used for directory operations is based on two
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kinds of locks - per-inode (->i_rwsem) and per-filesystem
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(->s_vfs_rename_mutex).
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@ -27,14 +32,17 @@ NB: we might get away with locking the the source (and target in exchange
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case) shared.
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5) link creation. Locking rules:
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* lock parent
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* check that source is not a directory
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* lock source
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* call the method.
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All locks are exclusive.
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6) cross-directory rename. The trickiest in the whole bunch. Locking
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rules:
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* lock the filesystem
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* lock parents in "ancestors first" order.
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* find source and target.
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@ -46,6 +54,7 @@ rules:
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* If the target exists, lock it. If the source is a non-directory,
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lock it. If we need to lock both, do so in inode pointer order.
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* call the method.
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All ->i_rwsem are taken exclusive. Again, we might get away with locking
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the the source (and target in exchange case) shared.
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@ -54,6 +63,7 @@ read, modified or removed by method will be locked by caller.
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If no directory is its own ancestor, the scheme above is deadlock-free.
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Proof:
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First of all, at any moment we have a partial ordering of the
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@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ algorithms work.
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path-lookup
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api-summary
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splice
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locking
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directory-locking
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Filesystem support layers
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=========================
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@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
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=======
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Locking
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=======
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The text below describes the locking rules for VFS-related methods.
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It is (believed to be) up-to-date. *Please*, if you change anything in
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prototypes or locking protocols - update this file. And update the relevant
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@ -5,10 +9,14 @@ instances in the tree, don't leave that to maintainers of filesystems/devices/
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etc. At the very least, put the list of dubious cases in the end of this file.
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Don't turn it into log - maintainers of out-of-the-tree code are supposed to
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be able to use diff(1).
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Thing currently missing here: socket operations. Alexey?
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--------------------------- dentry_operations --------------------------
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prototypes:
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dentry_operations
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=================
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prototypes::
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int (*d_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
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int (*d_weak_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
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int (*d_hash)(const struct dentry *, struct qstr *);
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@ -24,7 +32,10 @@ prototypes:
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struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, const struct inode *);
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locking rules:
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rename_lock ->d_lock may block rcu-walk
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================== =========== ======== ============== ========
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ops rename_lock ->d_lock may block rcu-walk
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================== =========== ======== ============== ========
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d_revalidate: no no yes (ref-walk) maybe
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d_weak_revalidate: no no yes no
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d_hash no no no maybe
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@ -38,9 +49,13 @@ d_dname: no no no no
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d_automount: no no yes no
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d_manage: no no yes (ref-walk) maybe
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d_real no no yes no
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================== =========== ======== ============== ========
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inode_operations
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================
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prototypes::
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--------------------------- inode_operations ---------------------------
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prototypes:
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int (*create) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,umode_t, bool);
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struct dentry * (*lookup) (struct inode *,struct dentry *, unsigned int);
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int (*link) (struct dentry *,struct inode *,struct dentry *);
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@ -68,7 +83,10 @@ prototypes:
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locking rules:
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all may block
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i_rwsem(inode)
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============ =============================================
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ops i_rwsem(inode)
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============ =============================================
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lookup: shared
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create: exclusive
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link: exclusive (both)
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@ -89,17 +107,21 @@ fiemap: no
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update_time: no
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atomic_open: exclusive
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tmpfile: no
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============ =============================================
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Additionally, ->rmdir(), ->unlink() and ->rename() have ->i_rwsem
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exclusive on victim.
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cross-directory ->rename() has (per-superblock) ->s_vfs_rename_sem.
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See Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking for more detailed discussion
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See Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking.rst for more detailed discussion
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of the locking scheme for directory operations.
