mm: Warn on shadow stack memory in wrong vma

The x86 Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) feature includes a new
type of memory called shadow stack. This shadow stack memory has some
unusual properties, which requires some core mm changes to function
properly.

One sharp edge is that PTEs that are both Write=0 and Dirty=1 are
treated as shadow by the CPU, but this combination used to be created by
the kernel on x86. Previous patches have changed the kernel to now avoid
creating these PTEs unless they are for shadow stack memory. In case any
missed corners of the kernel are still creating PTEs like this for
non-shadow stack memory, and to catch any re-introductions of the logic,
warn if any shadow stack PTEs (Write=0, Dirty=1) are found in non-shadow
stack VMAs when they are being zapped. This won't catch transient cases
but should have decent coverage.

In order to check if a PTE is shadow stack in core mm code, add two arch
breakouts arch_check_zapped_pte/pmd(). This will allow shadow stack
specific code to be kept in arch/x86.

Only do the check if shadow stack is supported by the CPU and configured
because in rare cases older CPUs may write Dirty=1 to a Write=0 CPU on
older CPUs. This check is handled in pte_shstk()/pmd_shstk().

Signed-off-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Pengfei Xu <pengfei.xu@intel.com>
Tested-by: John Allen <john.allen@amd.com>
Tested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230613001108.3040476-18-rick.p.edgecombe%40intel.com

arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -1665,6 +1665,12 @@ static inline bool arch_has_hw_pte_young(void)
 	return true;
 }
 
+#define arch_check_zapped_pte arch_check_zapped_pte
+void arch_check_zapped_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t pte);
+
+#define arch_check_zapped_pmd arch_check_zapped_pmd
+void arch_check_zapped_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t pmd);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_PV
 #define arch_has_hw_nonleaf_pmd_young arch_has_hw_nonleaf_pmd_young
 static inline bool arch_has_hw_nonleaf_pmd_young(void)

arch/x86/mm/pgtable.c

@@ -886,3 +886,23 @@ pmd_t pmd_mkwrite(pmd_t pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 
 	return pmd_clear_saveddirty(pmd);
 }
+
+void arch_check_zapped_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t pte)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Hardware before shadow stack can (rarely) set Dirty=1
+	 * on a Write=0 PTE. So the below condition
+	 * only indicates a software bug when shadow stack is
+	 * supported by the HW. This checking is covered in
+	 * pte_shstk().
+	 */
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHADOW_STACK) &&
+			pte_shstk(pte));
+}
+
+void arch_check_zapped_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t pmd)
+{
+	/* See note in arch_check_zapped_pte() */
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHADOW_STACK) &&
+			pmd_shstk(pmd));
+}

include/linux/pgtable.h

@@ -313,6 +313,20 @@ static inline bool arch_has_hw_pte_young(void)
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifndef arch_check_zapped_pte
+static inline void arch_check_zapped_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+					 pte_t pte)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef arch_check_zapped_pmd
+static inline void arch_check_zapped_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+					 pmd_t pmd)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTEP_GET_AND_CLEAR
 static inline pte_t ptep_get_and_clear(struct mm_struct *mm,
 				       unsigned long address,

mm/huge_memory.c

@@ -1681,6 +1681,7 @@ int zap_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	 */
 	orig_pmd = pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full(vma, addr, pmd,
 						tlb->fullmm);
+	arch_check_zapped_pmd(vma, orig_pmd);
 	tlb_remove_pmd_tlb_entry(tlb, pmd, addr);
 	if (vma_is_special_huge(vma)) {
 		if (arch_needs_pgtable_deposit())

mm/memory.c

@@ -1430,6 +1430,7 @@ static unsigned long zap_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 				continue;
 			ptent = ptep_get_and_clear_full(mm, addr, pte,
 							tlb->fullmm);
+			arch_check_zapped_pte(vma, ptent);
 			tlb_remove_tlb_entry(tlb, pte, addr);
 			zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(vma, addr, pte, details,
 						      ptent);