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----------------------- xattr_handler operations -----------------------
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prototypes:
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xattr_handler operations
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========================
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prototypes::
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bool (*list)(struct dentry *dentry);
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int (*get)(const struct xattr_handler *handler, struct dentry *dentry,
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struct inode *inode, const char *name, void *buffer,
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@ -110,13 +132,20 @@ prototypes:
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locking rules:
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all may block
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i_rwsem(inode)
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===== ==============
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ops i_rwsem(inode)
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===== ==============
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list: no
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get: no
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set: exclusive
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===== ==============
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super_operations
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================
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prototypes::
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--------------------------- super_operations ---------------------------
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prototypes:
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struct inode *(*alloc_inode)(struct super_block *sb);
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void (*free_inode)(struct inode *);
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void (*destroy_inode)(struct inode *);
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@ -138,7 +167,10 @@ prototypes:
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locking rules:
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All may block [not true, see below]
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s_umount
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====================== ============ ========================
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ops s_umount note
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====================== ============ ========================
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alloc_inode:
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free_inode: called from RCU callback
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destroy_inode:
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@ -157,6 +189,7 @@ show_options: no (namespace_sem)
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quota_read: no (see below)
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quota_write: no (see below)
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bdev_try_to_free_page: no (see below)
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====================== ============ ========================
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->statfs() has s_umount (shared) when called by ustat(2) (native or
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compat), but that's an accident of bad API; s_umount is used to pin
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@ -164,31 +197,44 @@ the superblock down when we only have dev_t given us by userland to
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identify the superblock. Everything else (statfs(), fstatfs(), etc.)
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doesn't hold it when calling ->statfs() - superblock is pinned down
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by resolving the pathname passed to syscall.
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->quota_read() and ->quota_write() functions are both guaranteed to
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be the only ones operating on the quota file by the quota code (via
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dqio_sem) (unless an admin really wants to screw up something and
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writes to quota files with quotas on). For other details about locking
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see also dquot_operations section.
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->bdev_try_to_free_page is called from the ->releasepage handler of
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the block device inode. See there for more details.
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--------------------------- file_system_type ---------------------------
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prototypes:
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file_system_type
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================
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prototypes::
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struct dentry *(*mount) (struct file_system_type *, int,
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const char *, void *);
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void (*kill_sb) (struct super_block *);
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locking rules:
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may block
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======= =========
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ops may block
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======= =========
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mount yes
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kill_sb yes
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======= =========
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->mount() returns ERR_PTR or the root dentry; its superblock should be locked
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on return.
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->kill_sb() takes a write-locked superblock, does all shutdown work on it,
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unlocks and drops the reference.
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--------------------------- address_space_operations --------------------------
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prototypes:
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address_space_operations
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========================
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prototypes::
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int (*writepage)(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
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int (*readpage)(struct file *, struct page *);
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int (*writepages)(struct address_space *, struct writeback_control *);
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@ -218,7 +264,9 @@ prototypes:
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locking rules:
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All except set_page_dirty and freepage may block
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PageLocked(page) i_rwsem
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====================== ======================== =========
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ops PageLocked(page) i_rwsem
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====================== ======================== =========
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writepage: yes, unlocks (see below)
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readpage: yes, unlocks
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writepages:
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@ -239,6 +287,7 @@ is_partially_uptodate: yes
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error_remove_page: yes
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swap_activate: no
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swap_deactivate: no
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====================== ======================== =========
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->write_begin(), ->write_end() and ->readpage() may be called from
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the request handler (/dev/loop).
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@ -299,10 +348,10 @@ in the filesystem like having dirty inodes at umount and losing written data.
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->writepages() is used for periodic writeback and for syscall-initiated
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sync operations. The address_space should start I/O against at least
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*nr_to_write pages. *nr_to_write must be decremented for each page which is
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written. The address_space implementation may write more (or less) pages
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than *nr_to_write asks for, but it should try to be reasonably close. If
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nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must be written.
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``*nr_to_write`` pages. ``*nr_to_write`` must be decremented for each page
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which is written. The address_space implementation may write more (or less)
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pages than ``*nr_to_write`` asks for, but it should try to be reasonably close.
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If nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must be written.
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writepages should _only_ write pages which are present on
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mapping->io_pages.
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@ -344,23 +393,34 @@ address space operations.
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->swap_deactivate() will be called in the sys_swapoff()
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path after ->swap_activate() returned success.
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----------------------- file_lock_operations ------------------------------
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prototypes:
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file_lock_operations
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====================
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prototypes::
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void (*fl_copy_lock)(struct file_lock *, struct file_lock *);
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void (*fl_release_private)(struct file_lock *);
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locking rules:
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inode->i_lock may block
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fl_copy_lock: yes no
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fl_release_private: maybe maybe[1]
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[1]: ->fl_release_private for flock or POSIX locks is currently allowed
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=================== ============= =========
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ops inode->i_lock may block
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=================== ============= =========
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fl_copy_lock: yes no
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fl_release_private: maybe maybe[1]_
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=================== ============= =========
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.. [1]:
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->fl_release_private for flock or POSIX locks is currently allowed
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to block. Leases however can still be freed while the i_lock is held and
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so fl_release_private called on a lease should not block.
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----------------------- lock_manager_operations ---------------------------
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prototypes:
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lock_manager_operations
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=======================
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prototypes::
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void (*lm_notify)(struct file_lock *); /* unblock callback */
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int (*lm_grant)(struct file_lock *, struct file_lock *, int);
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void (*lm_break)(struct file_lock *); /* break_lease callback */
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@ -368,24 +428,33 @@ prototypes:
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locking rules:
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inode->i_lock blocked_lock_lock may block
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========== ============= ================= =========
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ops inode->i_lock blocked_lock_lock may block
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========== ============= ================= =========
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lm_notify: yes yes no
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lm_grant: no no no
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lm_break: yes no no
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lm_change yes no no
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========== ============= ================= =========
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buffer_head
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===========
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prototypes::
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--------------------------- buffer_head -----------------------------------
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prototypes:
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void (*b_end_io)(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate);
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locking rules:
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called from interrupts. In other words, extreme care is needed here.
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bh is locked, but that's all warranties we have here. Currently only RAID1,
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highmem, fs/buffer.c, and fs/ntfs/aops.c are providing these. Block devices
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call this method upon the IO completion.
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--------------------------- block_device_operations -----------------------
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prototypes:
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block_device_operations
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=======================
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prototypes::
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int (*open) (struct block_device *, fmode_t);
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int (*release) (struct gendisk *, fmode_t);
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int (*ioctl) (struct block_device *, fmode_t, unsigned, unsigned long);
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@ -399,7 +468,10 @@ prototypes:
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void (*swap_slot_free_notify) (struct block_device *, unsigned long);
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locking rules:
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bd_mutex
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======================= ===================
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ops bd_mutex
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======================= ===================
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open: yes
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release: yes
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ioctl: no
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@ -410,6 +482,7 @@ unlock_native_capacity: no
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revalidate_disk: no
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getgeo: no
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swap_slot_free_notify: no (see below)
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======================= ===================
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media_changed, unlock_native_capacity and revalidate_disk are called only from
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check_disk_change().
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@ -418,8 +491,11 @@ swap_slot_free_notify is called with swap_lock and sometimes the page lock
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held.
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--------------------------- file_operations -------------------------------
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prototypes:
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file_operations
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===============
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prototypes::
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loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
|
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ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
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ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
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@ -455,7 +531,6 @@ prototypes:
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size_t, unsigned int);
|
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int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
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long (*fallocate)(struct file *, int, loff_t, loff_t);
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};
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locking rules:
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All may block.
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@ -490,8 +565,11 @@ in sys_read() and friends.
|
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the lease within the individual filesystem to record the result of the
|
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operation
|
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|
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--------------------------- dquot_operations -------------------------------
|
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prototypes:
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dquot_operations
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================
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prototypes::
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int (*write_dquot) (struct dquot *);
|
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int (*acquire_dquot) (struct dquot *);
|
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int (*release_dquot) (struct dquot *);
|
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@ -503,20 +581,26 @@ a proper locking wrt the filesystem and call the generic quota operations.
|
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|
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What filesystem should expect from the generic quota functions:
|
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|
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FS recursion Held locks when called
|
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============== ============ =========================
|
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ops FS recursion Held locks when called
|
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============== ============ =========================
|
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write_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
|
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acquire_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
|
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release_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
|
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mark_dirty: no -
|
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write_info: yes dqonoff_sem
|
||||
============== ============ =========================
|
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|
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FS recursion means calling ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() from superblock
|
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operations.
|
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|
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More details about quota locking can be found in fs/dquot.c.
|
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|
||||
--------------------------- vm_operations_struct -----------------------------
|
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prototypes:
|
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vm_operations_struct
|
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====================
|
||||
|
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prototypes::
|
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|
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void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct*);
|
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void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct*);
|
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vm_fault_t (*fault)(struct vm_area_struct*, struct vm_fault *);
|
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@ -525,7 +609,10 @@ prototypes:
|
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int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long, void*, int, int);
|
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|
||||
locking rules:
|
||||
mmap_sem PageLocked(page)
|
||||
|
||||
============= ======== ===========================
|
||||
ops mmap_sem PageLocked(page)
|
||||
============= ======== ===========================
|
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open: yes
|
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close: yes
|
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fault: yes can return with page locked
|
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@ -533,6 +620,7 @@ map_pages: yes
|
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page_mkwrite: yes can return with page locked
|
||||
pfn_mkwrite: yes
|
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access: yes
|
||||
============= ======== ===========================
|
||||
|
||||
->fault() is called when a previously not present pte is about
|
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to be faulted in. The filesystem must find and return the page associated
|
||||
@ -569,7 +657,8 @@ access_process_vm(), typically used to debug a process through
|
||||
/proc/pid/mem or ptrace. This function is needed only for
|
||||
VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMAs.
|
||||
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Dubious stuff
|
||||
|
||||
(if you break something or notice that it is broken and do not fix it yourself
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
:orphan:
|
||||
|
||||
Making Filesystems Exportable
|
||||
=============================
|
||||
@ -42,9 +43,9 @@ filehandle fragment, there is no automatic creation of a path prefix
|
||||
for the object. This leads to two related but distinct features of
|
||||
the dcache that are not needed for normal filesystem access.
|
||||
|
||||
1/ The dcache must sometimes contain objects that are not part of the
|
||||
1. The dcache must sometimes contain objects that are not part of the
|
||||
proper prefix. i.e that are not connected to the root.
|
||||
2/ The dcache must be prepared for a newly found (via ->lookup) directory
|
||||
2. The dcache must be prepared for a newly found (via ->lookup) directory
|
||||
to already have a (non-connected) dentry, and must be able to move
|
||||
that dentry into place (based on the parent and name in the
|
||||
->lookup). This is particularly needed for directories as
|
||||
@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ the dcache that are not needed for normal filesystem access.
|
||||
|
||||
To implement these features, the dcache has:
|
||||
|
||||
a/ A dentry flag DCACHE_DISCONNECTED which is set on
|
||||
a. A dentry flag DCACHE_DISCONNECTED which is set on
|
||||
any dentry that might not be part of the proper prefix.
|
||||
This is set when anonymous dentries are created, and cleared when a
|
||||
dentry is noticed to be a child of a dentry which is in the proper
|
||||
@ -71,19 +72,23 @@ a/ A dentry flag DCACHE_DISCONNECTED which is set on
|
||||
dentries. That guarantees that we won't need to hunt them down upon
|
||||
umount.
|
||||
|
||||
b/ A primitive for creation of secondary roots - d_obtain_root(inode).
|
||||
b. A primitive for creation of secondary roots - d_obtain_root(inode).
|
||||
Those do _not_ bear DCACHE_DISCONNECTED. They are placed on the
|
||||
per-superblock list (->s_roots), so they can be located at umount
|
||||
time for eviction purposes.
|
||||
|
||||
c/ Helper routines to allocate anonymous dentries, and to help attach
|
||||
c. Helper routines to allocate anonymous dentries, and to help attach
|
||||
loose directory dentries at lookup time. They are:
|
||||
|
||||
d_obtain_alias(inode) will return a dentry for the given inode.
|
||||
If the inode already has a dentry, one of those is returned.
|
||||
|
||||
If it doesn't, a new anonymous (IS_ROOT and
|
||||
DCACHE_DISCONNECTED) dentry is allocated and attached.
|
||||
|
||||
In the case of a directory, care is taken that only one dentry
|
||||
can ever be attached.
|
||||
|
||||
d_splice_alias(inode, dentry) will introduce a new dentry into the tree;
|
||||
either the passed-in dentry or a preexisting alias for the given inode
|
||||
(such as an anonymous one created by d_obtain_alias), if appropriate.
|
||||
@ -95,17 +100,17 @@ Filesystem Issues
|
||||
|
||||
For a filesystem to be exportable it must:
|
||||
|
||||
1/ provide the filehandle fragment routines described below.
|
||||
2/ make sure that d_splice_alias is used rather than d_add
|
||||
1. provide the filehandle fragment routines described below.
|
||||
2. make sure that d_splice_alias is used rather than d_add
|
||||
when ->lookup finds an inode for a given parent and name.
|
||||
|
||||
If inode is NULL, d_splice_alias(inode, dentry) is equivalent to
|
||||
If inode is NULL, d_splice_alias(inode, dentry) is equivalent to::
|
||||
|
||||
d_add(dentry, inode), NULL
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, d_splice_alias(ERR_PTR(err), dentry) = ERR_PTR(err)
|
||||
|
||||
Typically the ->lookup routine will simply end with a:
|
||||
Typically the ->lookup routine will simply end with a::
|
||||
|
||||
return d_splice_alias(inode, dentry);
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ kernel which allows different filesystem implementations to coexist.
|
||||
|
||||
VFS system calls open(2), stat(2), read(2), write(2), chmod(2) and so on
|
||||
are called from a process context. Filesystem locking is described in
|
||||
the document Documentation/filesystems/Locking.
|
||||
the document Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Directory Entry Cache (dcache)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/Exporting
|
||||
* See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst
|
||||
* and examples in fs/exportfs
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Since cifs is a network file system, an "fsid" must be included for
|
||||
|
||||
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
|
||||
* and for mapping back from file handles to dentries.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* For details on why we do all the strange and hairy things in here
|
||||
* take a look at Documentation/filesystems/nfs/Exporting.
|
||||
* take a look at Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
#include <linux/exportfs.h>
|
||||
#include <linux/fs.h>
|
||||
|
||||
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
|
||||
*
|
||||
* The following files are helpful:
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Documentation/filesystems/nfs/Exporting
|
||||
* Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst
|
||||
* fs/exportfs/expfs.c.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ static int orangefs_fsync(struct file *file,
|
||||
* Change the file pointer position for an instance of an open file.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* \note If .llseek is overriden, we must acquire lock as described in
|
||||
* Documentation/filesystems/Locking.
|
||||
* Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Future upgrade could support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE but would
|
||||
* require much changes to the FS
|
||||
|
||||
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ struct dentry_operations {
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Locking rules for dentry_operations callbacks are to be found in
|
||||
* Documentation/filesystems/Locking. Keep it updated!
|
||||
* Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst. Keep it updated!
|
||||
*
|
||||
* FUrther descriptions are found in Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst.
|
||||
* Keep it updated too!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ struct fid {
|
||||
* @get_parent: find the parent of a given directory
|
||||
* @commit_metadata: commit metadata changes to stable storage
|
||||
*
|
||||
* See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/Exporting for details on how to use
|
||||
* See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst for details on how to use
|
||||
* this interface correctly.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* encode_fh:
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user